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Othman MA, Sivasothy Y. Acylphenols and Dimeric Acylphenols from the Genus Myristica: A Review of Their Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1589. [PMID: 37111813 PMCID: PMC10143527 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The genus Myristica is a medicinally important genus belonging to the Myristicaceae. Traditional medicinal systems in Asia have employed plants from the genus Myristica to treat a variety of ailments. Acylphenols and dimeric acylphenols are a rare group of secondary metabolites, which, to date, have only been identified in the Myristicaceae, in particular, in the genus Myristica. The aim of the review would be to provide scientific evidence that the medicinal properties of the genus Myristica could be attributed to the acylphenols and dimeric acylphenols present in the various parts of its plants and highlight the potential in the development of the acylphenols and dimeric acylphenols as pharmaceutical products. SciFinder-n, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed were used to conduct the literature search between 2013-2022 on the phytochemistry and the pharmacology of acylphenols and dimeric acylphenols from the genus Myristica. The review discusses the distribution of the 25 acylphenols and dimeric acylphenols within the genus Myristica, their extraction, isolation, and characterization from the respective Myristica species, the structural similarities and differences within each group and between the different groups of the acylphenols and dimeric acylphenols, and their in vitro pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Aqmal Othman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yasodha Sivasothy
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
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2
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Carvalho FV, Fonseca Santana L, Diogenes A da Silva V, Costa SL, Zambotti-Villelae L, Colepicolo P, Ferraz CG, Ribeiro PR. Combination of a multiplatform metabolite profiling approach and chemometrics as a powerful strategy to identify bioactive metabolites in Lepidium meyenii (Peruvian maca). Food Chem 2021; 364:130453. [PMID: 34186480 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lepidium meyenii is an edible plant that has been used as a nutritional supplement worldwide due to its medicinal properties. However, most of the studies have focused on the pharmacological activities of the extracts rather than their chemical composition. Herein, we used a combination of a multiplatform metabolite profiling approach and chemometrics to identify bioactive metabolites in L. meyenii. Extracts obtained with ethyl acetate and ethanol showed the promising antioxidant, anti-glioma and antibacterial activities. Sixty metabolites were identified by HPLC-MS, whereas fifteen were identified by GC-MS. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) successfully discriminated extracts obtained in different organic solvents from in natura dry roots and commercial product samples of L. meyenii. Additionally, correlation analysis allowed us to pinpoint potential candidates responsible for each biological activity tested for the extracts, which could be extrapolate for other food-related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda V Carvalho
- Metabolomics Research Group, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s/n, 40170-115 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Lucia Fonseca Santana
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Victor Diogenes A da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Silvia L Costa
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Zambotti-Villelae
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pio Colepicolo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caline G Ferraz
- Metabolomics Research Group, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s/n, 40170-115 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Ribeiro
- Metabolomics Research Group, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s/n, 40170-115 Salvador, Brazil.
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3
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Rajak C, Singh N, Parashar P. Metal toxicity and natural antidotes: prevention is better than cure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43582-43598. [PMID: 32951168 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity due to heavy metals (HM), specifically mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) remains a challenge to scientists till date. This review gives insights into natural antidotes for the management and prevention of HM toxicity. Various databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Science Direct were searched for available facts on natural antidotes and their commercial products against HM toxicity till date. Toxicity owing to such metals needs prevention rather than therapy. Natural antidotes, fruits and vegetables, rich in antioxidant are the answers to such toxicities. Synthetic chelators impart a major drawback of removing essential metals required for normal body function, along with the toxic one. Natural antioxidants are bestowed with scavenging and chelation properties and can be alternative for synthetic chelating agents. Natural compounds are abundantly available, economic, and have minimal side effects when compared with classical chelators. Prevention is better than cure and thus adding plentiful vegetables and fruits to our diet can combat HM toxicity-related illness. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Rajak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Near CRPF Base Camp, Ahmadpur urf Kamlapur, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Neelu Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, UP, 226025, India
| | - Poonam Parashar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Near CRPF Base Camp, Ahmadpur urf Kamlapur, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, UP, 226025, India.
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4
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Novel and Stable Dual-Color IL-6 and IL-10 Reporters Derived from RAW 264.7 for Anti-Inflammation Screening of Natural Products. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184620. [PMID: 31540402 PMCID: PMC6769898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study suggested that the interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 could serve as good biomarkers for chronic inflammatory disease. We previously established an IL-6 and IL-10 reporters assay that could examine reporter activity along with the reference gene in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. In this study, we described new and stable RAW 264.7 derived dual-color IL-6/gapdh and IL-10/gapdh reporters. This assay allowed us to easily determine relative IL-6 and IL-10 levels with 96-well plate within one step. We evaluated the relative IL-6 and IL-10 levels in the LPS-induced stable cells testing 52 natural products by real-time bioluminescence monitoring and time-point determination using a microplate luminometer. The relative IL-6 and IL-6/IL-10 values decreased by the crude ethanol extracts from nutmeg and by 1′S-1′-acetoxychavicol from greater galangal using real-time bioluminescence monitoring. At the same time, the relative IL-10 was induced. The relative IL-6 and IL-6/IL-10 decreased by crude ethanol extracts from nutmeg and 1′S-1′-acetoxychavicol acetate at 6 h. Only crude ethanol extract from nutmeg induced IL-10 at 6 h. We suggested that the use of these stable cells by real-time monitoring could serve as a screening assay for anti-inflammatory activity and may be used to discover new drugs against chronic inflammatory disease.
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Amadi CN, Offor SJ, Frazzoli C, Orisakwe OE. Natural antidotes and management of metal toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18032-18052. [PMID: 31079302 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The global burden of heavy metal especially mercury, arsenic, lead, and cadmium toxicities remains a significant public health challenge. Developing nations are particularly at high risk and carry the highest burden of this hazard. Chelation therapy has been the mainstay for treatment of heavy metal poisoning where the chelating agent binds metal ions to form complex ring-like structures called "chelates" to enhance their elimination from the body. Metal chelators have some drawbacks such as redistribution of some heavy metals from other tissues to the brain thereby increasing its neurotoxicity, causing loss of essential metals such as copper and zinc as well as some serious adverse effects, e.g., hepatotoxicity. The use of natural antidotes, which are easily available, affordable, and with little or no side effects compared to the classic metal chelators, is the focus of this review and suggested as cheaper options for developing nations in the treatment of heavy metal poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Nwadiuto Amadi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Samuel James Offor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Chiara Frazzoli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Ageing, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italian National Institute of Health), Rome, Italy
| | - Orish Ebere Orisakwe
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
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Lauberte L, Fabre G, Ponomarenko J, Dizhbite T, Evtuguin DV, Telysheva G, Trouillas P. Lignin Modification Supported by DFT-Based Theoretical Study as a Way to Produce Competitive Natural Antioxidants. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091794. [PMID: 31075868 PMCID: PMC6539611 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The valorization of lignins as renewable aromatic feedstock is of utmost importance in terms of the use of sustainable resources. This study provides a deductive approach towards market-oriented lignin-derived antioxidants by ascertaining the direct effect of different structural features of lignin on the reactivity of its phenolic OH groups in the radical scavenging reactions. The antioxidant activity of a series of compounds, modeling lignin structural units, was experimentally characterized and rationalized, using thermodynamic descriptors. The calculated O–H bond dissociation enthalpies (BDE) of characteristic lignin subunits were used to predict the modification pathways of technical lignins. The last ones were isolated by soda delignification from different biomass sources and their oligomeric fractions were studied as a raw material for modification and production of optimized antioxidants. These were characterized in terms of chemical structure, molecular weight distribution, content of the functional groups, and the antioxidant activity. The developed approach for the targeted modification of lignins allowed the products competitive with two commercial synthetic phenolic antioxidants in both free radical scavenging and stabilization of thermooxidative destruction of polyurethane films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liga Lauberte
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Str. 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Gabin Fabre
- INSERM UMR 1248, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | | | - Tatiana Dizhbite
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Str. 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Dmitry V Evtuguin
- CICECO/University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Galina Telysheva
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Str. 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Patrick Trouillas
- INSERM UMR 1248, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, tř. 17 listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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de Santana FB, Borges Neto W, Poppi RJ. Random forest as one-class classifier and infrared spectroscopy for food adulteration detection. Food Chem 2019; 293:323-332. [PMID: 31151619 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes the use of random forest for adulteration detection purposes, combining the random forest algorithm with the artificial generation of outliers from the authentic samples. This proposal was applied in two food adulteration studies: evening primrose oils using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and ground nutmeg using NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The primrose oil was adulterated with soybean, corn and sunflower oils, and the model was validated using these adulterated oils and other different oils, such as rosehip and andiroba, in pure and adulterated forms. The ground nutmeg was adulterated with cumin, commercial monosodium glutamate, soil, roasted coffee husks and wood sawdust. For the primrose oil, the proposed method presented superior performance than PLS-DA and similar performance to SIMCA and for the ground nutmeg, the random forest was superior to PLS-DA and SIMCA. Also, in both applications using the random forest, no sample was excluded from the external validation set.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronei J Poppi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, 13084-971 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Dkhil MA, Abdel Moneim AE, Hafez TA, Mubaraki MA, Mohamed WF, Thagfan FA, Al-Quraishy S. Myristica fragrans Kernels Prevent Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity by Inducing Anti-Apoptotic Genes and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E993. [PMID: 30823534 PMCID: PMC6412641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol is responsible for acute liver failure in humans and experimental animals when taken at high doses and transformed into a reactive metabolite by the liver cytochrome P450. On the other hand, nutmeg is rich with many phytochemical ingredients that are known for their ability to inhibit cytochrome P450. Hence, the present experiment was aimed at studying the hepatoprotective effect of Myristica fragrans (nutmeg), kernel extract (MFKE) in respect to paracetamol (acetaminophen; N-acetyl-p-amino-phenol (APAP))-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, focusing on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. Liver toxicity was induced in rats by a single oral administration of APAP (2 g/kg). To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of MFKE against this APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, rats were pre-treated with either oral administration of MFKE at 300 mg/kg daily for seven days or silymarin at 50 mg/kg as a standard hepatoprotective agent. APAP intoxication caused a drastic elevation in liver function markers (transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin), oxidative stress indicators (lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide), inflammatory biomarkers (tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nuclear factor ĸB) and the pro-apoptotic BCL2 Associated X (Bax) and caspases-3 genes. Furthermore, analyses of rat liver tissue revealed that APAP significantly depleted glutathione and inhibited the activities of antioxidant enzymes in addition to downregulating two key anti-apoptotic genes: Cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Pre-treatment with MFKE, however, attenuated APAP-induced liver toxicity by reversing all of these toxicity biomarkers. This hepatoprotective effect of MFKE was further confirmed by improvement in histopathological findings. Interestingly, the hepatoprotective effect of MFKE was comparable to that offered by the reference hepatoprotector, silymarin. In conclusion, our results revealed that MFKE had antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, and it is suggested that this hepatoprotective effect could be linked to its ability to promote the nuclear factor erythroid 2⁻related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant responsive element (ARE) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Dkhil
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt.
| | - Taghreed A Hafez
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Murad A Mubaraki
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Walid F Mohamed
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11341, Egypt.
| | - Felwa A Thagfan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Zeghib A, Kabouche A, Laggoune S, Calliste CA, Simon A, Bressolier P, Aouni M, Duroux JL, Kabouche Z. Antibacterial, Antiviral, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Thymus guyonii Essential Oil. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701201032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aerial parts of Thymus guyonii were hydrodistilled in a Clevenger type apparatus and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. 26 components were identified representing 99.8%, with carvacrol (55.6%), thymol (21.2%), o-cymene (9.7%) and δ-terpinene (5.7%) as the major components. T. guyonii essential oil exhibited a good bactericidal effect (MBC/MIC ratio = 2) against all the tested pathogenic bacteria. The essential oil lacks antiviral activity towards coxsackievirus B3 however it showed a good DPPH radical scavenging at 0.5 and 5 mg/mL test-concentrations (15.5±1.2% and 44.3±1.95%, respectively). The essential oil exhibited a proliferation inhibition of Human colorectal cell line HT-29 (30.4±3.4%) at 50 μg/mL test-concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Zeghib
- Université des frères Mentouri-Constantine, Département de chimie, Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Kabouche
- Université des frères Mentouri-Constantine, Département de chimie, Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Souheila Laggoune
- Université des frères Mentouri-Constantine, Département de chimie, Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Claude-Alain Calliste
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, EA 1069 LCSN, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, Institut GEIST, 2 Rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Alain Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Minérale, EA 1069 LCSN, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, Institut GEIST, 2 Rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Bressolier
- UIT du Limousin, Département Génie Biologique - Allée André Mourois 87065 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Mahjoub Aouni
- Laboratoire des maladies transmissibles et substances biologiquement actives, Faculté de Pharmacie, Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jean-Luc Duroux
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, EA 1069 LCSN, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, Institut GEIST, 2 Rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Zahia Kabouche
- Université des frères Mentouri-Constantine, Département de chimie, Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), 25000 Constantine, Algeria
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Abourashed EA, El-Alfy AT. Chemical diversity and pharmacological significance of the secondary metabolites of nutmeg ( Myristica fragrans Houtt.). PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2016; 15:1035-1056. [PMID: 28082856 PMCID: PMC5222521 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-016-9469-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nutmeg is a valued kitchen spice that has been used for centuries all over the world. In addition to its use in flavoring foods and beverages, nutmeg has been used in traditional remedies for stomach and kidney disorders. The antioxidant, antimicrobial and central nervous system effects of nutmeg have also been reported in literature. Nutmeg is a rich source of fixed and essential oil, triterpenes, and various types of phenolic compounds. Many of the secondary metabolites of nutmeg exhibit biological activities that may support its use in traditional medicine. This article provides an overview of the chemistry of secondary metabolites isolated from nutmeg kernel and mace including common methods for analysis of extracts and pure compounds as well as recent approaches towards total synthesis of some of the major constituents. A summary of the most significant pharmacological investigations of potential drug leads isolated from nutmeg and reported in the last decade is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A. Abourashed
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 773-821-2159; Fax: 773-821-2595;
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11
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Othman MA, Sivasothy Y, Looi CY, Ablat A, Mohamad J, Litaudon M, Awang K. Acylphenols and dimeric acylphenols from Myristica maxima Warb. Fitoterapia 2016; 111:12-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Lin L, Zhang X, Zhao C, Cui H. Liposome containing nutmeg oil as the targeted preservative against Listeria monocytogenes in dumplings. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22098j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the antibacterial activities of nutmeg oil and nutmeg oil encapsulated in liposome were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- School of Food & Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Xuejing Zhang
- School of Food & Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Chengting Zhao
- School of Food & Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Haiying Cui
- School of Food & Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
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Zhang CR, Jayashree E, Kumar PS, Nair MG. Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Compounds in Nutmeg (Myristica Fragrans) Pericarp as Determined by in vitro Assays. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutmeg, Myristica fragrans, is known for its culinary and medicinal values. The nutmeg pericarp, abundant during the production of the seed, is also used in food and beverage preparations. In this study, the pericarp of M. fragrans was evaluated for its bioactive components using in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assays. The hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts inhibited lipid peroxidation (LPO) by 82.5, 70.1 and 73.2%, and cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 by 44, 44 and 42% and COX-2 by 47, 41 and 36%, respectively, at 100 μg/mL. The bioassay-guided purifications of extracts yielded 20 compounds belonged to neolignans (0.13%), phenylpropanoids (0.28%), phenolic aldehyde (0.35%), triterpenoids (0.06%), triglycerides (0.20%), sugars (10.2%) and steroids (0.49%). Pure isolates 1–5 inhibited LPO by 70–99% and 3–12 inhibited COX-1 and -2 enzymes by 37–49%. This is the first report on the bioassay-guided characterization of constituents in nutmeg pericarp. Our results support the medicinal claims of nutmeg pericarp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Rui Zhang
- Bioactive Natural Products and Phytoceuticals Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ettannil Jayashree
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, Kerala, 673012, India
| | | | - Muraleedharan G. Nair
- Bioactive Natural Products and Phytoceuticals Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, 48824, USA
- College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, Chair of Date Palm Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Antihelmintic effects of nutmeg (Myristica fragans) on Anisakis simplex L3 larvae obtained from Micromesistius potassou. Res Vet Sci 2015; 100:148-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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15
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Abstract
The normal biochemical reactions in our body, increased exposure to the environment, and higher levels of dietary xenobiotic's result in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dilipkumar Pal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University)
- Bilaspur
- India
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16
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Theoretical study of anticancer properties of indolyl-oxazole drugs and their interactions with DNA base pairs in gas phase and solvent. Struct Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-014-0546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Kwon HS, Cho SJ, Ha TJ, Harikishore A, Yoon HS, Park KH, Kim IS, Jang DS. Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Effects of Dibenzylbutane Lignans from the Seeds of Myristica fragrans (Nutmeg). B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.10.3095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Ponomarenko J, Trouillas P, Martin N, Dizhbite T, Krasilnikova J, Telysheva G. Elucidation of antioxidant properties of wood bark derived saturated diarylheptanoids: a comprehensive (DFT-supported) understanding. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 103:178-187. [PMID: 24703933 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of diarylheptanoids, namely 1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-heptan-3-one-5-O-D-xylopyranoside (oregonin), 1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxyheptane-5-O-β-D-xylopyranoside and 1,7-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-heptane-3-one-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (platyphylloside), were isolated from the bark of alder family trees, a species widely spread over in Europe. As antioxidants, these natural polyphenols have a promising potential in various fields of application, but their redox reactivity is insufficiently characterized. In this work, their antioxidant activity is described using assays based on DPPH and ABTS(+) radical scavenging, oxygen anion radicals (O2(-)) quenching. The standardized ORAC assay was also achieved, which measures the capacity to protect fluorescent molecules against oxidative degradation. The measured antioxidant activity was higher than that of the well-known antioxidant and biologically active diarylheptanoid curcumin. Molecular modeling was used to rationalize the differences in activity and the mechanisms of action. Thermodynamic descriptors mainly O-H bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) establish a clear structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jevgenija Ponomarenko
- University of Latvia, Faculty of Chemistry, K. Valdemara Str. 48, LV-1013, Riga, Latvia; Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Str. 27, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Patrick Trouillas
- Inserm UMR-S850, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, Limoges, France; Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium; Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Nicolas Martin
- Inserm UMR-S850, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, Limoges, France
| | - Tatyana Dizhbite
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Str. 27, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Galina Telysheva
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Str. 27, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
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19
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FARMANZADEH DAVOOD, NAJAFI MEYSAM. ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF AMINOTHIAZOL HYDROXYCOUMARIN DERIVATIVES. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633613500582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the antioxidant properties of the series of 10 aminothiazol hydroxyl coumarin derivatives have been investigated with DFT/B3LYP method. For these antioxidants all reaction enthalpies related to HAT, SPLET, SET-PT mechanisms were calculated in the gas phase and polar solvents. Based on calculated reaction enthalpies (BDE, IP and PA values) the derivations 2, 3 and 4 have the highest antioxidant activity among the studied compounds. Calculated results show that derivations 7, 5 and 6 have the lowest antioxidant activity. The observed theoretical trends for antioxidant activities of studied compounds were similar to trends of previous experimental studies that OH50, TAC50, IC50, CE50 values have been used as a benchmark for measuring the antioxidant properties of these compounds. These results can be useful in synthesis of novel aminothiazol hydroxycoumarin derivatives with high antioxidant activity. Calculated results show that BDE, PA and IP values of studied derivations have linear dependence with structure parameters such as R( O – H ), q( O ) and E HOMO . These observed linear dependences can be useful in synthesis of novel aminothiazol hydroxyl coumarin derivatives with high antioxidant activity. For studied compounds, results indicated that the SPLET and HAT mechanisms represent the thermodynamically preferred mechanism both, in solvent and the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- DAVOOD FARMANZADEH
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar 47416-95447, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - MEYSAM NAJAFI
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar 47416-95447, Islamic Republic of Iran
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20
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Podloucká P, Berka K, Fabre G, Paloncýová M, Duroux JL, Otyepka M, Trouillas P. Lipid bilayer membrane affinity rationalizes inhibition of lipid peroxidation by a natural lignan antioxidant. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:5043-9. [PMID: 23560800 DOI: 10.1021/jp3127829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation is a degenerative oxidative process that modifies the structure of membranes, influencing their biological functions. Lignans, natural polyphenolic antioxidants widely distributed in plants, can prevent this membrane damage by free-radical scavenging. Here, we rationalize the difference in lipid peroxidation inhibition activity of argenteane, a natural dilignan isolated from wild nutmeg, and 3,3'-dimethoxy-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diol, which represents the central part of argenteane responsible for its antioxidant activity. Although both compounds have the same capacity to scavenge free radicals, argenteane is a more active inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. We show that both compounds penetrate into DOPC and PLPC lipid bilayers and adopt similar positions and orientations, which therefore does not explain the difference in their lipid peroxidation inhibition activity. However, free energy profiles indicate that argenteane has a significantly higher affinity to the lipid bilayer, and thus a higher effective concentration to scavenge radicals formed during lipid peroxidation. This finding explains the higher activity of argenteane to inhibit lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Podloucká
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, tř. 17 listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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21
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Chen S, Tsutsumi T, Takatsuki S, Matsuda R, Kameya H, Nakajima M, Furuta M, Todoriki S. Identification of 2-alkylcyclobutanones in nutmeg (Myristica fragrans). Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Akinboro A, Mohamed KB, Asmawi MZ, Sulaiman SF, Sofiman OA. Antioxidants in aqueous extract of Myristica fragrans (Houtt.) suppress mitosis and cyclophosphamide-induced chromosomal aberrations in Allium cepa L. cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2012; 12:915-22. [PMID: 22042656 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, freeze-dried water extract from the leaves of Myristica fragrans (Houtt.) was tested for mutagenic and antimutagenic potentials using the Allium cepa assay. Freeze-dried water extract alone and its combination with cyclophosphamide (CP) (50 mg/kg) were separately dissolved in tap water at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/kg. Onions (A. cepa) were suspended in the solutions and controls for 48 h in the dark. Root tips were prepared for microscopic evaluation. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals' scavenging power of the extract was tested using butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as standards. Water extract of Myristica fragrans scavenged free radicals better than BHA, but worse than BHT. The extract alone, as well as in combination with CP suppressed cell division, and induced chromosomal aberrations that were insignificantly different from the negative control (P ≤ 0.05). However, cytotoxic and mutagenic actions of CP were considerably suppressed. The observed effects on cell division and chromosomes of A. cepa may be principally connected to the antioxidant properties of the extract. The obtained results suggest mitodepressive and antimutagenic potentials of water extract of the leaves of M. fragrans as desirable properties of a promising anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akeem Akinboro
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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23
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Brinkevich SD, Ostrovskaya NI, Parkhach ME, Samovich SN, Shadyro OI. Effects of curcumin and related compounds on processes involving α-hydroxyethyl radicals. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:295-302. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.653966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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24
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Akinboro A, Mohamed KB, Asmawi MZ, Othman AS, Ying TH, Maidin SM. Mutagenic and antimutagenic assessment of methanol leaf extract ofMyristica fragrans(Houtt.) usingin vitroandin vivogenetic assays. Drug Chem Toxicol 2011; 35:412-22. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2011.638300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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25
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Brewer M. Natural Antioxidants: Sources, Compounds, Mechanisms of Action, and Potential Applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2011.00156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1003] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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26
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Patil SB, Ghadyale VA, Taklikar SS, Kulkarni CR, Arvindekar AU. Insulin secretagogue, alpha-glucosidase and antioxidant activity of some selected spices in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 66:85-90. [PMID: 21437656 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-011-0215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Spices are extensively used to enhance the taste and flavor of foods and are known to possess several medicinal properties. Myristica fragrans, Parmelia perlata, Illicium verum, Trachyspermum copticum and Myristica malabarica, the commonly used spices in India were assessed for antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. In the in vitro insulin secretion studies on isolated islets of Langerhans, M. fragrans, T. copticum and M. malabarica showed dose dependent insulin secretion. At 1 mg/ml, P. perlata showed significant in vitro alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC(50) value of 0.14 mg/ml followed by M. malabarica (0.64 mg/ml), I. verum (0.67 mg/ml), M. fragrans (0.85 mg/ml) and T. copticum (0.92 mg/ml). The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the extracts at a concentration of 1 mg/ml was as M. malabarica (90.45%), M. fragrans (89.89%), I. verum (87.22%), P. perlata (76.70%) and T. copticum (38.14%). P. perlata showed the highest phenolic content (i.e., 118.5 mg gallic acid equivalents/g) followed by M. malabarica (84.13 mg gallic acid equivalents/g). M. malabarica showed the highest flavonoid content (i.e., 38.35 mg quercetin equivalents/g). Regular use of these spices may prevent postprandial rise in glucose levels through inhibition of intestinal alpha-glucosidase and may maintain blood glucose level through insulin secretagogue action.
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27
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Anouar E, Calliste CA, Košinová P, Di Meo F, Duroux JL, Champavier Y, Marakchi K, Trouillas P. Free Radical Scavenging Properties of Guaiacol Oligomers: A Combined Experimental and Quantum Study of the Guaiacyl-Moiety Role. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:13881-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jp906285b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Anouar
- Université de Limoges, EA 4021, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France, Université Mohammed V, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Faculté des Sciences, B.P 1014 Rabat, Morocco, and Service commun de RMN, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - C. A. Calliste
- Université de Limoges, EA 4021, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France, Université Mohammed V, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Faculté des Sciences, B.P 1014 Rabat, Morocco, and Service commun de RMN, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - P. Košinová
- Université de Limoges, EA 4021, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France, Université Mohammed V, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Faculté des Sciences, B.P 1014 Rabat, Morocco, and Service commun de RMN, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - F. Di Meo
- Université de Limoges, EA 4021, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France, Université Mohammed V, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Faculté des Sciences, B.P 1014 Rabat, Morocco, and Service commun de RMN, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - J. L. Duroux
- Université de Limoges, EA 4021, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France, Université Mohammed V, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Faculté des Sciences, B.P 1014 Rabat, Morocco, and Service commun de RMN, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - Y. Champavier
- Université de Limoges, EA 4021, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France, Université Mohammed V, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Faculté des Sciences, B.P 1014 Rabat, Morocco, and Service commun de RMN, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - K. Marakchi
- Université de Limoges, EA 4021, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France, Université Mohammed V, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Faculté des Sciences, B.P 1014 Rabat, Morocco, and Service commun de RMN, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - P. Trouillas
- Université de Limoges, EA 4021, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France, Université Mohammed V, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Faculté des Sciences, B.P 1014 Rabat, Morocco, and Service commun de RMN, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
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