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Lafi O, Essid R, Lachaud L, Jimenez C, Rodríguez J, Ageitos L, Mhamdi R, Abaza L. Synergistic antileishmanial activity of erythrodiol, uvaol, and oleanolic acid isolated from olive leaves of cv. Chemlali. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:395. [PMID: 37970450 PMCID: PMC10643720 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03825-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the antileishmanial activity of biomolecules obtained from Olea europaea L. leaves and twigs recovered from eight Tunisian cultivars. The extraction was first carried out with 80% methanol, and then the obtained extract was fractionated using three solvents of increasing polarity: cyclohexane (CHX), dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc). The antileishmanial activity was determined against leishmanial strains responsible for cutaneous, visceral, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. The cyclohexane fraction of the leaves of cv. Chemlali from the region of Sidi-Bouzid exhibited the strongest leishmanicidal activity against all the tested leishmanial strains. The inhibition concentrations (IC50) were 16.5, 14.5, and 7.4 μg mL-1 for Leishmania mexicana (cutaneous), Leishmania braziliensis (mucocutaneous), and Leishmania donovani (visceral), respectively. Interestingly, low cytotoxicity was observed on THP-1 cells with selective indexes (SI) ranging from 22.8 to 50.5. HPLC-HRMS and full-house NMR analysis allowed the identification of three triterpenic compounds, oleanolic acid (IC50 = 64.1 μg mL-1), erythrodiol (IC50 = 52.0 µg mL-1), and uvaol (IC50 = 53.8 μg mL-1). Antileishmanial activity of uvaol and oleanolic acid has been previously reported. However, this work constitutes the first report of the antileishmanial activity of erythrodiol which showed combinatorial interaction with uvaol (IC50 = 26.1 μg mL-1) against Leishmania tropica. The mixture of the three compounds, as major ones, exhibited an enhanced activity against Leishmania tropica (IC50 = 16.3 µg mL-1) compared to erythrodiol alone or the combination of uvaol and erythrodiol. This finding is of great importance and needs further investigation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03825-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumayma Lafi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Olive, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Tunis, The University of Tunis El Manar, 20 Street of Tolede, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rym Essid
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Laurence Lachaud
- UMR, Univ Montpellier (IRD-CNRS), MIVEGEC, Montpellier, France
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, CHU Montpellier, 39 Av. Charles Flahault, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Carlos Jimenez
- CICA-Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jaime Rodríguez
- CICA-Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Lucía Ageitos
- CICA-Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ridha Mhamdi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Olive, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Leila Abaza
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Olive, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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Ye YS, Duan YT, Zhou Z, Thepkaysone K, Douangdeuane B, Xu G. Structurally Diverse Cytotoxic Polyphenols from Garcinia gracilis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:2206-2215. [PMID: 37650785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-five diverse polyphenols, belonging to seven structure classes, were isolated from Garcinia gracilis, a medicinal and edible plant sampled from Laos. The structures of nine new compounds, gargarcilones A-I (1-3, 5-7, 10, 12, and 17), were established using spectroscopic, X-ray diffraction, and experimental and calculated ECD methods. Additionally, we revised the stereochemical assignment of cochinchinoxanthone and cochinchinoxanthone C. The compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against five human tumor cell lines (HL-60, A549, SMMC-7721, MDA-MB-231, and SW480). Compounds 1-4, 7, and 8 exhibited cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 0.5-8.9 μM. Compound 3 significantly induced apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Song Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Tao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Khamphanh Thepkaysone
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, Ministry of Health, Phonepapao Village, Sisattanack District, 856 Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Bounleuane Douangdeuane
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, Ministry of Health, Phonepapao Village, Sisattanack District, 856 Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
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Silva-Silva JV, Moreira RF, Watanabe LA, de Souza CDSF, Hardoim DDJ, Taniwaki NN, Bertho AL, Teixeira KF, Cenci AR, Doring TH, Júnior JWDC, de Oliveira AS, Marinho PSB, Calabrese KDS, Marinho AMDR, Almeida-Souza F. Monomethylsulochrin isolated from biomass extract of Aspergillus sp. against Leishmania amazonensis: In vitro biological evaluation and molecular docking. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:974910. [PMID: 36093206 PMCID: PMC9452909 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.974910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis represents a serious world health problem, with 1 billion people being exposed to infection and a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations with a potentially fatal outcome. Based on the limitations observed in the treatment of leishmaniasis, such as high cost, significant adverse effects, and the potential for drug resistance, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the leishmanicidal activity of the compounds pseurotin A and monomethylsulochrin isolated from the biomass extract of Aspergillus sp. The chromatographic profiles of the extract were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode-array UV-Vis detector (HPLC-DAD-UV), and the molecular identification of the pseurotin A and monomethylsulochrin were carried out by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in tandem (LC-ESI-MS-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Antileishmanial activity was assayed against promastigote and intracellular amastigote of Leishmania amazonensis. As a control, cytotoxicity assays were performed in non-infected BALB/c peritoneal macrophages. Ultrastructural alterations in parasites were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were determined by flow cytometry. Only monomethylsulochrin inhibited the promastigote growth (IC50 18.04 ± 1.11 µM), with cytotoxicity to peritoneal macrophages (CC50 5.09 91.63 ± 1.28 µM). Activity against intracellular amastigote forms (IC50 5.09 ± 1.06 µM) revealed an increase in antileishmanial activity when compared with promastigotes. In addition to a statistically significant reduction in the evaluated infection parameters, monomethylsulochrin altered the ultrastructure of the promastigote forms with atypical vacuoles, electron-dense corpuscles in the cytoplasm, changes at the mitochondria outer membrane and abnormal disposition around the kinetoplast. It was showed that monomethylsulochrin leads to a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (25.9%, p = 0.0286). Molecular modeling studies revealed that monomethylsulochrin can act as inhibitor of sterol 14-alpha-demethylase (CYP51), a therapeutic target for human trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis. Assessed for its drug likeness, monomethylsulochrin follows the Lipinski Rule of five and Ghose, Veber, Egan, and Muegge criteria. Furthermore, monomethylsulochrin can be used as a reference in the development of novel and therapeutically useful antileishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Silva-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Physics of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Daiana de Jesus Hardoim
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Alvaro Luiz Bertho
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kerolain Faoro Teixeira
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Arthur Ribeiro Cenci
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Doring
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - José Wilmo da Cruz Júnior
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Aldo Sena de Oliveira
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Kátia da Silva Calabrese
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Kátia da Silva Calabrese, ; Andrey Moacir do Rosario Marinho,
| | - Andrey Moacir do Rosario Marinho
- Post-graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Kátia da Silva Calabrese, ; Andrey Moacir do Rosario Marinho,
| | - Fernando Almeida-Souza
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Post-Graduate in Animal Sciences, State University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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Silva CFM, Pinto DCGA, Fernandes PA, Silva AMS. Evolution of Acridines and Xanthenes as a Core Structure for the Development of Antileishmanial Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020148. [PMID: 35215261 PMCID: PMC8879592 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, leishmaniasis constitutes a public health issue in more than 88 countries, affecting mainly people from the tropics, subtropics, and the Mediterranean area. Every year, the prevalence of this infectious disease increases, with the appearance of 1.5–2 million new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis and 500,000 cases of visceral leishmaniasis, endangering approximately 350 million people worldwide. Therefore, the absence of a vaccine or effective treatment makes the discovery and development of new antileishmanial therapies one of the focuses for the scientific community that, in association with WHO, hopes to eradicate this disease shortly. This paper is intended to highlight the relevance of nitrogen- and oxygen-containing tricyclic heterocycles, particularly acridine and xanthene derivatives, for the development of treatments against leishmaniasis. Thus, in this review, a thorough compilation of the most promising antileishmanial acridine and xanthene derivatives is performed from both natural and synthetic origins. Additionally, some structure–activity relationship studies are also depicted and discussed to provide insight into the optimal structural features responsible for these compounds’ antileishmanial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F. M. Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.F.M.S.); (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Diana C. G. A. Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.F.M.S.); (A.M.S.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pedro A. Fernandes
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.F.M.S.); (A.M.S.S.)
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Wadanambi PM, Mannapperuma U. Computational study to discover potent phytochemical inhibitors against drug target, squalene synthase from Leishmania donovani. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07178. [PMID: 34141935 PMCID: PMC8188062 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The parasite, Leishmania donovani is responsible for lethal visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in humans. There is a need to investigate novel medicines as antileishmanial drugs, as medication currently introduced for leishmaniasis may cause resistance, serious side-effects, chemical instability and high cost. Therefore, this computational study was designed to explore potential phytochemical inhibitors against Leishmania donovani squalene synthase (LdSQS) enzyme, a drug target. MAIN METHODS Multiple sequence alignment was carried to detect conserved regions across squalene synthases from different Leishmania spp. Their evolutionary relationships were studied by generating phylogenetic tree. Homology modeling method was used to build a three dimensional model of the protein. The validated model was explored by docking simulation with the phytochemicals of interest to identify the most potent inhibitors. Two reported inhibitors were used as references in the virtual screening. The top hit compounds (binding energy less than -9 kcal/mol) were further subjected to intermolecular interaction analysis, pharmacophore modeling, pharmacokinetic and toxicity prediction. KEY FINDINGS Seven phytochemicals displayed binding energies less than -9 kcal/mol hence demonstrating ability to be strongly bound to the active site of LdSQS to inhibit the enzymatic activity. Ancistrotanzanine B demonstrated the lowest binding affinity of -9.83 kcal/mol superior to reported inhibitors in literature. Conserved two aspartate rich regions and two signatory motifs were found in the L. donovani squalene synthase by multiple sequence alignment. In addition, study of pharmacophore modeling confirmed that top hit phytochemicals and the reported inhibitor (E5700) share common chemical features for their biochemical interaction with LdSQS. Among seven phytochemicals, 3-O-methyldiplacol showed admissible physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and toxicity predictions compared to the reported inhibitors. All seven phytochemicals satisfied in silico prediction criteria for oral bioavailability. SIGNIFICANCE Based on the current study, these hits can be further structurally optimized and validated under laboratory conditions to develop antileishmanial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uthpali Mannapperuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Akoro SM, Aiyelaagbe OO, Onocha PA, Gloer JB. Gakolanone: a new benzophenone derivative from Garcinia kola Heckel stem-bark. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:241-250. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1528583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seide M. Akoro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - James B. Gloer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Chiral resolution and anticancer effect of xanthones from Garcinia paucinervis. Fitoterapia 2018; 127:220-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Mzozoyana V, van Heerden FR. Synthesis of 3-geranyl- and 3-prenyl-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2016.1276603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vuyisa Mzozoyana
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Fanie R. van Heerden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Synthesis, protease inhibition, and antileishmanial activity of new benzoxazoles derived from acetophenone or benzophenone and synthetic precursors. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1824-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lenta BN, Ngatchou J, Frese M, Ladoh-Yemeda F, Voundi S, Nardella F, Michalek C, Wibberg D, Ngouela S, Tsamo E, Kaiser M, Kalinowski J, Sewald N. Purpureone, an antileishmanial ergochrome from the endophytic fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2016-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The ethyl acetate extracts prepared from the mycelia of three endophytic fungi Purpureocillium lilacinum, Aspergillus sp., and Fusarium sp., isolated from the roots of Rauvolfia macrophylla (Apocynaceae) were screened for their antiprotozoal activity in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum (NF54), Leishmania donovani, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, and Trypanosoma cruzi. Amongst these extracts, the one from P. lilacinum showed potent antileishmanial activity against L. donovani (IC50 value of 0.174 μg mL−1) with good selectivity (SI=94.9) toward the L6 cell line, whereas the other extracts were inactive and not selective. The fractionation and purification of the active extract from P. lilacinum by column chromatography over silica gel yielded a new ergochromone derivative (1), together with six known compounds: (22E,24R)-stigmasta-5,7,22-trien-3-β-ol (2), (22E,24R)-stigmasta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (3), emodin (4), chrysophanol (5), aloe-emodin (6), and palmitic acid, whose structures were elucidated spectroscopically. Compound 1 was tested in vitro for its antiparasitic activities against the above listed parasites and for its antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Providencia stuartii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The compound displayed potent antileishmanial activity against L. donovani with an IC50 value of 0.63 μg mL−1 (0.87 μm) with good selectivity (SI=49.5) toward the L6 cell line. It also exhibited good antibacterial activity against three of the tested microbial strains B. cereus, E. coli ATCC879, and P. stuartii ATCC29916 with minimum inhibitory concentrations below 62.6 μg mL−1. Compound 1 is thus a promising active compound that could be investigated for antileishmanial and antimicrobial drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ndjakou Lenta
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Chemistry Department, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jules Ngatchou
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Marcel Frese
- Chemistry Department, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Flora Ladoh-Yemeda
- Department of Microbiology, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Steve Voundi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Flore Nardella
- Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Labex Médalis, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Carmela Michalek
- Chemistry Department, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Centrum für Biotechnologie – CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Silvère Ngouela
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Etienne Tsamo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Centrum für Biotechnologie – CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Chemistry Department, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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Kheirandish F, Delfan B, Mahmoudvand H, Moradi N, Ezatpour B, Ebrahimzadeh F, Rashidipour M. Antileishmanial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of Quercus infectoria Olivier extract. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:208-15. [PMID: 27470357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no effective vaccine available, and chemotherapy is the main approach for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). During recent decades, studies have demonstrated that a number of plant-derived compounds may act as new therapeutic tools against leishmaniasis. This study was evaluated the antileishmanial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of Quercus infectoria Olivier (oak) extract. The total amount of phenolic and flavonoid compounds was measured in oak extract. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was also performed to determine the amount of quercetin and gallic acid in this plant. This extract (0-80g/mL) was evaluated in vitro against promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms of Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER) using MTT assay and in a macro-phage model, respectively. Then oak extract was tested on CL in infected male BALB/c mice with L. major in order to evaluate the antileishmanial activity topically. Moreover, cytotoxicity effects of oak in murine macrophage cells were tested by MTT assay. Antioxidative activity of oak was also determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1,1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging test. The amount of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the oak extract was 57.50 and 1.86%, respectively. The amount of quercetin and gallic acid in the oak extract was 0.0064 and 0.22%, respectively. The findings revealed that oak significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the growth rate of promastigote of (IC50 12.65μg/mL) and amastigotes (IC50 10.31μg/mL) as a dose-dependent response. In the in vivo assay, after 4 weeks of treatment, 91.6, 66.66, and 50% recovery was observed in the infected mice treated with 20, 10, and 5mg/kg of oak extract, respectively. After treatment of the infected mice with the concentration of 10 and 20mg/kg of oak, the mean diameter of lesions, parasite load and mean number of parasites was significantly (P<0.05) reduced. Selectivity index of greater than 10 for oak revealed that oak extract had no cytotoxic effects on macrophage cells. Moreover, DPPH test demonstrated that radical inhibition occurred at greater power with increasing the concentration of oak. To conclude, the present study showed potent antileishmanial and antioxidant activity of oak extract; whereas this plant had no toxic effect on mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Kheirandish
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan, University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 381351698, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Bahram Delfan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 381351698, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Hossein Mahmoudvand
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan, University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 381351698, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Nasim Moradi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan, University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 381351698, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Behrouz Ezatpour
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan, University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 381351698, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Farzad Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 381351698, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rashidipour
- Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Landreau A, Bertrand S, Simoes-Pires C, Marcourt L, Taï DB, Litaudon M, Guilet D, Richomme P, Carrupt PA, Wolfender JL. Normal phase HPLC-based activity profiling of non-polar crude plant extracts - acetylcholinesterase inhibiting guttiferones from Montrouziera cauliflora as a case study. Nat Prod Res 2016; 30:2754-2759. [PMID: 27117564 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1154054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The study describes bioactive compounds as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), from the stem bark extract of Montrouziera cauliflora, selected among 19 dichloromethane extracts from Clusiaceae species. Our work focused on the development of an original normal phase HPLC microfractionation strategy to rapidly assess highly active zones from this crude active non-polar plant extract. Two different microfraction collection methods were evaluated for the assessment of the AChE inhibition. Two guttiferones and a tocotrienol were directly isolated among five compounds identified off-line by NMR after upscaling the fractionation and their AChE inhibition was evaluated. The strengths and weaknesses of the two microfractionation collection methods for HPLC-AChE activity-based profiling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Landreau
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Université d'Angers , Angers , France.,b Voluntary Researcher for Institut de Chimie de Nice , Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis/CNRS , Nice , France
| | - Samuel Bertrand
- c School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL , University of Geneva , University of Lausanne , Geneva , Switzerland.,d Groupe Mer, Molécules, Santé, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques , Université de Nantes , Nantes , France.,e Institut de chimique et Biology (P2-H57) An Ninh industrielle Zone (Lai Yen) , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Claudia Simoes-Pires
- c School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL , University of Geneva , University of Lausanne , Geneva , Switzerland.,d Groupe Mer, Molécules, Santé, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques , Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Laurence Marcourt
- c School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL , University of Geneva , University of Lausanne , Geneva , Switzerland.,d Groupe Mer, Molécules, Santé, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques , Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Dang Bach Taï
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Université d'Angers , Angers , France.,f Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS UPR 2301 , University Paris-Saclay , Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Marc Litaudon
- f Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS UPR 2301 , University Paris-Saclay , Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - David Guilet
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Université d'Angers , Angers , France
| | - Pascal Richomme
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Université d'Angers , Angers , France
| | - Pierre-Alain Carrupt
- c School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL , University of Geneva , University of Lausanne , Geneva , Switzerland.,d Groupe Mer, Molécules, Santé, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques , Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- c School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL , University of Geneva , University of Lausanne , Geneva , Switzerland.,d Groupe Mer, Molécules, Santé, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques , Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
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13
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Coulerie P, Poullain C. New Caledonia: A ' Hot Spot' for Valuable Chemodiversity: Part 2: Basal Angiosperms and Eudicot Rosids. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:18-36. [PMID: 26765350 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The flora of New Caledonia encompasses more than 3000 plant species and almost 80% are endemic. New Caledonia is considered as a 'hot spot' for biodiversity. With the current global loss of biodiversity and the fact that several drugs and pesticides become obsolete, there is an urgent need to increase sampling and research on new natural products. In this context, we review the chemical knowledge available on New Caledonian native flora from economical perspectives. We expect that a better knowledge of the economic potential of plant chemistry will encourage the plantation of native plants for the development of a sustainable economy which will participate in the conservation of biodiversity. In the second part of this review, we focus on the results exposed in 60 scientific articles and describe the identification of 225 original compounds from basal angiosperms and eudicot rosids. We discuss the economic potential of plants and molecules from medicinal and industrial perspectives. This review also highlights several plants and groups, such as Amborella sp., Piperaceae, or Phyllanthaceae, that are unexplored in New Caledonia despite their high chemical interest. Those plants are considered to have priority in future chemical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Coulerie
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien, Connaissance et Amélioration des Agrosystèmes, BP A5, 98848 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 30, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, (phone: +41-22-3793409).
| | - Cyril Poullain
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Labex LERMIT, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, FR-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex.,Stratoz, 5, Rue de la Baume, FR-75008 Paris
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14
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Zhu H, Chen C, Tan D, Li D, Guo Y, Wei G, Zhang J, Wang J, Luo Z, Xue Y, Zhang Y. Sampbenzophenones A–G, prenylated benzoylphloroglucinol derivatives from Hypericum sampsonii. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17885e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven prenylated benzoylphloroglucinol derivatives, named sampbenzophenones A–G (1–7), together with two known analogues (8 and 9), were isolated from the aerial parts of Hypericum sampsonii.
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15
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Friesen JB, McAlpine JB, Chen SN, Pauli GF. Countercurrent Separation of Natural Products: An Update. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1765-96. [PMID: 26177360 PMCID: PMC4517501 DOI: 10.1021/np501065h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This work assesses the current instrumentation, method development, and applications in countercurrent chromatography (CCC) and centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC), collectively referred to as countercurrent separation (CCS). The article provides a critical review of the CCS literature from 2007 since our last review (J. Nat. Prod. 2008, 71, 1489-1508), with a special emphasis on the applications of CCS in natural products research. The current state of CCS is reviewed in regard to three continuing topics (instrumentation, solvent system development, theory) and three new topics (optimization of parameters, workflow, bioactivity applications). The goals of this review are to deliver the necessary background with references for an up-to-date perspective of CCS, to point out its potential for the natural product scientist, and thereby to induce new applications in natural product chemistry, metabolome, and drug discovery research involving organisms from terrestrial and marine sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Brent Friesen
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Institute for Tuberculosis Research,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
- Physical
Sciences Department, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University, River Forest, Illinois 60305, United States
| | - James B. McAlpine
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Institute for Tuberculosis Research,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Institute for Tuberculosis Research,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Institute for Tuberculosis Research,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
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16
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Hussain H, Al-Harrasi A, Al-Rawahi A, Green IR, Gibbons S. Fruitful decade for antileishmanial compounds from 2002 to late 2011. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10369-428. [PMID: 25253511 DOI: 10.1021/cr400552x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Hussain
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa , P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
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17
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Mahamodo S, Rivière C, Neut C, Abedini A, Ranarivelo H, Duhal N, Roumy V, Hennebelle T, Sahpaz S, Lemoine A, Razafimahefa D, Razanamahefa B, Bailleul F, Andriamihaja B. Antimicrobial prenylated benzoylphloroglucinol derivatives and xanthones from the leaves of Garcinia goudotiana. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 102:162-168. [PMID: 24690454 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation using antimicrobial assay of the crude acetonic extract of Garcinia goudotiana leaves and of its five partitions led to the isolation of two new prenylated benzoylphloroglucinol derivatives, goudotianone 1 (1) and goudotianone 2 (2), in addition to two known compounds including one xanthone, 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2-isoprenylxanthone (3), and one triterpenoid, friedelin (4). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of different spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The crude acetonic extract, the methylene chloride and ethyl acetate partitions, and some tested compounds isolated from this species (1-3) demonstrated selective significant antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria, in particular Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Enterococcus faecalis and Mycobacterium smegmatis. The potential cytotoxic activities of these extracts and compounds were evaluated against human colon carcinoma HT29 and human fetal lung fibroblast MRC5 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania Mahamodo
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée aux Substances Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, BP 566, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar; Institut Régional de Recherche en Agroalimentaire et Biotechnologie: Charles Viollette, EA1026, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; EA GRIIOT, EA4481, Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, UFR Pharmacie, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Céline Rivière
- Institut Régional de Recherche en Agroalimentaire et Biotechnologie: Charles Viollette, EA1026, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; EA GRIIOT, EA4481, Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, UFR Pharmacie, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Christel Neut
- INSERM U995, UFR Pharmacie, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Amin Abedini
- Institut Régional de Recherche en Agroalimentaire et Biotechnologie: Charles Viollette, EA1026, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; EA GRIIOT, EA4481, Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, UFR Pharmacie, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Nathalie Duhal
- CUMA, UFR Pharmacie, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Roumy
- Institut Régional de Recherche en Agroalimentaire et Biotechnologie: Charles Viollette, EA1026, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; EA GRIIOT, EA4481, Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, UFR Pharmacie, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Thierry Hennebelle
- Institut Régional de Recherche en Agroalimentaire et Biotechnologie: Charles Viollette, EA1026, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; EA GRIIOT, EA4481, Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, UFR Pharmacie, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sevser Sahpaz
- Institut Régional de Recherche en Agroalimentaire et Biotechnologie: Charles Viollette, EA1026, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; EA GRIIOT, EA4481, Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, UFR Pharmacie, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Amélie Lemoine
- EA GRIIOT, EA4481, Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, UFR Pharmacie, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Dorothée Razafimahefa
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée aux Substances Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, BP 566, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Bakonirina Razanamahefa
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée aux Substances Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, BP 566, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - François Bailleul
- Institut Régional de Recherche en Agroalimentaire et Biotechnologie: Charles Viollette, EA1026, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; EA GRIIOT, EA4481, Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, UFR Pharmacie, Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bakolinirina Andriamihaja
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée aux Substances Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, BP 566, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
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Antileishmanial Phenylpropanoids from the Leaves of Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:460613. [PMID: 23983783 PMCID: PMC3745876 DOI: 10.1155/2013/460613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyptis pectinata, popularly known in Brazil as "sambacaitá" or "canudinho," is an aromatic shrub largely grown in the northeast of Brazil. The leaves and bark are used in an infusion for the treatment of throat and skin inflammations, bacterial infections, pain, and cancer. Analogues of rosmarinic acid and flavonoids were obtained from the leaves of Hyptis pectinata and consisted of two new compounds, sambacaitaric acid (1) and 3-O-methyl-sambacaitaric acid (2), and nine known compounds, rosmarinic acid (3), 3-O-methyl-rosmarinic acid (4), ethyl caffeate (5), nepetoidin A (6), nepetoidin B (7), cirsiliol (8), circimaritin (9), 7-O-methylluteolin (10), and genkwanin (11). The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1-5, and 7 were evaluated in vitro against the promastigote form of L. braziliensis, and the ethanol extract. The hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water fractions were also evaluated. The EtOH extract, the hexane extract, EtOAc, MeOH:H2O fractions; and compounds 1, 2 and 4 exhibited antileishmanial activity, and compound 1 was as potent as pentamidine. In contrast, compounds 3, 5, and 7 did not present activity against the promastigote form of L. braziliensis below 100 µM. To our knowledge, compounds 1 and 2 are being described for the first time.
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19
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Applications of the phytomedicine Echinacea purpurea (Purple Coneflower) in infectious diseases. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2012:769896. [PMID: 22131823 PMCID: PMC3205674 DOI: 10.1155/2012/769896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts of Echinacea purpurea (EP, purple coneflower) have been used traditionally in North America for the treatment of various types of infections and wounds, and they have become very popular herbal medicines globally. Recent studies have revealed that certain standardized preparations contain potent and selective antiviral and antimicrobial activities. In addition, they display multiple immune-modulatory activities, comprising stimulation of certain immune functions such as phagocytic activity of macrophages and suppression of the proinflammatory responses of epithelial cells to viruses and bacteria, which are manifested as alterations in secretion of various cytokines and chemokines. These immune modulations result from upregulation or downregulation of the relevant genes and their transcription factors. All these bioactivities can be demonstrated at noncytotoxic concentrations of extract and appear to be due to multiple components rather than the individual chemical compounds that characterize Echinacea extracts. Potential applications of the bioactive extracts may go beyond their traditional uses.
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20
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Fun HK, Chantrapromma S, Boonnak N, Karalai C, Chantrapromma K. Redetermination and absolute configuration of pruniflorone M monohydrate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o1916-7. [PMID: 22090964 PMCID: PMC3212307 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811025177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The title xanthone known as pruniflorone M (systematic name: (2R)-5,10-dihydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-1,1-dimethyl-1H-furo[2,3-c]xanthen-6-one), crystallized in a monohydrate form, C18H16O6·H2O. It was isolated from the green fruits of Cratoxylum formosum ssp. pruniflorum. The structure of the title compound has been reported previously [Boonnak et al. (2010 ▶). Aust. J. Chem. 63, 1550–1556], but we report here the absolute configuration determined using Cu Kα radiation. There are two crystallograpically independent molecules in the asymmetric unit, which differ slightly in the bond angles. The hydroxymethyl substituents at position 2 of the furan rings of both pruniflorone M molecules adopt R configurations. In both molecules, the three rings of the xanthone skeleton are approximately coplanar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0124 (2) Å for one molecule and 0.0289 (2) Å for the other, and the furan ring adopts an envelope conformation. In the crystal, molecules of pruniflorone M and water are linked into a two-dimensional network by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak C—H⋯O interactions. The crystal structure is further consolidated by π–π interactions with centroid–centroid distances in the range 3.5987 (13)–3.7498 (14) Å. Short C⋯C [3.378 (3) Å] and O⋯O [2.918 (3) Å] contacts are also observed.
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21
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Canlas J, Hudson JB, Sharma M, Nandan D. Echinacea and trypanasomatid parasite interactions: growth-inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects of Echinacea. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2010; 48:1047-1052. [PMID: 20731557 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903483468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT/OBJECTIVE Herbal preparations derived from various species and parts of Echinacea (Asteraceae) have been advocated for various medical applications, as a result of the many antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities attributed to them. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to investigate their effects on parasites, four preparations of Echinacea, with distinct chemical compositions, were evaluated for growth inhibition of three species of trypanosomatids: Leishmania donovani, Leishmania major, and Trypanosoma brucei. In addition one Echinacea preparation was tested for anti-inflammatory activity in cell culture models designed to measure pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by L. donovani. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION All Echinacea preparations inhibited growth of the organisms, though with different relative potencies, and in some cases morphological changes were observed. However, there was no obvious correlation with the composition of the marker compounds, alkylamides, caffeic acid derivatives, and polysaccharides. L. donovani stimulated the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in human bronchial epithelial cells and in human skin fibroblasts, but in both cases the standardized ethanol extract of E. purpurea (L.) Moench (Echinaforce) abolished the stimulation, indicating anti-inflammatory activity of this extract. CONCLUSIONS Thus various Echinacea extracts can inhibit the proliferation of these parasites and at least one can reverse the pro-inflammatory activity of Leishmania donovani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Canlas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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22
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Chantrapromma S, Boonnak N, Fun HK, Karalai C, Chantrapromma K. Brasilixanthone. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o2066-7. [PMID: 21588369 PMCID: PMC3007390 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810027285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title xanthone [systematic name: 5,13-dihydroxy-3,3,10,10-tetramethyl-3H-dipyrano[3,2-a:2′,3′-i]xanthen-14(10H)-one], C23H20O6, was isolated from the roots of Cratoxylum formosum ssp. pruniflorum. There are two molecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit, which show chemical but not crystallographic inversion symmetry. The xanthone skeleton in both molecules is approximately planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0326 (9) Å for molecule A and 0.0355 (9) Å for molecule B from the plane through the 14 non-H atoms. The pyran rings in both molecules adopt sofa conformations. Intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate S(5) and S(6) ring motifs. Viewed onto the bc plane, the crystal structure resembles a herringbone pattern. Stacks of molecules are stabilized by π–π interactions with centroid–centroid distances of 3.600 (5) Å. The crystal structure is further stabilized by weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π interactions.
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23
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Boonnak N, Karalai C, Chantrapromma S, Ponglimanont C, Kanjana-Opas A, Chantrapromma K, Kato S. Chromene and prenylated xanthones from the roots of Cratoxylum formosum ssp. pruniflorum. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2010; 58:386-9. [PMID: 20190446 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.58.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new xanthones, namely pruniflorone K (1) and L (2), have been isolated from the roots of Cratoxylum formosum ssp. pruniflorum, along with thirteen known xanthones (3-15). Their structures were mainly established using the spectroscopic methods. Only isolated compounds with sufficient amount were evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawong Boonnak
- Crystal Materials Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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Boonnak N, Chantrapromma S, Fun HK, Karalai C. Vieillardiixanthone B. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o817-8. [PMID: 21580649 PMCID: PMC2984030 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810007026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
THE TITLE COMPOUND [SYSTEMATIC NAME: 1,5-dihydr-oxy-3,6-dimeth-oxy-4-(2-methyl-but-3-en-2-yl)-9H-xanthen-9-one], C(20)H(20)O(6), is a xanthone, which was isolated from the roots of Cratoxylum formosum ssp. pruniflorum. The three rings in the mol-ecule are approximately coplanar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0372 (2) Å for the plane through the 14 non-H atoms. The O atoms of the two hydr-oxy substituents also lie close to this plane with deviations of 0.0669 (2) and 0.1122 (2) Å, respectively. The 1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl substituent is in a (-)-anti-clinal conformation. Intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate S(5) and S(6) ring motifs. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into infinite chains along [010] by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak C-H⋯O inter-actions. π-π inter-actions with centroid-centroid distances of 3.6172 (10) and 3.6815 (10) Å are also observed.
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