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Moscatelli F, Monda A, Messina G, Picciocchi E, Monda M, Di Padova M, Monda V, Mezzogiorno A, Dipace A, Limone P, Messina A, Polito R. Exploring the Interplay between Bone Marrow Stem Cells and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2715. [PMID: 38473961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a complex disorder with rising global prevalence, is a chronic, inflammatory, and multifactorial disease and it is characterized by excessive adipose tissue accumulation and associated comorbidities. Adipose tissue (AT) is an extremely diverse organ. The composition, structure, and functionality of AT are significantly influenced by characteristics specific to everyone, in addition to the variability connected to various tissue types and its location-related heterogeneity. Recent investigation has shed light on the intricate relationship between bone marrow stem cells and obesity, revealing potential mechanisms that contribute to the development and consequences of this condition. Mesenchymal stem cells within the bone marrow, known for their multipotent differentiation capabilities, play a pivotal role in adipogenesis, the process of fat cell formation. In the context of obesity, alterations in the bone marrow microenvironment may influence the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells towards adipocytes, impacting overall fat storage and metabolic balance. Moreover, bone marrow's role as a crucial component of the immune system adds another layer of complexity to the obesity-bone marrow interplay. This narrative review summarizes the current research findings on the connection between bone marrow stem cells and obesity, highlighting the multifaceted roles of bone marrow in adipogenesis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenzo Moscatelli
- Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Telematic University, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Picciocchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Di Padova
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Exercise Sciences and Well-Being, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Mezzogiorno
- Department of Mental Health, Fisics and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Dipace
- Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Telematic University, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Limone
- Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Telematic University, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Polito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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Cabo CA, Fernandes O, Santos S, Parraca JA. Assessment of spatiotemporal characteristics of gait, trough the Phyphox® app: a case series. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:535. [PMID: 38155350 PMCID: PMC10755936 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-04296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spatiotemporal characteristics from human locomotion can provide effective clinical metrics to assess motor control and brain function. This case report aims to assess the temporal structure of variability in stride-to-stride time and calculated the intrinsic fractal frame that is hidden below the repetitive structure of physiological gait through the "Phyphox" app. This is an innovative study from the perspective of analyzing gait variables through a mobile app. CASE PRESENTATION Five older adults Caucasian (3 women; age = 73 ± 10,5 years; body mass = 62,2 ± 15,1 kg; height = 1,56 ± 0,1 m; 2 men; age = 75,5 ± 7,8 years; body mass = 86,3 ± 18,0 kg; height = 1,77 ± 0,1 m) participated in this study. Five participants were asked to walk with a natural cadence, two of the participants presented a value greater than 80 step's/minute (81.14 ± 0.01; 86.67 ± 0.02); and the others had values between 55 and 65 step's/minute (55.20 ± 0.02; 55.78 ± 0.05; 61.02 ± 0.05). Regarding the coefficient of variation, only one participant presented 10.08%. For the total number of steps, three of the participants had values greater than 1000 steps. The variability of these stride-to-stride time has been quantified through detrended fluctuation analysis; one participant presented a value above 1. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that a smartphone might provide a valid measure to assess the spatiotemporal characteristics of gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina A Cabo
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Largo Dos Colegiais 2, 7000-645, Évora, Portugal.
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, Largo Dos Colegiais 2, 7000-645, Évora, Portugal.
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504, Setúbal, Portugal.
| | - Orlando Fernandes
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Largo Dos Colegiais 2, 7000-645, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, Largo Dos Colegiais 2, 7000-645, Évora, Portugal
| | - Sara Santos
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Largo Dos Colegiais 2, 7000-645, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, Largo Dos Colegiais 2, 7000-645, Évora, Portugal
| | - Jose A Parraca
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Largo Dos Colegiais 2, 7000-645, Évora, Portugal.
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, Largo Dos Colegiais 2, 7000-645, Évora, Portugal.
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Efron PA, Brakenridge SC, Mohr AM, Barrios EL, Polcz VE, Anton S, Ozrazgat-Baslanti T, Bihorac A, Guirgis F, Loftus TJ, Rosenthal M, Leeuwenburgh C, Mankowski R, Moldawer LL, Moore FA. The persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome 10 years later. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2023; 95:790-799. [PMID: 37561664 PMCID: PMC10615691 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
With the implementation of new intensive care unit (ICU) therapies in the 1970s, multiple organ failure (MOF) emerged as a fulminant inflammatory phenotype leading to early ICU death. Over the ensuing decades, with fundamental advances in care, this syndrome has evolved into a lingering phenotype of chronic critical illness (CCI) leading to indolent late post-hospital discharge death. In 2012, the University of Florida (UF) Sepsis Critical Illness Research Center (SCIRC) coined the term Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Catabolism Syndrome (PICS) to provide a mechanistic framework to study CCI in surgical patients. This was followed by a decade of research into PICS-CCI in surgical ICU patients in order to define the epidemiology, dysregulated immunity, and long-term outcomes after sepsis. Other focused studies were performed in trauma ICU patients and emergency department sepsis patients. Early deaths were surprisingly low (4%); 63% experienced rapid recovery. Unfortunately, 33% progressed to CCI, of which 79% had a poor post-discharge disposition and 41% were dead within one year. These patients had biomarker evidence of PICS, and these biomarkers enhanced clinical prediction models for dismal one-year outcomes. Emergency myelopoiesis appears to play a central role in the observed persistent immune dysregulation that characterizes PICS-CCI. Older patients were especially vulnerable. Disturbingly, over half of the older CCI patients were dead within one year and older CCI survivors remained severely disabled. Although CCI is less frequent (20%) after major trauma, PICS appears to be a valid concept. This review will specifically detail the epidemiology of CCI, PICS biomarkers, effect of site of infection, acute kidney injury, effect on older patients, dysfunctional high-density lipoproteins, sarcopenia/cachexia, emergency myelopoiesis, dysregulated erythropoiesis, and potential therapeutic interventions. A review of UF SCIRC’s research efforts characterizing CCI, PICS biomarkers, effect of site of infection, acute kidney injury, effects on older patients, dysfunctional high-density lipoproteins, sarcopenia/cachexia, emergency myelopoiesis, and dysregulated erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Efron
- From the Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology (P.A.E., A.M.M., M.R.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, Department of Surgery (S.C.B.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Surgery (E.L.B., V.E.P., T.J.L., L.L.M., F.A.M.), Department of Physiology and Aging (S.A., C.L., R.M.), Department of Medicine (T.O.-B., A.B.), University of Florida, Gainesville; and Department of Emergency Medicine (F.G.), University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
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Kim H, Kim J, Ha J. Factors influencing mobility in community-dwelling older adults during the early COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1649. [PMID: 37641017 PMCID: PMC10464251 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In older adults, mobility is important for maintaining their independence and quality of life, and it influences their physical, cognitive, and social health. This study aimed to identify the physical and psychosocial factors that affected the mobility of community-dwelling older adults, aged 65 years or older, who were socially isolated during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic due to stay-at-home policies. METHODS The participants in this study were 214 community-dwelling older adults in Korea, and a cross-sectional survey was conducted from December 2020 to January 2021. Variables included participants' general characteristics, mobility, sitting time, depression, social support, and cognitive function. RESULTS Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the factors influencing older adults' mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic were depression (β=-0.29, p < .001), age (65-74 years old) (β = 0.19, p = .002), a lower level of education (β=-0.17, p = .006), two or more comorbidities (β=-0.18, p = .001), sitting time (β=-0.17, p = .004), and the ability to drive a vehicle (β = 0.14, p = .017). CONCLUSIONS Home healthcare interventions are needed to limit psychosocial issues and improve mobility for older adults who had limited mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyori Kim
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juah Kim
- Department of Nursing, Korean Bible University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ha
- College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Ajou University, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, 16499, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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An Active Retirement Programme, a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Sensorimotor Training Programme for Older Adults: A Study Protocol. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 11:healthcare11010086. [PMID: 36611545 PMCID: PMC9819127 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Research shows that exercise training programmes lead to several improvements in older adults' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and well-being. This study will examine the effects of an active retirement programme on Portuguese older adults, investigating its effects on body composition, physical fitness, HRQoL, and physical activity level (PAL). Therefore, a parallel-group randomised controlled trial will be conducted, including body composition (height and body weight), physical fitness (strength, flexibility, agility, postural control, and gait), HRQoL, and PAL assessments before and after the application of the programme. The programme will be carried out for six months, two days per week (45 min), plus a year of follow-up. The programme will consist of six circuits with eight physical exercises each. The circuits will change at the end of the four weeks (one monthly circuit). The exercises' difficulty will increase throughout the programme, with alternatives for all the participants. If the effectiveness of the programme is demonstrated, implementation in different services and municipalities could be advised, as the actors involved in health and social services should promote the well-being of their citizens through, among others, health-related physical activity and the prevention of diseases associated with inactivity.
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Kalu ME, Dal Bello-Haas V, Griffin M, Boamah SA, Harris J, Zaide M, Rayner D, Khattab N, Bhatt V, Goodin C, Song JW(B, Smal J, Budd N. Physical mobility determinants among older adults: a scoping review of self-reported and performance-based measures. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/21679169.2022.2153303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Kalu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Vanina Dal Bello-Haas
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Meridith Griffin
- Department of Health, Aging & Society, Faculty of Social Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sheila A. Boamah
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Harris
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Mashal Zaide
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Daniel Rayner
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Nura Khattab
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Vidhi Bhatt
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | | | - Justin Smal
- Manitoulin Physio Centre, M'Chigeeng, Canada
| | - Natalie Budd
- The Arthtitis and Sports Medicine Centre, Ancaster, Canada
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Merchant RA, Izquierdo M, Woo J, Morley JE. Resilience and the Future. J Frailty Aging 2022; 11:339-341. [PMCID: PMC9589833 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2022.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reshma A. Merchant
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Singapore, 119228 Singapore ,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Rd., NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore, 19228 Singapore
| | - M. Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)- Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain ,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Woo
- Jockey Club Institute of Ageing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China ,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - J. E. Morley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1008 S. Spring Ave., 2nd Floor, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 USA
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Amaya V, Moulaert T, Gwiazdzinski L, Vuillerme N. Assessing and Qualifying Neighborhood Walkability for Older Adults: Construction and Initial Testing of a Multivariate Spatial Accessibility Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031808. [PMID: 35162830 PMCID: PMC8834981 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Population aging and urban development pose major challenges for societies today. Joining the literature assessing urban accessibility, the present exploratory research developed a multivariate accessibility model based on four independent variables—related to formal and structural urban space—that influence walkability for older adults (pedestrian network; facilities and shops; public benches; and slopes and gradients). The model used ArcGIS software. For the accessibility calculations, we selected two suburban neighborhoods in the conurbation of Grenoble (France) and selected three types of older adults’ profiles to reflect the variety of aging: an older adult in good health, an older adult with a chronic disease, and an older adult with reduced mobility. The results suggest that the accessibility of a neighborhood depends not only on its physical and urban characteristics, but it is also influenced by the physical and health characteristics of its inhabitants. The originality of the model lies mainly in its ability to estimate the spatial accessibility of a territory by taking into account, firstly, objective data such as the physical characteristics and the built environment of the neighborhood through objectification variables that consider such original variables as the presence of benches or the slopes and gradients and, secondly, specific data such as the physical and/or health characteristics of the study population. The measurement of geospatial accessibility could be of great value for public health in urban contexts, which is why relevant tools and methodologies are needed to objectively examine and intervene in public spaces in order to make them age-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valkiria Amaya
- AGEIS (Autonomie, Gérontologie, E-santé, Imagerie et Société), Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
- PACTE (Laboratoire de Sciences Sociales), Sciences Po Grenoble, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence: (V.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Thibauld Moulaert
- PACTE (Laboratoire de Sciences Sociales), Sciences Po Grenoble, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence: (V.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Luc Gwiazdzinski
- LRA (Laboratoire de Recherche en Architecture), École Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Toulouse, Université Fédérale de Toulouse, 31106 Toulouse, France;
| | - Nicolas Vuillerme
- AGEIS (Autonomie, Gérontologie, E-santé, Imagerie et Société), Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
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Cesari M, Azzolino D, LeBrasseur NK, Whitson H, Rooks D, Sourdet S, Angioni D, Fielding RA, Vellas B, Rolland Y, Andrieu S, Leheudre MA, Barcons N, Beliën A, de Souto Barreto P, Delannoy C, John G, Robledo LMG, Hwee D, Mariani J, Reshma M, Morley J, Pereira S, Erin Q, Michelle R, Rueda R, Tarasenko L, Tourette C, Van Maanen R, Waters DL. Resilience: Biological Basis and Clinical Significance - A Perspective Report from the International Conference on Frailty and Sarcopenia Research (ICFSR) Task Force. J Frailty Aging 2022; 11:342-347. [PMID: 36346720 PMCID: PMC9589704 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2022.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Resilience is a construct receiving growing attention from the scientific community in geriatrics and gerontology. Older adults show extremely heterogeneous (and often unpredictable) responses to stressors. Such heterogeneity can (at least partly) be explained by differences in resilience (i.e., the capacity of the organism to cope with stressors). The International Conference on Frailty and Sarcopenia Research (ICFSR) Task Force met in Boston (MA,USA) on April 20, 2022 to discuss the biological and clinical significance of resilience in older adults. The identification of persons with low resilience and the prompt intervention in this at-risk population may be critical to develop and implement preventive strategies against adverse events. Unfortunately, to date, it is still challenging to capture resilience, especially due to its dynamic nature encompassing biological, clinical, subjective, and socioeconomic factors. Opportunities to dynamically measure resilience were discussed during the ICFSR Task Force meeting, emphasizing potential biomarkers and areas of intervention. This article reports the results of the meeting and may serve to support future actions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cesari
- Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, University of Milan, Via Camaldoli 64, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | - D. Azzolino
- Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, University of Milan, Via Camaldoli 64, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | - N. K. LeBrasseur
- Robert and Arlene Kodod Center on Aging, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - H. Whitson
- Duke University School of Medicine & Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - D. Rooks
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., Cambridge, USA
| | - S. Sourdet
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire de Toulouse, Inserm 1295, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - D. Angioni
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire de Toulouse, Inserm 1295, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - R. A. Fielding
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA USA
| | - B. Vellas
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire de Toulouse, Inserm 1295, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Y. Rolland
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire de Toulouse, Inserm 1295, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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10
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Mey GM, Mey JT. Emerging Nutrition Approaches to Support the Mind and Muscle for Healthy Aging. RECENT PROGRESS IN NUTRITION 2022; 2:10.21926/rpn.2204022. [PMID: 36686500 PMCID: PMC9850802 DOI: 10.21926/rpn.2204022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review highlights recent advances and ongoing trials using nutrition approaches for healthy aging. Focus will be placed on nutrition therapies that target cognition ("the mind") and mobility ("the muscle"), both critical components to maintaining a high quality of life for older adults. For "the mind," two seemingly incongruent therapies are being investigated to improve cognition-the MIND diet (high in carbohydrates and anti-oxidant fruits and vegetables) and the ketogenic diet (low in carbohydrates, high in fats). For "the muscle," a focus on protein and energy intake has dominated the literature, yet a recent clinical trial supports the use of whole-grains as a tool to improve whole-body protein turnover-a primary regulator of lean body mass and muscle. Finally, emerging data and clinical trials on caloric restriction have solidified this strategy as the only nutritional approach to slow intrinsic factors of whole-body aging, which may positively impact both "the mind" and "the muscle."
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Mey
- Lerner Research Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195 USA
| | - Jacob T Mey
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808 USA,Correspondence: Jacob T Mey;
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Hidalgo-Liberona N, Meroño T, Zamora-Ros R, Rabassa M, Semba R, Tanaka T, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L, Andres-Lacueva C, Cherubini A. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet assessed by a novel dietary biomarker score and mortality in older adults: the InCHIANTI cohort study. BMC Med 2021; 19:280. [PMID: 34814922 PMCID: PMC8611910 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary biomarkers may complement dietary intake assessment made by dietary questionnaires. We developed an a-posteriori dietary biomarkers score based on Mediterranean diet food groups and evaluated its association with mortality. METHODS 642 participants (56% female), aged ≥65 years, with complete data on dietary biomarkers were followed during 20 years in the InCHIANTI cohort study (Tuscany, Italy). The main outcomes were all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. Dietary biomarkers were selected from literature and from correlation analyses with dietary intakes of Mediterranean diet food groups in the study. The baseline levels of the following dietary biomarkers were chosen: urinary total polyphenols and resveratrol metabolites, and plasma carotenoids, selenium, vitamin B12, linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, and the mono-unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio. Associations of the Mediterranean diet score using dietary biomarkers and a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (as tertiles) with mortality were assessed through Cox regression. RESULTS During the 20-year follow-up [median (Q1-Q3), 14 (8-18) years], and 435 deaths occurred (139 from cardiovascular diseases and 89 from cancer-related causes). In the fully adjusted models, the dietary biomarker-Mediterranean diet score was inversely associated with all-cause (HRT3vs.T1 0.72; 95%CI 0.56-0.91) and cardiovascular (HRT3vs.T1 0.60; 95%CI 0.38-0.93), but not with cancer mortality. Associations between the FFQ-Mediterranean diet score and mortality were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS A greater adherence at baseline to a Mediterranean diet assessed by a dietary biomarker score was associated with a lower risk of mortality in older adults during a 20-year follow-up. The measurement of dietary biomarkers may contribute to guide individualized dietary counseling to older people. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01331512.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hidalgo-Liberona
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Meroño
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Zamora-Ros
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Rabassa
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cristina Andres-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Cherubini
- Geriatria, Accettazione Geriatrica e Centro di Ricerca per l'invecchiamento, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
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Yamada K, Yamaguchi S, Ito YM, Ohe T. Factors associated with mobility decrease leading to disability: a cross-sectional nationwide study in Japan, with results from 8681 adults aged 20-89 years. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:651. [PMID: 34798834 PMCID: PMC8603520 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mobility decrease leading to disability can gradually develop during early life, however, its related factors are not well clarified. Therefore, we investigate the related factors of mobility decrease at various levels, using nationwide data in Japan. Methods In total, 8681 independent community dwellers aged 20-89 years were analysed (average age, 51.6 years; 58.5% women). Three stages of mobility decrease were based on the locomotive syndrome risk test: Stage 1, emerging; Stage 2, progressing; Stage 3, progressed to restrict social engagement. Age was analysed using a simple quadratic function model. Results The prevalence of Stages 1-3 was 31.6% (n = 2746), 5.8% (n = 504), and 3.2% (n = 278), respectively. On the multivariable logistic regression, increased age in participants aged ≥40 years (stage 1: odds ratio[OR] 1.05-1.20, stage 2: OR 1.04-1.22, stage 3: OR 1.05-1.22), female (stage 1: OR 2.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.99-2.61, stage 2: OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.77-3.25, stage 3: OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.19-2.72), overweight status (stage 1: OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.34-1.82, stage 2: OR 3.19, 95% CI 2.38-4.27, stage 3: OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.90-4.32), hypertension (stage 1: OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.01-1.41, stage 2: OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.49-2.64, stage 3: OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.44-3.05), and diabetes mellitus (stage 1: OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.17-2.24, stage 2: OR 1.57, 95% CI 0.93-2.66, stage 3: OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.13-3.90) were positively associated. The frequency of physical activity/sports, even a few per month, was inversely associated with all stages (stage 1: OR 0.59-0.72, stage 2: OR 0.50-0.67, stage 3: 0.36-0.53). A one-year increase in age had a stronger impact on mobility decrease in older adults than in younger ones. Increased age in participants aged < 40 years and smoking were associated with Stage 1, while intake of various foods was inversely associated with Stages 1 and 2. Conclusion Increased age (< 40 years) was associated with emerging mobility decrease, while that (≥ 40 years) was associated with any levels of mobility decrease. Female, lifestyle habits, including physical activities and overweight status, were associated with mobility decrease at every level. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-021-02600-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Yamada
- Departments of Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Planning, Information and Management, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Collage of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoichi M Ito
- Data Science Center, Promotion Unit, Institute of Health Science Innovation for Medical Care, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 14-Jyo Nishi 5-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohe
- Department of Orhtopaedic Surgery, NTT Medical Center, 5-19-22, Higashigotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Traylor DA, Kamal M, Nunes EA, Prior T, Gorissen SHM, Lees M, Gesel F, Lim C, Phillips SM. Consumption of High-Leucine-Containing Protein Bar Following Breakfast Impacts Aminoacidemia and Subjective Appetite in Older Persons. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab080. [PMID: 34104852 PMCID: PMC8178109 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data are available examining dietary interventions for optimizing protein and leucine intake to stimulate muscle protein synthesis (MPS) in older humans. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the aminoacidemia and appetite responses of older adults after consuming breakfast, a meal frequently consumed with high-carbohydrate and below-par amounts of protein and leucine for stimulating MPS. METHODS Five men and 3 women (means ± SD; age: 74 ± 7 y, BMI: 25.7 ± 4.9 kg/m2, fat- and bone-free mass: 63 ± 7 kg) took part in this experiment in which they consumed breakfasts with low-protein (LP = 13 ± 2 g), high-protein (HP = 32 ± 5 g), and LP followed by a protein- and leucine-enriched bar formulation 2 h later (LP + Bar = 29 ± 2 g). The LP, HP, and LP + Bar breakfast conditions contained 519 ± 86 kcal, 535 ± 83 kcal, and 739 ± 86 kcal, respectively. Blood samples were drawn for 6 h and analyzed for amino acid, insulin, and glucose concentrations. Visual analog scales were assessed for hunger, fullness, and desire to eat. RESULTS The net AUC for essential amino acid (EAA) exposure was similar between the LP + Bar and HP conditions but greater in the HP condition compared with the LP condition. Peak leucinemia was higher in the LP + Bar condition compared with the HP, and both were greater than the LP condition. Net leucine exposure was similar between HP and LP + Bar, and both were greater than LP. Hunger was similarly reduced in LP + Bar and HP, and LP + Bar resulted in a greater hunger reduction than LP. Both LP + Bar and HP resulted in greater net fullness scores than LP. CONCLUSIONS Consuming our bar formulation increased blood leucine availability and net exposure to EAAs to a similar degree as consuming a high-protein meal. High-protein at breakfast results in a greater net exposure to EAAs and leucine, which could support MPS in older persons. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03712761.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Traylor
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Kamal
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Everson A Nunes
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa-Catarina, Brazil
| | - Todd Prior
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan H M Gorissen
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Lees
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Fran Gesel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of New Hampshire,
Durham, NH, USA
| | - Changhyun Lim
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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