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Baldi S, Pagliai G, Di Gloria L, Pallecchi M, Barca F, Pieri B, Bartolucci G, Ramazzotti M, Amedei A, Palendri G, Sofi F. Beneficial Effects of Micronutrient Supplementation in Restoring the Altered Microbiota and Gut-Retina Axis in Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration-A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:3971. [PMID: 39599758 PMCID: PMC11597754 DOI: 10.3390/nu16223971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Revised: 11/14/2024] [Accepted: 11/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual impairment in the elderly and is characterized by a multifactorial etiology. Emerging evidence points to the potential involvement of the gut-retina axis in AMD pathogenesis, prompting exploration into novel therapeutic strategies. This study aims to investigate the effects of some micronutrients (such as lutein and zeaxanthin) and saffron (as a supplement)-known for their anti-inflammatory properties-on ophthalmological and microbial parameters in neovascular AMD (nAMD) patients. Methods: Thirty naive nAMD patients were randomized to receive daily micronutrient supplementation alongside anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) therapy, or anti-VEGF treatment alone, over a 6-month period, with comparisons made to a healthy control (HC) group (N = 15). Ophthalmological assessments, biochemical measurements, and stool samples were obtained before and after treatment. Gut microbiota (GM) characterization was performed using 16S rRNA sequencing, while short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), and long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) were analyzed with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry protocol. Results: Compared to HC, nAMD patients exhibited reduced GM alpha diversity, altered taxonomic composition, and decreased total SCFA levels, in addition to elevated levels of proinflammatory octanoic and nonanoic acids. Micronutrient supplementation was associated with improved visual acuity relative to the group treated with anti-VEGF alone, along with a decrease in the total amount of MCFAs, which are metabolites known to have adverse ocular effects. Conclusions: In conclusion, despite certain limitations-such as the limited sample size and the low taxonomic resolution of 16S rRNA sequencing-this study highlights compositional and functional imbalances in the GM of nAMD patients and demonstrates that micronutrient supplementation may help restore the gut-retina axis. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of micronutrients in enhancing ocular outcomes for nAMD patients, underscoring the complex interaction between GM and ocular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Baldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuditta Pagliai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Leandro Di Gloria
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.D.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Marco Pallecchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Francesco Barca
- Complex Operative Unit of Ophthalmology, Palagi Hospital, USL Toscana Centro, 50122 Florence, Italy; (F.B.); (B.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Benedetta Pieri
- Complex Operative Unit of Ophthalmology, Palagi Hospital, USL Toscana Centro, 50122 Florence, Italy; (F.B.); (B.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.D.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.B.); (G.P.)
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Florence, Italy
| | - Gianna Palendri
- Complex Operative Unit of Ophthalmology, Palagi Hospital, USL Toscana Centro, 50122 Florence, Italy; (F.B.); (B.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.B.); (G.P.)
- Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
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Kadri MS, Singhania RR, Anisha GS, Gohil N, Singh V, Patel AK, Patel AK. Microalgal lutein: Advancements in production, extraction, market potential, and applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 389:129808. [PMID: 37806362 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Lutein, a bioactive xanthophyll, has recently attracted significant attention for numerous health benefits, e.g., protection of eye health, macular degeneration, and acute and chronic syndromes etc. Microalgae have emerged as the best platform for high-value lutein production with high productivity, lutein content, and scale-up potential. Algal lutein possesses numerous bioactivities, hence widely used in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, aquaculture, cosmetics, etc. This review highlights advances in upstream lutein production enhancement and feasible downstream extraction and cell disruption techniques for a large-scale lutein biorefinery. Besides bioprocess-related advances, possible solutions for existing production challenges in microalgae-based lutein biorefinery, market potential, and emerging commercial scopes of lutein and its potential health applications are also discussed. The key enzymes involved in the lutein biosynthesizing Methyl-Erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway have been briefly described. This review provides a comprehensive updates on lutein research advancements covering scalable upstream and downstream production strategies and potential applications for researchers and industrialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sibtain Kadri
- Department of Education and Human Potential Development, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974301, Taiwan
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Grace Sathyanesan Anisha
- Post-graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Nisarg Gohil
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, 382715, Gujarat, India
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, 382715, Gujarat, India
| | - Alok Kumar Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Jurja S, Negreanu-Pirjol T, Vasile M, Hincu MM, Coviltir V, Negreanu-Pirjol BS. Xanthophyll pigments dietary supplements administration and retinal health in the context of increasing life expectancy trend. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1226686. [PMID: 37637949 PMCID: PMC10450221 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1226686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Medicine faces nowadays the trend of increasing life expectancy of human population, with the resulting increase of degenerative age related diseases prevalence, combined with the risks of less tempered sun radiations environment exposure. Under these circumstances, our work pointed out on evaluating the effect of some xanthophyll pigments dietary supplements, actually widely recommended, for prevention of retinal degenerative damages and for slowing down the progression of such age related changes if they have already occurred. These dietary supplements are already well known for their total antioxidant activity, proven by photochemiluminescence method using Total Antioxidant Capacity in Lipid soluble-substances procedure. Materials and methods The study recruited a number of 120 subjects equally divided on genders. The lot included a first group of 60 patients with comparable ages (all of them over 50 years and divided in 2 segments of age: 50-60 and over 60) and suffering from comparable retinal age-related degenerative abnormalities (mild/medium severity age-related macular degeneration according to Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System), and a second group, considered control, including a similar number of healthy, normal retina subjects belonging to same age and gender categories. There were evaluated at baseline the eye medical status and the retinal risk by specific methods: complete eye check-up, Amsler grid, specific standardized questionnaires focused on visual function and its impact on the quality of current life. Both groups, patients and control, received similar dosages of xanthophyll pigments dietary supplements including lutein and zeaxanthin during 18 months after baseline; at the end of this supplementation period a new evaluation was conducted. In the second part of the research all subjects involved received a new dietary supplement in which the same xanthophylls were enriched with C and E vitamins and oligo-elements Zinc and Copper. At the end of three years duration supplementation, the subjects were reevaluated and the paper presents the conclusions on the matter, pointing on the impact of xanthophyll supplements on visual health. Results Correlation tests were applied to the complete set of data. Correlation tests have values between -1 and +1. The value -1 represents the negative correlation (reverse proportionality) meanwhile the value +1 represents the positive correlation (direct proportionality). The charts show the curves that are fitting experimental data. The dependence is linear in nature, and the value R2, as it approaches more the value 1, represents a better match with the experimental data (the data are in a percentage of approximately 99% on these straight lines of type y = ax + b). In the charts, there were noted the average values of the scores for healthy control patients with "Control", and the average values of the scores for the patients with existing age related degenerative retinal pathology at baseline with "Patients". Discussion The retinal function and the impact of visual condition on health were both evaluated at baseline, 18 months and 36 months after baseline, by visual acuity, ophthalmoscopy fundus examination, Amsler test and by asking the subjects to answer the visual function questionnaires: EQ-5D, NEI-VFQ-25, as measures of health status quality and of the influence on welfare. The study revealed that under supplementation both control healthy subjects and patients with known degenerative retinal pathology included in the 50-60 years of age group evolved almost the same way, leading to the conclusion that administered xanthophyll pigments-based supplements, simple or enriched, managed to slow down the progression of abnormal degenerative vision loss to a rate comparable to physiological aging-related vision loss. It was also observed that intake of xanthophyll pigments dietary supplements preserved the general health condition and maintained relatively constant vision on the entire 36th months follow-up research duration in patients presented with existing age related degenerative retinal pathology at baseline. For healthy subjects, evaluation showed an improvement in results after dietary supplementation, with maintenance of constant vision and a significantly increase of general condition, in a positive sense. For subjects over the age of 60 dietary supplements intake was even more effective compared to younger group in providing better control of degenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanda Jurja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University, Constanta, Romania
| | - Ticuta Negreanu-Pirjol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Ovidius” University, Constanta, Romania
| | - Monica Vasile
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University, Constanta, Romania
| | | | - Valeria Coviltir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Panova IG, Sukhova YV, Tatikolov AS, Levin PP, Ivanets TY. Antioxidants in the Vitreous Body of the Eye of Human Fetuses. BIOL BULL+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359021050113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Carotenoid profile in breast milk and maternal and cord plasma: a longitudinal study in Southwest China. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1281-1287. [PMID: 33413728 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are increasingly being implicated to have an important role in brain and eye development. This study aimed to quantify the content and profile of carotenoids in human breast milk, maternal plasma and neonatal umbilical cord plasma in Chengdu, an urban area in Southwest China. In this study, fifty-four healthy mothers were enrolled. Maternal blood, umbilical cord blood, colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk were collected. Concentrations of carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene and lycopene) were analysed by HPLC. We found that carotenoid concentrations decreased from colostrum to mature milk. Hydrocarbon carotenoids with weaker polarity decreased more than the polar carotenoids. Lycopene concentrations dropped by 99 %, β-carotene by 92 %, β-cryptoxanthin by 83 %, lutein by 32 % and zeaxanthin by 22 %. Lycopene and β-carotene accounted for 70 % of the total carotenoids in colostrum, and lutein predominated amongst carotenoids in transitional milk and mature milk (51-55 %). Carotenoid concentrations in maternal plasma were much higher than that in cord plasma. Lutein predominated in cord plasma. The concentrations of all carotenoids in maternal plasma were correlated with those of cord plasma and human milk. These results are consistent with selective transport mechanisms in the mammary gland related to the polarity of carotenoids, and each carotenoid has its own implications, which may have different priorities in the early life development of infants. These findings may help guide dietary recommendations for carotenoid inclusion in infant formulas.
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Genetic factors involved in modulating lutein bioavailability. Nutr Res 2021; 91:36-43. [PMID: 34134039 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lutein exhibits effective antioxidant activity conferring protective action against oxidative stress in age-related macular degeneration and cognitive decline. The inability to synthesize these compounds by the human body and the necessity to combat day-to-day oxidative stress prioritizes daily consumption of lutein. However, the bioavailability of the orally consumed lutein largely depends on its gastrointestinal absorption and subsequent metabolism which is in turn governed by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. One of the most important yet least studied factors is the genetic make-up of an individual. The proteins that partake in the absorption, transportation, metabolism and excretion of lutein are encoded by the genes that experience inter-individual variability. Reports suggest that the unanimous effect of phenotypes resulting from such inter-individual variability in the genes of interest causes modulation of lutein bioavailability which is discussed in detail in this review article. However, despite the available reports, a community-based approach to a larger population is required to obtain a stronger understanding of the relationship between inter-individual variability among these genes and lutein bioavailability. Such an understanding of nutrigenetics could not only pave a way to decipher mechanisms that modulate lutein bioavailability but also help in setting the dosage requirements of each patient.
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Abstract
The bilirubin content in the vitreous body of the eye of human fetuses of gestation week 17-31 was measured. During gestation weeks 17-19, the mean bilirubin concentration was 8.67 μmol/liter; then, decreased to 1.37 μmol/liter (gestation weeks 20 to 31). Bilirubin, being an endogenous antioxidant, is probably involved in protection of the retina and lens from LPO processes that intensively develop in retinal neurons and lens fibers.
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Bhat I, Yathisha UG, Karunasagar I, Mamatha BS. Nutraceutical approach to enhance lutein bioavailability via nanodelivery systems. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:709-724. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Lutein, a potent dietary carotenoid, has considerable biological activity and confers protection against age-related macular degeneration. Its bioavailability following consumption, however, depends on its rate of degradation. Nanodelivery systems with improved efficacy and stability are currently being developed to increase the bioavailability of lutein. This review examines nutraceutical approaches used in the development of such nanodelivery systems. It describes the methods of lutein preparation, the characteristics of various delivery systems, and the lutein delivery profile. In order to enhance lutein loading, provide electrostatic stabilization, and achieve the controlled release of lutein, adjuvants such as dextran moieties, whey proteins, medium-chain triglycerides, and chitosan polymers can be used to effectively reduce the particle size (< 70 nm) and improve encapsulation efficiency (to 99.5%). The improved bioavailability of lutein via nanocrystals incorporated into rapidly dissolving films for oral consumption is a new area of exploratory research. This review aims to provide clarity about current research aimed at enhancing the bioavailability of lutein through the development of nanodelivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Bhat
- Department of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Undiganalu Gangadharappa Yathisha
- Department of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Iddya Karunasagar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Bangera Sheshappa Mamatha
- Department of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
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Hu H, Yang M, Du B, Fang M, Liu X, Wang J. Evaluation of Corneal Curvature and Astigmatism in Patients with Persistent Pupillary Membrane by Partial Coherence Interferometry Measurements. Ophthalmic Res 2020; 63:314-319. [PMID: 31896108 DOI: 10.1159/000503072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and compare the corneal curvature and astigmatism in patients with persistent pupillary membrane (PPM) and healthy controls by partial coherence interferometry. METHODS This study included 14 eyes (9 patients) with PPM and 16 eyes (16 subjects) without PPM or other ocular disease, which were age and gender matched. The horizontal corneal radius of curvature (hCRC), vertical CRC (vCRC), average CRC (aveCRC), corneal astigmatic vectors (CAV), and axis were recorded using partial coherence interferometry. Uncorrected visual acuity and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were also recorded using a logMAR chart. RESULTS In the PPM group, the vCRC (45.46 ± 0.52 D) was significantly larger than that in the control group (44.05 ± 0.24 D) (p = 0.009). The aveCRC in the PPM group (43.90 ± 0.46 D) was also significantly larger than that in the control group (43.34 ± 0.23 D) (p = 0.018). In the PPM group, the hCRC (42.35 ± 0.41 D) was significantly smaller than that in the control group (42.63 ± 0.24 D) (p = 0.049). The astigmatisms were with-the-rule in both groups. The absolute value of CAV in PPM group (3.17 ± 0.23 D) was significantly higher than that of control (1.36 ± 0.09 D) (p = 0.001). BCVA (0.42 ± 0.08) in PPM group was significantly worse than that in control (0.90 ± 0.03) (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS The larger vertical and smaller horizontal corneal curvature resulted in higher corneal astigmatism with the rule, which is a characteristic feature in patients with PPM. More attention should be paid to astigmatism status and correction treatment for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingmin Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bing Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Fang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiantao Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,
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Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Purification of Zeaxanthin and Lutein in Corn Gluten Meal. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162994. [PMID: 31426603 PMCID: PMC6720893 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Zeaxanthin and lutein have a wide range of pharmacological applications. In this study, we conducted systematic experimental research to optimize antioxidant extraction based on detection, extraction, process amplification, and purification. An ultrasonic-assisted method was used to extract zeaxanthin and lutein with high efficiency from corn gluten meal. Firstly, the effects of solid-liquid ratio, extraction temperature, and ultrasonic extraction time on the extraction of zeaxanthin were investigated in single-factor experiments. The optimization extraction parameters of zeaxanthin and lutein with ethanol solvent were obtained using the response surface methodology (RSM) as follows: liquid–solid ratio of 7.9:1, extraction temperature of 56 °C, and extraction time of 45 min. The total content of zeaxanthin and lutein was 0.501%. The optimum extraction experimental parameters were verified by process amplification, and we confirmed that the parameters of the extraction process optimized using the RSM design are reliable and precise. Zeaxanthin and lutein from crude extract of corn gluten were separated and purified using silica gel column chromatography with the purity of zeaxanthin increasing from 0.28% to 31.5% (about 110 times) and lutein from 0.25% to 16.3% (about 65 times), which could be used for large-scale industrial production of carotenoids.
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Loskutova E, Shah K, Flitcroft ID, Setti A, Butler JS, Nolan Y, Paudel N, Loughman J. Lutein and zeaxanthin: The possible contribution, mechanisms of action and implications of modern dietary intake for cognitive development in children. HRB Open Res 2019. [DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.12903.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Studies suggest that lutein and zeaxanthin may be important for cognitive development in children, but a comprehensive evidence synthesis is lacking. The purpose of this evidence synthesis was to analyse the available data regarding the role of lutein and zeaxanthin for cognition in children and propose a theoretical basis for future studies.Methods:The PubMed, Scopus, the ISRCTN registry and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies that evaluated the relationship between lutein and zeaxanthin and cognitive function in children. Reference list and ancestry searches were performed on relevant articles. A total of 543 articles were identified, of which six cross-sectional studies were included.Results:The literature search revealed that the evidence concerning the effect of lutein and zeaxanthin on cognition in children is sparse. However, there is some preliminary evidence indicating a positive association between lutein and zeaxanthin and cognition in childhood.Conclusions:The cross-sectional nature of the few studies available and the lack of RCT data indicates a need for further investigation before any firm conclusions can be drawn.
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Xie Y, Lu K, Zhao X, Ma R, Chen J, Ho S. Manipulating Nutritional Conditions and Salinity‐Gradient Stress for Enhanced Lutein Production in Marine Microalga
Chlamydomonas
sp. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800380. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youping Xie
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China
| | - Kongyong Lu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China
| | - Xurui Zhao
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China
| | - Ruijuan Ma
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China
| | - Shih‐Hsin Ho
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China
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Terada N, Miyata M, Muraoka Y, Hata M, Fujimoto M, Yokota S, Nakanishi H, Suda K, Yoshikawa M, Ooto S, Ohtsuki H, Tsujikawa A. Abnormal Outer Choroidal Vasculature in Amblyopia. J Ophthalmol 2019; 2019:2097087. [PMID: 30733871 PMCID: PMC6348855 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2097087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Several studies have indicated morphological changes in the choroid in amblyopia cases. This study investigates whether choroidal vasculature was different among amblyopic and fellow eyes in unilateral amblyopia patients and healthy eyes, using en face images acquired via swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). DESIGN Prospective, observational case-control study. METHODS This study included 14 consecutive patients with unilateral amblyopia and 22 age- and axial length-matched healthy eyes. Using SS-OCT, we obtained en face images of choroidal vasculature midway through the subfoveal inner and total choroid, corresponding to the vasculature of the choriocapillaris and Sattler's layer (inner choroid) and Haller's layer (outer choroid), respectively. We analyzed the en face images of the inner and outer choroidal vascular areas in 3 × 3 mm squares adjusted from 6 × 6 mm squares, using Littmann's magnification correction, after binarization of the images as a portion of the whole area. RESULTS The outer choroidal vascular areas were larger in both amblyopic and fellow eyes than in healthy eyes (both P < 0.001), although there were no significant differences in inner (56.35 ± 2.46% and 56.27 ± 3.75%, respectively) or outer (61.49 ± 4.95% and 61.48 ± 3.73%, respectively) choroidal vascular area between amblyopic and fellow eyes (P=0.98 and 0.91, respectively). An outer choroidal vascular area of 59% was set as an appropriate cutoff value for distinguishing patients from controls. CONCLUSIONS The outer choroidal vascular area was larger in both amblyopic eyes and fellow eyes compared to healthy eyes. Our findings may help clarify the etiology of amblyopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Terada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Miyata
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Muraoka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hata
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fujimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokota
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Nakanishi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Suda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Munemitsu Yoshikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sotaro Ooto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohtsuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akitaka Tsujikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Zhao X, Ma R, Liu X, Ho SH, Xie Y, Chen J. Strategies related to light quality and temperature to improve lutein production of marine microalga Chlamydomonas sp. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 42:435-443. [PMID: 30467772 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-2047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The marine microalga Chlamydomonas sp. JSC4 was examined for its potential as a lutein producer. Environmental conditions, including light quality, temperature and light wavelength mixing ratio, were individually altered to enhance the cell growth rate and lutein production in strain JSC4. Results showed that optimal cell growth was obtained under white light and a temperature of 35 °C, while the optimal lutein content was obtained under blue light and a lower temperature of 20-25 °C. The best lutein production occurred when using a mixing ratio of 3:1 (white light: blue light). Strategies related to light quality and temperature (namely, temperature-gradient and two-stage strategies) were then used to further improve lutein production. Among them, the two-stage strategy proved to be effective markedly improving lutein content from 2.52 to 4.24 mg/g and resulting in the highest lutein productivity of 3.25 mg/L/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xurui Zhao
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Ruijuan Ma
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Youping Xie
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
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Giordano E, Quadro L. Lutein, zeaxanthin and mammalian development: Metabolism, functions and implications for health. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 647:33-40. [PMID: 29654731 PMCID: PMC5949277 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that nutrition during critical periods in early development, both pre- and postnatal, may have lifetime consequences in determining health or onset of major diseases in the adult life. Dietary carotenoids have shown beneficial health effects throughout the life cycle due to their potential antioxidant properties, their ability to serves as precursors of vitamin A and to the emerging signaling functions of their metabolites. The non-provitamin A carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin are emerging as important modulators of infant and child visual and cognitive development, as well as critical effectors in the prevention and treatment of morbidity associated with premature births. This review provides a general overview of lutein and zeaxanthin metabolism in mammalian tissues and highlights the major advancements and remaining gaps in knowledge in regards to their metabolism and health effects during pre- and early post-natal development. Furthering our knowledge in this area of research will impact dietary recommendation and supplementation strategies aimed at sustaining proper fetal and infant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Giordano
- Department of Food Science; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research; New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Loredana Quadro
- Department of Food Science; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research; New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States.
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Hu J, Nagarajan D, Zhang Q, Chang JS, Lee DJ. Heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae for pigment production: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:54-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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