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Hussein EA, White RJ. Maintaining Single-Channel Recordings on a Silver Nanoneedle through Probe Design and Feedback Tip Positioning Control. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:10111-10119. [PMID: 36395597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ion channel proteins showed great promise in the field of nanopore sensing and molecular flux imaging applications due to the atomic-level precision of the pore size and a high signal-to-noise ratio. More specifically, ion channel probes, where the protein channels are integrated at the end of a solid probe, can achieve highly localized detection. Metal probe materials such as gold and silver have been developed to support lipid bilayers and enable the use of smaller probes, or nanoneedles, compared to more traditional glass micropipette ion channel probes. Silver probes are preferable because they support sustained DC stable channel current due to the AgCl layer formed around the tip during the fabrication process. However, one of the current challenges in ion channel measurements is maintaining a single-channel recording. Multiple protein insertions complicate data analysis and destabilize the bilayer. Herein, we combine the promising probe material (Ag/AgCl) with an approach based on current feedback-controlled tip positioning to maintain long-term single-channel recordings for up to 3 h. We develop a hybrid positioning control system, where the channel current is used as feedback to control the vertical movement of the silver tip and, subsequently, control the number of protein channels inserted in the lipid membrane. Our findings reveal that the area of the lipid bilayer decreases with moving the silver tip up (i.e., decreasing the displacement in the z-direction). By reducing the bilayer area around the fine silver tip, we minimize the probability of multiple insertions and remove unwanted proteins. In addition, we characterize the effect of lipid properties such as fluidity on the lipid membrane area. We believe that the use of silver nanoneedles, which enables DC stable channel current, coupled with the developed tip displacement mechanism will offer more opportunities to employ these probes for chemical imaging and mapping different surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essraa A Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio45221, United States
| | - Ryan J White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio45221, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio45221, United States
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Fudickar W, Roder P, Listek M, Hanack K, Linker T. Pyridinium Alkynylanthracenes as Sensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:193-201. [PMID: 34719028 DOI: 10.1111/php.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a mild but effective method to treat certain types of cancer upon irradiation with visible light. Here, three isomeric methylpyridinium alkynylanthracenes 1o─p were evaluated as sensitizers for PDT. Upon irradiation with blue or green light, all three compounds show the ability to initiate strand breaks of plasmid DNA. The mayor species responsible for cleavage is singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) as confirmed by scavenging reagents. Only isomers 1m and 1p can be incorporated into HeLa cells, whereas isomer 1o cannot permeate through the membrane. While isomer 1m targets the cell nucleus, isomer 1p assembles in the cellular cytoplasm and impacts the cellular integrity. This is in accordance with a moderate toxicity of 1p in the dark, whereas 1m exhibits no dark toxicity. Both isomers are suitable as PDT reagents, with a CC50 of 3 μm and 75 nm, for 1p and 1m, respectively. Thus, derivative 1m, which can be easily synthesized, becomes an interesting candidate for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Fudickar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Phillip Roder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Listek
- Department of Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Katja Hanack
- Department of Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Torsten Linker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Li D, Zhang R, Liu G, Kang Y, Wu J. Redox-Responsive Self-Assembled Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000605. [PMID: 32893506 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy, combined with other treatments, is widely applied in the clinical treatment of cancer. However, deficiencies inherited from the traditional route of administration limit its successful application. With the development of nanotechnology, a series of smart nanodelivery systems have been developed to utilize the unique tumor environment (pH changes, different enzymes, and redox potential gradients) and exogenous stimuli (thermal changes, magnetic fields, and light) to improve the curative effect of anticancer drugs. In this review, endogenous and exogenous stimuli are briefly introduced. Among these stimuli, various redox-sensitive linkages are primarily described in detail, and their application with self-assembled nanoparticles is recounted. Finally, the application of redox-responsive self-assembled nanoparticles in cancer therapy is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen 518107 P. R. China
| | - Ruhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Guiting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Yang Kang
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen 518107 P. R. China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
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M. Fonovich T. Phospholipid synthetic and turnover pathways elicited upon exposure to different xenobiotics. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Beguin E, Bau L, Shrivastava S, Stride E. Comparing Strategies for Magnetic Functionalization of Microbubbles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1829-1840. [PMID: 30574777 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of ultrasound-mediated therapy has stimulated the development of drug-loaded microbubble agents that can be targeted to a region of interest through an applied magnetic field prior to ultrasound activation. However, the need to incorporate therapeutic molecules while optimizing the responsiveness to both magnetic and acoustic fields and maintaining adequate stability poses a considerable challenge for microbubble synthesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate three different methods for incorporating iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) into phospholipid-coated microbubbles using (1) hydrophobic IONPs within an oil layer below the microbubble shell, (2) phospholipid-stabilized IONPs within the shell, or (3) hydrophilic IONPs noncovalently bound to the surface of the microbubble. All microbubbles exhibited similar acoustic response at both 1 and 7 MHz. The half-life of the microbubbles was more than doubled by the addition of IONPs by using both surface and phospholipid-mediated loading methods, provided the lipid used to coat the IONPs was the same as that constituting the microbubble shell. The highest loading of IONPs per microbubble was also achieved with the surface loading method, and these microbubbles were the most responsive to an applied magnetic field, showing a 3-fold increase in the number of retained microbubbles compared to other groups. For the purpose of drug delivery, surface loading of IONPs could restrict the attachment of hydrophilic drugs to the microbubble shell, but hydrophobic drugs could still be incorporated. In contrast, although the incorporation of phospholipid IONPs produced more weakly magnetic microbubbles, it would not interfere with hydrophilic drug loading on the surface of the microbubble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Beguin
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Luca Bau
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Shamit Shrivastava
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
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Abstract
Photodynamic therapy uses photosensitizers (PS) to kill cancer cells by generating reactive oxygen species – like singlet oxygen (SO) - upon illumination with visible light. PS membrane anchoring augments local SO concentration, which in turn increases photodynamic efficiency. The latter may suffer from SO’s escape into the aqueous solution or premature quenching. Here we determined the time constants of SO escape and quenching by target molecules to be in the nanosecond range, the former being threefold longer. We confined PS and dipolar target molecules either to different membrane monolayers or to the same leaflet and assessed their abundance by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy or membrane surface potential measurements. The rate at which the contribution of the dipolar target molecules to membrane dipole potential vanished, served as a measure of the photo-oxidation rate. The solution of the reaction–diffusion equations did not indicate diffusional rate limitations. Nevertheless, reducing the PS-target distance increased photodynamic efficiency by preventing other SO susceptible moieties from protecting the target. Importantly, our analytical model revealed a fourfold difference between SO generation rates per molecule of the two used PSs. Such analysis of PS quantum yield in a membrane environment may help in designing better PSs.
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Sokolov VS, Gavrilchik AN, Kulagina AO, Meshkov IN, Pohl P, Gorbunova YG. Voltage-sensitive styryl dyes as singlet oxygen targets on the surface of bilayer lipid membrane. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 161:162-9. [PMID: 27236238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitizers are widely used as photodynamic therapeutic agents killing cancer cells by photooxidation of their components. Development of new effective photosensitive molecules requires profound knowledge of possible targets for reactive oxygen species, especially for its singlet form. Here we studied photooxidation of voltage-sensitive styryl dyes (di-4-ANEPPS, di-8-ANEPPS, RH-421 and RH-237) by singlet oxygen on the surface of bilayer lipid membranes commonly used as cell membrane models. Oxidation was induced by irradiation of a photosensitizer (aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate) and monitored by the change of dipole potential on the surface of the membrane. We studied the drop of the dipole potential both in the case when the dye molecules were adsorbed on the same side of the lipid bilayer as the photosensitizer (cis-configuration) and in the case when they were adsorbed on the opposite side (trans-configuration). Based on a simple model, we determined the rate of oxidation of the dyes from the kinetics of change of the potential during and after irradiation. This rate is proportional to steady-state concentration of singlet oxygen in the membrane under irradiation. Comparison of the oxidation rates of various dyes reveals that compounds of ANEPPS series are more sensitive to singlet oxygen than RH type dyes, indicating that naphthalene group is primarily responsible for their oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Sokolov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A N Gavrilchik
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - A O Kulagina
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - I N Meshkov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - P Pohl
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
| | - Yu G Gorbunova
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia; N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
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Omarova EO, Nazarov PA, Firsov AM, Strakhovskaya MG, Arkhipova AY, Moisenovich MM, Agapov II, Ol’shevskaya VA, Zaitsev AV, Kalinin VN, Kotova EA, Antonenko YN. Carboranyl-Chlorin e6 as a Potent Antimicrobial Photosensitizer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141990. [PMID: 26535905 PMCID: PMC4633095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation is currently being widely considered as alternative to antibiotic chemotherapy of infective diseases, attracting much attention to design of novel effective photosensitizers. Carboranyl-chlorin-e6 (the conjugate of chlorin e6 with carborane), applied here for the first time for antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation, appeared to be much stronger than chlorin e6 against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphyllococcus aureus and Mycobacterium sp. Confocal fluorescence spectroscopy and membrane leakage experiments indicated that bacteria cell death upon photodynamic treatment with carboranyl-chlorin-e6 is caused by loss of cell membrane integrity. The enhanced photobactericidal activity was attributed to the increased accumulation of the conjugate by bacterial cells, as evaluated both by centrifugation and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Gram-negative bacteria were rather resistant to antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation mediated by carboranyl-chlorin-e6. Unlike chlorin e6, the conjugate showed higher (compared to the wild-type strain) dark toxicity with Escherichia coli ΔtolC mutant, deficient in TolC-requiring multidrug efflux transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena O. Omarova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel A. Nazarov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Firsov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina G. Strakhovskaya
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Service and Medical Technologies, FMBA, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Igor I. Agapov
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Shumakov Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Andrey V. Zaitsev
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery N. Kalinin
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A. Kotova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuri N. Antonenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Rokitskaya TI, Firsov AM, Kotova EA, Antonenko YN. Photodynamic inactivation of gramicidin channels in bilayer lipid membranes: Protective efficacy of singlet oxygen quenchers depends on photosensitizer location. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 80:745-51. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915060097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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