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Zhan J, Jin K, Xie R, Fan J, Tang Y, Chen C, Li H, Wang DW. AGO2 Protects Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Activating Mitochondrial Gene Translation. Circulation 2024; 149:1102-1120. [PMID: 38126189 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.065546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is associated with cardiovascular complications. microRNAs translocate into subcellular organelles to modify genes involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, functional properties of subcellular AGO2 (Argonaute2), a core member of miRNA machinery, remain elusive. METHODS We elucidated the function and mechanism of subcellular localized AGO2 on mouse models for diabetes and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Recombinant adeno-associated virus type 9 was used to deliver AGO2 to mice through the tail vein. Cardiac structure and functions were assessed by echocardiography and catheter manometer system. RESULTS AGO2 was decreased in mitochondria of diabetic cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of mitochondrial AGO2 attenuated diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction. AGO2 recruited TUFM, a mitochondria translation elongation factor, to activate translation of electron transport chain subunits and decrease reactive oxygen species. Malonylation, a posttranslational modification of AGO2, reduced the importing of AGO2 into mitochondria in diabetic cardiomyopathy. AGO2 malonylation was regulated by a cytoplasmic-localized short isoform of SIRT3 through a previously unknown demalonylase function. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that the SIRT3-AGO2-CYTB axis links glucotoxicity to cardiac electron transport chain imbalance, providing new mechanistic insights and the basis to develop mitochondria targeting therapies for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Zhan
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z., K.J., R.X., J.F., Y.T., C.C., H.L., D.W.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China (J.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Medical University, China (J.Z.)
| | - Kunying Jin
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z., K.J., R.X., J.F., Y.T., C.C., H.L., D.W.W.)
| | - Rong Xie
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z., K.J., R.X., J.F., Y.T., C.C., H.L., D.W.W.)
| | - Jiahui Fan
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z., K.J., R.X., J.F., Y.T., C.C., H.L., D.W.W.)
| | - Yuyan Tang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z., K.J., R.X., J.F., Y.T., C.C., H.L., D.W.W.)
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z., K.J., R.X., J.F., Y.T., C.C., H.L., D.W.W.)
| | - Huaping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z., K.J., R.X., J.F., Y.T., C.C., H.L., D.W.W.)
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z., K.J., R.X., J.F., Y.T., C.C., H.L., D.W.W.)
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Shi H, Cui W, Qin Y, Chen L, Yu T, Lv J. A glimpse into novel acylations and their emerging role in regulating cancer metastasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:76. [PMID: 38315203 PMCID: PMC10844364 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05104-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer is a major cause of cancer-related mortality; however, the complex regulation process remains to be further elucidated. A large amount of preliminary investigations focus on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in cancer metastasis. Notably, the posttranslational modifications were found to be critically involved in malignancy, thus attracting considerable attention. Beyond acetylation, novel forms of acylation have been recently identified following advances in mass spectrometry, proteomics technologies, and bioinformatics, such as propionylation, butyrylation, malonylation, succinylation, crotonylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, lactylation, among others. These novel acylations play pivotal roles in regulating different aspects of energy mechanism and mediating signal transduction by covalently modifying histone or nonhistone proteins. Furthermore, these acylations and their modifying enzymes show promise regarding the diagnosis and treatment of tumors, especially tumor metastasis. Here, we comprehensively review the identification and characterization of 11 novel acylations, and the corresponding modifying enzymes, highlighting their significance for tumor metastasis. We also focus on their potential application as clinical therapeutic targets and diagnostic predictors, discussing the current obstacles and future research prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Shi
- Clinical Laboratory, The Rizhao People's Hospital Affiliated to Jining Medical University, No. 126 Taian Road, Rizhao, 276826, Shandong, China
| | - Weigang Cui
- Central Laboratory, The Rizhao People's Hospital Affiliated to Jining Medical University, No. 126 Taian Road, Rizhao, 276826, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Clinical Laboratory, The Rizhao People's Hospital Affiliated to Jining Medical University, No. 126 Taian Road, Rizhao, 276826, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, The Rizhao People's Hospital Affiliated to Jining Medical University, No. 126 Taian Road, Rizhao, 276826, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China.
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Jie Lv
- Clinical Laboratory, The Rizhao People's Hospital Affiliated to Jining Medical University, No. 126 Taian Road, Rizhao, 276826, Shandong, China.
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3
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Panja S, Nahomi RB, Rankenberg J, Michel CR, Gaikwad H, Nam M, Nagaraj RH. Aggrelyte-2 promotes protein solubility and decreases lens stiffness through lysine acetylation and disulfide reduction: Implications for treating presbyopia. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13797. [PMID: 36823285 PMCID: PMC10086532 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging proteins in the lens become increasingly aggregated and insoluble, contributing to presbyopia. In this study, we investigated the ability of aggrelyte-2 (N,S-diacetyl-L-cysteine methyl ester) to reverse the water insolubility of aged human lens proteins and to decrease stiffness in cultured human and mouse lenses. Water-insoluble proteins (WI) of aged human lenses (65-75 years) were incubated with aggrelyte-2 (500 μM) for 24 or 48 h. A control compound that lacked the S-acetyl group (aggrelyte-2C) was also tested. We observed 19%-30% solubility of WI upon treatment with aggrelyte-2. Aggrelyte-2C also increased protein solubility, but its effect was approximately 1.4-fold lower than that of aggrelyte-2. The protein thiol contents were 1.9- to 4.9-fold higher in the aggrelyte-2- and aggrelyte-2C-treated samples than in the untreated samples. The LC-MS/MS results showed Nε -acetyllysine (AcK) levels of 1.5 to 2.1 nmol/mg protein and 0.6 to 0.9 nmol/mg protein in the aggrelyte-2- and aggrelyte-2C-treated samples. Mouse (C57BL/6J) lenses (incubated for 24 h) and human lenses (incubated for 72 h) with 1.0 mM aggrelyte-2 showed significant decreases in stiffness with simultaneous increases in soluble proteins (human lenses) and protein-AcK levels, and such changes were not observed in aggrelyte-2C-treated lenses. Mass spectrometry of the solubilized protein revealed AcK in all crystallins, but more was observed in α-crystallins. These results suggest that aggrelyte-2 increases protein solubility and decreases lens stiffness through acetylation and disulfide reduction. Aggrelyte-2 might be useful in treating presbyopia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Panja
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sue Anschutz‐Rodgers Eye CenterUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusColoradoAuroraUSA
| | - Rooban B. Nahomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sue Anschutz‐Rodgers Eye CenterUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusColoradoAuroraUSA
| | - Johanna Rankenberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sue Anschutz‐Rodgers Eye CenterUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusColoradoAuroraUSA
| | - Cole R. Michel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Hanmant Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Mi‐Hyun Nam
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sue Anschutz‐Rodgers Eye CenterUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusColoradoAuroraUSA
| | - Ram H. Nagaraj
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sue Anschutz‐Rodgers Eye CenterUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusColoradoAuroraUSA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
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Zou L, Yang Y, Wang Z, Fu X, He X, Song J, Li T, Ma H, Yu T. Lysine Malonylation and Its Links to Metabolism and Diseases. Aging Dis 2023; 14:84-98. [PMID: 36818560 PMCID: PMC9937698 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malonylation is a recently identified post-translational modification with malonyl-coenzyme A as the donor. It conserved both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Recent advances in the identification and quantification of lysine malonylation by bioinformatic analysis have improved our understanding of its role in the regulation of protein activity, interaction, and localization and have elucidated its involvement in many biological processes. Malonylation has been linked to diverse physiological processes, including metabolic disorders, inflammation, and immune regulation. This review discusses malonylation in theory, describes the underlying mechanism, and summarizes the recent progress in malonylation research. The latest findings point to novel functions of malonylation and highlight the mechanisms by which malonylation regulates a variety of cellular processes. Our review also marks the association between lysine malonylation, the enzymes involved, and various diseases, and discusses promising diagnostic and therapeutic biomolecular targets for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zou
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiuxiu Fu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiangqin He
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jiayi Song
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Tianxiang Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Huibo Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Tao Yu, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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5
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Panja S, Gaikwad H, Rankenberg J, Nam MH, Nagaraj RH. Promotion of Protein Solubility and Reduction in Stiffness in Human Lenses by Aggrelyte-1: Implications for Reversing Presbyopia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032196. [PMID: 36768517 PMCID: PMC9917358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With aging, human lenses lose the ability to focus on nearby objects due to decreases in accommodative ability, a condition known as presbyopia. An increase in stiffness or decrease in lens elasticity due to protein aggregation and insolubilization are the primary reasons for presbyopia. In this study, we tested aggrelyte-1 (S,N-diacetyl glutathione diethyl ester) for its ability to promote protein solubility and decrease the stiffness of lenses through its dual property of lysine acetylation and disulfide reduction. Treatment of water-insoluble proteins from aged human lenses (58-75 years) with aggrelyte-1 significantly increased the solubility of those proteins. A control compound that did not contain the S-acetyl group (aggrelyte-1C) was substantially less efficient in solubilizing water-insoluble proteins. Aggrelyte-1-treated solubilized protein had significant amounts of acetyllysine, as measured by Western blotting and LC-MS/MS. Aggrelytes increased the protein-free thiol content in the solubilized protein. Aged mouse (7 months) and human (44-66 years) lenses treated with aggrelyte-1 showed reduced stiffness accompanied by higher free thiol and acetyllysine levels compared with those treated with aggrelyte-1C or untreated controls. Our results suggested that aggrelyte-1 reduced lens stiffness through acetylation followed by disulfide reduction. This proof-of-concept study paves the way for developing aggrelyte-1 and related compounds to reverse presbyopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Panja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Hanmant Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Johanna Rankenberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mi-Hyun Nam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ram H. Nagaraj
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-303–724-5922
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6
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Fu Y, Yu J, Li F, Ge S. Oncometabolites drive tumorigenesis by enhancing protein acylation: from chromosomal remodelling to nonhistone modification. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:144. [PMID: 35428309 PMCID: PMC9013066 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02338-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractMetabolites are intermediate products of cellular metabolism catalysed by various enzymes. Metabolic remodelling, as a biochemical fingerprint of cancer cells, causes abnormal metabolite accumulation. These metabolites mainly generate energy or serve as signal transduction mediators via noncovalent interactions. After the development of highly sensitive mass spectrometry technology, various metabolites were shown to covalently modify proteins via forms of lysine acylation, including lysine acetylation, crotonylation, lactylation, succinylation, propionylation, butyrylation, malonylation, glutarylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation and β-hydroxybutyrylation. These modifications can regulate gene expression and intracellular signalling pathways, highlighting the extensive roles of metabolites. Lysine acetylation is not discussed in detail in this review since it has been broadly investigated. We focus on the nine aforementioned novel lysine acylations beyond acetylation, which can be classified into two categories: histone acylations and nonhistone acylations. We summarize the characteristics and common functions of these acylation types and, most importantly, provide a glimpse into their fine-tuned control of tumorigenesis and potential value in tumour diagnosis, monitoring and therapy.
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7
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Rajeswaren V, Wong JO, Yabroudi D, Nahomi RB, Rankenberg J, Nam MH, Nagaraj RH. Small Heat Shock Proteins in Retinal Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:860375. [PMID: 35480891 PMCID: PMC9035800 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.860375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the latest findings on small heat shock proteins (sHsps) in three major retinal diseases: glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. A general description of the structure and major cellular functions of sHsps is provided in the introductory remarks. Their role in specific retinal diseases, highlighting their regulation, role in pathogenesis, and possible use as therapeutics, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Rajeswaren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jeffrey O. Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Dana Yabroudi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rooban B. Nahomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Johanna Rankenberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mi-Hyun Nam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Mi-Hyun Nam, ; Ram H. Nagaraj,
| | - Ram H. Nagaraj
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Mi-Hyun Nam, ; Ram H. Nagaraj,
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8
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Ding Q, Zhang Z, Li Y, Liu H, Hao Q, Yang Y, Ringø E, Olsen RE, Clarke JL, Ran C, Zhou Z. Propionate induces intestinal oxidative stress via Sod2 propionylation in zebrafish. iScience 2021; 24:102515. [PMID: 34142031 PMCID: PMC8188496 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionate and propionyl-CoA accumulation have been associated with the development of mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we show that propionate induces intestinal damage in zebrafish when fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The intestinal damage was associated with oxidative stress owing to compromised superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2) activity. Global lysine propionylation analysis of the intestinal samples showed that Sod2 was propionylated at lysine 132 (K132), and further biochemical assays demonstrated that K132 propionylation suppressed Sod2 activity. In addition, sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) played an important role in regulating Sod2 activity via modulating de-propionylation. Finally, we revealed that intestinal oxidative stress resulting from Sod2 propionylation contributed to compositional change of gut microbiota. Collectively, our results in this study show that there is a link between Sod2 propionylation and oxidative stress in zebrafish intestines and highlight the potential mechanism of intestinal problems associated with high propionate levels. Propionate supplementation in high-fat diet induces intestinal damage Propionate induces oxidative stress via Sod2 propionylation at 132 lysine site Increased Sod2 propionylation is associated with reduced expression of Sirt3 Intestinal oxidative stress alters gut microbiota composition
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Ding
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.,Norway-China Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Li
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yalin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Einar Ringø
- Norway-China Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Rolf Erik Olsen
- Norway-China Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | | | - Chao Ran
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Teixeira CSS, Cerqueira NMFSA, Gomes P, Sousa SF. A Molecular Perspective on Sirtuin Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228609. [PMID: 33203121 PMCID: PMC7696986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein acetylation of either the α-amino groups of amino-terminal residues or of internal lysine or cysteine residues is one of the major posttranslational protein modifications that occur in the cell with repercussions at the protein as well as at the metabolome level. The lysine acetylation status is determined by the opposing activities of lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) and lysine deacetylases (KDACs), which add and remove acetyl groups from proteins, respectively. A special group of KDACs, named sirtuins, that require NAD+ as a substrate have received particular attention in recent years. They play critical roles in metabolism, and their abnormal activity has been implicated in several diseases. Conversely, the modulation of their activity has been associated with protection from age-related cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and with increased longevity. The benefits of either activating or inhibiting these enzymes have turned sirtuins into attractive therapeutic targets, and considerable effort has been directed toward developing specific sirtuin modulators. This review summarizes the protein acylation/deacylation processes with a special focus on the current developments in the sirtuin research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S. S. Teixeira
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, BioSIM - Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (C.S.S.T.); (N.M.F.S.A.C.)
| | - Nuno M. F. S. A. Cerqueira
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, BioSIM - Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (C.S.S.T.); (N.M.F.S.A.C.)
| | - Pedro Gomes
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), University of Porto, R. Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sérgio F. Sousa
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, BioSIM - Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (C.S.S.T.); (N.M.F.S.A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-22-551-3600
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