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Liu XY, Tong XN, Liang XM, Guo Q, Tu PF, Zhang QY. Triterpenoids from the hook-bearing stems of Uncaria rhynchophylla. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024; 26:747-755. [PMID: 38379373 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2313542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
An unprescribed nortriterpenoid with an aromatic E ring, uncanortriterpenoid A (1), together with fourteen known triterpenoids (2-15), were isolated from the hook-bearing stems of Uncaria rhynchophylla Miq. Based on extensive spectroscopic analyses, the NMR data of 2, 5, and 10 in CD3OD were assigned for the first time, and the wrongly assigned δC of C-27 and C-29 of 2 were revised. Among the known compounds, 7, 13, and 15 were isolated from this species for the first time, and 15 represents the first lanostane triterpenoid bearing an extra methylidene at C-24 for the Rubiaceae family. Additionally, compounds 6 and 14 exhibited moderate ferroptosis inhibitory activity, with an EC50 value of 14.74 ± 0.20 μM for 6 and 23.11 ± 1.31 μM for 14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin-Nuo Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qing-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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2
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Aydin T, Saglamtas R, Gumustas M, Genisel M, Kazaz C, Cakir A. Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas, a New Herbal Source for Ursolic Acid: Quantitative Analysis, Purification and Bioactivity Studies. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300414. [PMID: 37338138 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, methanol, ethanol, methanol-dichloromethane (1 : 1, v/v), acetone, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, and chloroform extracts of lavender (Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas) were prepared by maceration, and the ursolic acid contents in the extracts were determined quantitatively by HPLC analyses. The present results show that the methanol-dichloromethane (1 : 1, v/v) solvent system is the most efficient solvent system for the extraction of ursolic acid from the plant sample with the highest yield (2.22 g/100 g plant sample). In the present study, a new practical method for the isolation of ursolic acid from polar extracts was also demonstrated for the first time. The inhibition effects of the extracts and ursolic acid were also revealed on α-glycosidase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and human carbonic anhydrase I and II enzymes by determining IC50 values for the first time. The extracts and ursolic acid acted as potent antidiabetic agents by strongly inhibiting the α-glycosidase activity, whereas they were found to be very weak neuroprotective agents. In view of the present results, L. stoechas and its major metabolite, ursolic acid, can be recommended as a herbal source to control postprandial blood sugar levels and prevent diabetes by delaying the digestion of starch in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Aydin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Agri, 04100, Türkiye
| | - Ruya Saglamtas
- Vocational School of Health Services, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Agri, 04100, Türkiye
- Central Research and Application Laboratory, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Agri, 04100, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Gumustas
- Pediatric Cardiology Department, Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, 34000, Türkiye
| | - Mucip Genisel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Agri, 04100, Türkiye
| | - Cavit Kazaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25000, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Cakir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kilis 7 Aralık University, Kilis, 79000, Türkiye
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Mai TT, Phan MH, Thai TT, Lam TP, Lai NVT, Nguyen TT, Nguyen TVP, Vo CVT, Thai KM, Tran TD. Discovery of novel flavonoid derivatives as potential dual inhibitors against α-glucosidase and α-amylase: virtual screening, synthesis, and biological evaluation. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10680-0. [PMID: 37369956 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the top ten causes of death worldwide, accounting for 6.7 million deaths in 2021, and is one of the most rapidly growing global health emergencies of this century. Although several classes of therapeutic drugs have been invented and applied in clinical practice, diabetes continues to pose a serious and growing threat to public health and places a tremendous burden on those affected and their families. The strategy of reducing carbohydrate digestibility by inhibiting the activities of α-glucosidase and α-amylase is regarded as a promising preventative treatment for type 2 diabetes. In this study, we investigated the dual inhibitory effect against two polysaccharide hydrolytic enzymes of flavonoid derivatives from an in-house chemical database. By combining molecular docking and structure-activity relationship analysis, twelve compounds with docking energies less than or equal to - 8.0 kcal mol-1 and containing required structural features for dual inhibition of the two enzymes were identified and subjected to chemical synthesis and in vitro evaluation. The obtained results showed that five compounds exhibited dual inhibitory effects on the target enzymes with better IC50 values than the approved positive control acarbose. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to elucidate the binding of these flavonoids to the enzymes. The predicted pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties suggest that these compounds are viable for further development as type 2 diabetes drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Thanh Mai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Minh-Hoang Phan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thao Thi Thai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thua-Phong Lam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nghia Vo-Trong Lai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Thao Nguyen
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Lak, 630000, Vietnam
| | - Thuy-Viet-Phuong Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Cam-Van Thi Vo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Khac-Minh Thai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Dao Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
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Cui JJ, Han YS, Zhou B, Yue JM. Ursane and 24-Noroleanane-Type Triterpenoids with Anti-HIV Activity from the Twigs and Leaves of Antirhea chinensis. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200716. [PMID: 36008326 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Investigations on the twigs and leaves of Antirhea chinensis have led to the discovery of two undescribed pentacyclic triterpenoids ( 1 and 2 ) and nine known analogues. Compounds 1 and 2 , each assigned as the ursane and 24-noroleanane-type triterpenoids, featuring similar oxidation pattern of 3 β ,6 β ,19 α -trihydroxy-28-carboxyl. Their structures were elucidated via comprehensive analyses of spectroscopic data. Compound 1 displayed potent anti-HIV activity (EC 50 = 1.24 μ M) and high selectivity index (SI > 32.3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Cui
- Lanzhou University, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, CHINA
| | - Ying-Shan Han
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University AIDS Centre,, Quebec H3T 1E2, Montreal, CANADA
| | - Bin Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica CAS: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, 201203, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Jian-Min Yue
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, Shanghai, CHINA
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Liu J, Wang FF, Jiang ZM, Liu EH. Identification of antidiabetic components in Uncariae Rammulus Cum Uncis based on phytochemical isolation and spectrum-effect relationship analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:659-669. [PMID: 35261095 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Uncariae Rammulus Cum Uncis (URCU) is a commonly used herbal medicine to treat diabetes. This work is aimed to discover and identify the antidiabetic components from URCU extract. METHODS Column chromatography and recrystallisation were used to separate individual compounds from URCU extract, and the obtained individual compounds were used for determination of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Molecular docking was applied to predict the molecular interactions. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for fingerprint analysis of 12 batches of URCU. HPLC fingerprints were assessed by the similarity analysis (SA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). The spectrum-effect relationship analysis of URCU was assessed by orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) and bivariate correlation analysis (BCA). RESULTS A total of 10 potential bioactive compounds were isolated and six of them showed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 4.21-166.10 μM). The molecular docking results revealed that the binding energy was consistent with the results of α-glucosidase inhibition activity analysis (-8.55 to -4.84 kcal/mol). The ethanol extracts of the 12 batches of URCU showed inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase in a dose-dependent manner, and the IC50 values ranged from 0.94 μg/mL to 12.57 μg/mL. The spectrum-effect relationship analysis results indicated that 13 peaks might be potential antidiabetic compounds in URCU, including 18 (hyperoside) and 19 (rutin). CONCLUSION A comprehensive connection between URCU chemical components and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was established for the first time by using a spectrum-effect relationship model, which might be applicable to the quality control of URCU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang-Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng-Meng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - E-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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6
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An updated review on the antimicrobial and pharmacological properties of the genus Uncaria (Rubiaceae). J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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A comprehensive review on phytochemicals for fatty liver: are they potential adjuvants? J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:411-425. [PMID: 34993581 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02170-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and, as such, is associated with obesity. With the current and growing epidemic of obesity, NAFLD is already considered the most common liver disease in the world. Currently, there is no official treatment for the disease besides weight loss. Although there are a few synthetic drugs currently being studied, there is also an abundance of herbal products that could also be used for treatment. With the World Health Organization (WHO) traditional medicine strategy (2014-2023) in mind, this review aims to analyze the mechanisms of action of some of these herbal products, as well as evaluate toxicity and herb-drug interactions available in literature.
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Luchnikova NA, Grishko VV, Ivshina IB. Biotransformation of Oleanane and Ursane Triterpenic Acids. Molecules 2020; 25:E5526. [PMID: 33255782 PMCID: PMC7728323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanane and ursane pentacyclic triterpenoids are secondary metabolites of plants found in various climatic zones and regions. This group of compounds is highly attractive due to their diverse biological properties and possible use as intermediates in the synthesis of new pharmacologically promising substances. By now, their antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumor, and other activities have been confirmed. In the last decade, methods of microbial synthesis of these compounds and their further biotransformation using microorganisms are gaining much popularity. The present review provides clear evidence that industrial microbiology can be a promising way to obtain valuable pharmacologically active compounds in environmentally friendly conditions without processing huge amounts of plant biomass and using hazardous and expensive chemicals. This review summarizes data on distribution, microbial synthesis, and biological activities of native oleanane and ursane triterpenoids. Much emphasis is put on the processes of microbial transformation of selected oleanane and ursane pentacyclic triterpenoids and on the bioactivity assessment of the obtained derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Luchnikova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081 Perm, Russia;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State National Research University, 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Victoria V. Grishko
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 614013 Perm, Russia;
| | - Irina B. Ivshina
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081 Perm, Russia;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State National Research University, 614990 Perm, Russia
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9
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Qin N, Lu X, Liu Y, Qiao Y, Qu W, Feng F, Sun H. Recent research progress of Uncaria spp. based on alkaloids: phytochemistry, pharmacology and structural chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112960. [PMID: 33148492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are well-known in affording clinically useful agents, with rich medicinal values by combining with disease targets through various mechanisms. Plant secondary metabolites as lead compounds lay the foundation for the discovery and development of new drugs in disease treatment. Genus Uncaria from Rubiaceae family is a significant plant source of active alkaloids, with anti-hypertensive, sedative, anti-Alzheimer's disease, anti-drug addiction and anti-inflammatory effects. This review summarizes and discuss the research progress of Uncaria based on alkaloids in the past 15 years, mainly in the past 5 years, including biosynthesis, phytochemistry, pharmacology and structural chemistry. Among, focusing on representative compounds rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline, the pharmacological activities surrounding the central nervous system and cardiovascular system are described in detail. On the basis of case studies, this article provides a brief overview of the synthesis and analogues of representative compounds types. In summary, this review provides an early basis for further searching for new targets and activities, discussing the mechanisms of pharmacological activity and studying the structure-activity relationships of active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Qin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, 223003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, 223003, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Wang Y, Fang YD, Su JL, Li RS, Wang F, Wang K. Chemical constituents of Uncaria rhynchophylloides How and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2020.104051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Wojtunik-Kulesza KA, Kasprzak K, Oniszczuk T, Oniszczuk A. Natural Monoterpenes: Much More than Only a Scent. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900434. [PMID: 31587473 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Terpenes are a widespread group of secondary metabolites that can be found in various family plants such as the Lamiaceae. In view of their numerous valuable biological activities, the industrial production of concrete terpenes and essential oils rich in the substances is intensively studied. Monoterpenes constitute a significant part of the whole group of the aforementioned secondary metabolites. This is due to their numerous biological activities and their ability to permeate the skin. Despite the fact that these substances have gain popularity, they are not comprehensively characterized. The presented review is based on studies of the biological activities of the most important monoterpenes and the essential oils rich in these compounds. The authors focused attention on antioxidant activity, inhibition towards acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase, and α-amylase and α-glucosidase, antifungal, hepatoprotective, sedative properties, and their skin permeation enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina A Wojtunik-Kulesza
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4 A. Chodźki Street, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamila Kasprzak
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4 A. Chodźki Street, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Oniszczuk
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Lublin University of Life Sciences, 44 Doświadczalna Street, 20-236, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Oniszczuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4 A. Chodźki Street, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
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12
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Zhu Y, Yang L, Zhang C, Tian Y, Zhang F, Li X. Structural and functional analyses of three purified polysaccharides isolated from Chinese Huaishan-yams. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:693-701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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13
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Yu FL, Bai DC, Liu XY, Jiang YJ, Ding CH, Hou XL. Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of gem-Alkyl,Aryl-Disubstituted Allyl Reagents with Ketones: Diastereoselective Construction of Vicinal Tertiary and Quaternary Carbon Centers. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b04313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Le Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Da-Chang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453007, China
| | - Xiu-Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang-Jie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chang-Hua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xue-Long Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai−Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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14
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Ding H, Hu X, Xu X, Zhang G, Gong D. Inhibitory mechanism of two allosteric inhibitors, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid on α-glucosidase. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:1844-1855. [PMID: 29030193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycemic control which can be efficaciously regulated by inhibiting α-glucosidase activity is an effective therapy for diabetes mellitus. This work is to investigate the kinetics and inhibition mechanism of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid on α-glucosidase. Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid exhibited potent inhibitory activities with IC50 values of (6.35±0.02)×10-6 and (1.69±0.03)×10-5molL-1 respectively in a reversible and non-competitive manner. Both of them binding to α-glucosidase induced the conformational change and intrinsic fluorescence quenching of α-glucosidase. The binding constants of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid with α-glucosidase at 298K were (2.04±0.02)×103 and (1.87±0.02)×103Lmol-1, respectively. Docking results showed that oleanolic acid and ursolic acid bound in different allosteric sites of cavity 2 and cavity 4 on α-glucosidase, respectively, which triggered allosteric regulation to perturb conformational dynamics of α-glucosidase, eventually leading to a decrease of catalytic activity of the enzyme. The substrate was not catalyzed by α-glucosidase to generate further products due to formation of a nonreactive ternary complex of oleanolic acid- or ursolic acid-α-glucosidase-substrate. The combination of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid displayed a significant synergistic inhibition on α-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Info- rmation Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Guowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Deming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; New Zealand Institute of Natural Medicine Research, 8 Ha Crescent, Auckland 2104, New Zealand
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15
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Qi YJ, Lu HN, Jin NZ, Zhang JY, Dong JQ. Understanding of the conformational flexibility and electrostatic properties of coumarin derivatives in the active site of S. cerevisiae α-glucosidase. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Covering: 2013. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2015, 29, 1028-1065This review covers the isolation and structure determination of triterpenoids reported during 2013 including squalene derivatives, lanostanes, holostanes, cycloartanes, cucurbitanes, dammaranes, euphanes, tirucallanes, tetranortriterpenoids, quassinoids, lupanes, oleananes, friedelanes, ursanes, hopanes, serratanes, isomalabaricanes and saponins; 350 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hill
- School of Chemistry, Glasgow University, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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17
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Wang ZW, Shi XJ, Mu Y, Fang L, Chen Y, Lin YL. Three novel indole alkaloids from Kopsia officinalis. Fitoterapia 2017; 119:8-11. [PMID: 28363506 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Three new indole alkaloids, named kopsioffines A-C (1-3), possessing relatively novel ten-membered lactam ring, and one known compound (11,12-demethoxy-16-deoxypauciflorine, 4) were isolated from the leaves and stems of Kopsia officinalis. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by calculated electronic circular dichroism data. The hypothetical biosynthetic pathway of 1 was postulated. All these isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase. None of them showed activity with IC50 far beyond 50μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China.
| | - Xiao-Jian Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Mu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Yun-Liang Lin
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
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Silva FSG, Oliveira PJ, Duarte MF. Oleanolic, Ursolic, and Betulinic Acids as Food Supplements or Pharmaceutical Agents for Type 2 Diabetes: Promise or Illusion? JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2991-3008. [PMID: 27012451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b06021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oleanolic (OA), ursolic (UA), and betulinic (BA) acids are three triterpenic acids (TAs) with potential effects for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Mechanistic studies showed that these TAs act as hypoglycemic and antiobesity agents mainly through (i) reducing the absorption of glucose; (ii) decreasing endogenous glucose production; (iii) increasing insulin sensitivity; (iv) improving lipid homeostasis; and (v) promoting body weight regulation. Besides these promising beneficial effects, it is believed that OA, UA, and BA protect against diabetes-related comorbidities due to their antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. We also highlight the protective effect of OA, UA, and BA against oxidative damage, which may be very relevant for the treatment and/or prevention of T2DM. In the present review, we provide an integrative description of the antidiabetic properties of OA, UA, and BA, evaluating the potential use of these TAs as food supplements or pharmaceutical agents to prevent and/or treat T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena S G Silva
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrı́cola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja) , Apartado 6158, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cellular Biology, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park, University of Coimbra , 3060-107 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Maria F Duarte
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrı́cola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja) , Apartado 6158, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
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Betulinic acid and oleanolic acid, natural pentacyclic triterpenoids, interfere with N-linked glycan modifications to intercellular adhesion molecule-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 767:126-34. [PMID: 26460147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. We recently identified a unique biological effect of ursolic acid, its inhibition of the intracellular trafficking of glycoproteins. In the present study, we demonstrated that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid did not inhibit the interleukin-1α-induced expression of cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. Nevertheless, betulinic acid and, to a lesser extent, oleanolic acid interfered with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1 in a similar manner to castanospermine (an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II), but not swainsonine (an inhibitor of Golgi α-mannosidase II). Consistent with these results, betulinic acid and oleanolic acid inhibited yeast α-glucosidase activity, but not Jack bean α-mannosidase activity. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid interfere with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface.
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Zhang Q, Zhao JJ, Xu J, Feng F, Qu W. Medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Uncaria. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 173:48-80. [PMID: 26091967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Uncaria belongs to the family Rubiaceae, which mainly distributed in tropical regions, such as Southeast Asia, Africa and Southeast America. Their leaves and hooks have long been thought to have healing powers and are already being tested as a treatment for asthma, cancer, cirrhosis, diabetes, hypertension, stroke and rheumatism. The present review aims to provide systematically reorganized information on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Uncaria to support for further therapeutic potential of this genus. To better understanding this genus, information on the stereo-chemistry and structure-activity relationships in indole alkaloids is also represented. MATERIAL AND METHODS The literature study of this review is based on various databases search (SCIFinder, Science Direct, CNKI, Wiley online library, Spring Link, Web of Science, PubMed, Wanfang Data, Medalink, Google scholar, ACS, Tropicos, Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria, The New York Botanical Garden, African Plants Database at Genera Botanical Garden, The Plant List and SEINet) and library search for Biological Abstract and some local books on ethnopharmacology. RESULTS 19 species of the genus Uncaria are found to be important folk medicines in China, Malaysia, Phillippines, Africa and Southeast America, etc, and have been served for the treatment of asthma, rheumatism, hyperpyrexia, hypertension and headaches, etc. More than 200 compounds have been isolated from Uncaria, including indole alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids, phenols, phenylpropanoids, etc. As characteristic constituents, indole alkaloids have been considered as main efficacy component for hypertension, epilepsy, depressant, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, pharmacokinetic and metabolism investigation reveal that the indole alkaloids are likely to be absorbed, metabolized and excreted at early time points. Moreover, the specific inhibition of CYP isozymes can regulate their hydroxylation metabolites at C-10 and C-11. CONCLUSION Preliminary investigations on pharmacological properties of the Uncaria species have enlightened their efficacious remedy for hypertension, asthma, cancer, diabetes, rheumatism and neurodegenerative diseases. To ensure the safety and effectiveness in clinical application, research on bioactive compounds, pharmacological mechanisms and toxicity of the genus Uncaria as well as the stereo-chemistry and structure-activity relationships of indole alkaloids seem very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiao Jiao Zhao
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Jesus JA, Lago JHG, Laurenti MD, Yamamoto ES, Passero LFD. Antimicrobial activity of oleanolic and ursolic acids: an update. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:620472. [PMID: 25793002 PMCID: PMC4352472 DOI: 10.1155/2015/620472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triterpenoids are the most representative group of phytochemicals, as they comprise more than 20,000 recognized molecules. These compounds are biosynthesized in plants via squalene cyclization, a C30 hydrocarbon that is considered to be the precursor of all steroids. Due to their low hydrophilicity, triterpenes were considered to be inactive for a long period of time; however, evidence regarding their wide range of pharmacological activities is emerging, and elegant studies have highlighted these activities. Several triterpenic skeletons have been described, including some that have presented with pentacyclic features, such as oleanolic and ursolic acids. These compounds have displayed incontestable biological activity, such as antibacterial, antiviral, and antiprotozoal effects, which were not included in a single review until now. Thus, the present review investigates the potential use of these triterpenes against human pathogens, including their mechanisms of action, via in vivo studies, and the future perspectives about the use of compounds for human or even animal health are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica A. Jesus
- Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenue Dr. Arnaldo 455, 06780-210 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Professor Artur Riedel 275, 09972-270 Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - João Henrique G. Lago
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Professor Artur Riedel 275, 09972-270 Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia D. Laurenti
- Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenue Dr. Arnaldo 455, 06780-210 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S. Yamamoto
- Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenue Dr. Arnaldo 455, 06780-210 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe D. Passero
- Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenue Dr. Arnaldo 455, 06780-210 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
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Feng X, Li DP, Zhang ZS, Chu ZY, Luan J. Microbial transformation of the anti-diabetic agent corosolic acid. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1879-86. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.955485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Xia Y, Zuo J, Li X, Chen JW. Antihyperglycemic Effect of Various Fractions from Residues of Blumea balsamifera. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(14)60021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Mitsuda S, Yokomichi T, Yokoigawa J, Kataoka T. Ursolic acid, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces accumulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:229-39. [PMID: 24649404 PMCID: PMC3958921 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid inhibits cell-surface expression of ICAM-1. Ursolic acid induces accumulation of high-mannose-type ICAM-1 in ER. Ursolic acid induces morphological changes of Golgi apparatus. Ursolic acid inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins.
Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. Ursolic acid was initially identified as an inhibitor of the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in response to interleukin-1α (IL-1α). We report here a novel biological activity: ursolic acid inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins. Ursolic acid markedly inhibited the IL-1α-induced cell-surface ICAM-1 expression in human cancer cell lines and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. By contrast, ursolic acid exerted weak inhibitory effects on the IL-1α-induced ICAM-1 expression at the protein level. Surprisingly, we found that ursolic acid decreased the apparent molecular weight of ICAM-1 and altered the structures of N-linked oligosaccharides bound to ICAM-1. Ursolic acid induced the accumulation of ICAM-1 in the endoplasmic reticulum, which was linked mainly to high-mannose-type glycans. Moreover, in ursolic-acid-treated cells, the Golgi apparatus was fragmented into pieces and distributed over the cells. Thus, our results reveal that ursolic acid inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces the accumulation of ICAM-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Key Words
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- Endo H, endoglycosidase H
- Glycosylation
- Golgi apparatus
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1
- IL-1, interleukin-1
- Intercellular adhesion molecule-1
- Intracellular trafficking
- IκB, inhibitor of nuclear factor κB
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κB
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PNGase F, peptide: N-glycosidase F
- Ursolic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Mitsuda
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Yokomichi
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Junpei Yokoigawa
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Takao Kataoka
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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Jabeen B, Riaz N, Saleem M, Naveed MA, Ashraf M, Alam U, Rafiq HM, Tareen RB, Jabbar A. Isolation of natural compounds from Phlomis stewartii showing α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 96:443-448. [PMID: 24120299 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Stewartiiside (1), a phenylethanoid glycoside and three 28-nortriterpenoids: stewertiisins A-C [(17R)-19(18→17)-abeo-3α,18β,23,24-tetrahydroxy-28-norolean-12-ene, 2; (17R)-19(18→17)-abeo-2α,16β,18β,23,24-pentahydroxy-28-norolean-12-en-3-one, 3; (17R)-19(18→17)-abeo-2α,3α,23,24-tetrahydroxy-28-noroleane-11,13-diene, 4] together with eight known compounds: lunariifolioside (5), notohamosin A (6), phlomispentanol (7), isorhamnetin 3-(6-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), tiliroside (9), caffeic acid (10), p-hydrxybenzoic acid (11) and oleanolic acid (12) were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanolic extract of whole plant of Phlomis stewartii. The structures of these isolates (1-12) were elucidated by the combination of 1D ((1)H and (13)C NMR), 2D (HMQC, HMBC COSY, NOESY) NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (EIMS, HREIMS, FABMS, HRFABMS) and in comparison with literature data of related compounds. All the isolates (1-12) showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging between 14.5 and 355.4 μM, whereas, compounds 1, 5, 9 and 10 showed promising α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values below 30 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Jabeen
- Department of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
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