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Ji XY, Guo YX, Wang LB, Wu WC, Wang JQ, He J, Gao R, Rasouli J, Gao MY, Wang ZH, Xiao D, Zhang WF, Ciric B, Zhang Y, Li X. Microglia-derived exosomes modulate myelin regeneration via miR-615-5p/MYRF axis. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:29. [PMID: 38246987 PMCID: PMC10801965 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Demyelination and failure of remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) characterize a number of neurological disorders. Spontaneous remyelination in demyelinating diseases is limited, as oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which are often present in demyelinated lesions in abundance, mostly fail to differentiate into oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells in the CNS. In addition to OPCs, the lesions are assembled numbers of activated resident microglia/infiltrated macrophages; however, the mechanisms and potential role of interactions between the microglia/macrophages and OPCs are poorly understood. Here, we generated a transcriptional profile of exosomes from activated microglia, and found that miR-615-5p was elevated. miR-615-5p bound to 3'UTR of myelin regulator factor (MYRF), a crucial myelination transcription factor expressed in oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Mechanistically, exosomes from activated microglia transferred miR-615-5p to OPCs, which directly bound to MYRF and inhibited OPC maturation. Furthermore, an effect of AAV expressing miR-615-5p sponge in microglia was tested in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination model, the classical mouse models of multiple sclerosis. miR-615-5p sponge effectively alleviated disease progression and promoted remyelination. This study identifies miR-615-5p/MYRF as a new target for the therapy of demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Ji
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Xin Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Bin Wang
- The Nervous System Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Ningxia, Yinchuan, 750001, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Javad Rasouli
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Meng-Yuan Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen-Hai Wang
- The Nervous System Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Ningxia, Yinchuan, 750001, China
| | - Dan Xiao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wei-Feng Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bogoljub Ciric
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China.
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Kaba M, Pirinççi N, Demir M, Kaba S, Oztuzcu S, Verep S. The relationship between microRNAs and bladder cancer: are microRNAs useful to predict bladder cancer in suspicious patients? Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:2483-2491. [PMID: 37338656 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies indicate that circulating micro RNAs (miRNAs) are novel class of non-invasive biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic information. We evaluated the miRNA expressions in bladder cancer (BC) and their associations with disease diagnosis. METHODS We profiled the expressions of 379 miRNAs in the plasma samples from patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) (n = 34) and non-malignant urological diseases as a control group (n = 32). Patients were evaluated regarding with age, miRNA expressions, by using descriptive statistics. miRNA expression in extracted RNA was quantified using the NanoString nCounter Digital Analyzer. RESULTS The analysis of plasma miRNA levels in the marker identification cohort indicated that plasma (miR-1260a, let-7a-3p miR-196b-5p, miR-196a-5p, miR-99a-5p, miR-615-5p, miR-4301, miR-28-3p, miR-4538, miR-1233-3p, miR-4732-5p, miR-1913, miR-1280) levels were increased in NMIBC patients compared to control subjects. There were no significant differences other parameters studied between groups. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of serum plasma miRNA (miR-1260a, let-7a-3p miR-196b-5p, miR-196a-5p, miR-99a-5p, miR-615-5p, miR-4301, miR-28-3p, miR-4538, miR-1233-3p, miR-4732-5p, miR-1913, miR-1280) levels could be useful plasma biomarkers for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kaba
- Department of Urology, Private Yuzyil Gebze Hospital, Sultan Orhan Mahallesi, Ilyasbey Cd. No:38, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Necip Pirinççi
- Department of Urology, Fırat University Medical Faculty, Elazıg, Turkey
| | - Murat Demir
- Department of Urology, Van Yuzuncuyil University Dursun Odabası Medical Center, Van, Turkey
| | - Sultan Kaba
- Department of Pediatry, Okan University Hospital, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Oztuzcu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Samed Verep
- Department of Urology, Private Yuzyil Gebze Hospital, Sultan Orhan Mahallesi, Ilyasbey Cd. No:38, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Zhu Y, Chen L, Song B, Cui Z, Chen G, Yu Z, Song B. Insulin-like Growth Factor-2 (IGF-2) in Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1557. [PMID: 36358907 PMCID: PMC9687531 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin family consists of insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), their receptors (IR, IGF-1R and IGF-2R), and their binding proteins. All three ligands are involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, protein synthesis and metabolism due to their homologous sequences and structural similarities. Insulin-like growth factor 2, a member of the insulin family, plays an important role in embryonic development, metabolic disorders, and tumorigenesis by combining with three receptors with different degrees of affinity. The main pathological feature of various fibrotic diseases is the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) after tissue and organ damage, which eventually results in organic dysfunction because scar formation replaces tissue parenchyma. As a mitogenic factor, IGF-2 is overexpressed in many fibrotic diseases. It can promote the proliferation of fibroblasts significantly, as well as the production of ECM in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This review aims to describe the expression changes and fibrosis-promoting effects of IGF-2 in the skin, oral cavity, heart, lung, liver, and kidney fibrotic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Baoqiang Song
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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El Sobky SA, Aboud NK, El Assaly NM, Fawzy IO, El-Ekiaby N, Abdelaziz AI. Regulation of lipid droplet (LD) formation in hepatocytes via regulation of SREBP1c by non-coding RNAs. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:903856. [PMID: 36203751 PMCID: PMC9530594 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.903856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Increased de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is one of the key factors contributing to fat accumulation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Among the critical transcription factors (TFs) regulating DNL is mTOR and its downstream lipogenic TF, SREBP1c. In recent years, it has been established that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play role in both biological processes and disease pathogenesis. Our group has previously characterized microRNAs that can target and regulate the expression of both mTOR and SREBP1c. Accordingly, this study aimed to broaden our understanding of the role of ncRNAs in regulating the mTOR/SREBP1c axis to elucidate the role of the non-coding transcriptome in DNL and lipid droplet (LD) formation. Hence, short ncRNA, miR-615-5p, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), H19, were chosen as they were previously proven to target mTOR by our group and in the published literature, respectively. Methodology Huh-7 cells were treated with 800 μM oleic acid (OA) to promote LD formation. Transfection of miR-615-5p mimics or H19 over-expression vectors was performed, followed by the measurement of their downstream targets, mTOR and SREBP, on the mRNA level by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and on the protein level by Western blot. To determine the functional impact of miR-615-5p and H19 on LD formation and triglyceride (TG) accumulation, post-transfection LDs were stained, imaged, and characterized, and TGs were extracted and quantified. Results miR-615-5p was able to reduce mTOR and SREBP1c significantly on both the mRNA and protein levels compared to control cells, while H19 caused a reduction of both targets on the protein level only. Both miR-615-5p and H19 were able to significantly reduce the LD count and total area, as well as TG levels compared to control cells. Conclusion To conclude, this study shows, for the first time, the impact of miR-615-5p and H19 on the mTOR/SREBP1c axis, and thus, their functional impact on LDs and TG accumulation. These findings might pave the way for using ncRNAs as potential therapeutic targets in the management of fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nihal M. El Assaly
- Clinical Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Injie O. Fawzy
- School of Medicine, Newgiza University (NGU), Giza, Egypt
| | - Nada El-Ekiaby
- School of Medicine, Newgiza University (NGU), Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Abdelaziz
- School of Medicine, Newgiza University (NGU), Giza, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ahmed I. Abdelaziz
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Hydroxyacid Oxidase 2 (HAO2) Inhibits the Tumorigenicity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Is Negatively Regulated by miR-615-5p. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:5003930. [PMID: 35528616 PMCID: PMC9071856 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5003930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common kind of cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer mortality. Although a few studies have shown that hydroxyacid oxidase 2 (HAO2) may prevent HCC development, the molecular mechanism is unclear. Methods We examined the levels of HAO2 expression in 23 pairs of HCC/paracancerous tissues by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and evaluated HAO2's expression in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Furthermore, we examined the biological activity of HAO2 utilizing cell-based functional assays. Additionally, we evaluated the relationship between miR-615-5p and HAO2 in Hep3B cells using a dual-luciferase reporter system and assessed the downstream regulatory mechanisms of miR-615-5p on HAO2. Finally, the nude mice tumor formation experiment was used to determine the impact of HAO2 on the tumorigenicity of HCC cells. Results HAO2 expression was considerably underexpression in HCC tissues and cells, and patients with low HAO2 expression had poorer disease-free survival. Inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion was observed when HAO2 was overexpressed. miR-615-5p had a negative relation with HAO2, and miR-615-5p restored HAO2's biological activity in HCC cells. Additionally, the tumor volume and weight were considerably reduced in the OV-HAO2 group compared to the OV-NC group. Conclusion HAO2 was found to be underexpressed in HCC tissues and cells, and HAO2 overexpression inhibited HCC cell motility, which was negatively regulated by miR-615-5p. Exogenous expression of HAO2 reduced the tumorigenicity of HCC cells in vivo in nude mice.
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Salah RA, Nasr MA, El-Derby AM, Abd Elkodous M, Mohamed RH, El-Ekiaby N, Osama A, Elshenawy SE, Hamad MHM, Magdeldin S, Gabr MM, Abdelaziz AI, El-Badri NS. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line-microenvironment induced cancer-associated phenotype, genotype and functionality in mesenchymal stem cells. Life Sci 2022; 288:120168. [PMID: 34826437 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown promise in liver cancer treatment. However, when MSCs are recruited to hepatic site of injury, they acquire cancerous promoting phenotype. AIMS To assess the influence of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironment on human adipose MSCs (hA-MSCs) and predict hA-MSCs intracellular miRNAs role. MATERIALS AND METHODS After indirect co-culturing with Huh-7 cells, hA-MSCs were characterized via cell cycle profile, proliferation and migration potentials by MTT and scratch assays respectively. Functional enrichment analysis of deregulated proteins and miRNA targets was also analyzed. KEY FINDINGS Co-cultured hA-MSCs could acquire a cancer-associated phenotype as shown by upregulation of CAF, cancer markers, and downregulation of differentiation markers. Migration of these cancer-associated cells was increased concomitantly with upregulation of adhesion molecules, but not epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers. Co-cultured cells showed increased proliferation confirmed by downregulation in cell percentage in G0/G1, G2/M and upregulation in S phases of cell cycle. Upregulation of miR-17-5p and 615-5p in co-cultured hA-MSCs was also observed. Functional enrichment analysis of dysregulated proteins in co-cultured hA-MSCs, including our selected miRNAs targets, showed their involvement in development of cancer-associated characteristics. SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests an interaction between tumor cells and surrounding stromal components to generate cancer associated phenotype of some CAF-like characteristics, known to favor cancer progression. This sheds the light on the use of hA-MSCs in HCC therapy. hA-MSCs modulation may be partially achieved via dysregulation of intracellular miR17-5P and 615-5p expression, suggesting an important role for miRNAs in HCC pathogenesis, and as a possible therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Ayman Salah
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Nasr
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Egypt
| | - Azza M El-Derby
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Egypt
| | - M Abd Elkodous
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Egypt
| | - Rania Hassan Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada El-Ekiaby
- School of Medicine NewGiza University (NGU), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya Osama
- Proteomics and metabolomics Research Program, Basic Research Department, Children Cancer Hospital Egypt, 57357 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shimaa E Elshenawy
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Egypt
| | | | - Sameh Magdeldin
- Proteomics and metabolomics Research Program, Basic Research Department, Children Cancer Hospital Egypt, 57357 Cairo, Egypt; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Gabr
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Nagwa S El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Egypt.
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Eisa NH, Sudharsan PT, Herrero SM, Herberg SA, Volkman BF, Aguilar-Pérez A, Kondrikov D, Elmansi AM, Reitman C, Shi X, Fulzele S, McGee-Lawrence ME, Isales CM, Hamrick MW, Johnson MH, Chen J, Hill WD. Age-associated changes in microRNAs affect the differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells: Novel role of miR-29b-1-5p expression. Bone 2021; 153:116154. [PMID: 34403754 PMCID: PMC8935397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Age-associated osteoporosis is widely accepted as involving the disruption of osteogenic stem cell populations and their functioning. Maintenance of the local bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is critical for regulating proliferation and differentiation of the multipotent BM mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (BMSC) population with age. The potential role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in modulating BMSCs and the BM microenvironment has recently gained attention. However, miRNAs expressed in rapidly isolated BMSCs that are naïve to the non-physiologic standard tissue culture conditions and reflect a more accurate in vivo profile have not yet been reported. Here we directly isolated CD271 positive (+) BMSCs within hours from human surgical BM aspirates without culturing and performed microarray analysis to identify the age-associated changes in BMSC miRNA expression. One hundred and two miRNAs showed differential expression with aging. Target prediction and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that the up-regulated miRNAs targeting genes in bone development pathways were considerably enriched. Among the differentially up-regulated miRNAs the novel passenger strand miR-29b-1-5p was abundantly expressed as a mature functional miRNA with aging. This suggests a critical arm-switching mechanism regulates the expression of the miR-29b-1-5p/3p pair shifting the normally degraded arm, miR-29b-1-5p, to be the dominantly expressed miRNA of the pair in aging. The normal guide strand miR-29b-1-3p is known to act as a pro-osteogenic miRNA. On the other hand, overexpression of the passenger strand miR-29b-1-5p in culture-expanded CD271+ BMSCs significantly down-regulated the expression of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (CXCL12)/ C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (SDF-1(CXCL12)/CXCR4) axis and other osteogenic genes including bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). In contrast, blocking of miR-29b-1-5p function using an antagomir inhibitor up-regulated expression of BMP-2 and RUNX2 genes. Functional assays confirmed that miR-29b-1-5p negatively regulates BMSC osteogenesis in vitro. These novel findings provide evidence of a pathogenic anti-osteogenic role for miR-29b-1-5p and other miRNAs in age-related defects in osteogenesis and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada H Eisa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Periyasamy T Sudharsan
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Sergio Mas Herrero
- Universitat de Barcelona, Unitat Farmacologia, Dpt. Fonaments Clínics, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samuel A Herberg
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States of America
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Biochemistry Department, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Aguilar-Pérez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine in Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon 00956, Puerto Rico
| | - Dmitry Kondrikov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America
| | - Ahmed M Elmansi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America
| | - Charles Reitman
- Department of Orthopaedics and Physical Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America
| | - Xingming Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Physical Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Maribeth H Johnson
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics and Data Science Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics and Data Science Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - William D Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America.
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Wu M, Kong C, Cai M, Huang W, Chen Y, Wang B, Liu X. Hsa_circRNA_002144 promotes growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer through regulating miR-615-5p/LARP1/mTOR pathway. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:601-610. [PMID: 33347535 PMCID: PMC8086769 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CircRNAs (circular RNAs), recently identified as a critical regulator in tumorigenesis, participate in CRC (colorectal cancer) growth. However, the role of hsa_circRNA_002144 in CRC was poorly understood. Firstly, hsa_circRNA_002144 showed significantly elevation in both of CRC tissues and cell lines, and suggested closely associated with poor prognosis in patients. Secondly, data from functional assays revealed that silence of hsa_circRNA_002144 inhibited CRC progression with reduced cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion, while enhanced cell apoptosis. In addition, in vivo CRC growth and metastasis were also suppressed by knockdown of hsa_circRNA_002144. However, CRC progression was promoted with over-expression of hsa_circRNA_002144. Thirdly, hsa_circRNA_002144 colocalized with miR-615-5p in the cytoplasm of CRC cells, and decreased miR-615-5p expression. Moreover, miR-615-5p could target LARP1 (La ribonucleoprotein 1, translational regulator). Lastly, the suppressive effects of hsa_circRNA_002144 knockdown on CRC progression were reversed by LARP1 over-expression. In conclusion, hsa_circRNA_002144 could sponge miR-615-5p to promote CRC progression through the regulation of LARP1, providing a therapeutic target for cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiong Wu
- Department of GynecologyXiuying District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China
| | - Cancan Kong
- Department of Endoscopy CenterXiuying District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China
| | - Manni Cai
- Department of GastroenterologyXiuying District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Xiuying District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Xiuying District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China
| | - Baochun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Xiuying District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Xiuying District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China
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Liang Z, Zhao B, Hou J, Zheng J, Xin G. CircRNA circ-OGDH (hsa_circ_0003340) Acts as a ceRNA to Regulate Glutamine Metabolism and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression by the miR-615-5p/PDX1 Axis. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:3041-3053. [PMID: 33854374 PMCID: PMC8039021 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s290088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNA hsa_circ_0003340 (circ-OGDH) has been uncovered to be involved in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progression. However, the mechanism by which circ-OGDH regulates ESCC progression is unclear. Methods Expression levels of circ-OGDH, microRNA (miR)-615-5p, and PDX1 (pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1) mRNA were evaluated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and cell cycle progression of ESCC cells were analyzed by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide), colony formation, flow cytometry, and transwell assays. Measurement of glutamine consumption, α-KG (α-ketoglutarate) production, and ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) content using corresponding kits. Protein levels were analyzed by Western blotting. The targeting relationship between circ-OGDH or PDX1 and miR-615-5p was verified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. The function of circ-OGDH in ESCC was confirmed by animal experiments. Results Circ-OGDH was upregulated in ESCC. Circ-OGDH inhibition reduced ESCC growth in vivo and accelerated cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, repressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and reduced cell glutamine metabolism in ESCC cells in vitro. MiR-615-5p was downregulated in ESCC, while PDX1 had an opposite result. Circ-OGDH sponged miR-615-5p to regulate PDX1 expression. MiR-615-5p inhibitor neutralized the repressive effect of circ-OGDH knockdown on malignancy and glutamine metabolism of ESCC cells. PDX1 overexpression counteracted the inhibitory impact of miR-615-5p mimic on malignancy and glutamine metabolism of ESCC cells. Conclusion Circ-OGDH sponged miR-615-5p to elevate PDX1 expression, thus elevating glutamine metabolism and promoting tumor growth in ESCC. The study offered evidence to support circ-OGDH as a promising target for ESCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongying Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoshan Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jishen Hou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxiong Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Xin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, People's Republic of China
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10
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Morishita A, Oura K, Tadokoro T, Fujita K, Tani J, Masaki T. MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030514. [PMID: 33572780 PMCID: PMC7866004 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently occurring cancers, and the prognosis for late-stage HCC remains poor. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of HCC is expected to improve outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding, single-stranded RNAs that regulate the expression of various target genes, including those in cancer-associated genomic regions or fragile sites in various human cancers. We summarize the central roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of HCC and discuss their potential utility as valuable biomarkers and new therapeutic agents for HCC. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the seventh most frequent cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Despite substantial advances in therapeutic strategies, the prognosis of late-stage HCC remains dismal because of the high recurrence rate. A better understanding of the etiology of HCC is therefore necessary to improve outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous, noncoding, single-stranded RNAs that modulate the expression of their target genes at the posttranscriptional and translational levels. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has frequently been detected in cancer-associated genomic regions or fragile sites in various human cancers and has been observed in both HCC cells and tissues. The precise patterns of aberrant miRNA expression differ depending on disease etiology, including various causes of hepatocarcinogenesis, such as viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms and the association of miRNAs with the pathogenesis of HCC of various etiologies. In the present review, we summarize the key mechanisms of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of HCC and emphasize their potential utility as valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as innovative therapeutic targets, in HCC diagnosis and treatment.
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11
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Cui X, Fu J, Luan J, Qi H, Jiao C, Ran M, Wang D, Hao X, Zhang Y, Kopp JB, Pi J, Zhou H. CircZNF609 is involved in the pathogenesis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis by sponging miR-615-5p. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 531:341-349. [PMID: 32800553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As a set of distinct syndromes, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most common cause of adult nephrotic syndrome with diverse mechanisms. We recently found that expression of the circular RNA circZNF609 is increased in renal biopsies of lupus nephritis patients. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether circZNF609 participates in the pathogenesis of FSGS in mice given Adriamycin. In FSGS mice, circZNF609 was upregulated while miR-615-5p was downregulated in FSGS mice analyzed by qPCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Expression of podocyte proteins Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) and podocin were decreased, while expression of collagen 1 (COL1) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) were increased on Western blotting. Renal circZNF609 levels were positively correlated and miR-615-5p levels were negatively correlated with the degree of podocyte injury and renal fibrosis. Importantly, circZNF609 and miR-615-5p co-localized to glomeruli and tubules on FISH. Perfect match seeds were found between circZNF609 and miR-615-5p and COL1 mRNA, leading us to explore mechanisms of circZNF609 in bovine serum albumin (BSA) stimulating HK-2 cells, which model the toxicity of proteinuria on tubular cells. In vitro studies, circZNF609 increased and miR-615-5p decreased after BSA treatment and were negatively correlated with each other. COL1 and TGF-β1 were both upregulated and negatively correlated with miR-615-5p. Lastly, circZNF609 expression increased in glomeruli and tubules of FSGS patient renal biopsies. We conclude that circZNF609 may play an important role in FSGS by sponging miR-615-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfei Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated First Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jingqi Fu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junjun Luan
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huimeng Qi
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Congcong Jiao
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengping Ran
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangnan Hao
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Jingbo Pi
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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12
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miR-615 Fine-Tunes Growth and Development and Has a Role in Cancer and in Neural Repair. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071566. [PMID: 32605009 PMCID: PMC7408929 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that function as epigenetic modulators regulating almost any gene expression. Similarly, other noncoding RNAs, as well as epigenetic modifications, can regulate miRNAs. This reciprocal interaction forms a miRNA-epigenetic feedback loop, the deregulation of which affects physiological processes and contributes to a great diversity of diseases. In the present review, we focus on miR-615, a miRNA highly conserved across eutherian mammals. It is involved not only during embryogenesis in the regulation of growth and development, for instance during osteogenesis and angiogenesis, but also in the regulation of cell growth and the proliferation and migration of cells, acting as a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter. It therefore serves as a biomarker for several types of cancer, and recently has also been found to be involved in reparative processes and neural repair. In addition, we present the pleiad of functions in which miR-615 is involved, as well as their multiple target genes and the multiple regulatory molecules involved in its own expression. We do this by introducing in a comprehensible way the reported knowledge of their actions and interactions and proposing an integral view of its regulatory mechanisms.
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13
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El-Maraghy SA, Adel O, Zayed N, Yosry A, El-Nahaas SM, Gibriel AA. Circulatory miRNA-484, 524, 615 and 628 expression profiling in HCV mediated HCC among Egyptian patients; implications for diagnosis and staging of hepatic cirrhosis and fibrosis. J Adv Res 2019; 22:57-66. [PMID: 31956442 PMCID: PMC6961223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulatory microRNAs have recently emerged as non-invasive and effective biomarkers for diagnosis of various diseases. Currently there is no reliable biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis or even staging of fibrotic and cirrhotic complications arising from HCV infection. This study aimed at investigating plasma miR-484, miR-524, miR-615-5p and miR-628-3p expression signatures in Egyptian patients with HCV mediated cirrhosis, fibrosis and HCC. Plasma miRNAs expressions in 168 samples [(40 healthy controls, 47 with HCV liver fibrosis, 40 with HCV-cirrhosis and 41 with HCV-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)] were quantified using RT-PCR. The studied miRNAs were differentially expressed among all participating groups. Plasma miR-484 levels exhibited significant downregulation in advanced fibrosis as compared to mild fibrosis and HCC. Moreover, miR-484 showed significant upregulation in HCC versus cirrhosis. Both miR-524-5p and miR-615-5p were upregulated in cirrhotic group as compared to controls. Differential expression between HCC and controls was noticeable in miR-524-5p. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis revealed promising diagnostic performance for miR-484 in discriminating late fibrosis from both mild fibrosis and HCC and also for miR-524 in distinguishing between cirrhosis and fibrosis. In conclusion, investigated miRNAs could serve as potential and sensitive biomarkers for staging, prognosis and early diagnosis of various HCV mediated hepatic disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ola Adel
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
- Center of Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Zayed
- Endemic Medicine Department and Hepatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ayman Yosry
- Endemic Medicine Department and Hepatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Saeed M. El-Nahaas
- Endemic Medicine Department and Hepatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Abdullah A. Gibriel
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
- Center of Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
- Corresponding author at: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE); Suez Rd, EL Sherouk City, Cairo Governorate 11837, Egypt.
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14
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Nasr MA, Salah RA, Abd Elkodous M, Elshenawy SE, El-Badri N. Dysregulated MicroRNA Fingerprints and Methylation Patterns in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Cancer Stem Cells, and Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:229. [PMID: 31681762 PMCID: PMC6811506 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the top causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Although HCC has been researched extensively, there is still a need for novel and effective therapeutic interventions. There is substantial evidence that initiation of carcinogenesis in liver cirrhosis, a leading cause of HCC, is mediated by cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs were also shown to be responsible for relapse and chemoresistance in several cancers, including HCC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute important epigenetic markers that regulate carcinogenesis by acting post-transcriptionally on mRNAs, contributing to the progression of HCC. We have previously shown that co-culture of cancer cells with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could induce the reprogramming of MSCs into CSC-like cells. In this review, we evaluate the available data concerning the epigenetic regulation of miRNAs through methylation and the possible role of this regulation in stem cell and somatic reprogramming in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Nasr
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Radwa Ayman Salah
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - M Abd Elkodous
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Shimaa E Elshenawy
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt
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15
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Mekky RY, El-Ekiaby N, El Sobky SA, Elemam NM, Youness RA, El-Sayed M, Hamza MT, Esmat G, Abdelaziz AI. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and miR-548m reduce HCV entry through repression of CD81 receptor in HCV cell models. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1587-1595. [PMID: 30949812 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant component in green tea extract, that has powerful antioxidant and antiviral effects. It has been previously reported to inhibit HCV entry via several mechanisms. Hence, this study aimed at further investigating the potential impact of EGCG on HCV entry through regulation of the expression of tetraspanin receptor CD81 by the novel predicted miR-548m. Liver biopsies were obtained from 29 HCV patients and 10 healthy controls for expression profiling. Huh7 cells were stimulated with EGCG and subsequently miR-548m expression was assessed. Naïve, HCV- ED43/JFH-1 and HCV-JFH-1 infected Huh7 cells were transfected by miR-548m mimics and inhibitors. Consequently, CD81 protein and mRNA levels were assessed using flow cytometry and qRT-PCR, respectively. Additionally, these cells were used to investigate HCV permissiveness into Huh7 cells using qRT-PCR for viral quantification. Direct binding confirmation of miR-548m to CD81 was done using luciferase reporter assay. In-silico analysis revealed miR-548m to have two potential binding sites in the 3'UTR of CD81 mRNA. EGCG boosted miR-548m expression in Huh7 cells. Additionally, miR-548m caused a downregulation of CD81 protein and mRNA levels as well as reduction in HCV infectivity of Huh7 cells. Luciferase binding assay confirmed the binding of miR-548m to CD81 mRNA at the two predicted binding sites. Intriguingly, miR-548m expression was not detected in healthy liver biopsies but was found in liver biopsies of HCV patients. This study shows that EGCG might act as an anti-HCV agent that reduces cellular infectivity via enhancing miR-548m expression and repressing CD81 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Yehia Mekky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada El-Ekiaby
- School of Medicine, NewGiza University (NGU), NewGiza, Km 22 Cairo-Alex Road, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Noha Mousaad Elemam
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rana Ahmed Youness
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad El-Sayed
- Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Gamal Esmat
- Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ihab Abdelaziz
- School of Medicine, NewGiza University (NGU), NewGiza, Km 22 Cairo-Alex Road, Cairo, Egypt.
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16
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Sadri Nahand J, Bokharaei-Salim F, Salmaninejad A, Nesaei A, Mohajeri F, Moshtzan A, Tabibzadeh A, Karimzadeh M, Moghoofei M, Marjani A, Yaghoubi S, Keyvani H. microRNAs: Key players in virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:12188-12225. [PMID: 30536673 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known as one of the major health problems worldwide. Pathological analysis indicated that a variety of risk factors including genetical (i.e., alteration of tumor suppressors and oncogenes) and environmental factors (i.e., viruses) are involved in beginning and development of HCC. The understanding of these risk factors could guide scientists and clinicians to design effective therapeutic options in HCC treatment. Various viruses such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) via targeting several cellular and molecular pathways involved in HCC pathogenesis. Among various cellular and molecular targets, microRNAs (miRNAs) have appeared as key players in HCC progression. miRNAs are short noncoding RNAs which could play important roles as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in several malignancies such as HCC. Deregulation of many miRNAs (i.e., miR-222, miR-25, miR-92a, miR-1, let-7f, and miR-21) could be associated with different stages of HCC. Besides miRNAs, exosomes are other particles which are involved in HCC pathogenesis via targeting different cargos, such as DNAs, RNAs, miRNAs, and proteins. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the role of miRNAs and exosomes as important players in HCC pathogenesis. Moreover, we highlighted HCV- and HBV-related miRNAs which led to HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Drug Applied Research Center, Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Genetics Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Nesaei
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohajeri
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azadeh Moshtzan
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Tabibzadeh
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Arezo Marjani
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shoeleh Yaghoubi
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Dong Y, Huo X, Sun R, Liu Z, Huang M, Yang S. lncRNA Gm15290 promotes cell proliferation and invasion in lung cancer through directly interacting with and suppressing the tumor suppressor miR-615-5p. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20181150. [PMID: 30287504 PMCID: PMC6209606 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been involved in occurrence and progression of multiple cancers. In the present study, we investigated the role of lncRNA Gm15290 in the proliferation and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. First, we found that lncRNA Gm15290 was markedly up-regulated in tumor tissues from NSCLC patients and NSCLC cell lines, compared with adjacent normal tissues and normal lung cell line HBE respectively. Then, different concentrations of pcDNA-Gm15290 expression vector and Gm15290 siRNA were respectively transfected into A549 NSCLC cells. Our results showed that overexpression of Gm15290 significantly increased the proliferation and invasion of A549 cells and suppressed cell apoptosis. Knockdown of Gm15290 suppressed A549 cell proliferation and invasion and promoted cell apoptosis. Subsequently, we explored the underlying mechanism through which Gm15290 promoted cell proliferation and invasion. The output of RNA hybrid bioinformatic tool revealed that Gm15290 potentially interacted with tumor suppressor miR-615-5p which displayed an opposite expression pattern in the cell lines and a strong negative correlation with the levels of Gm15290 in NSCLC patients (r2 = 0.9677, P<0.0001). The results of RNA pull-down assays confirmed that Gm15290 directly bound with miR-615-5p Gm15290 negatively regulated the expression of miR-615-5p and increased the protein levels of miR-615-5p target genes, including IGF2, AKT2, and SHMT2 Moreover, miR-615-5p mimic could antagonize the promoting effect of Gm15290 on cell proliferation and invasion.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antagomirs/genetics
- Antagomirs/metabolism
- Apoptosis
- Base Sequence
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glycine Hydroxymethyltransferase/genetics
- Glycine Hydroxymethyltransferase/metabolism
- Humans
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/surgery
- Male
- MicroRNAs/agonists
- MicroRNAs/antagonists & inhibitors
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Oligoribonucleotides/genetics
- Oligoribonucleotides/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Department of Respiration Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoying Huo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fourth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruiying Sun
- Department of Respiration Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Miaoyi Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuanying Yang
- Department of Respiration Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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18
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Botti G, De Chiara A, Di Bonito M, Cerrone M, Malzone MG, Collina F, Cantile M. Noncoding RNAs within the
HOX
gene network in tumor pathogenesis and progression. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:395-413. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Botti
- Department of Support for Oncological Pathways Diagnostic Area, Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione “G. Pascale” Napoli Italy
| | - Anna De Chiara
- Department of Support for Oncological Pathways Diagnostic Area, Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione “G. Pascale” Napoli Italy
| | - Maurizio Di Bonito
- Department of Support for Oncological Pathways Diagnostic Area, Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione “G. Pascale” Napoli Italy
| | - Margherita Cerrone
- Department of Support for Oncological Pathways Diagnostic Area, Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione “G. Pascale” Napoli Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Malzone
- Department of Support for Oncological Pathways Diagnostic Area, Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione “G. Pascale” Napoli Italy
| | - Francesca Collina
- Department of Support for Oncological Pathways Diagnostic Area, Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione “G. Pascale” Napoli Italy
| | - Monica Cantile
- Department of Support for Oncological Pathways Diagnostic Area, Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione “G. Pascale” Napoli Italy
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19
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20
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Mo M, Xiao Y, Huang S, Cen L, Chen X, Zhang L, Luo Q, Li S, Yang X, Lin X, Xu P. MicroRNA expressing profiles in A53T mutant alpha-synuclein transgenic mice and Parkinsonian. Oncotarget 2018; 8:15-28. [PMID: 27965467 PMCID: PMC5352072 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
α-synuclein gene mutations can cause α-synuclein protein aggregation in the midbrain of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the metabolism of α-synuclein but the mechanism involved in synucleinopathy remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the miRNA profiles in A53T-α-synuclein transgenic mice and analyzed the candidate miRNAs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of PD patients. The 12-month A53T-transgenic mouse displayed hyperactive movement and anxiolytic-like behaviors with α-synuclein aggregation in midbrain. A total of 317,759 total and 289,207 unique small RNA sequences in the midbrain of mice were identified by high-throughput deep sequencing. We found 644 miRNAs were significantly changed in the transgenic mice. Based on the conserved characteristic of miRNAs, we selected 11 candidates from the 40 remarkably expressed miRNAs and explored their expression in 44 CSF samples collected from PD patients. The results revealed that 11 microRNAs were differently expressed in CSF, emphatically as miR-144-5p, miR-200a-3p and miR-542-3p, which were dramatically up-regulated in both A53T-transgenic mice and PD patients, and had a helpful accuracy for the PD prediction. The ordered logistic regression analysis showed that the severity of PD has strong correlation with an up-expression of miR-144-5p, miR-200a-3p and miR-542-3p in CSF. Taken together, our data suggested that miRNAs in CSF, such as miR-144-5p, miR-200a-3p and miR-542-3p, may be useful to the PD diagnosis as potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshu Mo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yousheng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuxuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Luan Cen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shaomin Li
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xinling Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xian Lin
- Department of Anatomy & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
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Huang F, Zhao H, Du Z, Jiang H. miR-615 Inhibits Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Directly Targeting Cyclin D2. Oncol Res 2018; 27:293-299. [PMID: 29471894 PMCID: PMC7848464 DOI: 10.3727/096504018x15190399381143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that miR-615 exerts a tumor suppressor role in some tumors, such as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer. However, the role of miR-615 in prostate cancer has not been defined. Here we found that miR-615 was downregulated in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-615 in PC-3 cells significantly inhibited cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, overexpression of miR-615 delayed tumor growth in vivo. In terms of mechanism, we found that cyclin D2 (CCND2) is a target gene of miR-615 in prostate cancer. We showed that miR-615 could bind to the 3′-UTR region of CCND2 mRNA and inhibit its expression. There was a negative correlation between the expression of miR-615 and CCND2 in prostate cancer tissues. Moreover, restoration of cyclin D2 abolished the inhibitory effects of miR-615 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of prostate cancer cells. Taken together, our study identified miR-615 as a tumor suppressor by targeting cyclin D2 in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongjun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Yantai Municipal Laiyang Central Hospital, Laiyang, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhaojin Du
- Reproductive Medical Center, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Municipal Laiyang Central Hospital, Laiyang, Shandong Province, P.R. China
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KDM4B-mediated epigenetic silencing of miRNA-615-5p augments RAB24 to facilitate malignancy of hepatoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17712-17725. [PMID: 27487123 PMCID: PMC5392280 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumorigenesis and development. Here, we found that miR-615-5p was obviously downregulated in HCC. Furthermore, the deficiency of demethylase KDM4B stimulated the CpG methylation of miR-615-5p promoter and then decreased the miR-615-5p expression. The Ras-related protein RAB24 was found to be downregulated by miR-615-5p. The low level of miR-615-5p increased the expression of RAB24 and facilitated HCC growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, miR-615-5p suppresses HCC cell growth by influencing cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Downregulation of miR-615-5p and upregulation of RAB24 promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), adhesion and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) of HCC cells, all of which contribute to cell motility and metastasis. Thus, miR-615-5p, who is downregulated by KDM4B-mediated hypermethylation in its promoter, functions as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting RAB24 expression in HCC. In conclusion, our findings characterize miR-615-5p as an important epigenetically silenced miRNA involved in the Rab-Ras pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma and expand our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying hepatocarcinogenesis and metastasis.
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Rahmoon MA, Youness RA, Gomaa AI, Hamza MT, Waked I, El Tayebi HM, Abdelaziz AI. MiR-615-5p depresses natural killer cells cytotoxicity through repressing IGF-1R in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Growth Factors 2017; 35:76-87. [PMID: 28747084 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2017.1354859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
miR-615-5p was characterized by our group as a tumour suppressor. IGF-1 R activates a downstream signalling pathway, well characterized in liver cells, however, its role in immunity especially Natural Killer cells (NKs) remains vague. This study aimed at investigating the regulatory role of miR-615-5p on IGF signalling and its impact on NKs cytotoxicity in HCC. Our results showed an upregulation in miR-615-5p and IGF-1 R in NKs of 130 HCC patients compared to 35 controls. Forcing the expression of miR-615-5p, repressed IGF-IR, attenuated NKs cytotoxicity, decreased CD56dim, increased CD56bright NK subsets and reduced the cytotoxic markers NKG2D, TNF-α and perforins. It repressed NKG2D ligand (ULBP2) in Huh-7 cells. In conclusion, miR-615-5p represses IGF-1 R in NKs and their target hepatocytes; however, it has a contradicting impact on HCC progression on both cell types. These findings might pave the way for better understanding the role of microRNAs in NKs function and HCC immune-pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Atef Rahmoon
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Biology , German University in Cairo , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Rana Ahmed Youness
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Biology , German University in Cairo , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Asmaa Ibrahim Gomaa
- b Department of Hepatology , National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University , Menoufiya , Egypt
| | | | - Imam Waked
- b Department of Hepatology , National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University , Menoufiya , Egypt
| | - Hend Mohamed El Tayebi
- d Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , German University in Cairo , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ihab Abdelaziz
- d Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , German University in Cairo , Cairo , Egypt
- e Department of Biology , American University in Cairo , New Cairo , Egypt
- f School of Medicine , NewGiza University (NGU) , Giza , Egypt
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24
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Sourour SK, Aboelenein HR, Elemam NM, Abdelhamid AK, Salah S, Abdelaziz AI. Unraveling the expression of microRNA-27a* & NKG2D in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and natural killer cells of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Int J Rheum Dis 2017; 20:1237-1246. [PMID: 28523761 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The activity of natural killer (NK) cells is known to be decreased in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Nevertheless, the exact contribution of NK cells in the pathogenesis of SLE is still inconclusive. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), are small noncoding RNA molecules that play a fundamental role in regulating NK cell function. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of miRNAs that might potentially target an essential activating receptor, NKG2D in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and NK cells of SLE patients. METHODS In silico analysis revealed miR-27a* to potentially target NKG2D messenger RNA (mRNA), hence PBMCs and NK cells were isolated from blood samples of SLE patients and healthy controls. Next, the cells were transfected using mimics and antagomirs, after which miRNA/mRNA were quantified using real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The results of this study showed that miR-27a* is overexpressed in the PBMCs and NK cells of SLE patients. In contrast, NKG2D was found to be downregulated in PBMCs and NK cells of SLE patients. Forcing the expression of miR-27a* in PBMCs and NK cells enhances the expression of NKG2D in SLE patients. Furthermore, the ligand of NKG2D, ULBP2, was found to be downregulated in the PBMCs of SLE patients. CONCLUSION The altered expression of the triad, miR-27a* as well as NKG2D and ULBP2, is thought to be characteristic for NK cells in SLE patients. Hence, the ability of miR-27a* to alter the expression of NKG2D may provide a new groundwork for understanding the role of miRNAs in NK cells of SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shady K Sourour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba R Aboelenein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha M Elemam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amira K Abdelhamid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia Salah
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasr AlAiny Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,School of Medicine, NewGiza University (NGU), Cairo, Egypt
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Habashy DA, El Tayebi HM, Fawzy IO, Hosny KA, Esmat G, Abdelaziz AI. Interplay between microRNA-17-5p, insulin-like growth factor-II through binding protein-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2016; 8:976-984. [PMID: 27621763 PMCID: PMC4990761 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i23.976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of microRNA on insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and hence on insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) bioavailability in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: Bioinformatic analysis was performed using microrna.org, DIANA lab and Segal lab softwares. Total RNA was extracted from 23 HCC and 10 healthy liver tissues using mirVana miRNA Isolation Kit. microRNA-17-5p (miR-17-5p) expression was mimicked and antagonized in HuH-7 cell lines using HiPerFect Transfection Reagent, then total RNA was extracted using Biozol reagent then reverse transcribed into cDNA followed by quantification of miR-17-5p and IGFBP-3 expression using TaqMan real-time quantitative PCR. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate the binding of miR-17-5p to the 3’UTR of IGFBP-3. Free IGF-II protein was measured in transfected HuH-7 cells using IGF-II ELISA kit.
RESULTS: Bioinformatic analysis revealed IGFBP-3 as a potential target for miR-17-5p. Screening of miR-17-5p and IGFBP-3 revealed a moderate negative correlation in HCC patients, where miR-17-5p was extensively underexpressed in HCC tissues (P = 0.0012), while IGFBP-3 showed significant upregulation in the same set of patients (P = 0.0041) compared to healthy donors. Forcing miR-17-5p expression in HuH-7 cell lines showed a significant downregulation of IGFBP-3 mRNA expression (P = 0.0267) and a significant increase in free IGF-II protein (P = 0.0339) compared to mock untransfected cells using unpaired t-test. Luciferase assay validated IGFBP-3 as a direct target of miR-17-5p; luciferase activity was inhibited by 27.5% in cells co-transfected with miR-17-5p mimics and the construct harboring the wild-type binding region 2 of IGFBP-3 compared to cells transfected with this construct alone (P = 0.0474).
CONCLUSION: These data suggest that regulating IGF-II bioavailability and hence HCC progression can be achieved through targeting IGFBP-3 via manipulating the expression of miRNAs.
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Youness RA, Rahmoon MA, Assal RA, Gomaa AI, Hamza MT, Waked I, El Tayebi HM, Abdelaziz AI. Contradicting interplay between insulin-like growth factor-1 and miR-486-5p in primary NK cells and hepatoma cell lines with a contemporary inhibitory impact on HCC tumor progression. Growth Factors 2016; 34:128-40. [PMID: 27388576 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2016.1200571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an impaired natural killer (NK) cell cytolytic activity in 135 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients parallel to a reduced expression level of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 in NK cells of HCC patients has been revealed. Ectopic expression of miR-486-5p, a direct upstream regulator of IGF-1, restored the endogenous level of IGF-1 in NK cells of HCC patients, thus augmenting its cytolytic activity against Huh7 cells in an opposite manner to the IGF-1 siRNAs. Unorthodoxly, over-expression of miR-486-5p in target hepatocytes resulted in the repression of IGF-1, suppression of Huh7 cells proliferation and viability in a similar pattern to the IGF-1 siRNAs. Therefore, this study highlights a potential role of IGF-1 in modulating cytolytic potential of NK cells of HCC patients. miR-486-5p acts in a cell-specific manner, differentially modulating IGF-1 expression in NK cells and their target hepatocytes with a contemporary inhibitory impact on HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Ahmed Youness
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Biology , Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mai Atef Rahmoon
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Biology , Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Reem Amr Assal
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Asmaa Ibrahim Gomaa
- c Department of Hepatology , National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University , Shebin El-Kom , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Tarif Hamza
- d Department of Clinical Pathology , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt , and
| | - Imam Waked
- c Department of Hepatology , National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University , Shebin El-Kom , Egypt
| | - Hend Mohamed El Tayebi
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo , Cairo , Egypt
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Youness RA, El-Tayebi HM, Assal RA, Hosny K, Esmat G, Abdelaziz AI. MicroRNA-486-5p enhances hepatocellular carcinoma tumor suppression through repression of IGF-1R and its downstream mTOR, STAT3 and c-Myc. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2567-2573. [PMID: 27698829 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-axis has been paradigmatically involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor initiation, progression and drug resistance. Consequently, members of the IGF-axis and most importantly, IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) have been considered as intriguing targets for HCC therapy. Few miRNAs have been recently reported to be associated with IGF-1R regulation. The present study aimed to investigate the role of microRNA (miRNA/miR)-486-5p in the regulation of IGF-1R and its downstream signaling cascades. miR-486-5p was markedly downregulated in hepatitis C virus-induced HCC tissues and Huh-7 cells. Forcing the expression of miR-486-5p in Huh-7 cells resulted in the repression of IGF-1R, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and c-Myc mRNA levels. Ectopic expression of miR-486-5p in Huh-7 cells markedly repressed cellular viability, proliferation, migration and clonogenicity in a similar pattern to IGF-1R small interfering RNAs, and were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, BrdU incorporation, wound healing and colony forming assays, respectively. Overall, the study findings demonstrated that miR-486-5p acts as a tumor suppressor in HCC through the repression of essential members of the IGF-axis, including IGF-1R and its downstream mediators mTOR, STAT3 and c-Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Ahmed Youness
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Hend Mohamed El-Tayebi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Reem Amr Assal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Karim Hosny
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Gamal Esmat
- Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatology, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ihab Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Cairo 11835, Egypt
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Hawa Z, Haque I, Ghosh A, Banerjee S, Harris L, Banerjee SK. The miRacle in Pancreatic Cancer by miRNAs: Tiny Angels or Devils in Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E809. [PMID: 27240340 PMCID: PMC4926343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with increasing incidence and high mortality. Surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment of patients with PDAC. Because of the late presentation of the disease, about 20 percent of patients are candidates for this treatment. The average survival of resected patients is between 12 and 20 months, with a high probability of relapse. Standard chemo and radiation therapies do not offer significant improvement of the survival of these patients. Furthermore, novel treatment options aimed at targeting oncogenes or growth factors in pancreatic cancer have proved unsuccessful. Thereby, identifying new biomarkers that can detect early stages of this disease is of critical importance. Among these biomarkers, microRNAs (miRNAs) have supplied a profitable recourse and become an attractive focus of research in PDAC. MiRNAs regulate many genes involved in the development of PDAC through mRNA degradation or translation inhibition. The possibility of intervention in the molecular mechanisms of miRNAs regulation could begin a new generation of PDAC therapies. This review summarizes the reports describing miRNAs involvement in cellular processes involving pancreatic carcinogenesis and their utility in diagnosis, survival and therapeutic potential in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhair Hawa
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
| | - Inamul Haque
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
| | - Snigdha Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
| | - LaCoiya Harris
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
| | - Sushanta K Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
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El Tayebi HM, Abdelaziz AI. Epigenetic regulation of insulin-like growth factor axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2668-2677. [PMID: 26973407 PMCID: PMC4777991 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i9.2668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway is an important pathway in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis, and the IGF network is clearly dysregulated in many cancers and developmental abnormalities. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), only a minority of patients are eligible for curative treatments, such as tumor resection or liver transplant. Unfortunately, there is a high recurrence of HCC after surgical tumor removal. Recent research efforts have focused on targeting IGF axis members in an attempt to find therapeutic options for many health problems. In this review, we shed lights on the regulation of members of the IGF axis, mainly by microRNAs in HCC. MicroRNAs in HCC attempt to halt the aberrant expression of the IGF network, and a single microRNA can have multiple downstream targets in one or more signaling pathways. Targeting microRNAs is a relatively new approach for identifying an efficient radical cure for HCC.
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30
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Song LJ, Zhang WJ, Chang ZW, Pan YF, Zong H, Fan QX, Wang LX. PU.1 Is Identified as a Novel Metastasis Suppressor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Regulating the miR-615-5p/IGF2 Axis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:3667-71. [PMID: 25987019 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.9.3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis is the major cause of tumor recurrence, difficulty for cure and low survival rate. Excavating key transcription factors, which can regulate tumor invasion and metastasis, are crucial to the development of therapeutic strategies for cancers. PU.1 is a master hematopoietic transcription factor and a vital regulator in life. Here, we report that, compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissues, expression of PU.1 mRNA in metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but not primary HCC, was significantly down-regulated. In addition, levels of PU.1 mRNA in metastatic hepatoma cell lines MHCC97L and MHCC97H were much lower than in non-metastatic Hep3B cells. Transwell invasion assays after PU.1 siRNA transfection showed that the invasion of hepatoma cell lines was increased markedly by PU.1 knockdown. Oppositely, overexpression of PU.1 suppressed the invasion of these cells. However, knockdown and overexpression of PU.1 did not influence proliferation. Finally, we tried to explore the potential mechanism of PU.1 suppressing hepatoma cell invasion. ChIP-qPCR analysis showed that PU.1 exhibited a high binding capacity with miR-615-5p promoter sequence. Overexpression of PU.1 caused a dramatic increase of pri-, pre- and mature miR-615-5p, as well as a marked decrease of miR-615-5p target gene IGF2. These data indicate that PU.1 inhibits invasion of human HCC through promoting miR-615-5p and suppressing IGF2. These findings improve our understanding of PU.1 regulatory roles and provided a potential target for metastatic HCC diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jie Song
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China E-mail :
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Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Li F, Du X, Zhang J. CDX2 inhibits pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell proliferation via promoting tumor suppressor miR-615-5p. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:1041-9. [PMID: 26269116 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CDX2 has recently been identified as a prognostic marker for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. However, the role and mechanism of CDX2 in progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma are still elusive. In this study, we observed that CDX2 expression was much lower in mouse pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues and pancreatic cancer cells. A network integrated by ChIPBase platform hinted that miR-615-5p, a most newly discovered tumor suppressor, was probably bound by CDX2 in the promoter region. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR assay showed that CDX2 exhibited a high capacity of binding to miR-615-5p promoter region compared to the negative control. Real-time PCR and western blotting analyses revealed that CDX2 overexpression caused inflation of miR-615-5p and depression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), a direct target of miR-615-5p. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and EdU approaches showed that CDX2 overexpression markedly suppressed pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell proliferation. CDX2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection showed an opposite effect on gene expression and cell proliferation to that of CDX2 overexpression. Collectively, CDX2 inhibited pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell proliferation via promoting tumor suppressor miR-615-5p. Our findings suggested a potential molecular target for pancreatic adenocarcinoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuqing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Eastern Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
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Wu X, Deng L, Tang D, Ying G, Yao X, Liu F, Liang G. miR-615-5p prevents proliferation and migration through negatively regulating serine hydromethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6813-21. [PMID: 26662310 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that miR-615-5p was upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) preventing both growth and migration. However, the underlying mechanism by which miR-615-5p played a role in HCC remains unknown. Here, in our present study, to investigate the mechanism of miR-615-5p, bioinformatic prediction and luciferase reporter assay were employed to ascertain the downstream target of miR-615-5p finding that the serine hydromethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) was the direct downstream target. Knockdown or overexpression of miR-615-5p can lead to increasing or decreasing expression of SHMT2 in HCC cells. Besides, knockdown or overexpression of SHMT2 can suppress or promote both proliferation and migration of HCC cells, indicating that miR-615-5p can directly and negatively regulate the SHMT2 in HCC cells. In addition, to understand the clinicopathological significance of SHMT2 expression in HCC, immunohistochemistry was performed. It was found that SHMT2 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis and TNM stage. Together, our results for the first time showed that miR-615-5p prevents proliferation and migration through negatively regulating SHMT2 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Liang Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Eastern Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, China., Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510700, People's Republic of China
| | - Decai Tang
- Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 282 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Gang Ying
- Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 282 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xuequan Yao
- Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 282 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Fukun Liu
- Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 282 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Gui Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Quah S, Holland PWH. The Hox cluster microRNA miR-615: a case study of intronic microRNA evolution. EvoDevo 2015; 6:31. [PMID: 26451238 PMCID: PMC4597612 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-015-0027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Introns represent a potentially rich source of existing transcription for the evolution of novel microRNAs (miRNAs). Within the Hox gene clusters, a miRNA gene, miR-615, is located within the intron of the Hoxc5 gene. This miRNA has a restricted phylogenetic distribution, providing an opportunity to examine the origin and evolution of a new miRNA within the intron of a developmentally-important homeobox gene. RESULTS Alignment and structural analyses show that the sequence is highly conserved across eutherian mammals and absent in non-mammalian tetrapods. Marsupials possess a similar sequence which we predict will not be efficiently processed as a miRNA. Our analyses suggest that transcription of HOXC5 in humans is accompanied by expression of miR-615 in all cases, but that the miRNA can also be transcribed independently of its host gene through the use of an intragenic promoter. We present scenarios for the evolution of miR-615 through intronic exaptation, and speculate on the acquisition of independent transcriptional regulation. Target prediction and transcriptomic analyses suggest that the dominant product of miR-615 is involved in the regulation of growth and a range of developmental processes. CONCLUSIONS The miR-615 gene evolved within the intron of Hoxc5 in the ancestor of placental mammals. Using miR-615 as a case study, we propose a model by which a functional miRNA can emerge within an intron gradually, by selection on secondary structure followed by evolution of an independent miRNA promoter. The location within a Hox gene intron is of particular interest as the miRNA is specific to placental mammals, is co-expressed with its host gene and may share complementary functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Quah
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS UK
| | - Peter W. H. Holland
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS UK
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Wang L, Yue Y, Wang X, Jin H. Function and clinical potential of microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:3345-3353. [PMID: 26788134 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in the initiation and progression of several types of human cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is one of the most common types of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that miRNAs play a vital role in HCC, hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, liver cell development and the metabolic functions of the liver. The aim of the present review was to summarize the most recent findings on the functions of miRNAs in the liver and discuss their potential roles in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
| | - Yongfang Yue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
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Lyra-González I, Flores-Fong LE, González-García I, Medina-Preciado D, Armendáriz-Borunda J. MicroRNAs dysregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma: Insights in genomic medicine. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:1530-1540. [PMID: 26085912 PMCID: PMC4462691 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i11.1530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading primary liver cancer and its clinical outcome is still poor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have demonstrated an interesting potential to regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level. Current findings suggest that miRNAs deregulation in cancer is caused by genetic and/or epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional modifications resulting in abnormal expression and hallmarks of malignant transformation: aberrant cell growth, cell death, differentiation, angiogenesis, invasion and metástasis. The important role of miRNAs in the development and progression of HCC has increased the efforts to understand and develop mechanisms of control overt this single-stranded RNAs. Several studies have analyzed tumoral response to the regulation and control of deregulated miRNAs with good results in vitro and in vivo, proving that targeting aberrant expression of miRNAs is a powerful anticancer therapeutic. Identification of up and/or down regulated miRNAs related to HCC has led to the discovery of new potential application for detection of their presence in the affected organism. MiRNAs represent a relevant new target for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment in a wide variety of pathologic entities, including HCC. This manuscript intends to summarize current knowledge regarding miRNAs and their role in HCC development.
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MiRNA-615-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by targeting AKT2. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119783. [PMID: 25856297 PMCID: PMC4391776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression is associated with tumor development. This study aimed to elucidate the role of miR-615-5p in the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods Locked nucleic acid in situ hybridization (LNA-ISH) was performed to compare miR-615-5p expression in patients between PDAC and matched adjacent normal tissues. Effects of miR-615-5p overexpression on cell proliferation, apoptosis, colony formation, migration, and invasion were determined in the pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2. Effects of miR-615-5p on AKT2 were examined by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Lentivirus expressing miR-615 was used to create stable overexpression cell lines, which were subsequently used in mouse xenograft and metastasis models to assess tumor growth, apoptosis and metastasis. Results miR-615-5p expression was significantly lower in PDAC than in adjacent normal tissues. Low levels of miR-615-5p were independently associated with poor prognosis (HR: 2.243, 95% CI: 1.190-4.227, P=0.013). AKT2 protein expression was inversely correlated with miR-615-5p expression (r=-0.3, P=0.003). miR-615-5p directly targeted the 3’-untranslated region of AKT2 mRNA and repressed its expression. miR-615-5p overexpression inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, miR-615-5p overexpression also induced pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions These results show that miR-615-5p inhibits pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting AKT2. The data implicate miR-615-5p in the prognosis and treatment of PDAC.
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Morishita A, Masaki T. miRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 2015; 45:128-41. [PMID: 25040738 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Despite improvements in HCC therapy, the prognosis for HCC patients remains poor due to a high incidence of recurrence. An improved understanding of the pathogenesis of HCC development would facilitate the development of more effective outcomes for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC at earlier stages. miRNA are small, endogenous, non-coding, ssRNA that are 21-30 nucleotides in length and modulate the expression of various target genes at the post-transcriptional and translational levels. Aberrant expression of miRNA is common in various human malignancies and modulates cancer-associated genomic regions or fragile sites. As for the relationship between miRNA and HCC, several studies have demonstrated that the aberrant expression of specific miRNA can be detected in HCC cells and tissues. However, little is known about the mechanisms of miRNA-related cell proliferation and development. In this review, we summarize the central and potential roles of miRNA in the pathogenesis of HCC and elucidate new possibilities that may be useful as diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as novel therapeutic targets in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
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Enguita-Germán M, Fortes P. Targeting the insulin-like growth factor pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2014; 6:716-737. [PMID: 25349643 PMCID: PMC4209417 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v6.i10.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Only 30%-40% of the patients with HCC are eligible for curative treatments, which include surgical resection as the first option, liver transplantation and percutaneous ablation. Unfortunately, there is a high frequency of tumor recurrence after surgical resection and most HCC seem resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Sorafenib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the only chemotherapeutic option for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients treated with Sorafenib have a significant increase in overall survival of about three months. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop alternative treatments. Due to its role in cell growth and development, the insulin-like growth factor system is commonly deregulated in many cancers. Indeed, the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis has recently emerged as a potential target for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. To this aim, several inhibitors of the pathway have been developed such as monoclonal antibodies, small molecules, antisense oligonucleotides or small interfering RNAs. However recent studies suggest that, unlike most tumors, HCC development requires increased signaling through insulin growth factor II rather than insulin growth factor I. This may have great implications in the future treatment of HCC. This review summarizes the role of the IGF axis in liver carcinogenesis and the current status of the strategies designed to target the IGF-I signaling pathway for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
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Kumar V, Mahato RI. Delivery and targeting of miRNAs for treating liver fibrosis. Pharm Res 2014; 32:341-61. [PMID: 25186440 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a pathological condition originating from liver damage that leads to excess accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the liver. Viral infection, chronic injury, local inflammatory responses and oxidative stress are the major factors contributing to the onset and progression of liver fibrosis. Multiple cell types and various growth factors and inflammatory cytokines are involved in the induction and progression of this disease. Various strategies currently being tried to attenuate liver fibrosis include the inhibition of HSC activation or induction of their apoptosis, reduction of collagen production and deposition, decrease in inflammation, and liver transplantation. Liver fibrosis treatment approaches are mainly based on small drug molecules, antibodies, oligonucleotides (ODNs), siRNA and miRNAs. MicroRNAs (miRNA or miR) are endogenous noncoding RNA of ~22 nucleotides that regulate gene expression at post transcription level. There are several miRNAs having aberrant expressions and play a key role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Single miRNA can target multiple mRNAs, and we can predict its targets based on seed region pairing, thermodynamic stability of pairing and species conservation. For in vivo delivery, we need some additional chemical modification in their structure, and suitable delivery systems like micelles, liposomes and conjugation with targeting or stabilizing the moiety. Here, we discuss the role of miRNAs in fibrogenesis and current approaches of utilizing these miRNAs for treating liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virender Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-6025, USA
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40
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miR-615-5p is epigenetically inactivated and functions as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2014; 34:1629-40. [PMID: 24769899 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly invasive cancer with a poor prognosis. Although microRNA (miRNA) transcripts have a crucial role in carcinogenesis and development, little information is known regarding the aberrant DNA methylation of miRNAs in PDAC. Using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-chip analysis, we found that miR-615-5p was hypermethylated in its putative promoter region, which silenced its expression in PDAC cell lines. In addition, the overexpression of miR-615-5p in pancreatic cancer cells suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is an imprinted gene, and its abnormal expression contributes to tumor growth. Here, we identified IGF2 as a target of miR-615-5p using a luciferase reporter assay. IGF2 upregulation in PDAC tissues was not correlated with a loss of imprinting but was inversely correlated with miR-615-5p downregulation. In addition, miR-615-5p suppressed pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion by directly targeting IGF2, and this effect could be reversed by co-transfection with IGF2. Furthermore, the stable overexpression of miR-615-5p inhibited tumor growth in vivo and was correlated with IGF2 expression. Using RNA sequencing, we further identified miR-615-5p as potentially targeting other genes, such as the proto-oncogene JUNB, and interfering with the insulin signaling pathway. Taken together, our results demonstrate that miR-615-5p was abnormally downregulated in PDAC cells due to promoter hypermethylation, which limited its inhibition of IGF2 and other target genes, thereby contributing to tumor growth, invasion and migration. These data demonstrate a novel and important role of miR-615-5p as a tumor suppressor in PDAC.
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41
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Mallo M, Alonso CR. The regulation of Hox gene expression during animal development. Development 2013; 140:3951-63. [PMID: 24046316 DOI: 10.1242/dev.068346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hox genes encode a family of transcriptional regulators that elicit distinct developmental programmes along the head-to-tail axis of animals. The specific regional functions of individual Hox genes largely reflect their restricted expression patterns, the disruption of which can lead to developmental defects and disease. Here, we examine the spectrum of molecular mechanisms controlling Hox gene expression in model vertebrates and invertebrates and find that a diverse range of mechanisms, including nuclear dynamics, RNA processing, microRNA and translational regulation, all concur to control Hox gene outputs. We propose that this complex multi-tiered regulation might contribute to the robustness of Hox expression during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Mallo
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
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Li MR, Lu LG, Bu P. Advances in research of epigenetic regulation in liver fibrosis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:3499-3504. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i32.3499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a pathological repair process in response to chronic injury caused by various etiologies in the liver. Imbalance between the expression of pro-fibrosis genes and anti-fibrosis genes play a pivotal role in hepatic fibrosis. The important path of reversing liver fibrosis is the early diagnosis and effective treatment. Epigenetic modifications have been considered an initial event in the development of hepatic fibrosis. Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in liver fibrosis are intricate, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs (miRNAs). Recently, many researchers have studied the effect of fibrosis-related gene expression at the epigenetic level on hepatic stellate cell activation and myofibroblast differentiation in hepatic fibrosis. This review discusses the epigenetic regulation in liver fibrosis, with an aim to provide new insights into the early non-invasive diagnosis, condition assessment and targeted therapy of this disease.
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Chen P, Zhao X, Ma L. Downregulation of microRNA-100 correlates with tumor progression and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 383:49-58. [PMID: 23842624 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that dysregulation of microRNAs is correlated with malignant transformation and tumor development. miR-100, a potential tumor suppressor, is downregulated by many human cancers. However, the expression and functions of miR-100 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still unclear. The aim of this study was to detect the expression of miR-100 in HCC tissues and investigate its clinicopathological and prognostic significance. Also, the effects of miR-100 on growth and apoptosis of HCC cells and its potential molecular mechanisms were analyzed. Results showed that the expression level of miR-100 in HCC tissues was significantly lower than that in matched non-cancerous liver tissues. Also, low-miR-100 expression was observed to be significantly correlated with higher tumor grade, higher incidence of lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage and higher incidence of tumor recurrence in HCC patients. Multivariate survival analyses suggested that low-miR-100 expression was an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients (HR = 1.66, 95 % CI 1.32-2.82, P = 0.019). In addition, we found that upregulation of miR-100 could inhibit growth and increase apoptosis of HCC cells by downregulating polo-like kinase 1 (plk1). In HCC tissues, miR-100 expression was inversely correlated with the expression of plk1 protein (r = -0.418; P = 0.029). Therefore, downregulation of miR-100 was correlated with progressive pathological feature and poor prognosis in HCC patients, and miR-100 could function as a tumor suppressor by targeting plk1. miR-100 may serve as a prognostic marker and molecular therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Nantong University, No. 14 Yuehe Road, Tinghu District, Yancheng, 224001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
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Chai S, Ma S. Clinical implications of microRNAs in liver cancer stem cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2013; 32:419-26. [PMID: 23668930 PMCID: PMC3845583 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.013.10038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often dismal, mainly due to late presentation, high recurrence rate, and frequent resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Accumulating evidence on the differential microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns between non-tumor and HCC tissues or between liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) and non-CSC subsets and the significant clinical implications of these differences suggest that miRNAs are a promising, non-invasive marker for the prognosis and diagnosis of the disease. This perspective article summarizes the current knowledge of miRNAs in liver CSCs and highlights the need for further investigations of the role of miRNAs in regulating liver CSC subsets for possible future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Chai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
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El Tayebi HM, Omar K, Hegy S, El Maghrabi M, El Brolosy M, Hosny KA, Esmat G, Abdelaziz AI. Repression of miR-17-5p with elevated expression of E2F-1 and c-MYC in non-metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma and enhancement of cell growth upon reversing this expression pattern. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 434:421-7. [PMID: 23583198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
E2F-1, c-MYC, and miR-17-5p is a triad of two regulatory loops: a negative and a positive loop, where c-MYC induces the expression of E2F-1 that induces the expression of miR-17-5p which in turn reverses the expression of E2F-1 to close the loop. In this study, we investigated this triad for the first time in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), where miR-17-5p showed a significant down-regulation in 23 non-metastatic HCC biopsies compared to 10 healthy tissues; however, E2F-1 and c-MYC transcripts were markedly elevated. Forced over-expression of miR-17-5p in HuH-7 cells resulted in enhanced cell proliferation, growth, migration and clonogenicity with concomitant inhibition of E2F-1 and c-MYC transcripts expressions, while antagomirs of miR-17-5p reversed these events. In conclusion, this study revealed a unique pattern of expression for miR-17-5p in non-metastatic HCC patients in contrast to metastatic HCC patients. In addition we show that miR-17-5p is the key player among the triad that tumor growth and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M El Tayebi
- The Molecular Pathology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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MicroRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: regulation, function, and clinical implications. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:924206. [PMID: 23431261 PMCID: PMC3575633 DOI: 10.1155/2013/924206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and the third cause of cancer-related death. Poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of HCC makes it difficult to be diagnosed and treated at early stage. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of noncoding single-stranded RNAs of ~22 nucleotides in length, posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression by base pairing with the 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Aberrant expression of miRNAs is found in many if not all cancers, and many deregulated miRNAs have been proved to play crucial roles in the initiation and progression of cancers by regulating the expression of various oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. In this Paper, we will summarize the regulations and functions of miRNAs aberrantly expressed in HCC and discuss the potential application of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of HCC and their potential roles in the intervention of HCC.
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