1
|
Gopal M, Shil S, Gupta A, Hebbar KB, Arivalagan M. Metagenomic Investigation Uncovers Presence of Probiotic-Type Microbiome in Kalparasa ® (Fresh Unfermented Coconut Inflorescence Sap). Front Microbiol 2021; 12:662783. [PMID: 34484136 PMCID: PMC8415118 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.662783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The phloem sap tapped from unopened inflorescence (spadix) of coconut palm using a novel collecting device, “coco-sap chiller,” has been branded Kalparasa® (henceforth as Kalparasa in the text) to distinguish its properties not found in sap harvested by traditional methods. To know its hitherto unidentified microbiome profile, we employed high-throughput sequencing to uncover the bacteriome and mycobiome in fresh and 12-h fermented samples. Fresh Kalparasa had a pH of 7.2, which dropped to 4.5 after 12 h, signifying fermentation of the sap. Diversity analysis indicated fresh Kalparasa having higher bacterial species than the fermented one. Contrary to this, fresh sap had lower fungal/yeast diversity than the fermented sample. Fresh Kalparasa had relatively higher abundance of probiotic-type Leuconostoc genus followed by equal proportions of Gluconobacter, Acetobacter, and Fructobacillus. The 12-h fermented Kalparasa showed a significant increase in Gluconobacter with a sharp decrease in Leuconostoc. Mycobiome data revealed fresh Kalparasa to be preponderant in Saccharomyces and Hanseniaspora genera of yeasts while the fermented sap had higher representation of Hanseniaspora and Cortinarius and lesser Saccharomyces. This suggested that the fermentation of Kalparasa was probably driven by symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeasts (SCOBY), particularly acetic acid bacteria and non-Saccharomyces yeasts. The bacteriome-function predictions highlighted the enrichment of glycerophospholipid, ABC transporters, purine, and pyrimidine metabolisms. Based on our findings, Kalparasa containing large population of Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Fructobacillus fructosus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Hanseniaspora guilliermondii can be promoted as a healthy “unfermented” plant edible food containing live probiotic-type microbiome during its consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murali Gopal
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, India
| | - Sandip Shil
- Research Centre, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Mohitnagar, India
| | - Alka Gupta
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, India
| | - K B Hebbar
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, India
| | - M Arivalagan
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ali F, Houde J, Charron C, Sadiki M. Chemical composition and properties of maple sap treated with an ultra high membrane concentration process. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
3
|
Jennifer J. P, Maria C. F. A Comprehensive Review of Maple Sap Microbiota and Its Effect on Maple Syrup Quality. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1788579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Perry Jennifer J.
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Fiore Maria C.
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gutierrez Lopez J, Licata J, Pypker T, Asbjornsen H. Effects of heater wattage on sap flux density estimates using an improved tree-cut experiment. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:679-693. [PMID: 30597089 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the effects of heater wattage on sap flux estimates from heat dissipation sensors and generated calibrated equations for 1-year-old Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden trees. We used a total of eight trees ranging from 3 to 6 cm in diameter. Our calibration experiment was performed with a modified tree-cut approach, which allowed us to estimate gravimetric water use manually weighing 20 l buckets every 15 min while sap flux was monitored on each tree. Our results indicate that changes the current supplied to the heaters from 0.15 to 0.25 W does not significantly influence sap flux estimates, as long as the maximum temperature (Tmax) is properly determined for each period when wattage is different, and natural temperature gradients are corrected. Using the original parameters developed for this method, sap flux density and sap flow had an average underestimation of 53%, which according to our analysis had a reduced but relevant correlation with tree diameter (R2 = 0.3, linear regression). These results may allow researchers to supply different currents to heat dissipation sensors to increase sensitivity or to reduce power consumption. They also provide evidence in favor of the correction and use of raw data collected when unwanted changes in wattage occur. The relationship observed between estimation error and tree diameter, while not strongly significant, suggests that diameter plays an important role in the estimation errors that has not been previously considered, and requires further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Gutierrez Lopez
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå Sweden
| | - Julian Licata
- Institutional Research and Effectiveness, Bemidji State University, Bemidji, MN, USA
| | - Thomas Pypker
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC, Canada
| | - Heidi Asbjornsen
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
N'guyen GQ, Martin N, Jain M, Lagacé L, Landry CR, Filteau M. A systems biology approach to explore the impact of maple tree dormancy release on sap variation and maple syrup quality. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14658. [PMID: 30279486 PMCID: PMC6168607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maple sap is a complex nutrient matrix collected during spring to produce maple syrup. The characteristics of sap change over the production period and its composition directly impacts syrup quality. This variability could in part be attributed to changes in tree metabolism following dormancy release, but little is known about these changes in deciduous trees. Therefore, understanding the variation in sap composition associated with dormancy release could help pinpoint the causes of some defects in maple syrup. In particular, a defect known as "buddy", is an increasing concern for the industry. This off-flavor appears around the time of bud break, hence its name. To investigate sap variation related to bud break and the buddy defect, we monitored sap variation with respect to a dormancy release index (Sbb) and syrup quality. First, we looked at variation in amino acid content during this period. We observed a shift in amino acid relative proportions associated with dormancy release and found that most of them increase rapidly near the point of bud break, correlating with changes in syrup quality. Second, we identified biological processes that respond to variation in maple sap by performing a competition assay using the barcoded Saccharomyces cerevisiae prototroph deletion collection. This untargeted approach revealed that the organic sulfur content may be responsible for the development of the buddy off-flavor, and that dormancy release is necessary for the appearance of the defect, but other factors such as microbial activity may also be contributing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Quang N'guyen
- Département des Sciences des aliments, Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Département de Biologie, Département de Biochimie, Microbiologie et Bio-informatique, PROTEO, Centre de recherche en données massives and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nathalie Martin
- Centre de recherche, de développement et de transfert technologique acéricole Inc., Saint-Norbert-d'Arthabaska, Québec, G0P 1B0, Canada
| | - Mani Jain
- Département de Biologie, Département de Biochimie, Microbiologie et Bio-informatique, PROTEO, Centre de recherche en données massives and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Luc Lagacé
- Centre de recherche, de développement et de transfert technologique acéricole Inc., Saint-Norbert-d'Arthabaska, Québec, G0P 1B0, Canada
| | - Christian R Landry
- Département de Biologie, Département de Biochimie, Microbiologie et Bio-informatique, PROTEO, Centre de recherche en données massives and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie Filteau
- Département des Sciences des aliments, Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lagacé L, Charron C, Sadiki M. Analysis of plastic residues in maple sap and syrup collected from tubing systems sanitized with isopropyl alcohol. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00306. [PMID: 28560359 PMCID: PMC5443961 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A plastic tubing system operated under vacuum is usually used to collect sap from maple trees during spring time to produce maple syrup. This system is commonly sanitized with isopropyl alcohol (IPA) to remove microbial contamination colonizing the system during the sugar season. Questions have been raised whether IPA would contribute to the leaching of plastic residues in maple sap and syrup coming from sanitized systems. First, an extraction experiment was performed in the lab on commercial plastic tubing materials that were submitted to IPA under harsh conditions. The results of the GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of many compounds that served has target for further tests. Secondly, tests were done on early and mid-season maple sap and syrup coming from many sugarbushes using IPA or not to determine potential concentrations of plastic residues. Results obtained from sap and syrup samples showed that no quantifiable (< 1–75 μg/L) concentration of any plastic molecules tested was determined in all samples coming from IPA treated or not treated systems. However, some samples of first sap run used as a rinse solution to be discarded before the season start and that were coming from non sanitized or IPA sanitized systems, showed quantifiable concentrations of chemical residue such as ultraviolet protector (octabenzone). These results show that IPA can be safely used to sanitize maple sap collection system in regards to the leaching of plastic residues in maple sap and syrup and reinforced the need to thoroughly rinse the tubing system at the beginning of the season for both sanitized and non sanitized systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Lagacé
- Centre de recherche, de développement et de transfert technologique acéricole inc. 142 rang Lainesse, St-Norbert d'Arthabaska, Québec, Canada. G0P 1B0
| | - Carmen Charron
- Centre de recherche, de développement et de transfert technologique acéricole inc. 142 rang Lainesse, St-Norbert d'Arthabaska, Québec, Canada. G0P 1B0
| | - Mustapha Sadiki
- Centre de recherche, de développement et de transfert technologique acéricole inc. 142 rang Lainesse, St-Norbert d'Arthabaska, Québec, Canada. G0P 1B0
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Filteau M, Charron G, Landry CR. Identification of the fitness determinants of budding yeast on a natural substrate. THE ISME JOURNAL 2017; 11:959-971. [PMID: 27935595 PMCID: PMC5364353 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2016.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The budding yeasts are prime models in genomics and cell biology, but the ecological factors that determine their success in non-human-associated habitats is poorly understood. In North America Saccharomyces yeasts are present on the bark of deciduous trees, where they feed on bark and sap exudates. In the North East, Saccharomyces paradoxus is found on maples, which makes maple sap a natural substrate for this species. We measured growth rates of S. paradoxus natural isolates on maple sap and found variation along a geographical gradient not explained by the inherent variation observed under optimal laboratory conditions. We used a functional genomic screen to reveal the ecologically relevant genes and conditions required for optimal growth in this substrate. We found that the allantoin degradation pathway is required for optimal growth in maple sap, in particular genes necessary for allantoate utilization, which we demonstrate is the major nitrogen source available to yeast in this environment. Growth with allantoin or allantoate as the sole nitrogen source recapitulated the variation in growth rates in maple sap among strains. We also show that two lineages of S. paradoxus display different life-history traits on allantoin and allantoate media, highlighting the ecological relevance of this pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Filteau
- Département de Biologie, PROTEO, Big Data Research Center and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département des Sciences des aliments, Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Charron
- Département de Biologie, PROTEO, Big Data Research Center and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian R Landry
- Département de Biologie, PROTEO, Big Data Research Center and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Speciation driven by hybridization and chromosomal plasticity in a wild yeast. Nat Microbiol 2016; 1:15003. [PMID: 27571751 DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2015.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization is recognized as a powerful mechanism of speciation and a driving force in generating biodiversity. However, only few multicellular species, limited to a handful of plants and animals, have been shown to fulfil all the criteria of homoploid hybrid speciation. This lack of evidence could lead to the interpretation that speciation by hybridization has a limited role in eukaryotes, particularly in single-celled organisms. Laboratory experiments have revealed that fungi such as budding yeasts can rapidly develop reproductive isolation and novel phenotypes through hybridization, showing that in principle homoploid speciation could occur in nature. Here, we report a case of homoploid hybrid speciation in natural populations of the budding yeast Saccharomyces paradoxus inhabiting the North American forests. We show that the rapid evolution of chromosome architecture and an ecological context that led to secondary contact between nascent species drove the formation of an incipient hybrid species with a potentially unique ecological niche.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lagacé L, Leclerc S, Charron C, Sadiki M. Biochemical composition of maple sap and relationships among constituents. J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2014.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
10
|
Contribution to the development of a method of maple sap soft drink stabilization by electro-activation technology. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
11
|
Cordier T, Robin C, Capdevielle X, Fabreguettes O, Desprez-Loustau ML, Vacher C. The composition of phyllosphere fungal assemblages of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) varies significantly along an elevation gradient. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 196:510-519. [PMID: 22934891 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the potential effect of climate warming on phyllosphere fungi, despite their important impact on the dynamics and diversity of plant communities. The structure of phyllosphere fungal assemblages along elevation gradients may provide information about this potential effect, because elevation gradients correspond to temperature gradients over short geographic distances. We thus investigated variations in the composition of fungal assemblages inhabiting the phyllosphere of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) at four sites over a gradient of 1000 m of elevation in the French Pyrénées Mountains, by using tag-encoded 454 pyrosequencing. Our results show that the composition of fungal assemblages varied significantly between elevation sites, in terms of both the relative abundance and the presence-absence of species, and that the variations in assemblage composition were well correlated with variations in the average temperatures. Our results therefore suggest that climate warming might alter both the incidence and the abundance of phyllosphere fungal species, including potential pathogens. For example, Mycosphaerella punctiformis, a causal agent of leaf spots, showed decreasing abundance with elevation and might therefore shift to higher elevations in response to warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Cordier
- INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33610, Cestas, France
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Cécile Robin
- INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33610, Cestas, France
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Xavier Capdevielle
- INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33610, Cestas, France
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Olivier Fabreguettes
- INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33610, Cestas, France
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau
- INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33610, Cestas, France
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Corinne Vacher
- INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33610, Cestas, France
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33400, Talence, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sint D, Raso L, Traugott M. Advances in multiplex PCR: balancing primer efficiencies and improving detection success. Methods Ecol Evol 2012; 3:898-905. [PMID: 23549328 PMCID: PMC3573865 DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-210x.2012.00215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1. Multiplex PCR is a valuable tool in many biological studies but it is a multifaceted procedure that has to be planned and optimised thoroughly to achieve robust and meaningful results. In particular, primer concentrations have to be adjusted to assure an even amplification of all targeted DNA fragments. Until now, total DNA extracts were used for balancing primer efficiencies; however, the applicability for comparisons between taxa or different multiple-copy genes was limited owing to the unknown number of template molecules present per total DNA. 2. Based on a multiplex system developed to track trophic interactions in high Alpine arthropods, we demonstrate a fast and easy way of generating standardised DNA templates. These were then used to balance the amplification success for the different targets and to subsequently determine the sensitivity of each primer pair in the multiplex PCR. 3. In the current multiplex assay, this approach led to an even amplification success for all seven targeted DNA fragments. Using this balanced multiplex PCR, methodological bias owing to variation in primer efficiency will be avoided when analysing field-derived samples. 4. The approach outlined here allows comparing multiplex PCR sensitivity, independent of the investigated species, genome size or the targeted genes. The application of standardised DNA templates not only makes it possible to optimise primer efficiency within a given multiplex PCR, but it also offers to adjust and/or to compare the sensitivity between different assays. Along with other factors that influence the success of multiplex reactions, and which we discuss here in relation to the presented detection system, the adoption of this approach will allow for direct comparison of multiplex PCR data between systems and studies, enhancing the utility of this assay type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Sint
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Filteau M, Lagacé L, LaPointe G, Roy D. Maple sap predominant microbial contaminants are correlated with the physicochemical and sensorial properties of maple syrup. Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 154:30-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|