1
|
Fan YY, Li Y, Tian XY, Wang YJ, Huo J, Guo BL, Chen R, Yang CH, Li Y, Zhang HF, Niu BL, Zhang MS. Delayed Chronic Acidic Postconditioning Improves Poststroke Motor Functional Recovery and Brain Tissue Repair by Activating Proton-Sensing TDAG8. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:620-635. [PMID: 36853417 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Acidic postconditioning by transient CO2 inhalation applied within minutes after reperfusion has neuroprotective effects in the acute phase of stroke. However, the effects of delayed chronic acidic postconditioning (DCAPC) initiated during the subacute phase of stroke or other acute brain injuries are unknown. Mice received daily DCAPC by inhaling 5%/10%/20% CO2 for various durations (three cycles of 10- or 20-min CO2 inhalation/10-min break) at days 3-7, 7-21, or 3-21 after photothrombotic stroke. Grid-walk, cylinder, and gait tests were used to assess motor function. DCAPC with all CO2 concentrations significantly promoted motor functional recovery, even when DCAPC was delayed for 3-7 days. DCAPC enhanced the puncta density of GAP-43 (a marker of axon growth and regeneration) and synaptophysin (a marker of synaptogenesis) and reduced the amoeboid microglia number, glial scar thickness and mRNA expression of CD16 and CD32 (markers of proinflammatory M1 microglia) compared with those of the stroke group. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) increased in response to DCAPC. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of TDAG8 (a proton-activated G-protein-coupled receptor) was increased during the subacute phase of stroke, while DCAPC effects were blocked by systemic knockout of TDAG8, except for those on CBF. DCAPC reproduced the benefits by re-expressing TDAG8 in the peri-infarct cortex of TDAG8-/- mice infected with HBAAV2/9-CMV-TDAG8-3flag-ZsGreen. Taken together, we first showed that DCAPC promoted functional recovery and brain tissue repair after stroke with a wide therapeutic time window of at least 7 days after stroke. Brain-derived TDAG8 is a direct target of DCAPC that induces neuroreparative effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ying Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Ying-Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jing Huo
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Bao-Lu Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Ru Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Cai-Hong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Hui-Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Bao-Long Niu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
| | - Ming-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hajjar S, Zhou X. pH sensing at the intersection of tissue homeostasis and inflammation. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:807-825. [PMID: 37714775 PMCID: PMC10543622 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
pH is tightly maintained at cellular, tissue, and systemic levels, and altered pH - particularly in the acidic range - is associated with infection, injury, solid tumors, and physiological and pathological inflammation. However, how pH is sensed and regulated and how it influences immune responses remain poorly understood at the tissue level. Applying conceptual frameworks of homeostatic and inflammatory circuitries, we categorize cellular and tissue components engaged in pH regulation, drawing parallels from established cases in physiology. By expressing various intracellular (pHi) and extracellular pH (pHe)-sensing receptors, the immune system may integrate information on tissue and cellular states into the regulation of homeostatic and inflammatory programs. We introduce the novel concept of resistance and adaptation responses to rationalize pH-dependent immunomodulation intertwined with homeostatic equilibrium and inflammatory control. We discuss emerging challenges and opportunities in understanding the immunological roles of pH sensing, which might reveal new strategies to combat inflammation and restore tissue homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hajjar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xu Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shi CS, Hu Q, Fang SL, Sun CX, Shao DH. MicroRNA-204-5p Ameliorates Neurological Injury via the EphA4/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Ischemic Stroke. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 37196241 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke has extremely high mortality and disability rates worldwide. miR-204-5p has been reported to be associated with neurological diseases. However, the relationship linking miR-204-5p to ischemic stroke and its molecular mechanism remain unclear. Herein, we found that expression of miR-204-5p was significantly decreased while EphA4 increased in vivo and vitro, which reached the peak at 24 h after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Then, we altered miR-204-5p expression in rats by cerebroventricular injection. Our study showed that miR-204-5p overexpression obviously reduced the brain infarction area and neurological score. We successfully cultured neurons to investigate the downstream mechanism. Upregulation of miR-204-5p increased cell viability and suppressed the release of LDH. Moreover, the proportion of apoptotic cells tested by TUNEL and flow cytometry and protein expression of Cleaved Caspase3 and Bax were inhibited. The relative expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β was repressed. In contrary, knockdown of miR-204-5p showed the opposite results. Bioinformatics and a dual luciferase assay illustrated that EphA4 was a target gene. Further research studies demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects of miR-204-5p could be partially mitigated by upregulating EphA4. Next, we proved that the miR-204-5p/EphA4 axis furtherly activated the PI3K/AKT pathway. We thoroughly illustrated the role of neuroinflammation and apoptosis. However, whether there are other mechanisms associated with the EphA4/PI3K/AKT pathway needs further investigation. Altogether, the miR-204-5p axis ameliorates neurological injury via the EphA4/PI3K/AKT pathway, which is expected to serve as an effective treatment for ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No.8 Dian Li Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Jiangsu, No.301 Xue Fu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No.8 Dian Li Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Shi-Lei Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No.8 Dian Li Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Cai-Xia Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No.8 Dian Li Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Dong-Hua Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No.8 Dian Li Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Extracellular proton concentration is at 40 nM when pH is 7.4. In disease conditions such as brain ischemia, proton concentration can reach µM range. To respond to this increase in extracellular proton concentration, the mammalian brain expresses at least three classes of proton receptors. Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are the main neuronal cationic proton receptor. The proton-activated chloride channel (PAC), which is also known as (aka) acid-sensitive outwardly rectifying anion channel (ASOR; TMEM206), mediates acid-induced chloride currents. Besides proton-activated channels, GPR4, GPR65 (aka TDAG8, T-cell death-associated gene 8), and GPR68 (aka OGR1, ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1) function as proton-sensitive G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Though earlier studies on these GPCRs mainly focus on peripheral cells, we and others have recently provided evidence for their functional importance in brain injury. Specifically, GPR4 shows strong expression in brain endothelium, GPR65 is present in a fraction of microglia, while GPR68 exhibits predominant expression in brain neurons. Here, to get a better view of brain acid signaling and its contribution to ischemic injury, we will review the recent findings regarding the differential contribution of proton-sensitive GPCRs to cerebrovascular function, neuroinflammation, and neuronal injury following acidosis and brain ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-ming Zha
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Xiang-ming Zha, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte St, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
| | - Zhi-Gang Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Roger P Simon
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Imenez Silva PH, Wagner CA. Physiological relevance of proton-activated GPCRs. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:487-504. [PMID: 35247105 PMCID: PMC8993716 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The detection of H+ concentration variations in the extracellular milieu is accomplished by a series of specialized and non-specialized pH-sensing mechanisms. The proton-activated G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) GPR4 (Gpr4), TDAG8 (Gpr65), and OGR1 (Gpr68) form a subfamily of proteins capable of triggering intracellular signaling in response to alterations in extracellular pH around physiological values, i.e., in the range between pH 7.5 and 6.5. Expression of these receptors is widespread for GPR4 and OGR1 with particularly high levels in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, respectively, while expression of TDAG8 appears to be more restricted to the immune compartment. These receptors have been linked to several well-studied pH-dependent physiological activities including central control of respiration, renal adaption to changes in acid–base status, secretion of insulin and peripheral responsiveness to insulin, mechanosensation, and cellular chemotaxis. Their role in pathological processes such as the genesis and progression of several inflammatory diseases (asthma, inflammatory bowel disease), and tumor cell metabolism and invasiveness, is increasingly receiving more attention and makes these receptors novel and interesting targets for therapy. In this review, we cover the role of these receptors in physiological processes and will briefly discuss some implications for disease processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Imenez Silva
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland. .,National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland. .,National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
GPR65 (TDAG8) inhibits intestinal inflammation and colitis-associated colorectal cancer development in experimental mouse models. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166288. [PMID: 34628032 PMCID: PMC8629932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
GPR65 (TDAG8) is a proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptor predominantly expressed in immune cells. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified GPR65 gene polymorphisms as an emerging risk factor for the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients with IBD have an elevated risk of developing colorectal cancer when compared to the general population. To study the role of GPR65 in intestinal inflammation and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), colitis and CAC were induced in GPR65 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS, respectively. Disease severity parameters such as fecal score, colon shortening, histopathology, and mesenteric lymph node enlargement were aggravated in GPR65 KO mice compared to WT mice treated with DSS. Elevated leukocyte infiltration and fibrosis were observed in the inflamed colon of GPR65 KO when compared to WT mice which may represent a cellular mechanism for the observed exacerbation of intestinal inflammation. In line with high expression of GPR65 in infiltrated leukocytes, GPR65 gene expression was increased in inflamed intestinal tissue samples of IBD patients compared to normal intestinal tissues. Moreover, colitis-associated colorectal cancer development was higher in GPR65 KO mice than WT mice when treated with AOM/DSS. Altogether, our data demonstrate that GPR65 suppresses intestinal inflammation and colitis-associated tumor development in murine colitis and CAC models, suggesting potentiation of GPR65 with agonists may have an anti-inflammatory therapeutic effect in IBD and reduce the risk of developing colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sisignano M, Fischer MJM, Geisslinger G. Proton-Sensing GPCRs in Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082050. [PMID: 34440817 PMCID: PMC8392051 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The group of proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) consists of the four receptors GPR4, TDAG8 (GPR65), OGR1 (GPR68), and G2A (GPR132). These receptors are cellular sensors of acidification, a property that has been attributed to the presence of crucial histidine residues. However, the pH detection varies considerably among the group of proton-sensing GPCRs and ranges from pH of 5.5 to 7.8. While the proton-sensing GPCRs were initially considered to detect acidic cellular environments in the context of inflammation, recent observations have expanded our knowledge about their physiological and pathophysiological functions and many additional individual and unique features have been discovered that suggest a more differentiated role of these receptors in health and disease. It is known that all four receptors contribute to different aspects of tumor biology, cardiovascular physiology, and asthma. However, apart from their overlapping functions, they seem to have individual properties, and recent publications identify potential roles of individual GPCRs in mechanosensation, intestinal inflammation, oncoimmunological interactions, hematopoiesis, as well as inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Here, we put together the knowledge about the biological functions and structural features of the four proton-sensing GPCRs and discuss the biological role of each of the four receptors individually. We explore all currently known pharmacological modulators of the four receptors and highlight potential use. Finally, we point out knowledge gaps in the biological and pharmacological context of proton-sensing GPCRs that should be addressed by future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sisignano
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Michael J. M. Fischer
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kang X, Jiang L, Chen X, Wang X, Gu S, Wang J, Zhu Y, Xie X, Xiao H, Zhang J. Exosomes derived from hypoxic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells rescue OGD-induced injury in neural cells by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. Exp Cell Res 2021; 405:112635. [PMID: 34051241 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes have been shown to have therapeutic potential for cerebral ischemic diseases. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of normoxic and hypoxic bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells-derived exosomes (N-BM-MSCs-Exo and H-BM-MSCs-Exo, respectively) on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) injury in mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells and rat primary cortical neurons. The proportions of dead cells in N2a and primary cortical neurons after OGD injury were significantly increased, and N-BM-MSCs-Exo (40 μg/ml) could reduce the ratios, noteworthily, the protective effects of H-BM-MSCs-Exo (40 μg/ml) were more potent. Western blotting analysis indicated that N-BM-MSCs-Exo decreased the expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, GSDMD-N, cleaved IL-1β and IL-18 in N2a cells. However, H-BM-MSCs-Exo (40 μg/ml) was more powerful in inhibiting the expression of these proteins in comparison with N-BM-MSCs-Exo. Similar results were obtained in primary cortical neurons. Immunofluorescence assays showed that after N-BM-MSCs-Exo and H-BM-MSCs-Exo treatment, the co-localization of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and the GSDMD translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and membrane after OGD injury were reduced in N2a cells and primary cortical neurons, and H-BM-MSCs-Exo had a more obvious effect. In addition, N-BM-MSCs-Exo and H-BM-MSCs-Exo significantly reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and the IL-18 levels in cell culture medium in N2a cells and primary cortical neurons. Once again H-BM-MSCs-Exo induced these effects more potently than N-BM-MSCs-Exo. All of these results demonstrated that N-BM-MSCs-Exo and H-BM-MSCs-Exo have significant neuroprotective effects against NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. H-BM-MSCs-Exo has a more pronounced protective effect than N-BM-MSCs-Exo and may be used to ameliorate the progression of cerebral ischemia and hypoxia injury in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Kang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China; Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Xufeng Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Shuangshuang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China; Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yuanhui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Xuexue Xie
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
T-cell death-associated gene 8 accelerates atherosclerosis by promoting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Atherosclerosis 2020; 297:64-73. [PMID: 32078831 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is a serious cardiovascular disease, featuring inflammation, abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). During atherosclerosis, inflammation may cause low pH. T-cell death-associated gene 8 (Tdag8) is a proton-sensing receptor, however, the role of Tdag8 in VSMCs remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of Tdag8 in VSMCs during atherosclerosis. METHODS We examined the expression of Tdag8 in an atherosclerotic model of high-fat-diet-fed ApoE-/- mice, while the role and mechanism of Tdag8 in phenotype transformation, proliferation and migration of VSMCs were investigated in a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments. RESULTS We first found that Tdag8 expression at the mRNA and protein level was significantly increased in atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice. Immunofluorescence staining showed that Tdag8 was primarily distributed in PCNA-positive VSMCs and the phenotype of VSMCs switching from contractile phenotype to synthetic phenotype. Additionally, the protein level of Tdag8 was upregulated in FBS-treated VSMCs. VSMCs proliferation and migration were inhibited by Tdag8 silencing and increased by Tdag8 overexpression. Further mechanistic studies showed that cAMP level was increased in Tdag8-overexpressing VSMCs and ApoE-/- mice. However, the PKA inhibitor H-89 reversed Tdag8-induced VSMC proliferation and migration. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that Tdag8 mediated phenotype transformation, proliferation and migration of VSMCs via the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, thus partially contributing to atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Krewson EA, Sanderlin EJ, Marie MA, Akhtar SN, Velcicky J, Loetscher P, Yang LV. The Proton-Sensing GPR4 Receptor Regulates Paracellular Gap Formation and Permeability of Vascular Endothelial Cells. iScience 2020; 23:100848. [PMID: 32058960 PMCID: PMC6997876 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR4 is a pH-sensing G protein-coupled receptor highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells and can be activated by protons in the inflamed tissue microenvironment. Herein, we report that acidosis-induced GPR4 activation increases paracellular gap formation and permeability of vascular endothelial cells through the Gα12/13/Rho GTPase signaling pathway. Evaluation of GPR4 in the inflammatory response using the acute hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion mouse model revealed that GPR4 mediates tissue edema, inflammatory exudate formation, endothelial adhesion molecule expression, and leukocyte infiltration in the inflamed tissue. Genetic knockout and pharmacologic inhibition of GPR4 alleviate tissue inflammation. These results suggest GPR4 is a pro-inflammatory receptor and could be targeted for therapeutic intervention. Acidosis/GPR4 regulates endothelial paracellular gap formation and permeability GPR4 exacerbates inflammation by increasing tissue edema and leukocyte infiltration Pharmacological inhibition of GPR4 reduces inflammatory responses
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Krewson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Edward J Sanderlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Mona A Marie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Shayan Nik Akhtar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Juraj Velcicky
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pius Loetscher
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Li V Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang XS, Yi TL, Zhang S, Xu ZW, Yu ZQ, Sun HT, Yang C, Tu Y, Cheng SX. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha is involved in RIP-induced necroptosis caused by in vitro and in vivo ischemic brain injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5818. [PMID: 28724891 PMCID: PMC5517428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis, a novel type of programmed cell death, is involved in stroke-induced ischemic brain injury. Although studies have sought to explore the mechanisms of necroptosis, its signaling pathway has not yet to be completely elucidated. Thus, we used oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models mimicking ischemic stroke (IS) conditions to investigate mechanisms of necroptosis. We found that OGD and MCAO induced cell death, local brain ischemia and neurological deficit, while zVAD-fmk (zVAD, an apoptotic inhibitor), GSK’872 (a receptor interacting protein kinase-3 (RIP3) inhibitor), and combined treatment alleviated cell death and ischemic brain injury. Moreover, OGD and MCAO upregulated protein expression of the triggers of necroptosis: receptor interacting protein kinase-1 (RIP1), RIP3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). The upregulation of these proteins was inhibited by GSK’872, combination treatments and RIP3 siRNA but not zVAD treatment. Intriguingly, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), an important transcriptional factor under hypoxic conditions, was upregulated by OGD and MCAO. Similar to their inhibitory effects on aforementioned proteins upregulation, GSK’872, combination treatments and RIP3 siRNA decreased HIF-1α protein level. These findings indicate that necroptosis contributes to ischemic brain injury induced by OGD and MCAO and implicate HIF-1α, RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL in necroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Sa Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Affiliated Hospital of the Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP), No. 220 ChengLin Road, HeDong District, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Tai-Long Yi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Affiliated Hospital of the Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP), No. 220 ChengLin Road, HeDong District, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Affiliated Hospital of the Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP), No. 220 ChengLin Road, HeDong District, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Xu
- Central Laboratory of Logistics University of PAP, No. 1 Huizhi Huan Road, DongLi District, Tianjin, 300393, China
| | - Ze-Qi Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Affiliated Hospital of the Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP), No. 220 ChengLin Road, HeDong District, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Hong-Tao Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Affiliated Hospital of the Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP), No. 220 ChengLin Road, HeDong District, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Affiliated Hospital of the Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP), No. 220 ChengLin Road, HeDong District, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Yue Tu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Affiliated Hospital of the Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP), No. 220 ChengLin Road, HeDong District, Tianjin, 300162, China.
| | - Shi-Xiang Cheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Affiliated Hospital of the Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP), No. 220 ChengLin Road, HeDong District, Tianjin, 300162, China.
| |
Collapse
|