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Li H, Yang C, Lo S. Roles of microRNAs in Hepatitis C Virus Replication and Pathogenesis. Viruses 2022; 14:1776. [PMID: 36016398 PMCID: PMC9413378 DOI: 10.3390/v14081776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with the development of chronic liver diseases, e.g., fibrosis, cirrhosis, even hepatocellular carcinoma, and/or extra-hepatic diseases such as diabetes. As an obligatory intracellular pathogen, HCV absolutely relies on host cells to propagate and is able to modulate host cellular factors in favor of its replication. Indeed, lots of cellular factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), have been identified to be dysregulated during HCV infection. MiRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate protein synthesis of their targeting mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level, usually by suppressing their target gene expression. The miRNAs dysregulated during HCV infection could directly or indirectly modulate HCV replication and/or induce liver diseases. Regulatory mechanisms of various miRNAs in HCV replication and pathogenesis have been characterized. Some dysregulated miRNAs have been considered as the biomarkers for the detection of HCV infection and/or HCV-related diseases. In this review, we intend to briefly summarize the identified miRNAs functioning at HCV replication and pathogenesis, focusing on the recent developments.
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El-Ekiaby NM, Mekky RY, Riad SE, Elhelw DS, El-Sayed M, Esmat G, Abdelaziz AI. miR-148a and miR-30a limit HCV-dependent suppression of the lipid droplet protein, ADRP, in HCV infected cell models. J Med Virol 2017; 89:653-659. [PMID: 27591428 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) promotes lipid droplet (LD) formation and perturbs the expression of the LD associated PAT proteins ADRP and TIP47, to promote its own lifecycle. HCV enhances TIP47 and suppresses ADRP by displacing it from LD surface in infected cell models. We have previously shown that suppression of TIP47 by miR-148a and miR-30a decreased intracellular LDs and HCV RNA. Thus, this study aimed at examining whether this microRNA-mediated suppression of HCV would limit HCV-dependent displacement of ADRP from LDs. ADRP expression was examined in 21 HCV-infected liver biopsies and 9 healthy donor liver tissues as well as in HCV-infected Huh7 cells using qRT-PCR. miR-148a and miR-30a expression was manipulated using specific oligos in JFH-1 infected, oleic acid treated cells, to study their impact on ADRP expression using qRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence microscopy. Intracellular HCV RNA was assessed using qRT-PCR. ADRP is down regulated in patients as well as HCVcc-JFH-I infected cell models. Forcing the expression of both miRNAs induced ADRP on the mRNA and protein levels. This study shows that HCV suppresses hepatic ADRP expression in infected patients and cell lines. Forcing the expression of miR-148a and miR-30a limits the suppressive effect of HCV on ADRP. J. Med. Virol. 89:653-659, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada M El-Ekiaby
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Molecular Pathology Research Group, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City-Main Entrance Al Tagamoa Al Khames, Cairo, Egypt
- Scientific Affairs Unit, Egyptian Company for Biological Sciences, Giza, Egypt
| | - Radwa Y Mekky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Molecular Pathology Research Group, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City-Main Entrance Al Tagamoa Al Khames, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University of Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sarah E Riad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Molecular Pathology Research Group, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City-Main Entrance Al Tagamoa Al Khames, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia S Elhelw
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Molecular Pathology Research Group, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City-Main Entrance Al Tagamoa Al Khames, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Gamal Esmat
- Endemic Medicine and Hepatology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Molecular Pathology Research Group, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City-Main Entrance Al Tagamoa Al Khames, Cairo, Egypt
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, New Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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Mahdy MM, El-Ekiaby NM, Hashish RM, Salah RA, Hanafi RS, El-Said Azzazy HM, Abdelaziz AI. miR-29a Promotes Lipid Droplet and Triglyceride Formation in HCV Infection by Inducing Expression of SREBP-1c and CAV1. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2016; 4:293-299. [PMID: 28097097 PMCID: PMC5225148 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2016.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: To examine the regulation of SREBP-1c and CAV1 by microRNA-29a (miR-29a) in cells infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in an attempt to control HCV-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: In order to examine the manipulation of SREBP-1c and CAV1 by miR-29a, oleic acid (OA)-treated JFH-I-infected Huh-7 cells were used. OA was added 24 h post-transfection and gene expression was investigated by qRT-PCR at 48 h post treatment. The functional impact of the observed alteration in SREBP-1c and CAV1 expression was analyzed by examining lipid droplet (LD) and triglyceride (TG) content at 72 h post-OA treatment using light microscopy and spectrophotometry, respectively. Viral load was quantified by qRT-PCR at 72 h post-transfection. Results: OA treatment induced the expression of miR-29a and SREBP-1c, as compared to untreated cells. Forced miR-29a expression led to a significant up-regulation of SREBP-1c as well as CAV1 compared to mock untransfected cells. Ectopic expression of miR-29a resulted in a marked increase in LDs and their respective TGs, while miR-29a antagomirs decreased both the LD and TG content compared to mock untransfected cells. Moreover, forcing the expression of miR-29a in JFH-1 HCV-infected Huh-7 cells resulted in 53% reduction in viral titers compared to mock untransfected Huh-7 cells. Conclusion: Inducing miR-29a expression significantly induces SREBP-1c and CAV1 expression, thereby increasing LDs as well as their respective TGs. Nonetheless, forcing the expression of miR-29a resulted in reduction of HCV RNA levels in Huh-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nada Magdy El-Ekiaby
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Egypt
- School of Medicine, NewGiza University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana Mahmoud Hashish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Egypt
| | - Radwa Ayman Salah
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rasha Sayed Hanafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Ihab Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Egypt
- School of Medicine, NewGiza University, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence to: Ahmed Ihab Abdelaziz, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Newgiza University, Cairo 11431, Egypt. Tel: +20-238277847, E-mail:
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Zhang Z, Zhao S, Yao Z, Wang L, Shao J, Chen A, Zhang F, Zheng S. Autophagy regulates turnover of lipid droplets via ROS-dependent Rab25 activation in hepatic stellate cell. Redox Biol 2016; 11:322-334. [PMID: 28038427 PMCID: PMC5199192 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a pivotal event in liver fibrosis, characterized by dramatic disappearance of lipid droplets (LDs). Although LD disappearance has long been considered one of the hallmarks of HSC activation, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of autophagy in the process of LD disappearance, and to further examine the underlying mechanisms in this molecular context. We found that LD disappearance during HSC activation was associated with a coordinate increase in autophagy. Inhibition or depletion of autophagy by Atg5 siRNA impaired LD disappearance of quiescent HSCs, and also restored lipocyte phenotype of activated HSCs. In contrast, induction of autophagy by Atg5 plasmid accelerated LD loss of quiescent HSCs. Importantly, our study also identified a crucial role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the facilitation of autophagy activation. Antioxidants, such as glutathione and N-acetyl cysteine, significantly abrogated ROS production, and in turn, prevented autophagosome generation and autophagic flux during HSC activation. Besides, we found that HSC activation triggered Rab25 overexpression, and promoted the combination of Rab25 and PI3KCIII, which direct autophagy to recognize, wrap and degrade LDs. Down-regulation of Rab25 activity, using Rab25 siRNA, blocked the target recognition of autophagy on LDs, and inhibited LD disappearance of quiescent HSCs. Moreover, the scavenging of excessive ROS could disrupt the interaction between autophagy and Rab25, and increase intracellular lipid content. Overall, these results provide novel implications to reveal the molecular mechanism of LD disappearance during HSC activation, and also identify ROS-Rab25-dependent autophagy as a potential target for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Autophagosome generation and autophagic flux are increased during HSC activation. The inhibition of autophagy blocks LD disappearance of quiescent HSCs. The induction of autophagy accelerates LD disappearance of quiescent HSCs. Rab25 activation is required for autophagy to degrade LDs during HSC activation. Mitochondrial H2O2 production triggers autophagy activation during HSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shifeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhen Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jiangjuan Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St Louis., MO 63104, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.
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