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Zuo C, Qin Y, Zhang Y, Pan L, Tu K, Peng J. Oil addition increases the heat resistance of Clostridium sporogenes spores in braised sauce beef: Perspectives from spore surface characteristics and microstructure. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 413:110608. [PMID: 38308875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
During thermal processing of braised sauce beef, the lipid content of circularly used sauce increased accordingly because of lipid migration from beef to sauce, which may impact the bacterial heat resistance in the products. This study aims to characterize the heat resistance of Clostridium sporogenes spores in braised sauce beef, and investigate the effects of oil on the spore surface characteristics and microstructure. The results indicated that the heat resistance of C. sporogenes spores in beef was significantly higher than that in sauce. Oil addition remarkably enhanced the spore heat resistance in sauce, with D95°C value three times more than that without oil added, and even higher than that in beef. The results of spore surface characteristics indicated that oil addition led to an increase of hydrophobicity and a decrease of zeta potential, which ultimately increased spore heat resistance. Microstructure analysis indicated that exosporium maintenance and cortex expansion induced by oil addition might contribute to the increase of spore heat resistance. This study has sufficiently verified the importance of oil content on the heat resistance of C. sporogenes spores, which should be taken into consideration when developing thermal processes for controlling the spores in food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhou Zuo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yue Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yueyang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Leiqing Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kang Tu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Prinčič L, Burtscher J, Sacken P, Krajnc T, Domig KJ. Clostridium strain FAM25158, a unique endospore-forming bacterium related to Clostridium tyrobutyricum and isolated from Emmental cheese shows low tolerance to salt. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1353321. [PMID: 38414773 PMCID: PMC10897056 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1353321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Clostridium is a large and diverse group of species that can cause food spoilage, including late blowing defect (LBD) in cheese. In this study, we investigated the taxonomic status of strain FAM25158 isolated from Emmental cheese with LBD using a polyphasic taxonomic and comparative genomic approach. A 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny suggested affiliation to the Clostridium sensu stricto cluster, with Clostridium tyrobutyricum DSM 2637T being the closest related type strain (99.16% sequence similarity). Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) analysis revealed that strain FAM25158 is at the species threshold with C. tyrobutyricum, with ANI values ranging from 94.70 to 95.26%, while the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values were below the recommended threshold, suggesting that FAM25158 is significantly different from C. tyrobutyricum at the genomic level. Moreover, comparative genomic analysis between FAM25158 and its four closest C. tyrobutyricum relatives revealed a diversity of metabolic pathways, with FAM25158 differing from other C. tyrobutyricum strains by the presence of genes such as scrA, srcB, and scrK, responsible for sucrose utilization, and the absence of many important functional genes associated with cold and osmolality adaptation, which was further supported by phenotypic analyses. Surprisingly, strain FAM25158 exhibited unique physiologic traits, such as an optimal growth temperature of 30°C, in contrast to its closest relatives, C. tyrobutyricum species with an optimal growth temperature of 37°C. Additionally, the growth of FAM25158 was inhibited at NaCl concentrations higher than 0.5%, a remarkable observation considering its origin from cheese. While the results of this study provide novel information on the genetic content of strain FAM25158, the relationship between its genetic content and the observed phenotype remains a topic requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Prinčič
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Burtscher
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Sacken
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tina Krajnc
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Konrad J Domig
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Le Han H, Pham PTV, Kim SG, Chan SS, Khoo KS, Chew KW, Show PL, Tran TNT, Nguyen HTV, Nguyen PTD. Isolation and Characterization of Antimicrobial Peptides Isolated from Brevibacillus halotolerans 7WMA2 for the Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00963-0. [PMID: 38042757 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00963-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance to pathogens has posed a severe threat to public health. The threat could be addressed by antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with broad-spectrum suppression. In this study, Brevibacillus halotolerans 7WMA2, isolated from marine sediment, produced AMPs against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The AMPs were precipitated by ammonium sulfate 30% (w/v) from culture broth and dialyzed by a 1 kDa membrane. Tryptone Soy Agar (TSA) was used for the cultivation and resulted in the largest bacteria-inhibiting zones under aerobic conditions at 25 °C, 48 h. An SDS-PAGE gel overlay test revealed that strain 7WMA2 could produce AMPs of 5-10 kDa and showed no degradation when held at 121 °C for 30 min at a wide pH 2-12 range. The AMPs did not cause toxicity to HeLa cells with concentrations up to 500 µg/mL while increasing the arbitrary unit up to eight times. The study showed that the AMPs produced were unique, with broad-spectrum antimicrobial ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Le Han
- The University of Danang, University of Science and Technology, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang St., Danang, 550000, Viet Nam.
| | | | - Song-Gun Kim
- Biological Resource Center/Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Sin Chan
- Institut Sains Biologi, Fakulti Sains, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Shakhbout Bin Sultan St, Zone 1, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thi Ngoc Thu Tran
- The University of Danang, University of Technology and Education, 48 Cao Thang st, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | | | - Phuong Thi Dong Nguyen
- The University of Danang, University of Technology and Education, 48 Cao Thang st, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam.
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Meurens F, Carlin F, Federighi M, Filippitzi ME, Fournier M, Fravalo P, Ganière JP, Grisot L, Guillier L, Hilaire D, Kooh P, Le Bouquin-Leneveu S, Le Maréchal C, Mazuet C, Morvan H, Petit K, Vaillancourt JP, Woudstra C. Clostridium botulinum type C, D, C/D, and D/C: An update. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1099184. [PMID: 36687640 PMCID: PMC9849819 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1099184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium botulinum is the main causative agent of botulism, a neurological disease encountered in humans as well as animals. Nine types of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) have been described so far. Amongst these "toxinotypes," the A, the B and E are the most frequently encountered in humans while the C, D, C/D and D/C are mostly affecting domestic and wild birds as well as cattle. In France for instance, many cases and outbreaks are reported in these animal species every year. However, underestimation is very likely at least for avifauna species where the detection of dead animals can be challenging. Knowledge about BoNTs C, D, C/D, and D/C and the diseases they cause in animals and humans is still scarce and unclear. Specifically, the potential role of animal botulism outbreaks in cattle and poultry as a source of human illness needs to be further assessed. In this narrative review, we present the current knowledge about toxinotypes C, D, C/D, and D/C in cattle and poultry with, amongst various other aspects, their epidemiological cycles. We also discuss the zoonotic potential of these toxinotypes and some possible ways of risk mitigation. An adapted and effective management of botulism outbreaks in livestock also requires a better understanding of these less common and known toxinotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Meurens
- INRAE, Oniris, BIOEPAR, Nantes, France,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada,*Correspondence: François Meurens,
| | | | | | - Maria-Eleni Filippitzi
- Laboratory of Animal Health Economics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Matthieu Fournier
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Univ Caen Normandie, CNRS, M2C, UMR 6143, Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Chaire Agroalimentaire du Cnam, Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers, EPN7, Ploufragan, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Pauline Kooh
- Risk Assessment Department, ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie Le Bouquin-Leneveu
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, Ploufragan, France
| | - Caroline Le Maréchal
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, Ploufragan, France
| | - Christelle Mazuet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNR Bactéries anaérobies et Botulisme, Paris, France
| | | | - Karine Petit
- Risk Assessment Department, ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Vaillancourt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Cédric Woudstra
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Koukou I, Stergioti T, la Cour R, Gkogka E, Dalgaard P. Clostridium sporogenes as surrogate for proteolytic C. botulinum - Development and validation of extensive growth and growth-boundary model. Food Microbiol 2022; 107:104060. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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