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Hui Z, Wen H, Zhu J, Deng H, Jiang X, Ye XY, Wang L, Xie T, Bai R. Discovery of plant-derived anti-tumor natural products: Potential leads for anti-tumor drug discovery. Bioorg Chem 2024; 142:106957. [PMID: 37939507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural products represent a paramount source of novel drugs. Numerous plant-derived natural products have demonstrated potent anti-tumor properties, thereby garnering considerable interest in their potential as anti-tumor drugs. This review compiles an overview of 242 recently discovered natural products, spanning the period from 2018 to the present. These natural products, which include 69 terpenoids, 42 alkaloids, 39 flavonoids, 21 steroids, 14 phenylpropanoids, 5 quinolines and 52 other compounds, are characterized by their respective chemical structures, anti-tumor activities, and mechanisms of action. By providing an essential reference and fresh insights, this review aims to support and inspire researchers engaged in the fields of natural products and anti-tumor drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Hui
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Hao Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Junlong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Haowen Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Xiang-Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Liwei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
| | - Renren Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
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2
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Ye J, Wu M, He L, Chen P, Liu H, Yang H. Glutathione-S-Transferase p1 Gene Promoter Methylation in Cell-Free DNA as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Tool for Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Endocrinol 2023; 2023:7279243. [PMID: 36747996 PMCID: PMC9899149 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7279243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoter methylation of glutathione-S-transferase p1 (GSTP1) is related to the occurrence of prostate cancer (PCa), but reports are inconsistent about the accuracy of GSTP1 promoter methylation in PCa diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, we systematically evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic value of GSTP1 promoter methylation in PCa. METHODS The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PMC databases were searched for all relevant studies from the date of inception to November 31, 2021. We compared differences in the incidence of GSTP1 promoter methylation in cfDNA between prostate cancer patients and controls. The odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) were used as effect sizes, and the result of each effect size is expressed as a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS Our meta-analysis showed that the combined sensitivity and specificity of GSTP1 promoter methylation in cfDNA for the diagnosis of prostate cancer were 0.37 (95% CI = 0.23, 0.53) and 0.97 (95% CI = 0.88, 0.99), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) with 95% CI was 0.78 (95% CI = 0.75, 0.82). For prognostic variables, hypermethylation of GSTP1 was associated with shorter survival in PCa (HR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.30, 5.10), with statistical significance in between-study heterogeneity (I 2 = 72%, P=0.006). The results of the subgroup analysis indicated that the heterogeneity of studies may be due to differences in the observed indicators. CONCLUSIONS The results of the meta-analysis substantiate the high specificity of promoter methylation of GSTP1 in cfDNA for the diagnosis of prostate cancer, and it may be used to more precisely evaluate the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer. It may be helpful for the early detection of prostate cancer, but it still must be combined with traditional prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or other methylated genes to accomplish this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghe Ye
- Department of Graduate School, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Organ Transplantation Center, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Mao Wu
- Department of Graduate School, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Long He
- Department of Organ Transplantation Center, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Organ Transplantation Center, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, China
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He W, Xiao Y, Yan S, Zhu Y, Ren S. Cell-free DNA in the management of prostate cancer: Current status and future prospective. Asian J Urol 2022. [PMID: 37538150 PMCID: PMC10394290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective With the escalating prevalence of prostate cancer (PCa) in China, there is an urgent demand for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Extensive investigations have been conducted on the clinical implementation of circulating free DNA (cfDNA) in PCa. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the present state of cfDNA as a biomarker for PCa and to examine its merits and obstacles for future clinical utilization. Methods Relevant peer-reviewed manuscripts on cfDNA as a PCa marker were evaluated by PubMed search (2010-2022) to evaluate the roles of cfDNA in PCa diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction, respectively. Results cfDNA is primarily released from cells undergoing necrosis and apoptosis, allowing for non-invasive insight into the genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic alterations within various PCa disease states. Next-generation sequencing, among other detection methods, enables the assessment of cfDNA abundance, mutation status, fragment characteristics, and epigenetic modifications. Multidimensional analysis based on cfDNA can facilitate early detection of PCa, risk stratification, and treatment monitoring. However, standardization of cfDNA detection methods is still required to expedite its clinical application. Conclusion cfDNA provides a non-invasive, rapid, and repeatable means of acquiring multidimensional information from PCa patients, which can aid in guiding clinical decisions and enhancing patient management. Overcoming the application barriers of cfDNA necessitates increased data sharing and international collaboration.
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Mizuno K, Beltran H. Future directions for precision oncology in prostate cancer. Prostate 2022; 82 Suppl 1:S86-S96. [PMID: 35657153 PMCID: PMC9942493 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Clinical genomic testing is becoming routine in prostate cancer, as biomarker-driven therapies such as poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and anti-PD1 immunotherapy are now approved for select men with castration-resistant prostate cancer harboring alterations in DNA repair genes. Challenges for precision medicine in prostate cancer include an overall low prevalence of actionable genomic alterations and a still limited understanding of the impact of tumor heterogeneity and co-occurring alterations on treatment response and outcomes across diverse patient populations. Expanded tissue-based technologies such as whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome analysis, epigenetic analysis, and single-cell RNA sequencing have not yet entered the clinical realm and could potentially improve upon our understanding of how molecular features of tumors, intratumoral heterogeneity, and the tumor microenvironment impact therapy response and resistance. Blood-based technologies including cell-free DNA, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are less invasive molecular profiling resources that could also help capture intraindividual tumor heterogeneity and track dynamic changes that occur in the context of specific therapies. Furthermore, molecular imaging is an important biomarker tool within the framework of prostate cancer precision medicine with a capability to detect heterogeneity across metastases and potential therapeutic targets less invasively. Here, we review recent technological advances that may help promote the future implementation and value of precision oncology testing for patients with advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Mizuno
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute
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R Peter M, Bilenky M, Shi Y, Pu J, Kamdar S, R Hansen A, E Fleshner N, S Sridhar S, M Joshua A, Hirst M, Xu W, Bapat B. A novel methylated cell-free DNA marker panel to monitor treatment response in metastatic prostate cancer. Epigenomics 2022; 14:811-822. [PMID: 35818933 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study examined circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) biomarkers associated with androgen treatment resistance in metastatic castration resistance prostate cancer (mCRPC). Materials & methods: We designed a panel of nine candidate cfDNA methylation markers using droplet digital PCR (Methyl-ddPCR) and assessed methylation levels in sequentially collected cfDNA samples from patients with mCRPC. Results: Increased cfDNA methylation in eight out of nine markers during androgen-targeted treatment correlated with a faster time to clinical progression. Cox proportional hazards modeling and logistic regression analysis further confirmed that higher cfDNA methylation during treatment was significantly associated with clinical progression. Conclusion: Overall, our findings have revealed a novel methylated cfDNA marker panel that could aid in the clinical management of metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madonna R Peter
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Misha Bilenky
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Science Center, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Yuliang Shi
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Jiajie Pu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Shivani Kamdar
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Srikala S Sridhar
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Anthony M Joshua
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada.,Department of Medical Oncology, Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Martin Hirst
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Science Center, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology & Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
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6
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Blood-based liquid biopsies for prostate cancer: clinical opportunities and challenges. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1394-1402. [PMID: 35715640 PMCID: PMC9553885 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01881-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy has been established as a powerful, minimally invasive, tool to detect clinically actionable aberrations across numerous cancer types in real-time. With the development of new therapeutic agents in prostate cancer (PC) including DNA repair targeted therapies, this is especially attractive. However, there is unclarity on how best to screen for PC, improve risk stratification and ultimately how to treat advanced disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop better biomarkers to help guide oncologists' decisions in these settings. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs), exosomes and cell-free DNA/RNA (cfDNA/cfRNA) analysis, including epigenetic features such as methylation, have all shown potential in prognostication, treatment response assessment and detection of emerging mechanisms of resistance. However, there are still challenges to overcome prior to implementing liquid biopsies in routine clinical practice such as preanalytical considerations including blood collection and storage, the cost of CTC isolation and enrichment, low-circulating tumour content as a limitation for genomic analysis and how to better interpret the sequencing data generated. In this review, we describe an overview of the up-to-date clinical opportunities in the management of PC through blood-based liquid biopsies and the next steps for its implementation in personalised treatment guidance.
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7
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Conduit C, Mak B, Qu W, Lulio JD, Burder R, Bressel M, Cusick T, Dhillon HM, Lourenço RDA, Underhill C, Torres J, Crumbaker M, Honeyball F, Linton A, Allen R, Davis ID, Clark SJ, Horvath LG, Mahon KL. GUIDE: a randomised non-comparative phase II trial of biomarker-driven intermittent docetaxel versus standard-of-care docetaxel in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (clinical trial protocol). Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221092486. [PMID: 35465297 PMCID: PMC9019311 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221092486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of intermittent docetaxel chemotherapy guided by circulating methylated glutathione S-transferase Pi-1 (mGSTP1) in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Patients and Methods: GUIDE (NCT04918810) is a randomised, two-arm, non-comparative phase-2 trial recruiting 120 patients at six Australian centres. Patients with Prostate Cancer Working Group-3 defined metastatic CRPC who are commencing docetaxel 75 mg/m2 q3w will be pre-screened for detectable mGSTP1 at baseline ± following two cycles of treatment. Those with detectable plasma mGSTP1 at baseline that becomes undetectable after two cycles of chemotherapy will be eligible for GUIDE. Prior to Cycle 4 of docetaxel, these patients are randomised 2:1 to one of two treatment arms: Arm A (cease docetaxel and reinstitute if mGSTP1 becomes detectable) or Arm B (continue docetaxel 75 mg/m2 q3w in accordance with clinician’s usual practice). The primary endpoint is radiographic progression-free survival. Secondary endpoints include time on treatment holidays, safety, patient-reported outcomes, overall survival, health resource use, and cost associated with treatment. Enrolment commenced November 2021. Results and Conclusion: The results of this trial will generate data on the clinical utility of mGSTP1 as a novel biomarker to guide treatment de-escalation in metastatic CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Conduit
- Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate (ANZUP) Cancer Trials Group, Camperdown, NSW, Australia Personalised Oncology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Blossom Mak
- Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wenjia Qu
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Juliana Di Lulio
- Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials (BaCT), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ronan Burder
- Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials (BaCT), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthias Bressel
- Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials (BaCT), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Cusick
- Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate (ANZUP) Cancer Trials Group, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Haryana M. Dhillon
- Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate (ANZUP) Cancer Trials Group, Camperdown, NSW, Australia Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-Based Decision-Making, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Psycho-Oncology Cooperative Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard De Abreu Lourenço
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Craig Underhill
- Border Medical Oncology Research Unit, Albury Wodonga Regional Cancer Centre, Albury, NSW, Australia University of NSW Rural Clinical School, Albury, NSW, Australia
| | - Javier Torres
- Goulburn Valley Health, Shepparton, VIC, Australia Rural Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Shepparton, VIC, Australia
| | - Megan Crumbaker
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia St. Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St. Vincent’s Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Florian Honeyball
- Dubbo Base Hospital, Dubbo, NSW, Australia School of Rural Health, The University of Sydney, Dubbo, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony Linton
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Concord Cancer Centre, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Ray Allen
- Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate (ANZUP) Cancer Trials Group, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian D. Davis
- Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate (ANZUP) Cancer Trials Group, Camperdown, NSW, Australia Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC, Australia Eastern Health, Box Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan J. Clark
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa G. Horvath
- Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate L. Mahon
- Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, 119-143 Missenden Rd, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaRoyal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Liu A, Li X, Hao Z, Cao J, Li H, Sun M, Zhang Z, Liang R, Zhang H. Alterations of DNA methylation and mRNA levels of CYP1A1, GSTP1, and GSTM1 in human bronchial epithelial cells induced by benzo[a]pyrene. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:127-138. [PMID: 35193440 DOI: 10.1177/07482337211069233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a known human carcinogen and plays a major function in the initiation of lung cancer at its first proximity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are less well understood. In this study, we investigated the impact of B[a]P treatment on the DNA methylation and mRNA levels of CYP1A1, GSTP1, and GSTM1 in human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBEs), and provide scientific evidence for the mechanism study on the carcinogenesis of B[a]P. We treated 16HBEs with DMSO or concentrations of B[a]P at 1, 2, and 5 mmol/L for 24 h, observed the morphological changes, determined the cell viability, DNA methylation, and mRNA levels of CYP1A1, GSTP1, and GSTM1. Compared to the DMSO controls, B[a]P treatment had significantly increased the neoplastic cell number and cell viability in 16HBEs at all three doses (1, 2, and 5 mmol/L), and had significantly reduced the CYP1A1 and GSTP1 DNA promoter methylation levels. Following B[a]P treatment, the GSTM1 promoter methylation level in 16HBEs was profoundly reduced at low dose group compared to the DMSO controls, yet it was significantly increased at both middle and high dose groups. The mRNA levels of CYP1A1, GSTP1, and GSTM1 were significantly decreased in 16HBEs following B[a]P treatment at all three doses. The findings demonstrate that B[a]P promoted cell proliferation in 16HBEs, which was possibly related to the altered DNA methylations and the inhibited mRNA levels in CYP1A1, GSTP1, and GSTM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Department of Health Information Management, 74648Shanxi Medical University Fenyang College, Fenyang, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin Li
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, 442190Taiyuan Iron and Steel Co Ltd, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhongsuo Hao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruifeng Liang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Conteduca V, Hess J, Yamada Y, Ku SY, Beltran H. Epigenetics in prostate cancer: clinical implications. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:3104-3116. [PMID: 34430414 PMCID: PMC8350251 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations, including changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and nucleosome remodeling, result in abnormal gene expression patterns that contribute to prostate tumor initiation and continue to evolve during the course of disease progression. Epigenetic modifications are responsible for silencing tumor-suppressor genes, activating oncogenic drivers, and driving therapy resistance and thus have emerged as promising targets for antineoplastic therapy in prostate cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of epigenetics in prostate cancer with a particular emphasis on clinical implications. We review how epigenetic regulators crosstalk with critical biological pathways, including androgen receptor signaling, and how these interactions dynamically control prostate cancer transcriptional profiles. Because of their potentially reversible nature, restoration of a "normal" epigenome could provide a basis for innovative therapeutic strategies in prostate cancer. We highlight how particular epigenetic alterations are emerging as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and/or targets for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Conteduca
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Dino Amadori" (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Judy Hess
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yasutaka Yamada
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheng-Yu Ku
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Review of novel liquid-based biomarkers for prostate cancer: towards personalised and targeted medicine. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396921000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and it is responsible for about 10% of all cancer mortalities in both American and Canadian men. At present, serum prostate-specific antigen levels remain the most commonly used test to detect prostate cancer, and the standard and definitive diagnosis of the disease is via prostate biopsy. Conventional tissue biopsies are usually invasive, expensive, painful, time-consuming, and unsuitable for screening and need to be consistently evaluated by expert pathologists and have limited repeatability. Consequently, liquid biopsies are emerging as a favourable alternative to conventional tissue biopsies, providing a non-invasive and cost-effective approach for screening, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of prostate cancer patients.
Materials and methods:
We searched several databases from August to December 2020 for relevant studies published in English between 2000 and 2020 and reporting on liquid-based biomarkers available in detectable quantities in patient bodily fluid samples. In this narrative review paper, we describe seven novel and promising liquid-based biomarkers that potentially account for individual patient variability as well as used in disease risk assessment, screening for early disease detection and diagnosis, identification of patients’ risk for metastatic disease and subsequent relapse, monitoring patient response to specific treatment and providing clinicians the potential to stratify patients likely to benefit from a particular treatment.
Conclusions:
The concept of precision medicine from prevention to treatment techniques that take individual patient variability into account will depend on the development of effective clinical biomarkers that interrogate key aberrant pathways potentially targetable with molecular targets or immunologic therapies. Liquid-based biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity for prostate cancer are emerging as minimally invasive, lower risk, readily obtainable and easily repeatable technique for screening for early disease detection and diagnosis, patient stratification at diagnosis into different risk categories, identification of patients’ risk for metastatic disease and subsequent relapse, and real-time monitoring of patient response to specific treatment. Thus, effective liquid-based biomarkers will potentially shift the treatment paradigm of prostate cancer towards more personalised and targeted medicine.
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Emerging noninvasive methylation biomarkers of cancer prognosis and drug response prediction. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:584-595. [PMID: 33757849 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide being responsible for 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Epigenetic alterations are key in directing the aberrant expression of tumor-associated genes that drive cellular malignant transformation and cancer progression. Among epigenetic alterations, DNA methylation is the most deeply studied one in relation to environmental exposure. Tissue biopsies have traditionally been the main procedure by which a small sample of body tissue is excised to confirm cancer diagnosis or to indicate the primary site when cancer has spread. In contrast, the analysis of circulating tumor-derived material, or tumor circulome, by means of liquid biopsy of peripheral blood, urine, saliva or sputum is a noninvasive, fast and reproducible alternative to tissue biopsy. Recently, the assessment of epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in circulating free DNA has been proved possible. These marks can be associated to prognosis and response to a variety of treatments including chemotherapy, hormonotherapy or immunotherapy. Epigenetic biomarkers may offer some advantages over RNA or genetic biomarkers given their stability in bodily fluids and their high tissue-specificity. While many challenges are still ahead, the unique advantages of these types of biomarkers is urging the scientific community to persevere in their clinical validation and integration into reliable prediction models. This review aims at recapitulating the emerging noninvasive DNA methylated biomarkers of importance for prediction of prognosis and drug response in cancer.
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12
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A review of current clinical biomarkers for prostate cancer: towards personalised and targeted therapy. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396920001168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and it is responsible for about 10% of all cancer mortality in Canadian men. The current ‘gold standard’ for the diagnosis of prostate cancer is a prostate biopsy and the decision on when to biopsy a patient with non-suspicious Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) result and total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) of 4–10 ng/ml can be challenging. In order to shift the treatment paradigm of prostate cancer toward more personalised and targeted therapy, there is the need for a clear system that makes its detection binary so as to decrease the rate of inaccurate detections. Therefore in recent years, there have been several investigations into the development of various biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity for screening, early detection and personalised patient-specific targeted medicine from diagnosis to treatment of the disease.
Materials and methods:
This paper reports on nine currently available clinical biomarkers used in screening for early detection and diagnosis, to reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies, in risk assessment of aggressive disease and in monitoring treatment response of prostate cancer.
Conclusion:
Current clinical prostate cancer biomarkers have the potential for a personalised risk assessment of aggressive disease and the risk of developing distant metastatic disease and have been proven to be useful tools to guide clinicians in personalised patient-specific targeted treatment and in the shared decision making between patients and their physicians regarding prostate biopsy and treatment. Using biomarkers to select patients with a significant probability of aggressive prostate cancer would potentially avoid premature death from the disease, while at the same time would safely preclude patients who do not require unnecessary invasive intervention.
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13
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Jaganjac M, Milkovic L, Sunjic SB, Zarkovic N. The NRF2, Thioredoxin, and Glutathione System in Tumorigenesis and Anticancer Therapies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1151. [PMID: 33228209 PMCID: PMC7699519 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains an elusive, highly complex disease and a global burden. Constant change by acquired mutations and metabolic reprogramming contribute to the high inter- and intratumor heterogeneity of malignant cells, their selective growth advantage, and their resistance to anticancer therapies. In the modern era of integrative biomedicine, realizing that a personalized approach could benefit therapy treatments and patients' prognosis, we should focus on cancer-driving advantageous modifications. Namely, reactive oxygen species (ROS), known to act as regulators of cellular metabolism and growth, exhibit both negative and positive activities, as do antioxidants with potential anticancer effects. Such complexity of oxidative homeostasis is sometimes overseen in the case of studies evaluating the effects of potential anticancer antioxidants. While cancer cells often produce more ROS due to their increased growth-favoring demands, numerous conventional anticancer therapies exploit this feature to ensure selective cancer cell death triggered by excessive ROS levels, also causing serious side effects. The activation of the cellular NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2) pathway and induction of cytoprotective genes accompanies an increase in ROS levels. A plethora of specific targets, including those involved in thioredoxin (TRX) and glutathione (GSH) systems, are activated by NRF2. In this paper, we briefly review preclinical research findings on the interrelated roles of the NRF2 pathway and TRX and GSH systems, with focus given to clinical findings and their relevance in carcinogenesis and anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Neven Zarkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.J.); (L.M.); (S.B.S.)
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14
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Peter MR, Bilenky M, Isserlin R, Bader GD, Shen SY, De Carvalho DD, Hansen AR, Hu P, Fleshner NE, Joshua AM, Hirst M, Bapat B. Dynamics of the cell-free DNA methylome of metastatic prostate cancer during androgen-targeting treatment. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1317-1332. [PMID: 32867540 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We examined methylation changes in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) during treatment. Patients & methods: Genome-wide methylation analysis of sequentially collected cfDNA samples derived from mCRPC patients undergoing androgen-targeting therapy was performed. Results: Alterations in methylation states of genes previously implicated in prostate cancer progression were observed and patients that maintained methylation changes throughout therapy tended to have a longer time to clinical progression. Importantly, we also report that markers associated with a highly aggressive form of the disease, neuroendocrine-CRPC, were associated with a faster time to clinical progression. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the potential of monitoring the cfDNA methylome during therapy in mCRPC, which may serve as predictive markers of response to androgen-targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madonna R Peter
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Misha Bilenky
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Science Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Ruth Isserlin
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Shu Yi Shen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Daniel D De Carvalho
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Pingzhao Hu
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3N4, Canada
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Anthony M Joshua
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada.,Department of Medical Oncology, Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Martin Hirst
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Science Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
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15
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Carson JJK, Di Lena MA, Berman DM, Siemens DR, Mueller CR. Development and initial clinical correlation of a DNA methylation-based blood test for prostate cancer. Prostate 2020; 80:1038-1042. [PMID: 32506642 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the principle limitations for more precise management of advanced prostate cancer is the lack of accurate biomarkers allowing estimation of tumor burden, ongoing assessment of progression, and response to treatment. Although prostate-specific antigen (PSA) performs modestly, nonsecreting cancers including those with early castrate-resistance warrant investigation of other predictive biomarkers. The objectives of these studies were to develop and perform initial validation of a circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) methylation assay. METHODS Methylation DETection of Circulating Tumor DNA (mDETECT) is a highly multiplexed targeted sequencing DNA methylation-based ctDNA blood test that captures the vast majority of prostate cancer phenotypes due to a careful development process that ensures that each probe region is methylated in at least 50% of all methylation-based subtypes and is not methylated in normal tissues. Next-generation sequencing of targeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products whose amplification is biased towards methylated DNA ensures the specificity of the assay by identifying multiple tumor-specific methylated CpG residues in each read. RESULTS The final test is comprised of 46 PCR probes to 40 regions. It is relatively resistant to contaminating normal DNA and as a result functions in both serum and plasma samples. The assay was initially validated in a variety of prostate cancer cell lines to ensure specificity. Using a small number of longitudinal samples from prostate cancer patients initiating androgen deprivation therapy, the ability of mDETECT to track tumor burden was assessed compared with PSA. The mDETECT test signal generally paralleled that of PSA increasing and decreasing commensurate with tumor evolution in these patients. In two cases it appeared to anticipate clinical progression by a number of months compared to PSA and in a PSA nonproducing case, it was able to track tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS mDETECT offers a promising tool for the assessment of prostate cancer burden based on the sensitive detection of prostate-specific ctDNA and requires further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J K Carson
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A Di Lena
- Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M Berman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Robert Siemens
- Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher R Mueller
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Demircan Tan B, Turan T, Yucel B, Altundag Kara S, Salman Yilmaz S, Yildirim A. Aberrant SOCS3 Promoter Methylation as a Noninvasive Diagnostic Biomarker for Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer. Medeni Med J 2020; 35:99-105. [PMID: 32733758 PMCID: PMC7384502 DOI: 10.5222/mmj.2020.58708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the promoter methylation status of Rasassociated domain family 1A (RASSF1A), O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), Phosphatase with tensin homology (PTEN) and Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) tumor suppressor genes and evaluate the clinical utility of these genes as noninvasive, blood-based epigenetic biomarkers for the diagnosis of Prostate Cancer (PCa). Method A total of 41 consecutive patients and 10 healthy control groups were enrolled in the study. Pyrosequencing was performed to analyze the methylation levels of the promoter regions of the four tumor suppressor genes in patients compared to healthy controls. Results The promoter methylation levels of RASSF1A, MGMT, PTEN and SOCS3 did not differ between the patient and control groups. However, SOCS3 promoter methylation level was significantly higher for patients having locally advanced PCa compared to those having localizedPCa (p<0.05). Conclusion Our results indicated that SOCS3 could be a useful, noninvasive blood-based epigenetic biomarker for the diagnosis of locally advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Demircan Tan
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turgay Turan
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Yucel
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sedef Altundag Kara
- Istanbul Okan University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Salman Yilmaz
- Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asif Yildirim
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Wang J, Yu L, Jiang H, Zheng X, Zeng S. Epigenetic Regulation of Differentially Expressed Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Cancer. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:759-768. [PMID: 32601104 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug metabolism is a biotransformation process of drugs, catalyzed by drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), including phase I DMEs and phase II DMEs. The aberrant expression of DMEs occurs in the different stages of cancer. It can contribute to the development of cancer and lead to individual variations in drug response by affecting the metabolic process of carcinogen and anticancer drugs. Apart from genetic polymorphisms, which we know the most about, current evidence indicates that epigenetic regulation is also central to the expression of DMEs. This review summarizes differentially expressed DMEs in cancer and related epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs. Exploring the epigenetic regulation of differentially expressed DMEs can provide a basis for implementing individualized and rationalized medication. Meanwhile, it can promote the development of new biomarkers and targets for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cancer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review summarizes the aberrant expression of DMEs in cancer and the related epigenetic regulation of differentially expressed DMEs. Exploring the epigenetic regulatory mechanism of DMEs in cancer can help us to understand the role of DMEs in cancer progression and chemoresistance. Also, it provides a basis for developing new biomarkers and targets for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (J.W., L.Y., H.J., S.Z.) and Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China (X.Z.)
| | - Lushan Yu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (J.W., L.Y., H.J., S.Z.) and Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China (X.Z.)
| | - Huidi Jiang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (J.W., L.Y., H.J., S.Z.) and Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (J.W., L.Y., H.J., S.Z.) and Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China (X.Z.)
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (J.W., L.Y., H.J., S.Z.) and Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China (X.Z.)
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18
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Qiu K, Zheng Z, Huang Y. Long intergenic noncoding RNA 00844 promotes apoptosis and represses proliferation of prostate cancer cells through upregulating GSTP1 by recruiting EBF1. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8472-8485. [PMID: 32329523 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence have suggested the function of long noncoding RNAs as crucial players in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PC), a urologic tumor in male with poor prognosis. This study was designed to explore the functions of long intergenic noncoding RNA 00844 (LINC00844) in PC progression. The expression of LINC00844 and glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1) was detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, followed by the identification of the relationship among LINC00844, GSTP1, and early B cell factor 1 (EBF1) by dual luciferase reporter gene assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Using loss- and gain-of-function assays, the effects of LINC00844, GSTP1, and EBF1 on the biological characteristics of PC cells were assessed by cell counting kit-8 assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay, and flow cytometry. Lastly, the results from in vitro experiments were verified in vivo by establishing a xenograft tumor model in nude mice. LINC00844 and GSTP1 both displayed low expression in PC tissues and cells. LINC00844 positively regulated the expression of GSTP1 via recruiting EBF1. Overexpression of LINC00844 reduced proliferation and elevated apoptosis of PC cells through recruiting EBF1, which subsequently upregulated GSTP1. In vivo experiments confirmed that LINC00844 or GSTP1 upregulation attenuated tumor growth. LINC00844 elevated GSTP1 expression by recruiting EBF1 to the promoter region of GSTP1, thereby suppressing PC progression. Hence, LINC00844 is a novel therapeutic target for the development of new treatment protocols for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyan Qiu
- Department of Urology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiong Zheng
- Department of Urology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yingfu Huang
- Department of Urology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, P.R. China
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19
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Constâncio V, Nunes SP, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. DNA Methylation-Based Testing in Liquid Biopsies as Detection and Prognostic Biomarkers for the Four Major Cancer Types. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030624. [PMID: 32150897 PMCID: PMC7140532 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung, breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers are the most incident worldwide. Optimal population-based cancer screening methods remain an unmet need, since cancer detection at early stages increases the prospects of successful and curative treatment, leading to a lower incidence of recurrences. Moreover, the current parameters for cancer patients’ stratification have been associated with divergent outcomes. Therefore, new biomarkers that could aid in cancer detection and prognosis, preferably detected by minimally invasive methods are of major importance. Aberrant DNA methylation is an early event in cancer development and may be detected in circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA), constituting a valuable cancer biomarker. Furthermore, DNA methylation is a stable alteration that can be easily and rapidly quantified by methylation-specific PCR methods. Thus, the main goal of this review is to provide an overview of the most important studies that report methylation biomarkers for the detection and prognosis of the four major cancers after a critical analysis of the available literature. DNA methylation-based biomarkers show promise for cancer detection and management, with some studies describing a “PanCancer” detection approach for the simultaneous detection of several cancer types. Nonetheless, DNA methylation biomarkers still lack large-scale validation, precluding implementation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Constâncio
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group—Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (S.P.N.); (R.H.)
- Master in Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra P. Nunes
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group—Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (S.P.N.); (R.H.)
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group—Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (S.P.N.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar–University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group—Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (S.P.N.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar–University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +351-225084000; Fax: + 351-225084047
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20
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Schulte B, Morgans AK, Shore ND, Pezaro C. Sorting Through the Maze of Treatment Options for Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2020; 40:1-10. [PMID: 32182139 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_278845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since 1944, when Huggins and Hodges demonstrated the effectiveness of bilateral orchiectomy for metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been the first-line treatment for men with advanced PCa. The proportion of PCa cases that are metastatic at diagnosis ranges globally, from 5%-20% in countries with widespread screening practices to upward of 30%-60% where screening is minimal. In the United States alone, there will be an estimated 191,000 new cases of PCa diagnosed in the year 2020, of which approximately 20% will be metastatic.1 Ongoing controversy around prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening practices, increased access to novel imaging modalities, and a globally aging population will drive increased rates of metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC).2,3 At the same time, advances in upfront hormonal or chemohormonal therapy have driven a dramatic shift in treatment paradigms. In this article, we review recent advances in treatment choices for men with newly diagnosed mCSPC and the impact of upfront treatment on subsequent disease biology. Options include treatment with chemohormonal therapy, androgen receptor (AR)-directed therapy in addition to ADT, or, less commonly, ADT alone. Treatment choice must include consideration of clinical and disease characteristics, as well as patient preferences and limitations of geography and financial concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Schulte
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Alicia K Morgans
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Neal D Shore
- Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC
| | - Carmel Pezaro
- Yorkshire Cancer Research Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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21
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Silva R, Moran B, Russell NM, Fahey C, Vlajnic T, Manecksha RP, Finn SP, Brennan DJ, Gallagher WM, Perry AS. Evaluating liquid biopsies for methylomic profiling of prostate cancer. Epigenetics 2020; 15:715-727. [PMID: 32000564 PMCID: PMC7574384 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1712876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Liquid biopsies offer significant potential for informing on cancer progression and therapeutic resistance via minimally invasive serial monitoring of genetic alterations. Although the cancer epigenome is a central driving force in most neoplasia, the accuracy of monitoring the tumor methylome using liquid biopsies remains relatively unknown. Objectives: to investigate how well two types of liquid biopsy (urine and blood) capture the prostate cancer methylome, and may thus serve as a non-invasive surrogate for studying the tumor epigenome. Methods: A cohort of four metastatic treatment naïve prostate cancer (PCa) patients was selected. Matched biopsy cores (tumor and histologically matched-normal), post-DRE, pre-biopsy urine, and peripheral blood plasma were available for each subject. DNA methylation was profiled utilizing the Infinium® MethylationEPIC BeadChip (Illumina) and analysed using the RnBeads software. Significantly (FDR adjusted P < 0.05) differentially methylated probes (DMPs) between tumor and MN were identified and examined in the liquids (done at a grouped and individual subject level). Results: DNA methylation analysis of urine and blood in men with metastatic PCa showed highly correlated patterns between the different liquid types (ρ = 0.93, P < 0.0001), with large contributions from non-tumor sources. DNA methylation profiles of liquids were more similar between subjects, than intra-individual liquid-tumor correlations. Overall, both urine and plasma are viable surrogates for tumor tissue biopsies, capturing up to 39.40% and 64.14% of tumor-specific methylation alterations, respectively. Conclusion: We conclude that both urine and blood plasma are easily accessible and sensitive biofluids for the study of PCa epigenomic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Silva
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bruce Moran
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland.,Ireland East Hospital Group (IEHG), St. Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh M Russell
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland.,School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciara Fahey
- Prostate Molecular Oncology, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tatjana Vlajnic
- Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital , Dublin, Ireland.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rustom P Manecksha
- Department of Urology, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donal J Brennan
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - William M Gallagher
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland.,School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Antoinette S Perry
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland.,Prostate Molecular Oncology, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland.,School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Izumchenko E, Shavit Grievink L, Rosenbaum E, Hoque MO. GSTP1 as a Potential Marker of Early Chemotherapy Response for Noninvasive Detection. Eur Urol 2019; 76:313-314. [PMID: 30642610 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liat Shavit Grievink
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Eli Rosenbaum
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mohammad Obaidul Hoque
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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