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Pang L, Jiang X, Lian X, Chen J, Song EF, Jin LG, Xia ZY, Ma HC, Cai Y. Caloric restriction-mimetics for the reduction of heart failure risk in aging heart: with consideration of gender-related differences. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:33. [PMID: 35786219 PMCID: PMC9252041 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00389-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature is full of claims regarding the consumption of polyphenol or polyamine-rich foods that offer some protection from developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). This is achieved by preventing cardiac hypertrophy and protecting blood vessels through improving the function of endothelium. However, do these interventions work in the aged human hearts? Cardiac aging is accompanied by an increase in left ventricular hypertrophy, along with diastolic and systolic dysfunction. It also confers significant cardiovascular risks for both sexes. The incidence and prevalence of CVD increase sharply at an earlier age in men than women. Furthermore, the patterns of heart failure differ between sexes, as do the lifetime risk factors. Do caloric restriction (CR)-mimetics, rich in polyphenol or polyamine, delay or reverse cardiac aging equally in both men and women? This review will discuss three areas: (1) mechanisms underlying age-related cardiac remodeling; (2) gender-related differences and potential mechanisms underlying diminished cardiac response in older men and women; (3) we select a few polyphenol or polyamine rich compounds as the CR-mimetics, such as resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate and spermidine, due to their capability to extend health-span and induce autophagy. We outline their abilities and issues on retarding aging in animal hearts and preventing CVD in humans. We discuss the confounding factors that should be considered for developing therapeutic strategies against cardiac aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- Health Promotion Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xin Lian
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512000, Guangdong, China
| | - Er-Fei Song
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei-Gang Jin
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zheng-Yuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Chun Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yin Cai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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2
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Liu X, Bai X, Liu H, Hong Y, Cui H, Wang L, Xu W, Zhao L, Li X, Li H, Li X, Chen H, Meng Z, Lou H, Xu H, Lin Y, Du Z, Kopylov P, Yang B, Zhang Y. LncRNA LOC105378097 inhibits cardiac mitophagy in natural ageing mice. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e908. [PMID: 35758595 PMCID: PMC9235350 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of heart ageing is the main cause of chronic disability, disease and death in the elderly. Ample evidence has established a pivotal role for significantly reduced mitophagy in the ageing heart. However, the underlying mechanisms of mitophagy deficiency in ageing heart are little known. The present study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of lncRNA LOC105378097 (Senescence-Mitophagy Associated LncRNA, lncR-SMAL) actions on mitophagy in the setting of heart ageing. METHODS The expression of lncR-SMAL was measured in serum from different ages of human and heart from different ages of mice through a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effects of lncR-SMAL on heart function of mice were assessed by echocardiography and pressure-volume measurements system. Cardiac senescence was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining, senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, flow cytometry and western blot analysis of expression of ageing related markes p53 and p21. Cardiomyocyte mitophagy was assessed by western blot, mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus particles transfection and mito-Keima staining. Interaction between lncR-SMAL and Parkin was validated through molecular docking, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assay. Ubiquitination assay was performed to explore the molecular mechanism of Parkin inhibition. The effects of lncR-SMAL on mitochondrial function were investigated through electron microscopic examination, JC-1 staining and oxygen consumption rates analysis. RESULTS The heart-enriched lncR-SMAL reached the expression crest in the serum of human at an age of 60. Exogenously overexpression of lncRNA SMAL deteriorated cardiac function exactly as natural ageing and inhibited the associated cardiomyocytes mitophagy by depressing Parkin protein level. Improved heart ageing and mitophagy caused by Parkin overexpression were reversed by lncR-SMAL in mice. In contrast, the loss of lncR-SMAL in AC16 cells induced the upregulation of Parkin protein and ameliorated mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in alleviated cardiac senescence. Besides, we found the interaction between lncR-SMAL and Parkin protein through computational docking analysis, pull-down and RIP assay. This would contribute to the promotive effect of lncR-SMAL on Parkin ubiquitination and decrease Parkin protein stability. CONCLUSIONS The present study for the first time demonstrates a heart-enriched lncRNA, SMAL, that inhibits the mitophagy of cardiomyocytes via the downregulation of Parkin protein, which further contributes to heart ageing and cardiac dysfunction in natural ageing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid ZoneChinese Academy of Medical SciencesHarbinChina
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yang Hong
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Hao Cui
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Wanqing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Limin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xiaohan Li
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Ziyu Meng
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Han Lou
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Henghui Xu
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Philipp Kopylov
- Department of Preventive and Emergency CardiologySechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Melbourne School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineDentistry and Health Sciences University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid ZoneChinese Academy of Medical SciencesHarbinChina
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid ZoneChinese Academy of Medical SciencesHarbinChina
- Institute of Metabolic DiseaseHeilongjiang Academy of Medical ScienceHarbinChina
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3
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Li HM, Liu X, Meng ZY, Wang L, Zhao LM, Chen H, Wang ZX, Cui H, Tang XQ, Li XH, Han WN, Bai X, Lin Y, Liu H, Zhang Y, Yang BF. Kanglexin delays heart aging by promoting mitophagy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:613-623. [PMID: 34035486 PMCID: PMC8888756 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart aging is characterized by structural and diastolic dysfunction of the heart. However, there is still no effective drug to prevent and treat the abnormal changes in cardiac function caused by aging. Here, we present the preventive effects of emodin and its derivative Kanglexin (KLX) against heart aging. We found that the diastolic dysfunction and cardiac remodeling in mice with D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging were markedly mitigated by KLX and emodin. In addition, the senescence of neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes induced by D-gal was also reversed by KLX and emodin treatment. However, KLX exhibited better anti-heart aging effects than emodin at the same dose. Dysregulated mitophagy was observed in aging hearts and in senescent neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes, and KLX produced a greater increase in mitophagy than emodin. The mitophagy-promoting effects of KLX and emodin were ascribed to their abilities to enhance the protein stability of Parkin, a key modulator in mitophagy, with different potencies. Molecular docking and SPR analysis demonstrated that KLX has a higher affinity for the ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain of Parkin than emodin. The UBL domain might contribute to the stabilizing effects of KLX on Parkin. In conclusion, this study identifies KLX and emodin as effective anti-heart aging drugs that activate Parkin-mediated mitophagy and outlines their putative therapeutic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-min Li
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Xin Liu
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Zi-yu Meng
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Lei Wang
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Li-min Zhao
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Hui Chen
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Zhi-xia Wang
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Hao Cui
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Xue-qing Tang
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Xiao-han Li
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Wei-na Han
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Xue Bai
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Yuan Lin
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Heng Liu
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China. .,Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China. .,Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Bao-feng Yang
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China ,Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086 China ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Melbourne School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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4
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Messerer J, Wrede C, Schipke J, Brandenberger C, Abdellatif M, Eisenberg T, Madeo F, Sedej S, Mühlfeld C. Spermidine supplementation influences mitochondrial number and morphology in the heart of aged mice. J Anat 2021; 242:91-101. [PMID: 34958481 PMCID: PMC9773166 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with cardiac hypertrophy and progressive decline in heart function. One of the hallmarks of cellular aging is the dysfunction of mitochondria. These organelles occupy around 1/4 to 1/3 of the cardiomyocyte volume. During cardiac aging, the removal of defective or dysfunctional mitochondria by mitophagy as well as the dynamic equilibrium between mitochondrial fusion and fission is distorted. Here, we hypothesized that these changes affect the number of mitochondria and alter their three-dimensional (3D) characteristics in aged mouse hearts. The polyamine spermidine stimulates both mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, and these are associated with improved cardiac function and prolonged lifespan. Therefore, we speculated that oral spermidine administration normalizes the number of mitochondria and their 3D morphology in aged myocardium. Young (4-months old) and old (24-months old) mice, treated or not treated with spermidine, were used in this study (n = 10 each). The number of mitochondria in the left ventricles was estimated by design-based stereology using the Euler-Poincaré characteristic based on a disector at the transmission electron microscopic level. The 3D morphology of mitochondria was investigated by 3D reconstruction (using manual contour drawing) from electron microscopic z-stacks obtained by focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy. The volume of the left ventricle and cardiomyocytes were significantly increased in aged mice with or without spermidine treatment. Although the number of mitochondria was similar in young and old control mice, it was significantly increased in aged mice treated with spermidine. The interfibrillar mitochondria from old mice exhibited a lower degree of organization and a greater variation in shape and size compared to young animals. The mitochondrial alignment along the myofibrils in the spermidine-treated mice appeared more regular than in control aged mice, however, old mitochondria from animals fed spermidine also showed a greater diversity of shape and size than young mitochondria. In conclusion, mitochondria of the aged mouse left ventricle exhibited changes in number and 3D ultrastructure that is likely the structural correlate of dysfunctional mitochondrial dynamics. Spermidine treatment reduced, at least in part, these morphological changes, indicating a beneficial effect on cardiac mitochondrial alterations associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jil Messerer
- Institute of Functional and Applied AnatomyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Christoph Wrede
- Institute of Functional and Applied AnatomyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany,Research Core Unit Electron MicroscopyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Julia Schipke
- Institute of Functional and Applied AnatomyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease HannoverMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)HannoverGermany
| | - Christina Brandenberger
- Institute of Functional and Applied AnatomyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease HannoverMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)HannoverGermany
| | | | - Tobias Eisenberg
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria,Institute of Molecular BiosciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria,Field of Excellence BioHealth—University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Frank Madeo
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria,Institute of Molecular BiosciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria,Field of Excellence BioHealth—University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Simon Sedej
- Department of CardiologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria,BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria,Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MariborMariborSlovenia
| | - Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied AnatomyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany,Research Core Unit Electron MicroscopyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease HannoverMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)HannoverGermany
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5
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Chen Y, Guo Z, Li S, Liu Z, Chen P. Spermidine Affects Cardiac Function in Heart Failure Mice by Influencing the Gut Microbiota and Cardiac Galectin-3. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:765591. [PMID: 34926616 PMCID: PMC8674475 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.765591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermidine, which can be synthesized by the gut microbiota, can prevent cardiac hypertrophy and delay the progression to heart failure (HF). However, it is not clear whether the effect of spermidine on cardiac function is mediated by modulating the gut microbiota when HF occurs. Female HF Kunming mice induced by transverse aortic constriction were administered spermidine (HF+S group) or its antagonist (HF+SR group). Echocardiography, messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein expression of galectin-3 in the heart, cardiomyocyte apoptosis assays and gut microbiota analysis were detected. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume and diameter (LVVd and LVDd), and left ventricular end-systolic volume and diameter in the HF+SR group were significantly enlarged compared with those in the HF group (all P < 0.05). The HF+S group had a smaller LVDd and LVVd than the HF+SR group (5.01 ± 0.67 vs. 6.13 ± 0.45 mm, P = 0.033; 121.44 ± 38.74 vs. 189.94 ± 31.42 μL, P = 0.033). The messenger RNA and protein expression of galectin-3 and the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes increased significantly in the HF+SR group compared to the HF group. Gut microbiota analysis showed that spermidine antagonists reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and changed the microbial community richness and diversity. In conclusion, spermidine can improve cardiac function in HF, and the regulation of gut microbiota and cardiac fibrosis may be a factor in the effect of spermidine on the improvement of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqin Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaonan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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