1
|
Thiel P, Kobylianskii A, McGrattan M, Lemos N. Entrapped by pain: The diagnosis and management of endometriosis affecting somatic nerves. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2024:102502. [PMID: 38735767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Somatic nerve entrapment caused by endometriosis is an underrecognized and often misdiagnosed issue that leads to many women suffering unnecessarily. While the classic symptoms of endometriosis are well-known to the gynaecologic surgeon, the dermatomal-type pain caused by endometriosis impacting neural structures is not within gynecologic day-to-day practice, which often complicates diagnosis and delays treatment. A thorough understanding of pelvic neuroanatomy and a neuropelveologic approach is required for accurate assessments of patients with endometriosis and nerve entrapment. Magnetic resonance imaging is the preferred imaging modality for this presentation of endometriosis. Surgical management with laparoscopic or robotic-assisted techniques is the preferred approach to treatment, with excellent long-term results reported after nerve detrapment and endometriosis excision. The review calls for increased awareness and education on the links between endometriosis and the nervous system, advocating for patient-centered care and further research to refine the diagnosis and treatment of this challenging condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Thiel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Gynecology, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Kobylianskii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Gynecology, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meghan McGrattan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Gynecology, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nucelio Lemos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Gynecology, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Gynecology, University of Sao Paolo, Sao Paolo, Brazil; Department of Neuropelveology and Advanced Pelvic Surgery, Institute for Care and Rehabilitation in Neuropelveology and Gynecology (INCREASING), Sao Paolo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Naem A, Krentel H, Moawad G, Naem J, Venezia R, Etrusco A, Terzic S, Laganà AS. Hormonal Therapies before in vitro fertilization in women with endometriosis: The Minotaur's Labyrinth and the Ariadne's Thread. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2024:102500. [PMID: 38772765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Endometriosis-related infertility is one of the most debated topics in reproductive medicine. In recent years, prolonged pre-cycle hormonal regimens gained attention as a mean of improving the assisted reproduction technologies (ART) success rates in endometriosis patients. GnRH agonists, dienogest, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and aromatase inhibitors are the most studied medications. Conflicting results and a high risk of bias exist in almost all of the conducted studies in the field. However, current evidence suggests that pre-cycle treatment with GnRH agonists may be beneficial for patients with stage III/IV endometriosis. Dienogest and medroxyprogesterone acetate-based progestin-primed ovarian stimulation protocol was shown to be comparable to the prolonged GnRH agonists protocol. Finally, aromatase inhibitors seem to be of limited benefit to the assisted reproductive outcomes of endometriosis patients. Although it is challenging to draw any clinical conclusions, pre-cycle hormonal treatments seem to be best indicated in endometriosis patients who had previously failed ART treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Naem
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology and Senology, Bethesda Hospital Duisburg, 47053 Duisburg, Germany; Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Harald Krentel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology and Senology, Bethesda Hospital Duisburg, 47053 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Gaby Moawad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; The Center for Endometriosis and Advanced Pelvic Surgery, Washington, DC 22101, USA
| | - Joelle Naem
- Faculty of Medicine of Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Renato Venezia
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Paolo Giaccone" Hospital, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Etrusco
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Paolo Giaccone" Hospital, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sanja Terzic
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Zhanybek-Kerey Khans Street 5/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Paolo Giaccone" Hospital, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cohen SB, Dabi Y, Burke Y, Mamadov N, Manoim N, Mashiach R, Berkowitz E, Bouaziz J, Nicolas-Boluda A, Grazia Porpora M, Ziv-Baran T. Laparoscopic nerve lysis for deep endometriosis improves quality of life and chronic pain levels: A pilot study. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2024; 53:102778. [PMID: 38570115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2024.102778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the benefit of surgical management of patients with endometriosis infiltrating pelvic nerves in terms of pain, analgesic consumption, and quality of life (QOL). METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study In an Endometriosis referral center at a tertiary care university affiliated medical center. Patients diagnosed with endometriosis that underwent laparoscopic neurolysis for chronic pain were included. Patients rated their pain before and after surgery and differentiated between chronic pain and acute crises. Patients were requested to maintain a record of analgesic consumption and to evaluate their quality-of-life (QOL). RESULTS Of the 21 patients in our study 15 (71.5 %) had obturator nerve involvement, 2 (9.5 %) had pudendal nerve involvement and 4 (19 %) had other pelvic nerve involvement. Median postoperative follow - up was of 8 months. All but 2 patients (9.6 %) had significant chronic pain improvement with a mean decrease of VAS of 3.05 (±2.5). Analgesic habits changed postoperatively with a significant decrease of 66 % of patients' daily consumption of any analgesics. Surgery improved QOL in 12 cases (57.1 %) and two patients (9.6 %) completely recovered with a high QOL. CONCLUSION Neurolysis and excision of endometriosis of pelvic nerves could results in significant improvement of quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shlomo B Cohen
- Endometriosis and Chronic Pelvic Pain Unit, Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yohann Dabi
- Sorbonne University,Department of obstetrics and gynecology Tenon Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France.
| | - Yechiel Burke
- Endometriosis and Chronic Pelvic Pain Unit, Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nicole Mamadov
- Endometriosis and Chronic Pelvic Pain Unit, Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Manoim
- Endometriosis and Chronic Pelvic Pain Unit, Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Roy Mashiach
- Endometriosis and Chronic Pelvic Pain Unit, Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Elad Berkowitz
- Endometriosis and Chronic Pelvic Pain Unit, Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Jerome Bouaziz
- Department of Research, One Clinic, 25 Boulevard Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alba Nicolas-Boluda
- Department of Research, One Clinic, 25 Boulevard Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Tomer Ziv-Baran
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zamurovic M, Tomic A, Djordjevic K, Simanic S, Sopta J, Rasulic L, Simic L, Jevtic J, Nedeljkovic-Arsenovic O, Rovcanin M. Isolated Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis of the Sciatic Nerve: A Case Report and Overview of the Literature. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2161. [PMID: 38138264 PMCID: PMC10744389 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Isolated deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) of sacral nerve roots or major pelvic nerves, including the sciatic nerve, is considered to be extremely rare. Due to the overlap with sciatica symptoms, the diagnosis of sciatica DIE is difficult yet crucial, as it results in permanent neural damage if left untreated. We report a case of a 45-year-old woman who experienced a three-year-long and recently exacerbating pain in her right leg, accompanied by a tingling sensation and weakness in her right leg and foot, with difficulty walking. In between regular menstrual bleedings, when her aforementioned symptoms worsened, she had been experiencing mild 10-day extra-cyclical bleeding. Her neurologist's, orthopedist's, and gynecological examinations were unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an infiltrative lesion on the right sciatic nerve that was immunohistochemically confirmed to be endometriosis. The patient was treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa), which led to a significantly diminished size of the lesion on the control MRI, and endometriosis remission was obtained. For persistent mild, but cyclical, pain and muscle weakness, continuous progestagnes were administered, with advice for physical therapy provided for her neuro-muscle rehabilitation and a scheduled check-up in 6 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Zamurovic
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Narodni Front, Kraljice Natalije 62, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Tomic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- University Clinical Center of Serbia, Center for Radiology and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Djordjevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sara Simanic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Sopta
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department for Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4/2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lukas Rasulic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Functional Neurosurgery and Pain Management Surgery, Clinic for Neurosurgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Koste Todorovica 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubica Simic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department for Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4/2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovan Jevtic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department for Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4/2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olga Nedeljkovic-Arsenovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- University Clinical Center of Serbia, Center for Radiology and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Rovcanin
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Narodni Front, Kraljice Natalije 62, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
D'Ancona G, Merlot B, Verrelli L, Boulos S, Dennis T, Roman H. Robotic management of isolated endometriosis of sciatic nerve: a reproducible approach that can guide through the labyrinth of pelvic neuroanatomy. Fertil Steril 2023; 120:703-705. [PMID: 37302779 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present the robotic, standardized, and reproducible surgical technique we routinely use in our center to manage isolated endometriosis of the sciatic nerve. DESIGN Surgical video article. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENT A 36-year-old woman suffering from left-sided sciatica pain was diagnosed with an isolated endometriotic nodule of the left sciatic nerve at preoperative assessment. The patient included in this video gave consent for publication of the video and posting of the video online, including on social media, the journal website, scientific literature websites (such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus), and other applicable sites. INTERVENTION(S) Complete removal of the isolated endometriotic nodule of the sciatic nerve may be performed through a stepwise robotic approach. The surgery starts laterally with the opening of the iliolumbar space between the external iliac vessels and the psoas muscle, as well as the identification of the genitofemoral and obturator nerves. The lumbosacral trunk and emergence of the sciatic nerve were then identified medially and caudally to the obturator nerve. The surgery moves medially with the anterograde dissection of both the internal iliac artery and vein, which allows a safe approach to the posterior and medial limits of the nodule. Ligation of branches of internal iliac vessels directed toward the nodule may be necessary during this step. Isolation and ligation of obturator vessels are frequently required to obtain a bloodless dissection of the lateral limit of the nodule from the lateral pelvic wall. The complete removal of the nodule was then achieved using an alternating approach to all limits of the nodule previously identified, with subsequent release of the sciatic nerve. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Description of the relevant pelvic neuroanatomy and the evaluation of robotic routes in the field of pelvic neurosurgery. RESULT(S) The use of standardized techniques together with the advantages of a robotic route can make the radical excision of isolated endometriosis of the sciatic nerve reproducible, feasible, and safe. CONCLUSION(S) Because of the complexity of neuroanatomy and the risk of severe complications, this surgery remains challenging, and patients affected by deep infiltrating endometriosis involving retroperitoneal neural structures should be referred to multidisciplinary management in expert centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sari Boulos
- IFEMEndo, Clinique Tivoli-Ducos, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Horace Roman
- IFEMEndo, Clinique Tivoli-Ducos, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Comparison of Isolated Sciatic Nerve and Sacral Nerve Root Endometriosis: A Review of the Literature. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2022; 29:943-951. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
7
|
Aleksandrov A, Smith A, Botchorishvili R, Rabischong B. How to dissect the pelvic nerves: from microanatomy to surgical rules. An evidence-based clinical review. Facts Views Vis Obgyn 2022; 14:17-29. [PMID: 35373544 PMCID: PMC9612858 DOI: 10.52054/fvvo.14.1.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Advanced gynaecological procedures often include extensive pelvic dissections, with the nervous structures involved in the disease. Nerve-sparing and preservation is a key factor in reducing postoperative morbidity.
Objectives: The goal of this review is to describe in detail the structure of the pelvic nerves and to gather information from other surgical specialties to give recommendations for safe nerve dissection applied in different gynaecological subspecialties.
Materials and methods: An extensive literature review was carried out in PubMed and Google Scholar. The search included articles concerning peripheral nerve anatomy, mechanisms of injury and different dissection techniques, with the most exhaustive being analysed for the review. Articles from different fields of medicine like orthopaedics, plastic surgery, maxillofacial surgery dealing with peripheral nerve injuries and repair have been reviewed.
Results: The following review demonstrates the in-depth anatomy and mechanism of injury of the peripheral nerves, describes the different techniques for neurolysis and proposes some directions for safe nerve dissection.
Conclusion: When performing complex gynaecological surgeries, the surgeon should avoid unnecessary nerve handling, apply nerve-sparing techniques whenever possible and use the new devices to preserve the nervous structures. Advanced gynaecological surgeries should be performed in specialised centres by expert surgeons with comprehensive knowledge in neuropelveology.
What is new? To our knowledge, this is the first article focused on peripheral nerves that collects data from such a wide range of specialties in order to propose the most comprehensive recommendations that could be applied in pelvic surgery.
Collapse
|
8
|
Possover M. Laparoscopic morphological aspects and tentative explanation of the aetiopathogenesis of isolated endometriosis of the sciatic nerve: a review based on 267 patients. Facts Views Vis Obgyn 2021; 13:369-375. [PMID: 35026098 PMCID: PMC9148715 DOI: 10.52054/fvvo.13.4.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endometriosis of the sciatic nerve (ESN) is considered a rare disease. How can endometriosis develop within the sciatic nerve; a structure which has nothing in common with the uterus either anatomically or functionally, and why it occurs in the absence of any retroperitoneal/parametric endometriosis, is unknown. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of this enigmatic disease may improve its diagnosis and therapy. Materials and Methods From a pool of 452 patients operated for ESN, only patients with “isolated” endometriosis of the sciatic nerve” confirmed at laparoscopy were included in this study. Patients with suspicion of ESN by extension from a parametric, ovarian or other intraperitoneal deeply infiltrating endometriosis were excluded from this study. Main outcome measure All information acquired during the preoperative patient’s medical history and clinical examination were collected and compared with the morphological aspects of the disease observed by the laparoscopic treatment. Patients were classified into three groups according to the time interval between the onset of sciatic pain and the time of surgery: less than 1 year (Group 1), between 1 and 3 years (Group 2), and more than 3 years (Group 3). Results Two hundred sixty-seven consecutive patients were included in this study. In Group 1 (n=67), 76% of the patients presented with cyclical sciatica, without sensory or motor disorders of the lower limbs. Laparoscopic exploration found in the great majority of these patients only the presence of an isolated endometrioma in the nerve itself, the size of which was proportional to the time elapsed since the onset of pain. In Group 2 (n=83), pain had become constant in 91% of the patients with neurological disorders of the lower limb (foot drop, Trendelenburg gait, atrophied muscles) in about 30% of patients. Laparoscopic examination revealed, in addition to intraneural cystic lesions, a retroperitoneal fibrosis in more than 80% of the patients. In the third group (N=117), more than 80% of the patients presented with neurological disorders of the lower limb, with, on laparoscopic examination, massive retroperitoneal fibrosis with endometriomas in the nerve and adjacent pelvic wall muscles in all patients and an infiltration of the obturator nerve in 41% of patients. Conclusions The different morphologic aspects of ESN do not correspond to different forms of the disease, but obviously to one single disease at different stages of its evolution. ENS starts first with the development of an endometrioma within the sciatic nerve, then develops in a second step a perineural fibrosis that expands into the whole retroperitoneal space and finally involves surrounding anatomical structures. The ESN is a very particular pathology because it induces a completely new aspect on the pathogenesis of endometriosis: all hypothesis of implanted endometrial cells following retrograde menstruation, angiogenic spread, lymphogenic spread or the metaplasia theory cannot explain the pathogenesis of this disease. ESN obviously does not develop from “genital metastatic cells”. A possible hypothesis for explanation the pathogenesis of ESN, could consist in the development of endometriosis of the nerve from progenitor stem cells present within the nerve, pluripotent cells which, for an as yet unknown reason (possibly in connection with iterative inflammations and micro-damages of the nerve itself), mutate and proliferate to form endometriosis.
Collapse
|
9
|
Bordonné C, Puntonet J, Maitrot-Mantelet L, Bourdon M, Marcellin L, Dion E, Plu-Bureau G, Santulli P, Chapron C. Imaging for evaluation of endometriosis and adenomyosis. Minerva Obstet Gynecol 2021; 73:290-303. [PMID: 34008384 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-606x.21.04710-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis and adenomyosis are two frequent diseases that impair women's quality of life by causing pain and infertility. Both endometriosis and adenomyosis are heterogeneous diseases that manifest as different forms. Adenomyosis may be described as diffuse adenomyosis, focal adenomyosis especially of the outer myometrium and cystic adenomyoma. Endometriosis has three phenotypes: superficial peritoneal endometriosis (SUP), ovarian endometrioma (OMA), and deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). These two diseases are closely linked, and it is now clear that adenomyosis can either arise on its own or coexist with endometriosis. There is a strong clinical relationship between endometriosis and adenomyosis according to their respective phenotypes. Various classifications are available to describe both diseases. Transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS) and/or pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the first examination performed when endometriosis or adenomyosis are suspected. These two imaging techniques, used in a combination manner, allow accurate description of both endometriosis and adenomyosis, to assess the diagnosis and to improve clinical and surgical care. In this review, we described the different imaging aspects of endometriosis and adenomyosis to help the less experienced radiologist or gynecologist in the diagnosis and evaluation of those diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Bordonné
- Section of Radiology, APHP - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France - .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris, Paris, France -
| | - Julien Puntonet
- Section of Radiology, APHP - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lorraine Maitrot-Mantelet
- Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology II and of Reproduction Medicine, APHP - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Cochin, Paris, France.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, INSERM, Cochin Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Bourdon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris, Paris, France.,Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology II and of Reproduction Medicine, APHP - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Cochin, Paris, France.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, INSERM, Cochin Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Louis Marcellin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris, Paris, France.,Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology II and of Reproduction Medicine, APHP - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Cochin, Paris, France.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, INSERM, Cochin Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Dion
- Section of Radiology, APHP - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Plu-Bureau
- Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology II and of Reproduction Medicine, APHP - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Cochin, Paris, France.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, INSERM, Cochin Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pietro Santulli
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris, Paris, France.,Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology II and of Reproduction Medicine, APHP - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Cochin, Paris, France.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, INSERM, Cochin Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Charles Chapron
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris, Paris, France.,Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology II and of Reproduction Medicine, APHP - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Cochin, Paris, France.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, INSERM, Cochin Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sanguin S, Roman H, Foulon A, Gondry J, Havet E, Klein C. Deep infiltrating endometriosis with sacral plexus involvement: Improving knowledge through human cadaver dissection. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2021; 50:102129. [PMID: 33781973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to assess a human cadaver model of sacral plexus dissection for learning about deep innervation in the female pelvis, and the latter's relationship with deep infiltrating endometriosis. METHODS This was a prospective, observational study. Eight residents in obstetrics and gynecology were tested before and after a lecture on innervation of the female pelvis and a cadaver dissection class. Standardized cadaver dissection was used to identify the sacral nerve roots S2 to S4, superior and inferior hypogastric plexuses, hypogastric nerve, and splanchnic nerves. RESULTS The residents' level of knowledge improved significantly after a one-hour lecture (p = 0.9.10-5) and after a cadaver dissection class (p = 0.6.10-6). The improvement was significantly greater for the dissection class (p = 0.0003). All the pelvic nerve structures were identified in all but one of the cadavers and had similar measurements. A vascular anatomical variant was observed in one case. CONCLUSION A human cadaver model is of value for learning about deep pelvic innervation and the latter's relationship with deep infiltrating endometriosis. The reproducibility and safety of cadaver dissection might improve surgical skills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Sanguin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, F-80054, France
| | - Horace Roman
- Endometriosis Center, Clinique Tivoli-Ducos, F- 33000, Bordeaux, France; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Medical Center, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Arthur Foulon
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, F-80054, France
| | - Jean Gondry
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, F-80054, France
| | - Eric Havet
- Anatomy Laboratory, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, F-80054, France
| | - Céline Klein
- Anatomy Laboratory, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, F-80054, France; Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Amiens University Medical Center and Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, F-80054, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gandhi J, Wilson AL, Liang R, Weissbart SJ, Khan SA. Sciatic endometriosis: A narrative review of an unusual neurogynecologic condition. JOURNAL OF ENDOMETRIOSIS AND PELVIC PAIN DISORDERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2284026520970813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a condition in which there is an ectopic growth of endometrial tissue. Sciatic endometriosis, otherwise known as catamenial sciatica, is a rare but exceedingly significant presentation of endometriosis. Symptoms include cyclic sciatic pain that peaks during the menstrual period; additionally, paresthesia, paresis, and areflexia may occur with this condition. Sciatic endometriosis can be presumptively diagnosed in response to empiric treatment (e.g. gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs) or imaging studies, but a definitive diagnosis of sciatic endometriosis may occur from examining tissue obtained during surgery. Surgical removal of endometriosis from the sciatic nerve root can potentially eliminate symptoms while maintaining normal reproductive function, though poses particular surgical risks. Familiarity with this rare condition is paramount to making this diagnosis and the initiation of earlier treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Gandhi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Medical Student Research Institute, St. George’s University School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Anthony L Wilson
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Raymond Liang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Steven J Weissbart
- Department of Urology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Women’s Pelvic Health & Continence Center, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Sardar Ali Khan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Siddiq MAB, Clegg D, Hasan SA, Rasker JJ. Extra-spinal sciatica and sciatica mimics: a scoping review. Korean J Pain 2020; 33:305-317. [PMID: 32989195 PMCID: PMC7532296 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2020.33.4.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Not all sciatica-like manifestations are of lumbar spine origin. Some of them are caused at points along the extra-spinal course of the sciatic nerve, making diagnosis difficult for the treating physician and delaying adequate treatment. While evaluating a patient with sciatica, straightforward diagnostic conclusions are impossible without first excluding sciatica mimics. Examples of benign extra-spinal sciatica are: piriformis syndrome, walletosis, quadratus lumborum myofascial pain syndrome, cluneal nerve disorder, and osteitis condensans ilii. In some cases, extra-spinal sciatica may have a catastrophic course when the sciatic nerve is involved in cyclical sciatica, or the piriformis muscle in piriformis pyomyositis. In addition to cases of sciatica with clear spinal or extra-spinal origin, some cases can be a product of both origins; the same could be true for pseudo-sciatica or sciatica mimics, we simply don’t know how prevalent extra-spinal sciatica is among total sciatica cases. As treatment regimens differ for spinal, extra-spinal sciatica, and sciatica-mimics, their precise diagnosis will help physicians to make a targeted treatment plan. As published works regarding extra-spinal sciatica and sciatica mimics include only a few case reports and case series, and systematic reviews addressing them are hardly feasible at this stage, a scoping review in the field can be an eye-opener for the scientific community to do larger-scale prospective research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Bakar Siddiq
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Brahmanbaria Medical College, Brahmanbaria, Bangladesh.,School of Health Sport and Professional Practice, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
| | - Danny Clegg
- School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzon Al Hasan
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Rajshahai Medical College, Rajshahai, Bangladesh
| | - Johannes J Rasker
- Faculty of Behavioral Management and Social Sciences, Psychology Health and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
What abdominal radiologists should know about extragenital endometriosis-associated neuropathy. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020; 45:1818-1828. [PMID: 30539250 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-018-1864-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to provide an overview of endometriosis-associated neuropathy and to review main anatomical concepts of intrapelvic peripheral nerves. METHODS In this pictorial essay, we review the anatomy of pelvic nerves and imaging features of endometriosis-associated neuropathy. We also evaluate clinical findings, imaging features, and outcome of seven patients with endometriosis-associated neuropathy. RESULTS Nerve involvement by endometriosis is rare and may manifest with neurological symptoms, including pain, muscle weakness, bowel and bladder incontinence, and paraplegia. The neural involvement may be isolated or caused by a direct extension of a deep infiltrating endometriosis of the pelvic structure. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a reliable imaging modality for detecting neural involvement of endometriosis. On MRI, the main imaging features are retractile fibrous tissue and endometriomas. The signal intensity of the endometriotic tissue may vary depending on the age of the hemorrhage and the proportion of endometrial cells and stroma. Early diagnosis and treatment may avoid permanent neural damage. CONCLUSION Considering that patients with endometriosis usually undergo pelvic MRI, which is generally reported by a non-musculoskeletal-trained radiologist, abdominal radiologists need to be familiar with the pelvic nerve anatomy and the possible patterns of presentation of neural endometriosis. Early diagnosis may obviate permanent nerve damage and MRI is a reliable tool for the diagnosis.
Collapse
|
14
|
Extrapelvic Sciatic Nerve Endometriosis, the Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Case Report and Systematic Review. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2019; 43:976-980. [PMID: 31688247 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis (EN) is a common gynecological condition characterized by the presence of functional endometrium located outside the uterine cavity. Sciatic nerve (SN) is rarely affected by EN. Magnetic resonance imaging allows a direct visualization of the spinal and SN, and it is the modality of choice for the study of SN involvement in extrapelvic EN. We report a case of an endometrioma located in the right SN with a systematic review of the literature.
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu Z, Chen S, Qiu C, Sun Y, Li W, Jiang J, Zhang JM. Fractalkine/CX3CR1 Contributes to Endometriosis-Induced Neuropathic Pain and Mechanical Hypersensitivity in Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:495. [PMID: 30622457 PMCID: PMC6309014 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is the most severe and common symptom of endometriosis. Its underlying pathogenetic mechanism is poorly understood. Nerve sensitization is a particular research challenge, due to the limitations of general endometriosis models and sampling nerve tissue from patients. The chemokine fractalkine (FKN) has been demonstrated to play a key role in various forms of neuropathic pain, while its role in endometriotic pain is unknown. Our study was designed to explore the function of FKN in the development and maintenance of peripheral hyperalgesia and central sensitization in endometriosis using a novel endometriosis animal model developed in our laboratory. After modeling, behavioral tests were carried out and the optimal time for molecular changes was obtained. We extracted ectopic tissues and L4-6 spinal cords to detect peripheral and central roles for FKN, respectively. To assess morphologic characteristics of endometriosis-like lesions-as well as expression and location of FKN/CX3CR1-we performed H&E staining, immunostaining, and western blotting analyses. Furthermore, inhibition of FKN expression in the spinal cord was achieved by intrathecal administration of an FKN-neutralizing antibody to demonstrate its function. Our results showed that implanted autologous uterine tissue around the sciatic nerve induced endometriosis-like lesions and produced mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia. FKN was highly expressed on macrophages, whereas its receptor CX3CR1 was overexpressed in the myelin sheath of sciatic nerve fibers. Overexpressed FKN was also observed in neurons. CX3CR1/pp38-MAPK was upregulated in activated microglia in the spinal dorsal horn. Intrathecal administration of FKN-neutralizing antibody not only reversed the established mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia, but also inhibited the expression of CX3CR1/pp38-MAPK in activated microglia, which was essential for the persistence of central sensitization. We concluded that the FKN/CX3CR1 signaling pathway might be one of the mechanisms of peripheral hyperalgesia in endometriosis, which requires further studies. Spinal FKN is important for the development and maintenance of central sensitization in endometriosis, and it may further serve as a novel therapeutic target to relieve persistent pain associated with endometriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Chunping Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaqiong Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun-Ming Zhang
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chamié LP, Ribeiro DMFR, Tiferes DA, Macedo Neto ACD, Serafini PC. Atypical Sites of Deeply Infiltrative Endometriosis: Clinical Characteristics and Imaging Findings. Radiographics 2018; 38:309-328. [PMID: 29320327 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2018170093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue that is located outside the uterine cavity and associated with fibrosis and inflammatory reaction. It is a polymorphic and multifocal disease with no known cure or preventive mechanisms. Patients may be asymptomatic or may experience chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, or infertility. The pelvic cavity is the most common location for endometriotic implants, which usually affect the retrocervical space, ovaries, vagina, rectosigmoid colon, bladder dome, and round ligaments. Atypical endometriosis is rare and difficult to diagnose. The most common atypical locations are the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, lung, umbilicus, inguinal area, breast, and pelvic nerves, as well as abdominal surgical scars. Gastrointestinal lesions are the most common extragenital manifestation, and the diaphragm is the most frequent extrapelvic site. The catamenial nature of the symptoms (occurring between 24 hours before and 72 hours after the onset of menstruation) may help suggest the diagnosis, but imaging by specialists is fundamental to evaluation. Depending on the area affected, radiography, ultrasonography, thin-section computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging can be used to assess suspected lesions. Because isolated extragenital endometriosis is rare, concomitant evaluation of the pelvic cavity is mandatory. Surgical excision is the only therapeutic option for definitive treatment, and comprehensive disease mapping is necessary to avoid residual disease. The authors review atypical locations for endometriosis and emphasize the most appropriate imaging protocols for investigation of various clinical manifestations. Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana P Chamié
- From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Chamié Imagem da Mulher, Rua Casa do Ator, 1117, cj 72, São Paulo, SP 04546-004, Brazil (L.P.C.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil (L.P.C., D.A.T., A.C.M.N.); Department of Female Reconstructive Surgery, Clínica Doutor Duarte Miguel Ferreira Rodrigues Ribeiro, São Paulo, Brazil (D.M.F.R.R.); and Department of Gynecology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.C.S.)
| | - Duarte Miguel Ferreira Rodrigues Ribeiro
- From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Chamié Imagem da Mulher, Rua Casa do Ator, 1117, cj 72, São Paulo, SP 04546-004, Brazil (L.P.C.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil (L.P.C., D.A.T., A.C.M.N.); Department of Female Reconstructive Surgery, Clínica Doutor Duarte Miguel Ferreira Rodrigues Ribeiro, São Paulo, Brazil (D.M.F.R.R.); and Department of Gynecology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.C.S.)
| | - Dario A Tiferes
- From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Chamié Imagem da Mulher, Rua Casa do Ator, 1117, cj 72, São Paulo, SP 04546-004, Brazil (L.P.C.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil (L.P.C., D.A.T., A.C.M.N.); Department of Female Reconstructive Surgery, Clínica Doutor Duarte Miguel Ferreira Rodrigues Ribeiro, São Paulo, Brazil (D.M.F.R.R.); and Department of Gynecology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.C.S.)
| | - Augusto Cesar de Macedo Neto
- From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Chamié Imagem da Mulher, Rua Casa do Ator, 1117, cj 72, São Paulo, SP 04546-004, Brazil (L.P.C.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil (L.P.C., D.A.T., A.C.M.N.); Department of Female Reconstructive Surgery, Clínica Doutor Duarte Miguel Ferreira Rodrigues Ribeiro, São Paulo, Brazil (D.M.F.R.R.); and Department of Gynecology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.C.S.)
| | - Paulo C Serafini
- From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Chamié Imagem da Mulher, Rua Casa do Ator, 1117, cj 72, São Paulo, SP 04546-004, Brazil (L.P.C.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil (L.P.C., D.A.T., A.C.M.N.); Department of Female Reconstructive Surgery, Clínica Doutor Duarte Miguel Ferreira Rodrigues Ribeiro, São Paulo, Brazil (D.M.F.R.R.); and Department of Gynecology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.C.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Saar TD, Pacquée S, Conrad DH, Sarofim M, Rosnay PD, Rosen D, Cario G, Chou D. Endometriosis Involving the Sciatic Nerve: A Case Report of Isolated Endometriosis of the Sciatic Nerve and Review of the Literature. Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther 2018; 7:81-85. [PMID: 30254944 PMCID: PMC6113996 DOI: 10.4103/gmit.gmit_24_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynecological condition which affects 5–10% of women of reproductive age and up to 50% of women with pelvic pain and infertility. The most commonly affected areas are the pelvic peritoneum, ovaries and rectovaginal septum. Isolated endometriosis of the sciatic nerve is very rare. Our patient suffered from worsening right hip and buttock pain with severe exacerbation during menstruation. Several different imaging modalities (ultrasound of her pelvis and right hip, as well as X-rays and computed tomography scans of her right hip and lumbosacral spine) failed to identify any pathology. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of her pelvis revealed a 3.5 cm endometriotic lesion over the pelvic segment of her right sciatic nerve. Following a multidisciplinary discussion, the patient underwent laparoscopic excision of endometriosis. The patient recovered well from her surgery. She successfully conceived with in vitro fertilization 3 years after her surgery, following a failed course of Clomid (Clomiphene citrate) for ovulatory dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tal D Saar
- Sydney Women's Endosurgery Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - David Rosen
- Sydney Women's Endosurgery Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Greg Cario
- Sydney Women's Endosurgery Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Danny Chou
- Sydney Women's Endosurgery Centre, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Merlot B, Ploteau S, Abergel A, Rubob C, Hocke C, Canis M, Fritel X, Roman H, Collinet P. [Extragenital endometriosis: Parietal, thoracic, diaphragmatic and nervous lesions. CNGOF-HAS Endometriosis Guidelines]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [PMID: 29530553 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
According to some studies, extragenital endometriosis represents 5% of the localisations. Its prevalence seems to be underestimated. The extra pelvic localisation can make the diagnosis more difficult. Nevertheless, the recurrent and catamenial symptomatology can evoke this pathology. Surgery seems to be the unique efficient treatment for parietal lesions. Pain linked to nervous lesions (peripheric and sacral roots) seems to be underestimated and difficult to diagnose because of various localisations. Neurolysis seems to have encouraging results. Diaphragmatic lesions are often discovered either incidentally during laparoscopy, or by pulmonary symptomatology as recurrent catamenial pneumothorax or cyclic thoracic pain. Surgical treatment seems as well to be efficient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Merlot
- Service de chirurgie gynécologique, clinique Tivoli, 220, rue Mandron, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - S Ploteau
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, hôpital mère-enfant, CHU de Nantes, 8, boulevard Jean-Monnet, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - A Abergel
- Médecine de la reproduction, clinique Jean-Villar, avenue Maryse-Bastié, 33520 Bruges, France
| | - C Rubob
- Clinique de gynécologie, hôpital Jeanne-de-Flandre, université Lille-Nord-de-France, CHRU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - C Hocke
- Service de chirurgie gynécologique et médecine de la reproduction, centre Aliénor-d'Aquitaine, groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - M Canis
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et reproduction humaine, CHU Estaing, 1, place Lucie-Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - X Fritel
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, Inserm CIC 1402, université de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - H Roman
- Centre expert de diagnostic et prise en charge multidisciplinaire de l'endométriose, clinique gynécologique et obstétricale, CHU Charles-Nicolle, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen, France
| | - P Collinet
- Clinique de gynécologie, hôpital Jeanne-de-Flandre, université Lille-Nord-de-France, CHRU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Roman H, Ballester M, Loriau J, Canis M, Bolze PA, Niro J, Ploteau S, Rubod C, Yazbeck C, Collinet P, Rabischong B, Merlot B, Fritel X. [Strategies and surgical management of endometriosis: CNGOF-HAS Endometriosis Guidelines]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [PMID: 29526793 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The article presents French guidelines for surgical management of endometriosis. Surgical treatment is recommended for mild to moderate endometriosis, as it decreases pelvic painful complaints and increases the likelihood of postoperative conception in infertile patients (A). Surgery may be proposed in symptomatic patients with ovarian endometriomas which diameter exceeds 20mm. Cystectomy allows for better postoperative pregnancy rates when compared to ablation using bipolar current, as well as for lower recurrences rates when compared to ablation using bipolar current or CO2 laser. Ablation of ovarian endometriomas using bipolar current is not recommended (B). Surgery may be employed in patients with deep endometriosis infiltrating the colon and the rectum, with good impact on painful complaints and postoperative conception. In these patients, laparoscopic route increases the likelihood of postoperative spontaneous conception when compared to open route. When compared to conservative rectal procedures (shaving or disc excision), segmental colorectal resection increases the risk of postoperative stenosis, requiring additional endoscopic or surgical procedures. In large deep endometriosis infiltrating the rectum (>20mm length of bowel infiltration), conservative rectal procedures do not improve postoperative digestive function when compared to segmental resection. In patients with bowel anastomosis, placing anti-adhesion agents on contact with bowel suture is not recommended, due to higher risk of bowel fistula (C). Various other recommendations are proposed in the text, however, they are based on studies with low level of evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Roman
- Centre expert de diagnostic et prise en charge multidisciplinaire de l'endométriose, clinique gynécologique et obstétricale, CHU Charles Nicolle, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen, France.
| | - M Ballester
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, CHU Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - J Loriau
- Service de chirurgie digestive, groupe hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, 185, rue Raymond Losserand, 75001 Paris, France
| | - M Canis
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et reproduction humaine, CHU Estaing, 1, place Lucie Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Faculté de médecine, Encov-ISIT, UMR6284 CNRS, université d'Auvergne, 28, place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - P A Bolze
- Service de chirurgie gynécologique oncologique, obstétrique, CHU Lyon Sud, 165, chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - J Niro
- Service de chirurgie gynécologique, clinique Tivoli, 220, rue Mandron, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - S Ploteau
- Service de gynecologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, hôpital Mère-Enfant, CHU Nantes, 8, boulevard Jean-Monnet, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - C Rubod
- Clinique de gynécologie, hôpital Jeanne-de-Flandre, CHRU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Université Lille-Nord-de-France, 59000 Lille, France
| | - C Yazbeck
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital Foch, AP-HP, 40, rue Worth, 92151 Suresnes, France; Centre d'assistance médicale à la procréation, clinique Pierre Cherest, 5, rue Pierre Cherest, 92200 Neuilly-Sur-Seine, France
| | - P Collinet
- Clinique de gynécologie, hôpital Jeanne-de-Flandre, CHRU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Université Lille-Nord-de-France, 59000 Lille, France
| | - B Rabischong
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et reproduction humaine, CHU Estaing, 1, place Lucie Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Faculté de médecine, Encov-ISIT, UMR6284 CNRS, université d'Auvergne, 28, place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - B Merlot
- Service de chirurgie gynécologique, clinique Tivoli, 220, rue Mandron, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - X Fritel
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, inserm CIC 1402, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France; Inserm CIC 1402, 86000 Poitiers, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chiantera V, Petrillo M, Abesadze E, Sozzi G, Dessole M, Catello Di Donna M, Scambia G, Sehouli J, Mechsner S. Laparoscopic Neuronavigation for Deep Lateral Pelvic Endometriosis: Clinical and Surgical Implications. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2018; 25:1217-1223. [PMID: 29501810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical presentation and surgical outcome in patients with deep lateral pelvic endometriosis (dLPE). DESIGN A retrospective multicentric study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING University tertiary referral centers. PATIENTS One hundred forty-eight women with deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). INTERVENTIONS Laparoscopic excision of DIE. Disease distribution was classified as follows: central pelvic endometriosis (CPE) when DIE involved 1 of the following anatomic sites: cervix, vagina, uterosacral ligaments, rectum, bladder, or pelvic peritoneum; superficial lateral pelvic endometriosis when parametria, ureters, or hypogastric plexus were involved; and dLPE in the presence of sacral plexus and/or sciatic nerve infiltration. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS All patients showed CPE. LPE was detected in 116 cases (78.4%); among these, we observed dLPE in 41 patients (35.3%). dLPE occurred in 40% of women with CPE and in 72.7% of patients with hypogastric plexus involvement. Thirty women with dLPE (73.2%) received gastrointestinal or urologic resection in addition to gynecologic procedures compared with 40 patients (57.1%) without dLPE (p = .001). No differences were observed in terms of perioperative complications according to the presence of dLPE. According to univariate/multivariate analysis, chronic pelvic pain was the only predictor of dLPE (odds ratio = 3.041, p = .003). The median preoperative visual analog scale for dysmenorrhea (median = 8, range, 0-10) and dyspareunia (median = 5; range, 0-10) dropped to 0 after surgery. The median follow-up was 36 months (range, 6-66 months) with a recurrence rate of 8.8%. CONCLUSIONS dLPE is not a rare event in women with DIE. Complete laparoscopic removal of endometriosis seems to ensure benefit in terms of recurrence rate without increased surgical morbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vito Chiantera
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Petrillo
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Elene Abesadze
- Department of Gynecology, Charitè University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giulio Sozzi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | | | | | - Giovanni Scambia
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Gynecology, Charitè University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia Mechsner
- Department of Gynecology, Charitè University, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Foti PV, Farina R, Palmucci S, Vizzini IAA, Libertini N, Coronella M, Spadola S, Caltabiano R, Iraci M, Basile A, Milone P, Cianci A, Ettorre GC. Endometriosis: clinical features, MR imaging findings and pathologic correlation. Insights Imaging 2018; 9:149-172. [PMID: 29450853 PMCID: PMC5893487 DOI: 10.1007/s13244-017-0591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We illustrate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of endometriosis. Background Endometriosis is a chronic gynaecological condition affecting women of reproductive age and may cause pelvic pain and infertility. It is characterized by the growth of functional ectopic endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus and includes three different manifestations: ovarian endometriomas, peritoneal implants, deep pelvic endometriosis. The primary locations are in the pelvis; extrapelvic endometriosis may rarely occur. Diagnosis requires a combination of clinical history, invasive and non-invasive techniques. The definitive diagnosis is based on laparoscopy with histological confirmation. Diagnostic imaging is necessary for treatment planning. MRI is as a second-line technique after ultrasound. The MRI appearance of endometriotic lesions is variable and depends on the quantity and age of haemorrhage, the amount of endometrial cells, stroma, smooth muscle proliferation and fibrosis. The purpose of surgery is to achieve complete resection of all endometriotic lesions in the same operation. Conclusion Owing to the possibility to perform a complete assessment of all pelvic compartments at one time, MRI represents the best imaging technique for preoperative staging of endometriosis, in order to choose the more appropriate surgical approach and to plan a multidisciplinary team work. Teaching Points • Endometriosis includes ovarian endometriomas, peritoneal implants and deep pelvic endometriosis. • MRI is a second-line imaging technique after US. • Deep pelvic endometriosis is associated with chronic pelvic pain and infertility. • Endometriosis is characterized by considerable diagnostic delay. • MRI is the best imaging technique for preoperative staging of endometriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Valerio Foti
- Radiodiagnostic and Radiotherapy Unit, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Renato Farina
- Radiodiagnostic and Radiotherapy Unit, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Palmucci
- Radiodiagnostic and Radiotherapy Unit, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Ilenia Anna Agata Vizzini
- Radiodiagnostic and Radiotherapy Unit, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Norma Libertini
- Radiodiagnostic and Radiotherapy Unit, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Coronella
- Radiodiagnostic and Radiotherapy Unit, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Saveria Spadola
- Department G.F. Ingrassia - Institute of Pathology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department G.F. Ingrassia - Institute of Pathology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Iraci
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties - Institute of Obstetrics and Ginecology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Basile
- Radiodiagnostic and Radiotherapy Unit, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Pietro Milone
- Radiodiagnostic and Radiotherapy Unit, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Cianci
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties - Institute of Obstetrics and Ginecology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Carlo Ettorre
- Radiodiagnostic and Radiotherapy Unit, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Martin RL, Schröder RG, Gomez-Hoyos J, Khoury AN, Palmer IJ, McGovern RP, Martin HD. Accuracy of 3 Clinical Tests to Diagnose Proximal Hamstrings Tears With and Without Sciatic Nerve Involvement in Patients With Posterior Hip Pain. Arthroscopy 2018; 34:114-121. [PMID: 29203381 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2017.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the active hamstring test at 30° (A-30) and 90° (A-90) of knee flexion, the long stride heel strike (LSHS) test, and combination of the 3 tests for individuals with hamstring tendon tears, with and without sciatic nerve involvement. METHODS A retrospective review of 564 consecutive clinical records identified 42 subjects with a mean age of 50.31 ± 15 years who underwent a standard physical examination prior to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation and diagnostic injection for posterior hip. The physical examination included the A-30, A-90, and LSHS tests. Sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were calculated to determine the diagnostic accuracy of these 3 tests. RESULTS Forty-two subjects (female = 32 and male = 10) with a mean age of 50.31 years (range 15-77, ± SD 14.52) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Based on MRI and/or injection, 64.28% (27/42) of subjects were diagnosed with hamstring tear. Fourteen (51.85%) presented with sciatic nerve involvement. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio for each test were as follows: A-30 knee flexion: 0.73, 0.97, 23.43, 0.28, and 84.73; A-90 knee flexion: 0.62, 0.97, 20.00, 0.39, and 51.67; LSHS: 0.55, 0.73, 2.08, 0.61, and 3.44. The most accurate findings were obtained when the results of the A-30 and A-90 were combined, with sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio of 0.84, 0.97, 26.86, 0.17, and 161.89, respectively. CONCLUSION The combination of the active hamstring A-30 and A-90 tests proved to be a highly accurate and valuable tool to diagnose proximal hamstring tendons tears with or without sciatic nerve involvement in subjects presenting with posterior hip pain. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, diagnostic study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- RobRoy L Martin
- Department of Physical Therapy, Duquesne University, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.; UPMC Center for Sports Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | | | - Juan Gomez-Hoyos
- Orthopedic Unit, Clínica Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia; GRINMADE Research Group, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Anthony N Khoury
- Hip Preservation Center, Baylor Scott&White Health System, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Ian James Palmer
- Hip Preservation Center, Baylor Scott&White Health System, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Ryan P McGovern
- Rangos School of Health Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Hal David Martin
- Hip Preservation Center, Baylor Scott&White Health System, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A..
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Possover M. Five-Year Follow-Up After Laparoscopic Large Nerve Resection for Deep Infiltrating Sciatic Nerve Endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2017; 24:822-826. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
24
|
Maestre-Verdú S, Medrano-Martínez V, Pack C, Fernández-Izquierdo S, Francés-Pont I, Mallada-Frechin J, Piqueras-Rodríguez L. Alcock canal syndrome secondary to endometrial infiltration. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
25
|
Cimsit C, Yoldemir T, Akpinar IN. Sciatic neuroendometriosis: Magnetic resonance imaging defined perineural spread of endometriosis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2016; 42:890-894. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Canan Cimsit
- Department of Radiology; Marmara University Training and Research Hospital; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Tevfik Yoldemir
- Department of Radiology; Marmara University Training and Research Hospital; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ihsan Nuri Akpinar
- Department of Radiology; Marmara University Training and Research Hospital; Istanbul Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Capek S, Amrami KK, Howe BM, Collins MS, Sandroni P, Cheville JC, Spinner RJ. Sequential imaging of intraneural sciatic nerve endometriosis provides insight into symptoms of cyclical sciatica. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2016; 158:507-12; discussion 512. [PMID: 26743918 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-015-2683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis of the nerve often remains an elusive diagnosis. We report the first case of intraneural lumbosacral plexus endometriosis with sequential imaging at different phases of the menstrual cycle: during the luteal phase and menstruation. Compared to the first examination, the examination performed during the patient's period revealed the lumbosacral plexus larger and hyperintense on T2-weighted imaging. The intraneural endometriosis cyst was also larger and showed recent hemorrhage. Additionally, this case represents another example of perineural spread of endometriosis from the uterus to the lumbosacral plexus along the autonomic nerves and then distally to the sciatic nerve and proximally to the spinal nerves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Capek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, V Uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czech Republic.
| | - Kimberly K Amrami
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Benjamin M Howe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Mark S Collins
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Paola Sandroni
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - John C Cheville
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Robert J Spinner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen S, Xie W, Strong JA, Jiang J, Zhang JM. Sciatic endometriosis induces mechanical hypersensitivity, segmental nerve damage, and robust local inflammation in rats. Eur J Pain 2015; 20:1044-57. [PMID: 26688332 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a common cause of pain including radicular pain. Ectopic endometrial tissue may directly affect peripheral nerves including the sciatic, which has not been modelled in animals. METHODS We developed a rat model for sciatic endometriosis by grafting a piece of autologous uterine tissue around the sciatic nerve. Control animals underwent a similar surgery but received a graft of pelvic fat tissue. RESULTS The uterine grafts survived and developed fluid-filled cysts; the adjacent nerve showed signs of swelling and damage. Mechanical and cold hypersensitivity and allodynia of the ipsilateral hindpaw developed gradually over the first 2 weeks after the surgery, peaked at 2-5 weeks, and was almost resolved by 7 weeks. Control animals showed only minor changes in these pain behaviours. Histological signs of inflammation in the uterine graft and in the adjacent nerve were observed at 3 weeks but were resolving by 7 weeks. In vivo fibre recording showed increased spontaneous activity, especially of C-fibres, in sciatic nerve proximal to the uterine graft. Several pro-inflammatory cytokines including interluekin-18, VEGF, fractalkine, and MIP-1α, were elevated in the uterine graft plus sciatic nerve samples, compared to samples from normal nerve or nerve plus fat graft. Growth associated protein 43 (GAP43), a marker of regenerating nerve fibres, was observed in the adjacent sciatic nerve as well as in the uterine graft. CONCLUSIONS This model shared many features with other rat models of endometriosis, but also had some unique features more closely related to neuropathic pain models. WHAT DOES THIS STUDY/REVIEW ADD Some especially painful forms of endometriosis are essentially neuropathic, because peripheral nerves are directly affected by nearby ectopic endometrial tissue. We modelled endometriosis by implanting autologous uterine tissue around rat sciatic nerve. We observed mechanical and cold pain behaviours along with signs of inflammation and nerve damage and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines at the implant site. Pain behaviours correlated with signs of nerve inflammation and damage rather than with cyst survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - W Xie
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - J A Strong
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - J Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - J-M Zhang
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Siquara De Sousa AC, Capek S, Amrami KK, Spinner RJ. Neural involvement in endometriosis: Review of anatomic distribution and mechanisms. Clin Anat 2015; 28:1029-38. [DOI: 10.1002/ca.22617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Siquara De Sousa
- Department of Neurosurgery; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Gaffrée E Guinle University Hospital; Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro Brazil
| | - Stepan Capek
- Department of Neurosurgery; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
- International Clinical Research Center; St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Siquara de Sousa AC, Capek S, Howe BM, Jentoft ME, Amrami KK, Spinner RJ. Magnetic resonance imaging evidence for perineural spread of endometriosis to the lumbosacral plexus: report of 2 cases. Neurosurg Focus 2015; 39:E15. [DOI: 10.3171/2015.6.focus15208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sciatic nerve endometriosis (EM) is a rare presentation of retroperitoneal EM. The authors present 2 cases of catamenial sciatica diagnosed as sciatic nerve EM. They propose that both cases can be explained by perineural spread of EM from the uterus to the sacral plexus along the pelvic autonomie nerves and then further distally to the sciatic nerve or proximally to the spinal nerves. This explanation is supported by MRI evidence in both cases. As a proof of concept, the authors retrieved and analyzed the original MRI studies of a case reported in the literature and found a similar pattern of spread. They believe that the imaging evidence of their institutional cases together with the outside case is a very compelling indication for perineural spread as a mechanism of EM of the nerve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stepan Capek
- Departments of 1Neurosurgery,
- 5International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Alcock canal syndrome secondary to endometrial infiltration. Neurologia 2015; 32:264-266. [PMID: 26304654 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
31
|
Steinberg JA, Gonda DD, Muller K, Ciacci JD. Endometriosis of the conus medullaris causing cyclic radiculopathy. J Neurosurg Spine 2014; 21:799-804. [DOI: 10.3171/2014.7.spine14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Intramedullary spinal cord hematomas are a rare neurosurgical pathological entity typically arising from vascular and neoplastic lesions. Endometriosis is an extremely rare cause of intramedullary spinal cord hematoma, with only 5 previously reported cases in the literature. Endometriosis is characterized by ectopic endometrial tissue, typically located in the female pelvic cavity, that causes a cyclical pain syndrome, bleeding, and infertility. In the rare case of intramedullary endometriosis of the spinal cord, symptoms include cyclical lower-extremity radiculopathies and voiding difficulties, and can acutely cause cauda equina syndrome. The authors report a case of endometriosis of the conus medullaris, the first to include radiological, intraoperative, and histopathological imaging. A brief review of the literature is also presented, with discussion including etiological theories surrounding intramedullary endometriosis.
Collapse
|
32
|
Niro J, Fournier M, Oberlin C, Le Tohic A, Panel P. Endometriotic lesions of the lower troncular nerves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 42:702-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
33
|
Walch K, Kernstock T, Poschalko-Hammerle G, Gleiß A, Staudigl C, Wenzl R. Prevalence and severity of cyclic leg pain in women with endometriosis and in controls - effect of laparoscopic surgery. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 179:51-7. [PMID: 24965980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In addition to dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and subfertility, pain in the lower extremities has been described to be a further complaint in women affected by endometriosis, and lysis of nerve entrapment was thought to be associated with amelioration of leg pain. Therefore, we aimed to compare the prevalence of cyclic leg pain and pain intensity between women with endometriosis and without endometriosis, and to evaluate the effect of laparoscopic surgery. STUDY DESIGN Forty-four women with endometriosis and 58 controls were included in a prospective, controlled clinical trial at a University hospital/tertiary referral center. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires the day before and six to nine weeks after laparoscopy. The prevalence and intensity of leg pain and improvement after laparoscopic surgery, quantified according to a visual analog scale (VAS) score, were evaluated. We also recorded involvement of dermatomes, the presence and intensity of dysmenorrhea, and correlations between age, stage of endometriosis (rAFS-score), and preoperative VAS scores. RESULTS Before surgery, more women were affected by leg pain in the endometriosis group, compared to the control group (45.5% and 25.9%, respectively). Preoperative VAS scores for leg pain, however, were not significantly different between the two groups. A moderate correlation in the preoperative VAS scores between leg pain and dysmenorrhea was observed. After laparoscopy, we found a significant improvement in leg pain intensity in both groups. The mean difference in the VAS score for pain reduction between the study group and the control group was 0.74 (95% CI: -0.61-2.08), which was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of leg pain is increased in endometriosis, while leg pain intensity is not, compared to women without endometriosis. Laparoscopic surgery-even without preparation and decompression of nerve tissue-is associated with an improvement in pain intensity in women with endometriosis, as well as in the group without endometriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Walch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Tamara Kernstock
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gunda Poschalko-Hammerle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Gleiß
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Staudigl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - René Wenzl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pain in the upper anterior-lateral part of the thigh in women affected by endometriosis: study of sensitive neuropathy. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:122-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
35
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a chronic, recurring condition that can develop during the reproductive years. It is characterised by the development of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. It is the most common cause of pelvic pain in women. This endometrial tissue development is dependent on oestrogen produced primarily by the ovaries and, therefore, traditional management has focused on suppression of ovarian function. Mounting evidence shows that altered immune function plays a crucial role in the genesis and development of endometriosis. In this review we considered modulation of the inflammation as an alternative approach. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness and safety of anti-tumour necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) treatment in the management of endometriosis in premenopausal women. SEARCH METHODS For the first publication of this review, we searched for trials in the following databases (from their inception to August 2009): Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group Specialised Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. In addition, we searched all reference lists of included trials and contacted experts in the field in an attempt to locate trials. We reran this search to 3 September 2012 for this update. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing anti-TNF-α drugs with placebo, no treatment, medical treatment, or surgery for pelvic pain associated with endometriosis were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed trial quality, and extracted data using data extraction forms. The domains assessed for risk of bias were sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data, and selective outcome reporting. We used risk ratios (RR) for reporting dichotomous data with 95% confidence intervals (CI), whilst we expressed continuous data as mean differences (MD). We assessed statistical heterogeneity using the I(2) statistic. MAIN RESULTS Only one trial involving 21 participants was included. The results showed no evidence of an effect of infliximab, one of the known anti-TNF-α drugs, on pelvic pain reduction using the Biberoglu-Behrman (BB) score (0 to 3 scale) for participants (MD -0.14, 95% CI -0.43 to 0.15), the BB score for clinicians (MD -0.14, 95% CI -0.39 to 0.11), or a visual analogue pain score (VAS, 100 mm scale) (MD -5.60, 95% CI -16.10 to 4.90), or on the use of pain killers (ibuprofen, g/day) (MD -0.10, 95% CI -0.30 to 0.10). There was no evidence of an increase in adverse events in the infliximab group compared with placebo (RR 3.73, 95% CI 0.22 to 63.66). We found no evidence of clinical benefits of infliximab for endometriotic lesions, dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia, or pelvic tenderness. To date, there is no trial that has reported a cost-effectiveness analysis of anti-TNF-α drugs, or the odds of recurrence. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review was updated in 2012. The results of the original review published in 2010 remain unchanged. There is still not enough evidence to support the use of anti-TNF-α drugs in the management of women with endometriosis for the relief of pelvic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghao Lu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Peripheral nerve entrapments are frequent. They usually appear in anatomical tunnels such as the carpal tunnel. Nerve compressions may be due to external pressure such as the fibular nerve at the fibular head. Malignant or benign tumors may also damage the nerve. For each nerve from the upper and lower limbs, detailed clinical, electrophysiological, imaging, and therapeutic aspects are described. In the upper limbs, carpal tunnel syndrome and ulnar neuropathy at the elbow are the most frequent manifestations; the radial nerve is less frequently involved. Other nerves may occasionally be damaged and these are described also. In the lower limbs, the fibular nerve is most frequently involved, usually at the fibular head by external compression. Other nerves may also be involved and are therefore described. The clinical and electrophysiological examination are very important for the diagnosis, but imaging is also of great use. Treatments available for each nerve disease are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Bouche
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Endometriosis in the deltoid muscle: a case report. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00590-011-0851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
38
|
Laparoscopic implantation of neural electrodes on pelvic nerves: an experimental study on the obturator nerve in a chronic minipig model. Surg Endosc 2011; 25:3706-12. [PMID: 21638188 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-011-1750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic exposure of pelvic nerves has opened a new area in the field of neuromodulation. However, electrode design and material deterioration remain issues that limit clinical application. The objective of this study was to evaluate experimentally the laparoscopic implantation of different types of neural electrodes in order to achieve functional and selective electrical stimulation of pelvic nerves. METHODS This was a prospective comparative study of the laparoscopic implantation and tolerance and efficacy of three monopolar cuff electrodes implanted on the obturator nerve in ten Göttingen minipigs (18-20 months old; 14.5-24 kg body weight). Animals were allocated to two groups. A 3-mm-diameter laparoscopic instrument was used during dissection of paravesical fossa and obturator nerve on both sides in order to minimize nerve damage. In all animals, a "split-cylinder" cuff electrode was implanted around the left obturator nerve. On the right side, a "lasso" cuff electrode was implanted in the first group and a "closed-cylinder" cuff was implanted in the second group. Electrical stimulation (0-5 V, 20 Hz) was performed for implanted electrodes on days 0, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90. Current intensity thresholds were identified by palpation of muscle contraction. Strength developed according to stimulation level and was measured using weight transducers. RESULTS All procedures were performed by laparoscopy. Mean operative times differed significantly among groups, the shortest being for split-cylinder electrodes (P = 0.0002). No electrical spread phenomena were observed. Initial thresholds were below 1.5 V (range = 0.5-1.3); however, a significant rise was observed, with time to a maximum of 2.7 V (P < 0.0001). Only split-cylinder electrodes remained functional after 3 months. The mean value of maximum strength remained stable during the study period (P = 0.21, NS). CONCLUSIONS The laparoscopic approach to implanting neuroprostheses seems to be very attractive. Furthermore, this approach could allow highly selective nerve stimulation to be achieved using simpler devices such as split-cylinder monopolar electrodes.
Collapse
|
39
|
Floyd JR, Keeler ER, Euscher ED, McCutcheon IE. Cyclic sciatica from extrapelvic endometriosis affecting the sciatic nerve. J Neurosurg Spine 2011; 14:281-9. [DOI: 10.3171/2010.10.spine09162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sciatic (catamenial) radiculopathy, waxing and waning with the menstrual cycle, is an uncommon condition typically caused by pelvic endometriosis affecting the lumbosacral plexus or proximal sciatic nerve. The authors describe a woman with catamenial sciatica caused by endometriosis affecting the sciatic nerve trunk in the upper thigh. Symptomatic with leg pain for 5 years, this patient developed gluteal atrophy and sensory loss and decreased strength in the L-5 dermatomyotome, a distribution confirmed by electromyography. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested thickening of the sciatic nerve at and distal to the sciatic notch. At operation the nerve showed extrinsic and intrinsic abnormality, proven to be endometriosis. Her symptoms improved, and she began gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy for further suppression. This very unusual case shows that endometriosis can affect the sciatic nerve over a range of territory inside and outside the pelvis, and that surgery must be appropriately directed to avoid negative exploration. Surgical decompression achieves good relief of symptoms, and medical therapy also allows sustained suppression of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth D. Euscher
- 3Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Laparoscopic therapy for endometriosis and vascular entrapment of sacral plexus. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:756-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
41
|
Ceccaroni M, Clarizia R, Roviglione G, Bruni F, Ruffo G, Peters I, De Placido G, Minelli L. Deep rectal and parametrial infiltrating endometriosis with monolateral pudendal nerve involvement: case report and laparoscopic nerve-sparing approach. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010; 153:227-9. [PMID: 20727663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
42
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a chronic, recurring condition that can develop during the reproductive years. It is characterized by the development of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. It is the most common cause of pelvic pain in women. This endometrial tissue development is dependent on estrogen produced primarily by the ovaries and, therefore, traditional management has focused on suppression of ovarian function. The mounting evidence shows that altered immune function plays a crucial role in the genesis and development of endometriosis. In this review we considered modulating the inflammation as an alternative approach. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness and safety of anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF-alpha) drugs in the management of pelvic pain associated with endometriosis. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched for trials in the following databases (from their inception to August 2009): Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group Specialised Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. In addition, all reference lists of included trials were searched and experts in the field were contacted in an attempt to locate trials. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing anti-TNF-alpha drugs with placebo, no treatment, medical treatment, or surgery for pelvic pain associated with endometriosis were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed trial quality, and extracted data using data extraction forms. The domains assessed for risk of bias were sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data, and selective outcome reporting. Risk ratios (RR) were used for reporting dichotomous data with 95% confidence intervals (CI), whilst mean differences (MD) were expressed for continuous data. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the I(2) statistic. MAIN RESULTS Only one trial involving 21 participants was included. Results showed no evidence of an effect of infliximab, one of the known anti-TNF-alpha drugs, on pain reduction using the Biberoglu-Behrman (BB) score for patients (MD -0.15, 95% CI -0.51 to 0.21), the BB score for clinicians (MD -0.15, 95% CI -0.45 to 0.15), the visual analogue pain score (VAS) (MD 11.30, 95% CI -3.00 to 25.60) and the use of pain killers (MD -0.10, 95% CI -0.60 to 0.40). There was no evidence of an increase in adverse events in the infliximab group compared with placebo (RR 3.73, 95% CI 0.22 to 63.66). No evidence of clinical benefits of infliximab was found for endometriotic lesions, dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia or pelvic tenderness. No trial reported the effects of anti-TNF-alpha drugs using economic evaluations and the odds of recurrence. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is no enough evidence to support the use of anti-TNF-alpha drugs in the management of women with endometriosis for the relief of pelvic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghao Lv
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No.21, Third Part of Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chauvin C, Azria E, Mahieu-Caputo D, Madelenat P. Endométriose de la fosse ischiorectale au contact du nerf sciatique : à propos d’un cas de neurolyse par voie pararectale. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 38:142-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
44
|
Ceccaroni M, Clarizia R, Alboni C, Ruffo G, Bruni F, Roviglione G, Scioscia M, Peters I, De Placido G, Minelli L. Laparoscopic nerve-sparing transperitoneal approach for endometriosis infiltrating the pelvic wall and somatic nerves: anatomical considerations and surgical technique. Surg Radiol Anat 2010; 32:601-4. [PMID: 20087591 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-010-0624-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endometriotic or fibrotic involvement of sacral plexus and pudendal and sciatic nerves may be quite frequently the endopelvic cause of ano-genital and pelvic pain. Feasibility of a laparoscopic transperitoneal approach to the somatic nerves of the pelvis was determined and showed by Possover et al. for diagnosis and treatment of ano-genital pain caused by pudendal and/or sacral nerve roots lesions and adopted at our institution. In this paper we report our experience and anatomo-surgical consideration regarding this technique. METHODS Confidence with this technique was obtained after several laparoscopic and laparotomic dissections on fresh, embalmed and formalin-fixed female cadavers and is now routinely performed at our institution in all cases of extensive endometriosis of the pelvic wall, involving the somatic nerves. RESULTS We describe two different laparoscopic transperitoneal approaches to the lateral pelvic wall in case of: (A) deep pelvic endometriosis with rectal and/or parametrial involvement extending to pelvic wall and somatic nerves; (B) isolated endometriosis of pelvic wall and somatic nerves. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic transperitoneal retroperitoneal nerve-sparing approach to the pelvic wall proved to be a feasible and useful procedure even if limited to referred laparoscopic centers and anatomically experienced and skilled surgeons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Ceccaroni
- Gynecologic Oncology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, European Gynaecology Endoscopy School, Sacred Heart Hospital "Ospedale Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria", Via Don A. Sempreboni no. 5, 37024, Negrar, Verona, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Possover M. Laparoscopic management of endopelvic etiologies of pudendal pain in 134 consecutive patients. J Urol 2009; 181:1732-6. [PMID: 19233408 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The feasibility of the laparoscopic transperitoneal approach to the pelvic somatic nerves was determined for the diagnosis and treatment of anogenital pain caused by pudendal and/or sacral nerve root lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The records of 134 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopy for refractory anogenital pain were retrospectively reviewed. All neurosurgical procedures, such as neurolysis/decompression of the pudendal nerve and the sacral nerve roots or neuroelectrode implantation to the sacral plexus for postoperative neuromodulation, were done via the laparoscopic transperitoneal approach to the pelvic nerves. RESULTS A total of 18 patients had Alcock's canal syndrome and decompression was successful in 15. Due to failed decompression 3 patients underwent secondary sacral laparoscopic neuroprosthesis implantation with a decrease of at least 50% on the pain visual analog scale. Sacral plexus lesions or radiculopathies, most commonly postoperative lesions and retroperitoneal endometriosis, were found in 109 patients who underwent laparoscopic neurolysis of the sacral plexus. The final outcome depended on the etiology. Of patients with postoperative nerve damage 62% had a decrease in the mean +/- SD preoperative visual analog scale score of from 8.9 +/- 2.9 (range 7 to 10) to 2.4 +/- 2.3 points (range 0 to 4) at the time of article submission at a mean followup of 17 months (range 3 to 39). Because of failed decompression, 8 patients underwent secondary sacral laparoscopic neuroprosthesis implantation and a decrease in the pain visual analog scale score was achieved in 5. Of patients with an endometriosis lesion of the sacral plexus 78% had a decrease in the mean preoperative visual analog scale score of 8.7 +/- 1.9 (range 8 to 10) to 1.1 +/- 0.7 points (range 0 to 2) at the time of article submission at a mean followup of 21 months (range 2 to 42). All 6 patients with vascular entrapment of pelvic nerves achieved complete relief. The last 7 patients underwent primary sacral laparoscopic neuroprosthesis implantation with at least a 50% decrease in the pain visual analog scale score in 4. CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasize that in patients with seemingly inexplicable anogenital pain, especially after failed treatment for Alcock's canal syndrome, laparoscopic exploration of the pelvic nerves must be done for further diagnosis and therapy before prematurely labeling the patients as refractory to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Possover
- Department and Gynecology and Neuropelviology, Hirslanden Clinic, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Koninckx PR, Craessaerts M, Timmerman D, Cornillie F, Kennedy S. Anti-TNF-alpha treatment for deep endometriosis-associated pain: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:2017-23. [PMID: 18556683 PMCID: PMC2517154 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is associated with an inflammatory response. Hence infliximab, an anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody, might relieve pain. METHODS A randomized placebo-controlled trial was designed with 21 women with severe pain and a rectovaginal nodule of at least 1 cm. After 1 month of observation, three infusions of infliximab (5 mg/kg) or placebo were given. Surgery was performed 3 months later and follow-up continued for 6 months. The primary end-point was pain (dysmenorrhea, deep dyspareunia and non-menstrual pain) rated at each visit by the clinician and on a daily basis by the patient who in addition scored pain by visual analog pain scale and analgesia intake. Secondary end-points included the volume of the endometriotic nodule, pelvic tenderness and the visual appearance of endometriotic lesions at laparoscopy. RESULTS Pain severity decreased during the treatment by 30% in both the placebo (P < 0.001) and infliximab groups (P < 0.001). However, no effect of infliximab was observed for any of the outcome measures. After surgery, pain scores decreased in both groups to less than 20% of the initial value. CONCLUSIONS Infliximab appears not to affect pain associated with deep endometriosis. Treatment is associated with an important placebo effect. After surgery, pain decreases to less than 20%. Trials registration number ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00604864.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P R Koninckx
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UZ Gasthuisberg, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
The laparoscopic approach to control intractable pelvic neuralgia: from laparoscopic pelvic neurosurgery to the LION procedure. Clin J Pain 2008; 23:821-5. [PMID: 18075411 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0b013e31815349a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present different aspects and advantages of the laparoscopic approach to the pelvic nerves aimed at treating intractable pelvic neuralgia. METHODS We report on a nonconsecutive series of 7 patients with different types and etiologies of chronic pelvic neuralgia, all of whom underwent laparoscopy. In all 7 cases, the neuralgia was refractory to medical management and had profound socioeconomic consequences for the patients. RESULTS Techniques of laparoscopic transperitoneal neurolysis of several pelvic somatic nerves are described but also our technique of laparoscopic implantation of neuroprothesis for neuromodulation on somatic pelvic nerves or on autonomic pelvic nerves as the superior hypogastric plexus. DISCUSSION Laparoscopic approach to the pelvic nerves opens new possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic neuralgia, and offers new curative surgical techniques.
Collapse
|
48
|
Banu SK, Lee J, Starzinski-Powitz A, Arosh JA. Gene expression profiles and functional characterization of human immortalized endometriotic epithelial and stromal cells. Fertil Steril 2007; 90:972-87. [PMID: 18001719 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Revised: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether immortalized endometriotic cells can be used as potential models to unravel pathophysiology/pathogenesis of endometriosis in humans. DESIGN In vitro study. Human immortalized endometriotic epithelial and stromal cells. SETTING College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University. PATIENT(S) Not applicable. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Gene expression pattern and prostaglandin E(2) production and activity of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9. RESULT(S) Several genes associated with estrogen and progesterone biosynthesis and signaling, cell cycle regulation, extracellular matrix degradation, angiogenesis, cell growth and survival, cytokine production, and prostaglandin E(2) biosynthesis, transport, and signaling were expressed in human immortalized endometriotic cells. These endometriotic epithelial and stromal cells exhibited migrating and invading potential, produced a high quantity of prostaglandin E(2), and showed higher matrix metalloproteinase 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity compared to normal endometrial, epithelial, and stromal cells. CONCLUSION(S) Human immortalized endometriotic epithelial and stromal cells could be used as ideal models to study the molecular and cellular aspects of endometriosis in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakhila K Banu
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, Reproductive Endocrinology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|