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Li Y, Zhao W, Qian M, Wen Z, Bai W, Zeng X, Wang H, Xian Y, Dong H. Recent advances in the authentication (geographical origins, varieties and aging time) of tangerine peel (Citri reticulatae pericarpium): A review. Food Chem 2024; 442:138531. [PMID: 38271910 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The consumption of tangerine peel (Citri reticulatae pericarpium, CRP) has been steadily increasing worldwide due to its proven health benefits and sensory characteristics. However, the price of CRP varies widely based on its origin, variety, and aging time, which has led many manufacturers to offer inferior products by exploiting the sensory similarity of CRP, seriously undermining consumers' interests. Therefore, it is essential to identify the authenticity of the CRP. In this study, the research progress on the authenticity of CRP from different origins, years and varieties over the past 10 years and the application and prospects of the main technologies and techniques were reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used methods were also summarized and compared. Mass spectrometry-based and spectroscopy-based techniques are the most commonly used methods for analyzing CRP authenticity. However, designing fast, non-destructive and green methods for identifying CRP authenticity would be the future trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Wenhong Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Min Qian
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China.
| | - Zhiyi Wen
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Weidong Bai
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xiaofang Zeng
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yanping Xian
- Research Center of Risk Dynamic Detection and Early Warning for Food Safety of Guangzhou City, Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China.
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Yin CY, Lian YP, Xu JD, Liu CM, Cai JL, Zhu L, Wang DJ, Luo LB, Yan XJ. Study on network pharmacology of Ginkgo biloba extract against ischaemic stroke mechanism and establishment of UPLC-MS/MS methods for simultaneous determination of 19 main active components. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:254-270. [PMID: 37758241 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is an effective substance from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) G. biloba for treating ischaemic stroke (IS). However, its active ingredients and mechanism of action remain unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to reveal the potential active component group and possible anti-IS mechanism of GBE. MATERIALS AND METHODS The network pharmacology method was used to reveal the possible anti-IS mechanism of these active ingredients in GBE. An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established for the simultaneous detection of the active ingredients of GBE. RESULTS The active components of GBE anti-IS were screened by literature integration. Network pharmacology results showed that the anti-IS effect of GBE is achieved through key active components such as protocatechuic acid, bilobalide, ginkgolide A, and so on. Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the possible anti-IS mechanism of GBE is regulating the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway and other signal pathways closely related to inflammatory response and apoptosis regulation combined with AKT1, MAPK, TNF, ALB, CASP3, and other protein targets. Nineteen main constituents in seven batches of GBE were successfully analysed using the established UPLC-MS/MS method, and the results showed that the content of protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, ginkgolide A, and so forth was relatively high, which was consistent with network pharmacology results, indicating that these ingredients may be the key active anti-IS ingredients of GBE. CONCLUSION This study revealed the key active components and the anti-IS mechanism of GBE. It also provided a simple and sensitive method for the quality control of related preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Yin
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Human Use Experience Research & Transformation of Menghe Medical School, Changzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Pei Lian
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Human Use Experience Research & Transformation of Menghe Medical School, Changzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Jian-Da Xu
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Human Use Experience Research & Transformation of Menghe Medical School, Changzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Chan-Ming Liu
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Human Use Experience Research & Transformation of Menghe Medical School, Changzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Jia-Li Cai
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Human Use Experience Research & Transformation of Menghe Medical School, Changzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Human Use Experience Research & Transformation of Menghe Medical School, Changzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Di-Jun Wang
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Human Use Experience Research & Transformation of Menghe Medical School, Changzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Li-Bo Luo
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Human Use Experience Research & Transformation of Menghe Medical School, Changzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yan
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Human Use Experience Research & Transformation of Menghe Medical School, Changzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
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Cao M, Wang Z, Wang Y, Jing H, Meng Y, Geng Y, Li XM, Miao M. Reduction of Th2 inflammation and fibrosis in eosinophilic esophagitis in a murine model by citri reticulatae pericarpium. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116767. [PMID: 37331453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Inflammation and subepithelial fibrosis play major roles in the early pathology of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). However, there are currently no pharmacotherapeutic interventions that directly target eosinophilic esophagitis. Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP, known as Chen-Pi) is one of most frequently used qi-regulating drugs in Chinese medicine and nutrition. CRP is rich with flavonones and polymethoxy flavones, both of which exhibit superior anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anti-fibrosis effects. This study is to investigate intervention effect of CRP on EoE, to identify its active compounds and to explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS The CRP extract was obtained by liquid-liquid extraction with 70% ethanol, and its main components were identified by HPLC and TLC chromatography as hesperidin, nobiletin, tangeretin, and narirutin in turn. Furthermore, we evaluated its effect and underlying mechanisms in an PN (Peanut protein extract)-sensitized murine model of food allergy induced EoE. RESULTS CRP treatment attenuated EoE model mice symptomatology, blocked hypothermia, reduced the production of PN-specific IgE and IgG1 and TH2 cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5), and increased the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-γ. CRP treatment also significantly alleviated the pathological damage and reduced fibrosis in inflamed tissues like esophagus, lung, and intestine. These results were strongly associated with reducing the expression of p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) and p-Smad 3 proteins. CONCLUSION CRP extract markedly inhibited TH2 immune response and attenuated subepithelial fibrosis with a dose-dependent manner through down-regulating MAPK/TGF-β signaling pathway. It is suggested that CRP extract might serve as a potential therapy for food allergy-induced EoE like disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhuo Cao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeqian Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450058, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450058, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450058, People's Republic of China
| | - Heyun Jing
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijia Meng
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450058, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Geng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450058, People's Republic of China.
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Li X, Chen S, Zeng J, Cai R, Liang Y, Chen C, Chen B, Li C. Database-aided UHPLC-Q-orbitrap MS/MS strategy putatively identifies 52 compounds from Wushicha Granule to propose anti-counterfeiting quality-markers for pharmacopoeia. Chin Med 2023; 18:116. [PMID: 37689743 PMCID: PMC10492348 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Wushicha Granule, an over-the-counter-drug (OTC) prescription, consists of 19 traditional Chinese herbals medicines (CHMs), such as Chaihu, Hongcha, Chuanxiong, Houpo, and Gancao. The five however have not been effectively characterized by the quality-markers (Q-markers) system in current Pharmacopoeia. The study therefore established a novel database-aided ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-orbitrap MS/MS) strategy. The strategy has putatively identified 52 compounds from Wushicha Granule, mainly including flavonoids, saponins, alkaloid, lignins, and lactones. Especially, saponin "glycyrrhetinic acid" in the Granule was specifically identified as 18β-configuration (rather than 18α-configuration). Meanwhile, two pairs of isomers were fully discriminated, including vitexin vs isovitexin and daidzein vs 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone. 8β-Glycyrrhetinic acid, together with saponin saikosaponin A, alkaloid caffeine, lactone S-senkyunolide A, and lignin magnolol, were further studied using quantum chemical calculation, UV-vis spectra, and anti-counterfeiting validation experiment. In the validation experiment, they have successfully recognized 6 counterfeit Wushicha Granules, by means of a LC-MS equipped extraction software. Based on these results, 8β-glycyrrhetinic acid is recommended to replace the old Q-marker "glycyrrhetinic acid"; while saikosaponin A, caffeine, S-senkyunolide A, and magnolol are recommended as new Q-markers. These recommendations can not only recognize the counterfeits regarding Chaihu, Hongcha, Chuanxiong, Houpo, and Gancao, but also prevent the possible safety-incident. All these will greatly improve the efficiency and specificity of current Pharmacopoeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xican Li
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shaoman Chen
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingyuan Zeng
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rongxin Cai
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yilan Liang
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chuanbin Chen
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ban Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Chunhou Li
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Wang Q, Qiu Z, Chen Y, Song Y, Zhou A, Cao Y, Xiao J, Xiao H, Song M. Review of recent advances on health benefits, microbial transformations, and authenticity identification of Citri reticulatae Pericarpium bioactive compounds. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-29. [PMID: 37326362 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2222834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The extensive health-promoting effects of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) have attracted researchers' interest. The difference in storage time, varieties and origin of CRP are closely related to the content of bioactive compounds they contain. The consitituent transformation mediated by environmental microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) and the production of new bioactive components during the storage process may be the main reason for 'the older, the better' of CRP. In addition, the gap in price between different varieties can be as large as 8 times, while the difference due to age can even reach 20 times, making the 'marketing young-CRP as old-CRP and counterfeiting origin' flood the entire market, seriously harming consumers' interests. However, so far, the research on CRP is relatively decentralized. In particular, a summary of the microbial transformation and authenticity identification of CRP has not been reported. Therefore, this review systematically summarized the recent advances on the main bioactive compounds, the major biological activities, the microbial transformation process, the structure, and content changes of the active substances during the transformation process, and authenticity identification of CRP. Furthermore, challenges and perspectives concerning the future research on CRP were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyuan Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilu Chen
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuqing Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aimei Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mingyue Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Su J, Wang Y, Bai M, Peng T, Li H, Xu HJ, Guo G, Bai H, Rong N, Sahu SK, He H, Liang X, Jin C, Liu W, Strube ML, Gram L, Li Y, Wang E, Liu H, Wu H. Soil conditions and the plant microbiome boost the accumulation of monoterpenes in the fruit of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi'. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:61. [PMID: 36973820 PMCID: PMC10044787 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The medicinal material quality of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' differs depending on the bioactive components influenced by the planting area. Environmental factors, such as soil nutrients, the plant-associated microbiome and climatic conditions, play important roles in the accumulation of bioactive components in citrus. However, how these environmental factors mediate the production of bioactive components of medicinal plants remains understudied. RESULTS Here, a multi-omics approach was used to clarify the role of environmental factors such as soil nutrients and the root-associated microbiome on the accumulation of monoterpenes in the peel of C. reticulata 'Chachi' procured from core (geo-authentic product region) and non-core (non-geo-authentic product region) geographical regions. The soil environment (high salinity, Mg, Mn and K) enhanced the monoterpene content by promoting the expression of salt stress-responsive genes and terpene backbone synthase in the host plants from the core region. The microbial effects on the monoterpene accumulation of citrus from the core region were further verified by synthetic community (SynCom) experiments. Rhizosphere microorganisms activated terpene synthesis and promoted monoterpene accumulation through interactions with the host immune system. Endophyte microorganisms derived from soil with the potential for terpene synthesis might enhance monoterpene accumulation in citrus by providing precursors of monoterpenes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study demonstrated that both soil properties and the soil microbiome impacted monoterpene production in citrus peel, thus providing an essential basis for increasing fruit quality via reasonable fertilization and precision microbiota management. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmu Su
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yayu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mei Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tianhua Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huisi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui-Juan Xu
- Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guifang Guo
- Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Haiyi Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ning Rong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Sunil Kumar Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Hanjun He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiangxiu Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Canzhi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mikael Lenz Strube
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lone Gram
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yongtao Li
- Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Comparative Untargeted Metabolic Profiling of Different Parts of Citrus sinensis Fruits via Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Multivariate Data Analyses to Unravel Authenticity. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030579. [PMID: 36766108 PMCID: PMC9914239 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Differences between seven authentic samples of Citrus sinensis var. Valencia peel (albedo and flavedo) and juices from Spain and Uruguay, in addition to a concentrate obtained from Brazil, were investigated by untargeted metabolic profiling. Sixty-six metabolites were detected by nano-liquid chromatography coupled to a high-resolution electrospray-ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (nLC-ESI-qTOF-MS) belonging to phenolic acids, coumarins, flavonoid glycosides, limonoids, terpenes, and fatty acids. Eleven metabolites were detected for the first time in Citrus sinensis and identified as citroside A, sinapic acid pentoside, apigenin-C-hexosyl-O-pentoside, chrysoeriol-C-hexoside, di-hexosyl-diosmetin, perilloside A, gingerol, ionone epoxide hydroxy-sphingenine, xanthomicrol, and coumaryl alcohol-O-hexoside. Some flavonoids were completely absent from the juice, while present most prominently in the Citrus peel, conveying more industrial and economic prospects to the latter. Multivariate data analyses clarified that the differences among orange parts overweighed the geographical source. PCA analysis of ESI-(-)-mode data revealed for hydroxylinoleic acid abundance in flavedo peel from Uruguay the most distant cluster from all others. The PCA analysis of ESI-(+)-mode data provided a clear segregation of the different Citrus sinensis parts primarily due to the large diversity of flavonoids and coumarins among the studied samples.
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Nie QX, Zhang QX, Zhu YJ, Wu PJ, He YL, Wang JY. Relationship between the UPLC Fingerprints of Citrus reticulata "Chachi" Leaves and Their Antioxidant Activities. Int J Anal Chem 2022; 2022:5834525. [PMID: 36458111 PMCID: PMC9708335 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5834525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Citrus reticulata "Chachi" (CRC) leaves contain abundant flavonoids, indicating that they possess good nutritional/pharmacological research and development potential. This study aims to explore chemical antioxidant quality markers based on the spectrum-effect relationship and quality control strategy of CRC leaves. The ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system was used to establish chromatographic fingerprints of Citrus reticulata "Chachi" leaves. Simultaneously, they were evaluated by using similarity analysis (SA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and principal component analysis (PCA). Afterwards, the DPPH assay was adopted to study the antioxidant effects. The spectrum-effect relationship between UPLC fingerprints and DPPH radical-scavenging activities was studied with grey relational analysis (GRA). Analysis results indicated that there were twenty-one common peaks of fourteen batches of CRC leaves which were from different regions of Guangdong province, and their similarities ranged from 0.648 to 0.997. HCA results showed that fourteen batches of samples of CRC leaves could be divided into six classes at Euclidean distance of 5. The results from GRA showed that tangeretin and hesperidin were the main flavonoids responsible for the antioxidant activity in CRC leaves. In conclusion, this research established a chromatographic analysis method suitable for CRC leaves and demonstrated that chromatographic fingerprints analysis combined with the antioxidant activity could be used to evaluate the material basis of CRC leaves and may provide a reference to establish a quality standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Xin Nie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | | | - Yin-Ji Zhu
- Guangdong Yunfu Vocational College of Chinese Medicine, Yunfu 527499, China
| | - Pei-Jun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ya-Li He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jin-Yu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Provide Insights into the Flavonoid Accumulation in Peels of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi'. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196476. [PMID: 36235014 PMCID: PMC9570620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality of Chinese medicinal materials depends on the content of bioactive components, which are affected by the environmental factors of different planting regions. In this research, integrated analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of C. reticulata ‘Chachi’ was performed in two regions, and three orchards were included in the analysis. In total, only 192 compounds were found in fresh peels, and among 18 differentially accumulated flavonoid metabolites, 15 flavonoids were enriched in peels from the Xinhui planting region. In total, 1228 genes were up-regulated in peels from Xinhui, including the CHS and GST genes, which are involved in the salt stress response. Overall, based on the correlation analysis of flavonoid content and gene expression in peels of C. reticulata ‘Chachi’, we concluded that the authenticity of the GCRP from Xinhui may be closely related to the higher content of naringin and narirutin, and the increase in the content of these may be due to the highly saline environment of the Xinhui region.
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Zou J, Wang J, Ye W, Lu J, Li C, Zhang D, Ye W, Xu S, Chen C, Liu P, Liu Z. Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi): A multi-efficacy pericarp in treating cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113626. [PMID: 36058153 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) has been utilized as a versatile medicinal herb with wide cardiovascular benefits in Asian nations for centuries. Accumulating evidence suggests that CRP and its components are effective in preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and hypertension. Studies show that the two most bioactive components of CRP are flavonoids and volatile oils. The cardiovascular protective effects of CRP have attracted considerable research interest due to its hypolipidemic, antiplatelet activity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Hereby, we provide a rigorous and up-to-date overview of the cardiovascular protective properties and the potential molecular targets of CRP, and finally highlight the pharmacokinetics and the therapeutic potential of the main pharmacologically active components of CRP to treat CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiami Zou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 511436 Guangzhou, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, 525000 Guangdong, China
| | - Weile Ye
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chengzhi Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wencai Ye
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, 525000 Guangdong, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 511436 Guangzhou, China.
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Eldin DN, Fahim HI, Ahmed HY, Abdelgawad MA, Abourehab MAS, Ahmed OM. Preventive Effects of Mandarin Fruit Peel Hydroethanolic Extract, Hesperidin, and Quercetin on Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatonephrotoxicity in Wistar Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7065845. [PMID: 36092164 PMCID: PMC9463012 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7065845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen, also known as N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (NAPAP), is a traditional antipyretic and analgesic that is used extensively around the world to treat colds and fevers. However, a NAPAP excess causes rapid, severe liver and kidney damage. The goal of the study was to examine the protective effects and determine the mechanisms of action of MPHE, hesperidin, and quercetin in NAPAP-induced hepatorenal damage in Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats received a 0.5 g/kg oral supplement of NAPAP every other day for a period of four weeks. During the same period of NAPAP supplementation, MPHE (50 mg/kg), quercetin (20 mg/kg), and hesperidin (20 mg/kg) were administered to rats receiving NAPAP. MPHE, quercetin, and hesperidin treatments significantly improved liver function in NAPAP-supplemented rats. The high serum levels of aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and γ-glutamyl transferase as well as total bilirubin were significantly reduced, while the levels of suppressed serum albumin were significantly increased, demonstrating this improvement. Treatments utilizing these natural substances significantly enhanced kidney function as seen by a considerable decline in the increased blood levels of urea, uric acid, and creatinine. Additionally, the injection of MPHE, hesperidin, and quercetin resulted in a decrease in the quantity of lipid peroxides while increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase in the liver and kidneys. The treatments markedly abated the NAPAP-induced liver and kidney histological perturbations and reduced the NAPAP-induced serum tumor necrosis factor-α level and liver and kidney proapoptotic protein 53 and caspase 3 expressions. Otherwise, serum interleukin-4 level significantly increased by treatments. The MPHE, hesperidin, and quercetin treatments resulted in marked decrease in liver and kidney histopathological scores including inflammation, necrosis, apoptosis, and congestion. In conclusion, the MPHE, quercetin, and hesperidin may induce hepatonephropreventive impacts in NAPAP-supplemented rats via enhancing the antioxidant defense system, anti-inflammatory activity, and antiapoptotic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Nor Eldin
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hanaa I. Fahim
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Heba Y. Ahmed
- Rodents Division, Department of Harmful Animals, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minya 61519, Egypt
| | - Osama M. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Yu X, Chen X, Li Y, Li L. Effect of Drying Methods on Volatile Compounds of Citrus reticulata Ponkan and Chachi Peels as Characterized by GC-MS and GC-IMS. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172662. [PMID: 36076849 PMCID: PMC9455753 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To reflect the volatile differences of dried citrus peel as affected by cultivars and drying methods, the volatile compounds of dried citrus peel of two cultivars (Citrus reticulata "Chachi" and Citrus reticulata "Ponkan"), prepared under three drying methods (sun-drying (SD), hot-air-drying (AD), and freeze-drying (FD)), were analyzed by GC-MS, odor activity values (OAVs), and GC-IMS. GC-MS data indicated that SD was favorable to preserve terpenic alcohols (linalool, α-terpineol and terpinene-4-ol), β-cymene, methyl methanthranilate, and monoterpenes; while AD was favorable to preserve aliphatic aldehydes and sesquiterpenes; and SD was more similar with AD in GC-MS analysis of volatile profile (of higher MW) for both cultivars from the PCA outcome. Furthermore, significant difference in volatile isomeric composition of different samples was also clearly demonstrated through extracted ion chromatogram (EIC) by GC-MS analysis. GC-IMS analysis showed the favorability of FD to preserve ketones, phenols, esters, and aromatic aldehydes; and SD was more similar with FD in GC-IMS analysis of volatile profile (of smaller MW) for both cultivars from the PCA outcome. Moreover, the OAVs indicate that 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol contributed much to the flavor of dried Ponkan peel, while 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, methyl methanthranilate, and methyl anthranilate played an important role in the flavor of dried Chachi peel; and the highest OAVs for monoterpenes were observed at SD for both cultivars. Thus, the combination of GC-MS and GC-IMS analyses with PCA in this paper suggested the superiority of SD to preserve volatiles and characteristic aroma in dried citrus peel, and that SD contributed much to the quality of dried Chachi peel.
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Zhang J, Zhang L, Lai C, Liang Y, Gao L, Kaliaperumal K, Jiang Y. Nutraceutical potential of navel orange peel in diabetes management: The chemical profile, antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory and antiglycation effects of its flavonoids. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Csuti A, Sik B, Ajtony Z. Measurement of Naringin from Citrus Fruits by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography - a Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:473-486. [PMID: 35658668 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2082241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Naringin is a flavonoid found primarily in citrus species with especially high concentrations being present in grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), bitter orange (Citrus aurantium), and pomelo (Citrus grandis). Because of its many positive effects on human health, naringin has been the focus of increasing attention in recent years. Recently, conventional extraction methods have been commonly replaced with unconventional methods, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and other, more eco-friendly extraction methods requiring little-to-no environmentally harmful solvents or significantly less energy. Naringin analysis is most commonly done via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with a mass spectrometer (MS) or a photodiode array (DAD) detector. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent trends developments in the extraction, sample preparation, and liquid chromatographic analysis of the compound originating from citrus fruits or their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Csuti
- Department of Food Science, Széchenyi István University, 15 Lucsony Str, Mosonmagyaróvár, 9200, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Sik
- Department of Food Science, Széchenyi István University, 15 Lucsony Str, Mosonmagyaróvár, 9200, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Ajtony
- Department of Food Science, Széchenyi István University, 15 Lucsony Str, Mosonmagyaróvár, 9200, Hungary
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15
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Pan S, Zhang X, Xu W, Yin J, Gu H, Yu X. Rapid On-site identification of geographical origin and storage age of tangerine peel by Near-infrared spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 271:120936. [PMID: 35121470 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.120936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of identifying geographical origin and storage age of tangerine peel was explored by using a handheld near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer combined with machine learning. A handheld NIR spectrometer (900-1700 nm) was used to scan the outer surface of tangerine peel and collect the corresponding NIR diffuse reflectance spectra. Principal component analysis (PCA) combined with Mahalanobis distance were used to detect outliers. The accuracies of all models in the anomaly set were much lower than that in calibration set and test set, indicating that the outliers were effectively identified. After removing the outliers, in order to initially explore the clustering characteristics of tangerine peels, PCA was performed on tangerine peels from different origins and the same origin with different storage ages. The results showed that the tangerine peels from the same origin or the same storage age had the potential to cluster, indicating that the spectral data of the same origin or the same storage age had a certain similarity, which laid the foundation for subsequent modeling and identification. However, there were quite a few samples with different origins or different storage ages overlapped and could not be distinguished from each other. In order to achieve qualitative identification of origin and storage age, Savitzky-Golay convolution smoothing with first derivative (SGFD) and standard normal variate (SNV) were used to preprocess the raw spectra. Random forest (RF), K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to establish the discriminant model. The results showed that SGFD-LDA could accurately distinguish the origin and storage age of tangerine peel at the same time. The origin identification accuracy was 96.99%. The storage age identification accuracy was 100% for Guangdong tangerine peel and 97.15% for Sichuan tangerine peel. This indicated that the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combine with machine learning can simultaneously and rapidly identify the origin and storage age of tangerine peel on site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Pan
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wanbang Xu
- Guangdong Institute for Drug Control, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Jianwei Yin
- Guangzhou guangxin Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Hongyu Gu
- Hong Kong International Food Technology and Innovation Limited, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Liang S, Wen Z, Tang T, Liu Y, Dang F, Xie T, Wu H. Study on flavonoid and bioactivity features of the pericarp of Citri Reticulatae ‘chachi' during storage. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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17
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Seo CS, Shin HK. Simultaneous Analysis for Quality Control of Traditional Herbal Medicine, Gungha-Tang, Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041223. [PMID: 35209013 PMCID: PMC8877009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gungha-tang (GHT), a traditional herbal medicine, consists of nine medicinal herbs (Cnidii Rhizoma, Pinelliae Tuber, Poria Sclerotium, Citri Unshius Pericarpium, Citri Unshius Pericarpium Immaturus, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, Atracylodis Rhizoma Alba, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens). It has been used for various diseases caused by phlegm. This study aimed to develop and verify the simultaneous liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis method, using nine marker components (liquiritin apioside, neoeriocitrin, narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, liquiritigenin, glycyrrhizin, and 6-shogaol) for quality control of GHT. LC–MS/MS analysis was conducted using a Waters TQ-XS system. All marker analytes were separated on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) using gradient elution with a distilled water solution (containing 5 mM ammonium formate and 0.1% [v/v] formic acid)–acetonitrile mobile phase. LC–MS/MS multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis was carried out in negative and positive ion modes of an electrospray ionization source. The developed LC–MS/MS MRM method was validated by examining the linearity, limits of detection and quantification, recovery, and precision. LOD and LOQ values of nine markers were calculated as 0.02–8.33 ng/mL and 0.05–25.00 ng/mL. The recovery was determined to be 89.00–118.08% and precision was assessed with a coefficient of variation value of 1.74–8.64%. In the established LC–MS/MS MRM method, all markers in GHT samples were detected at 0.003–16.157 mg/g. Information gathered during the development and verification of the LC–MS/MS method will be useful for the quality assessment of GHT and other herbal medicines.
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Yu Q, Tao Y, Huang Y, Zogona D, Wu T, Liu R, Pan S, Xu X. Aged Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae ‘Chachi’ Attenuates Oxidative Damage Induced by tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in HepG2 Cells. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030273. [PMID: 35159424 PMCID: PMC8834029 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effects of aged Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae ‘Chachi’ (PCR-C) on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cells. According to HPLC analysis, PCR-C aged 10 years (PCR-C10) had the highest flavonoids content, especially polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), compared with the fresh peel of Citrus reticulata cv. ‘Chachiensis’ and PCR-C aged 1, 3, and 5 years. Then, flavonoids-rich PCR-C samples and non-flavonoids-rich PCR-C samples (NF) were prepared by extracting and purifying PCR-C of different aging periods, for further cell experiments. Pretreatment with flavonoids-rich PCR-C samples (particularly PCR-C10) considerably reversed t-BHP-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cells by improving cell viability, increasing SOD activity and GSH levels and reducing the overproduction of ROS and MDA. Correlation analysis further indicated that the accumulation of PMFs, mainly 5,6,7,4′-tetramethoxyflavone and nobiletin, was the main reason that PCR-C10 maintained the redox balance in HepG2 cells. These findings provided direct evidence for the cellular antioxidant activity of aged PCR-C and a guide for PCR-C’s classification, authentication and rational use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (D.Z.); (T.W.); (R.L.); (S.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yexing Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (D.Z.); (T.W.); (R.L.); (S.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuting Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (D.Z.); (T.W.); (R.L.); (S.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Daniel Zogona
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (D.Z.); (T.W.); (R.L.); (S.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (D.Z.); (T.W.); (R.L.); (S.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruiting Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (D.Z.); (T.W.); (R.L.); (S.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Siyi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (D.Z.); (T.W.); (R.L.); (S.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (D.Z.); (T.W.); (R.L.); (S.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-87671056; Fax: +86-27-87288373
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Liu J, Wang K, Li Y, Zhou B, Tseng K, Zhang X, Su Y, Sun W, Guo Y. Rapid Discrimination of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' by Electrospray Ionization-Ion Mobility-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2021; 26:7015. [PMID: 34834108 PMCID: PMC8622672 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A common idea is that some dishonest businessmen often disguise Citrus reticulata Blanco varieties as Citrus reticulata 'Chachi', which places consumers at risk of economic losses. In this work, we combined high-resolution ion mobility (U-shaped mobility analyzer) with high-resolution mass spectrometry to rapidly distinguish Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' from other Citrus species. The samples were analyzed directly through simple extraction and the analytes were separated in one second. It only took about 1 min to perform a cycle of sample analysis and data acquisition. The results showed that polymethoxylated flavones and their isomers were separated easily by the ion mobility analyzer and preliminarily identified according to the accurate mass. Moreover, the collision cross-section values of all analytes, which could be used as auxiliary parameters to characterize and identify the compounds in the samples, were measured. Twenty-four samples were grouped as two clusters by multivariate analysis, which meant that Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' could be effectively differentiated. It was confirmed that the developed method had the potential to rapidly separate polymethoxylated flavones and distinguish between Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' and other Citrus reticulata Blanco varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China;
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.L.); (B.Z.)
| | - Keke Wang
- Shimadzu Research Laboratory (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201206, China; (K.W.); (K.T.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yuling Li
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.L.); (B.Z.)
| | - Bowen Zhou
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.L.); (B.Z.)
| | - Kuofeng Tseng
- Shimadzu Research Laboratory (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201206, China; (K.W.); (K.T.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhang
- Shimadzu Research Laboratory (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201206, China; (K.W.); (K.T.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yue Su
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Wenjian Sun
- Shimadzu Research Laboratory (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201206, China; (K.W.); (K.T.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yinlong Guo
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.L.); (B.Z.)
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Changes in Organic Acids, Phenolic Compounds, and Antioxidant Activities of Lemon Juice Fermented by Issatchenkia terricola. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216712. [PMID: 34771119 PMCID: PMC8588450 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High content of citric acid in lemon juice leads to poor sensory experience. The study aimed to investigate the dynamics changes in organic acids, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activities of lemon juice fermented with Issatchenkia terricola WJL-G4. The sensory evaluation of fermented lemon juice was conducted as well. Issatchenkia terricola WJL-G4 exhibited a potent capability of reducing the contents of citric acid (from 51.46 ± 0.11 g/L to 8.09 ± 0.05 g/L within 60 h fermentation) and increasing total phenolic level, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities compared to those of unfermented lemon juice. A total of 20 bioactive substances, including 10 phenolic acids and 10 flavonoid compounds, were detected both in fermented and unfermented lemon juice. The lemon juice fermented for 48 h had better sensory characteristics. Our findings demonstrated that lemon juice fermented with Issatchenkia terricola exhibited reduced citric acid contents, increased levels of health-promoting phenolic compounds, and enhanced antioxidant activities.
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Bian X, Xie X, Cai J, Zhao Y, Miao W, Chen X, Xiao Y, Li N, Wu JL. Dynamic changes of phenolic acids and antioxidant activity of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium during aging processes. Food Chem 2021; 373:131399. [PMID: 34717083 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Citri reticulatae pericarpium (CRP) shows multiple bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammation. The folk proverb "CRP, the older, the better" means storing for longer time would improve its quality, which attributed to the influence of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to study which compounds are the factors that long storage would influence the quality of CRP. 161 compounds, including 65 flavonoids, 51 phenolic acids, 27 fatty acids, and 18 amino acids were identified through derivatization and non-derivatization liquid chromatography mass spectrometry approaches. Their dynamic changes indicated phenolic acids, which were reported to have various activities, were the main increased components. Furthermore, the representative phenolic acids were quantified and correlation analysis between their contents and antioxidant activity implicated they were the possible indicators that long storage would improve CRP quality. The results would provide basis for quality control of CRP during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqing Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Xinyi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Jialing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Yiran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Wen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China.
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China.
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Comparison of the chemical-antioxidant profiles of different parts of Citrus reticulata Blanco (Rutaceae) based on OLE-HPLC-DAD-MS/MS-ABTS assay. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00962-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Ahmed W, Azmat R, Mehmood A, Ahmed R, Liaquat M, Khan SU, Qayyum A, Khan SM. Comparison of storability and seasonal changes on new flavonoids, polyphenolic acids and terepene compounds of Citrus paradisi (grapefruit) cv. shamber through advance methods. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe significance of grapefruit is laying in its unique medicinal values and health related compounds. This article discusses the influence of seasonal variations and storage periods on the synthesis and accumulation of new polyphenolic compounds, terpenes, flavonoids and sugars profiling of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) cv. shamber juice were evaluated under advance techniques. The individual sugar profiling of (total sugar, fructose, glucose and sucrose) individual phenolic acids and essential groups of terpene compounds measured at five harvesting times, from early to late stages and compare to storage days of (0, 15, 30, 35, 45 and 65). The higher contents of flavonoids were obtained in December harvested fruits while in comparison the 45 and 65 days the contents were reduced however in others days the contents were maintained the higher contents of Limonene, Quercetin, Perillyl alcohol and Monoterpenes were measured in December harvested fruits the 35 day of storage periods showed the constant contents of terpenes and little reduction of terepene at 45 and 65 days of storage. It may conclude that the mid date was best for good health fruits while the all of these compounds were present in higher amount at 35 day of storage.
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Chen L, Tang S, Li X, Kuang Y, Huang H, Fan P, Feng F, Liu W. A review on traditional usages, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of periploca forrestii schltr. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113892. [PMID: 33516929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Periploca forrestii Schltr. was listed as a classical medicinal plant in "Miao medicine", which is a branch of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). According to the theory of TCM, P. forrestii has the efficacy of relaxing tendons and activating collaterals, and dispelling wind and eliminating dampness. Hence, it was often used for the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis and traumatic injury in clinical practice. AIMS OF THE REVIEW This review aims to present comprehensive information for the research progress of P. forrestii. The researches on botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of the plant are summarized. We mainly focus on the phytochemical and pharmacological investigations. As a representative class of phytochemicals in P. forrestii, more attention is paid to cardiac glycosides. The insights into potential action of mechanisms and possible future studies on P. forrestii are also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant literature was acquired from scientific databases including Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scifinder, Baidu Scholar, PubMed and Chinese national knowledge infrastructure. Monographs and Chinese pharmacopoeia were also utilized as references. RESULTS To date, all kinds of phytochemical constituents have been isolated and identified from this plant including cardiac glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, quinones, organic phenolic acids and others. Among these, cardiac glycosides were considered as the major ingredients and bioactive materials. Modern pharmacological studies demonstrated that the plant possessed extensive bioactivity, such as anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, immunosuppressive action, wound healing activity, antioxidant, anti-tumor and, cardiotonic properties. CONCLUSIONS As an important medicinal plant, lots of studies have proved that P. forrestii has significant therapeutical effects, especially on rheumatoid arthritis and traumatic injury. These results provide modern scientific evidence for traditional use and contribute to the development of novel remedies for chronic diseases. However, the exact mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. Furthermore, the long-term in vivo toxicity and clinical efficacy also require in-depth exploration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine- Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University,Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Siqi Tang
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine- Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University,Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine- Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University,Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Ying Kuang
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine- Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University,Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Hao Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine- Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University,Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Pinglong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine- Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University,Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, 223003, China.
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Variations of Flavone Glycosides Profile Underscore the Necessity of Quality Control of Prepared Microctis Folium Slices. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8887489. [PMID: 33293998 PMCID: PMC7718053 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8887489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Microctis Folium (MF), the dried leaves of Microcos paniculata, is widely used as a medical and food dual-purpose herb in South-east Asia and China. However, the quality control of MF is not well studied. A simple and reliable quality control method was urgently needed for its growing usage. Herein, at first, its main active components were identified by UPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS, and a representative MF flavone glycosides profile consisting of ten compounds was illustrated, which is the most detailed one up to now. Successively, using vitexin as the reference substance, a novel QAMS method with HPLC for quantification of the ten identified flavone glycosides was developed and methodologically validated. Furthermore, making use of the abovementioned QAMS method, quantitative profiling of 21 batches of prepared MF slices collected from different hospital pharmacies were performed. As a result, the total contents of ten flavone glucosides and the content of specific compound showed obvious variations. Using the ten compounds' contents dataset, the 21 batches of samples were divided into two distinct clusters by HCA. In sum, our results indicated that it was of great importance to take quality control of prepared MF slices and we presented a robust and simple method for their quantitative determination, which should be beneficial for the quality control of MF and its derived products.
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Chen G. Far Infrared-assisted Sample Extraction and Solvent Removal for Capillary Electrophoretic Determination of the Bioactive Constituents in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190523115607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Sample preparation is crucially important for the capillary electrophoretic
measurement of the bioactive constituents in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium because conventional
solvent extraction is time-consuming and the solvent peaks seriously interfere with the measured
capillary electropherograms.
Objective:
The objective of the present study is to establish far infrared-assisted sample preparation
approaches for the analysis of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium.
Methods:
Synephrine and hesperidin in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium were determined by capillary
electrophoresis in combination with far infrared-assisted sample extraction and solvent removal.
Results:
The effects of detection potentials, irradiation times and the voltages applied to the infrared
generator were investigated to acquire the optimal assay conditions. Synephrine and hesperidin
could be well separated within 6 min at a separation voltage of 9 kV in an alkaline borate solution.
Satisfactory linearity was observed over the concentration range of 0.001 to 1 mM with the detection
limits of 0.43 and 0.52 μM for synephrine and hesperidin, respectively. The results exhibited
that far infrared irradiations could enhance the efficiencies of sample extraction and solvent removal
during the sample preparation of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. The extraction time was
significantly reduced to 6 min while the interference of the solvent peaks towards the electropherograms
was eliminated.
Conclusion:
Far infrared-accelerated extraction and solvent removal were employed in the capillary
electrophoretic determination of the bioactive constituents in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium
with satisfactory results. The ease, simplicity, efficiency and low cost of the novel sample preparation
approaches indicate they may find a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Luyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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5'-Hydroxy-6, 7, 8, 3', 4'-pentamethoxyflavone extends longevity mediated by DR-induced autophagy and oxidative stress resistance in C. elegans. GeroScience 2020; 43:759-772. [PMID: 32677024 PMCID: PMC8110683 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
5'-Hydroxy-6, 7, 8, 3', 4'-pentamethoxyflavone (5-HPF), a polymethoxyflavone compound found in dikamali gum, has been shown to exert a range of beneficial effects on health. We have previously reported that 5-HPF improves the cholinergic dysfunction and also possesses antioxidant properties in Caenorhabditis elegans. In this study, we have identified the effect of 5-HPF on the worm lifespan and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Out of the five tested pharmacological doses of 5-HPF, viz. 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μM, the 50 μM dose maximally extended the mean life of C. elegans by 28%. The present study revealed that 5-HPF supplementation leads to dietary restriction (DR)-like effects in the worms without altering bacterial metabolism. The analysis of mutant animals fed with 5-HPF suggested that the extended lifespan of C. elegans depends upon multiple DR-related signaling pathways, with NRF2 and FOXA being critical factors. Further investigation into the mechanistic aspects indicated that 5-HPF utilizes autophagy pathway induced by DR through the upregulation of autophagy genes bec-1 and lgg-1, evident from the increase in autophagic puncta in the seam cells of lgg-1::gfp tagged worms. This study identifies the longevity-promoting activity of 5-HPF in C. elegans regulated by oxidative stress-resistance genes and DR-induced autophagy pathway.
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28
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Wang P, Sun Q, Wan R, Du Q, Xia X. Progesterone affects the transcription of genes in the circadian rhythm signaling and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axes and changes the sex ratio in crucian carp (Carassius auratus). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 77:103378. [PMID: 32279014 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone (P4) is an extensively applied progestin in human and veterinary medicine that has been widely detected in ambient aquatic environments, which can be detrimental to the health of aquatic organisms. Here we investigate the long-term effects of P4 on the transcription of genes related to the circadian rhythm signaling pathway and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes in the crucian carp, which may have a potentially negative on endocrine-disrupting and sex differentiation impacts. Our results suggest that the expression of genes associated with the circadian rhythm signaling pathway are altered following exposure for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 d, leading to disorders in the endocrine system disorders and the regulation of HPG axes-related gene expression. These maladies may affect gonadal development and the reproductive systems of crucian carp and provide a plausible mechanism for the observed change in sex ratio toward females after 180 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijin Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingyu Sun
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruyan Wan
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiyan Du
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaohua Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China.
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HPLC–PDA and LC–MS/MS Analysis for the Simultaneous Quantification of the 14 Marker Components in Sojadodamgangki-Tang. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10082804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sojadodamgangki-tang (SDGT) is a traditional Korean medicine consisting of 12 medicinal herbs that has been used in Korea for the treatment of asthma since ancient times. However, the quality control of herbal formulas that contain two or more herbal medicines remains challenging. In this study, 14 marker components were analyzed simultaneously by using high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection in addition to the use of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for quality evaluation of SDGT. The simultaneous determination of the 14 marker components was validated in terms of linearity, recovery, and precision. The established methods can provide useful data for the quality control of SDGT and related herbal formulas.
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30
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Phenolic composition, antioxidant potential and health benefits of citrus peel. Food Res Int 2020; 132:109114. [PMID: 32331689 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Citrus peel (CP) forms around 40-50% of the total fruit mass but is generally thought to be a waste. However, it is a substantial source of naturally occurring health enhancing compounds, particularly phenolic compounds and carotenoids. Phenolic compounds in CP mainly comprise phenolic acids (primarily caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acid), flavanones (generally naringin and hesperidin) and polymethoxylated flavones (notably nobiletin and tangeretin). It has also been noted that CP's contain more amounts of these compounds than corresponding edible parts of the fruits. Phenolic compounds present in CP act as antioxidants (by either donation of protons or electrons) and protect cells against free radical damage as well as help in reducing the risk of many chronic diseases. Owing to the more abundance of polyphenols in CP's, their antioxidant activity is also higher than other edible fruit parts. Therefore, peels from citrus fruits can be used as sources of functional compounds and preservatives for the development of newer food products, that are not only safe but also have health-promoting activities. The present review provides in-depth knowledge about the phenolic composition, antioxidant potential and health benefits of CP.
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31
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Yang X, Wang H, Li T, Chen L, Zheng B, Liu RH. Nobiletin Delays Aging and Enhances Stress Resistance of Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010341. [PMID: 31948007 PMCID: PMC6981590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nobiletin (NOB), one of polymethoxyflavone existing in citrus fruits, has been reported to exhibit a multitude of biological properties, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-atherosclerosis, neuroprotection, and anti-tumor activity. However, little is known about the anti-aging effect of NOB. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of NOB on lifespan, stress resistance, and its associated gene expression. Using Caenorhabditis elegans, an in vivo nematode model, we found that NOB remarkably extended the lifespan; slowed aging-related functional declines; and increased the resistance against various stressors, including heat shock and ultraviolet radiation. Also, NOB reduced the effects of paraquat stressor on nematodes and scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, gene expression revealed that NOB upregulated the expression of sod-3, hsp-16.2, gst-4, skn-1, sek-1, and sir-2.1, which was suggested that anti-aging activity of NOB was mediated most likely by activation of the target genes of the transcription factors including dauer formation (DAF)-16, heat-shock transcription factor (HSF)-1, and skinhead (SKN)-1. In summary, NOB has potential application in extension of lifespan, and its associated healthspan and stress resistances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Yang
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (X.Y.); (B.Z.)
| | - Hong Wang
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (X.Y.); (B.Z.)
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Starch & Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (R.H.L.)
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Ling Chen
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Starch & Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
| | - Bisheng Zheng
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (X.Y.); (B.Z.)
- Guangdong ERA Food & Life Health Research Institute, Guangzhou 510670, China
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (R.H.L.)
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32
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Jiang ZM, wang LJ, Liu WJ, Wang HY, Xiao PT, Zhou P, Bi ZM, Liu EH. Development and validation of a supercritical fluid chromatography method for fast analysis of six flavonoids in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1133:121845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Zheng G, Yang X, Chen B, Chao Y, Hu P, Cai Y, Wu B, Wei M. Identification and determination of chemical constituents of Citrus reticulata semen through ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with Q Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:438-451. [PMID: 31654554 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Citrus reticulata semen, a traditional Chinese medicinal material, has desirable medicinal and dietary properties. In this study, a method combining ultra high performance liquid chromatography with Q Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry was established and validated for the identification and analysis of the chemical components of C. reticulata semen for the first time. The evaluation of different retention times and fragmentation characteristics, as well as comparative analysis with the literature, resulted in the identification of 35 chemical constituents, including 21 flavonoids and 14 other compounds. The 21 flavonoids derived from C. reticulata semen were reported for the first time. Seven of the chemical components of C. reticulata semen were quantitatively analyzed using the developed method under the optimal conditions. The results showed that the content of limonin, hesperidin, nobiletin, synephrine, tangeretin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone and 5-hydroxide-6,7,8,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone in C. reticulata semen was 11.1666, 0.0404, 0.0092, 0.0255, 0.0087, 0.0010, and 0.0008 mg/g, respectively. This study demonstrated that the ultra high performance liquid chromatography Q Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry based method can be used to rapidly and reliably analyze the chemical constituents of C. reticulata semen. These results provide a scientific basis for further studies of C. reticulata semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuoDong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - XiuJuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - BaiZhong Chen
- Guangdong Xinbaotang Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Guangdong, Jiangmen, P. R. China
| | - YingXin Chao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - PingJun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - MinYan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Xia X, Wang P, Wan R, Chang Z, Du Q. Progesterone affects sex differentiation and alters transcriptional of genes along circadian rhythm signaling and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axes in juvenile Yellow River Carp (Cyprinus carpio var.). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:1255-1262. [PMID: 31298479 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone (P4) is a biologically active steroid hormone that is involved in the regulation of oocyte growth and maturation, as well as development of the endometrium and implantation in the uterus of humans. It can also stimulate oocyte maturation in female fish, as well as spermatogenesis and sperm motility in male fish. Thus, P4 has been extensively used in human and animal husbandry as a typical progestin. However, P4 remaining in the water environment will pose a potential hazard to aquatic organisms. For example, it can interfere with sex differentiation and reproduction in aquatic vertebrates such as fish. Therefore, we investigated the effects of prolonged progesterone exposure on the expression of genes related to circadian rhythm signaling and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes in Yellow River Carp, which may have a potential impact on their sex differentiation. Our results suggested that P4 exposure altered the expression of genes related to circadian rhythm signaling, which can lead to disorders in the endocrine system and regulate the HPG axes-related activities. Furthermore, the expression of genes related to the HPG axes was also altered, which might affect gonadal development and the reproductive systems of Yellow River Carp. In addition, these changes may provide a plausible mechanism for the observed shifts in their sex ratio toward females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peijin Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ruyan Wan
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhongjie Chang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qiyan Du
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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35
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The potentially beneficial effects of supplementation with hesperidin in poultry diets. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933917001088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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36
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Itoh K, Matsukawa T, Murata K, Nishitani R, Yamagami M, Tomohiro N, Kajiyama S, Fumuro M, Iijima M, Shigeoka S, Endo Y, Matsuda H. Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Activity of Citrus unshiu Leaf Extract. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19873439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the cultivation of Citrus fruit, pruning in late winter after harvest is important to obtain excellent flower buds in the next spring and a rich harvest of superior fruit in the following winter; a large number of pruned leaves are usually discarded. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility value of pruned leaves of Citrus unshiu. A methanol extract of pruned C. unshiu leaves showed a porcine pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. Fractionation of C. unshiu leaf extract (CUL-ext) followed by bibliographic and chromatographic analyses revealed that a part of the pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of CUL-ext was attributable to nobiletin (1), rutin (2), and hesperidin (3). Thus, pruned C. unshiu leaves may be a reasonable natural resource for the preparation of ingredients with lipase inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihisa Itoh
- The Experimental Farm, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsukawa
- The Experimental Farm, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kazuya Murata
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Shin'ichiro Kajiyama
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
| | | | - Morio Iijima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Yuichi Endo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Matsuda
- The Experimental Farm, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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Fu M, Zou B, An K, Yu Y, Tang D, Wu J, Xu Y, Ti H. Anti-asthmatic activity of alkaloid compounds from Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (Citrus reticulata 'Chachi'). Food Funct 2019; 10:903-911. [PMID: 30694283 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01753k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (PCR, Citrus reticulata 'Chachi', Guangchenpi in Chinese) is one of the most famous Chinese citrus herbal medicines. The in vivo anti-asthmatic activity of 'Chachi' PCR was investigated using a histamine-induced experimental asthma model in Guinea pigs. Two alkaloid-type compounds, synephrine and stachydrine, were analyzed and identified in the 'Chachi' PCR alkaloid fraction. The alkaloid fraction and synephrine protected Guinea pigs against histamine-induced experimental asthma in a dose-dependent manner. The respective application of high, middle, and low doses of the 'Chachi' PCR alkaloid fraction significantly increased specific airway resistance by 284%, 328%, and 355%, and decreased dynamic compliance by 57%, 67%, and 75%. A similar change was observed for synephrine. The expression of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum IgE, IL-4, and IL-5 levels in histamine-induced experimental asthmatic Guinea pigs were significantly downregulated by the 'Chachi' PCR alkaloid fraction and synephrine compared to the control group, whereas stachydrine did not impart a statistically significant effect on the expression of tested inflammatory cells (leucocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes), immunoglobulin (IgE), or cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5). Pathological changes in lung tissues in each treatment group included the infiltration of inflammatory cells around the bronchia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqin Fu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, P. R. China.
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Luo Y, Zeng W, Huang KE, Li DX, Chen W, Yu XQ, Ke XH. Discrimination of Citrus reticulata Blanco and Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’ as well as the Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’ within different storage years using ultra high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry based metabolomics approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 171:218-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zheng YY, Zeng X, Peng W, Wu Z, Su WW. Characterisation and classification of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium varieties based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS combined with multivariate statistical analyses. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2019; 30:278-291. [PMID: 30588683 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), comprising dried pericarps of Citrus reticulata Blanco and its cultivars, is popularly used for its great medicinal and dietary values. Generally, the pericarps from C. reticulate "Chachi" ("Guangchenpi" in Chinese, GCP) is considered to have superior qualities and merit premium price compared with CRP derived from other cultivars (collectively called "Chenpi" in Chinese, CP). Since its multiple origins and derived economic adulteration, it is significant to systematically compare the chemical profiles of different CRP varieties. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this work was to identify the chemical profiles of CRP from different varieties and find out potential chemical markers for differentiating GCP and CP. METHODS In the present study, a total of 42 CRP samples from 10 varieties (including GCP and CP) were analysed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) for chemical profiling. Obtained MS/MS data were further employed in multivariate statistical methods to screen the main compounds which contributed to the characterisation and classification of CRP. RESULTS As a result, 73 compounds (mainly flavonoids) were identified or tentatively characterised in these CRP samples. Based on the obtained chemical profiles data, GCP and CP samples could be easily discriminated from each other by statistical analyses. Moreover, seven compounds were selected as having the most discriminating features which contributed to the classification of CRP. CONCLUSION This work obtains a better understanding of the chemical profiles of different CRP varieties and provides a practical strategy for the authentication of GCP and CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Zheng
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Wu
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Su
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Man MQ, Yang B, Elias PM. Benefits of Hesperidin for Cutaneous Functions. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:2676307. [PMID: 31061668 PMCID: PMC6466919 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2676307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hesperidin is a bioflavonoid, with high concentration in citrus fruits. In addition to its well-known benefits for cardiovascular function, type II diabetes, and anti-inflammation, recent studies have demonstrated multiple benefits of hesperidin for cutaneous functions, including wound healing, UV protection, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, antiskin cancer, and skin lightening. In addition, hesperidin enhances epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis in both normal young and aged skin. The mechanisms by which hesperidin benefits cutaneous functions are attributable to its antioxidant properties, inhibition of MAPK-dependent signaling pathways, and stimulation of epidermal proliferation, differentiation, and lipid production. Because of its low cost, wide availability, and superior safety, hesperidin could prove useful for the management of a variety of cutaneous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Qiang Man
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Bin Yang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Peter M. Elias
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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Wang Y, Zeng X, Xu Q, Mei X, Yuan H, Jiabu D, Sang Z, Nyima T. Metabolite profiling in two contrasting Tibetan hulless barley cultivars revealed the core salt-responsive metabolome and key salt-tolerance biomarkers. AOB PLANTS 2019; 11:plz021. [PMID: 31037214 PMCID: PMC6482114 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress represents one of the most harmful abiotic stresses for agricultural productivity. Tibetan hulless barley is an important economic crop widely grown in highly stressful conditions in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and is often challenged by salinity stress. To investigate the temporal metabolic responses to salinity stress in hulless barley, we performed a widely targeted metabolomic analysis of 72 leaf samples from two contrasting cultivars. We identified 642 compounds 57 % of which were affected by salt stress in the two cultivars, principally amino acids and derivatives, organic acids, nucleotides, and derivatives and flavonoids. A total of 13 stress-related metabolites including piperidine, L-tryptophan, L-glutamic acid, L-saccharopine, L-phenylalanine, 6-methylcoumarin, cinnamic acid, inosine 5'-monophosphate, aminomalonic acid, 6-aminocaproic acid, putrescine, tyramine and abscisic acid (ABA) represent the core metabolome responsive to salinity stress in hulless barley regardless of the tolerance level. In particular, we found that the ABA signalling pathway is essential to salt stress response in hulless barley. The high tolerance of the cultivar 0119 is due to a metabolic reprogramming at key stress times. During the early salt stress stages (0-24 h), 0119 tended to save energy through reduced glycolysis, nucleotide metabolism and amino acid synthesis, while increased antioxidant compounds such as flavonoids. Under prolonged stress (48-72 h), 0119 significantly enhanced energy production and amino acid synthesis. In addition, some important compatible solutes were strongly accumulated. By comparing the two cultivars, nine salt-tolerance biomarkers, mostly unreported salt-tolerance compounds in plants, were uncovered. Our study indicated that the salt tolerant hulless barley cultivar invokes a tolerance strategy which is conserved in other plant species. Overall, we provide for the first time some extensive metabolic data and some important salt-tolerance biomarkers which may assist in efforts to improve hulless barley tolerance to salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
- Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Xingquan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
- Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Qijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
- Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Xiao Mei
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
- Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Dunzhu Jiabu
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
- Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Zha Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
- Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Tashi Nyima
- Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet, China
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Wang X, Wang J, Zhang L, Chen G. Carbon Nanotube‐phenolic Resin Composite Electrode Fabricated by Far Infrared‐assisted Crosslinking for Enhanced Amperometric Detection. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Wang
- School of PharmacyFudan University Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Sports and HealthShanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Luyan Zhang
- School of PharmacyFudan University Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of PharmacyFudan University Shanghai 201203 China
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Ahmed W, Azmat R, Qayyum A, Khan SU, Khan SM, Ahmed S, Moin S. Extraction of diverse polyphenols in relation with storage periods of Citrus paradisi CV. Shamber through HPLC-DAD technique using different solvent. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 56:384-390. [PMID: 30728581 PMCID: PMC6342808 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this article, Citrus paradisi, (Shamber) an exceptional source of Vitamins A and C and full of nutrients, selected for extraction of diverse polyphenols including dietary flavonoids and essential flavonoids by HPLC-DAD technique using various solvents. These essential targeted compounds also analyze after keeping different storage periods and compare with fresh fruits for better efficacy of these compounds. The highest number of phenolic compounds including gallic acid, chlorogenic acid sinapic acid, ferulic acid, myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol extracted in methanol solvent leading to the new compounds of tetra-O-methylscutellar and heptamethoxy flavone. The essential flavonoids determined by polyethersulfone filter and insoluble precipitation separated by the dimethyl sulfoxide. The results showed that the methanolic extraction exhibited higher essential flavonoids including nobiletin, sinensetin, tangeritin, and tetra-O-methylscutellarein and heptamethoxy flavone. The RP-HPLC analysis exposed the maximum number of nutritional flavonoids like naringin, hesperidin, total flavones, glycosyl. Moreover, it observed that dietary flavonoids and phenolic compounds of stored fruits were unaffected in 30 days of storage periods while minor variations were pragmatic during 60-90 days storage. The investigation revealed that C. paradisi proves to be the valuable resource of different phenolic compounds and flavonoids which are effective against various oxidative stresses in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Ahmed
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 0995 Pakistan
| | - Rafia Azmat
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 0995 Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah Khan
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 0995 Pakistan
| | - Shah Masaud Khan
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 0995 Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Sumeira Moin
- Department of Botany, The University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan
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Tong C, Guo K, Xu J, Tong X, Shi S. Online extraction and cleanup–quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry for rapid analysis of bioactive components in natural products. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:679-687. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Structure identification of an arabinogalacturonan in Citrus reticulata Blanco ‘Chachiensis’ peel. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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46
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Tsujimoto T, Yoshitomi T, Maruyama T, Yamamoto Y, Hakamatsuka T, Uchiyama N. 13C-NMR-based metabolic fingerprinting of Citrus-type crude drugs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 161:305-312. [PMID: 30193199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Five Citrus-type crude drugs (40 samples) were classified using 13C-NMR spectra-based metabolomics. The following eight metabolites were identified from the loading plots of multivariate analysis of the 13C-NMR spectra; naringin, neohesperidin, narirutin, synephrine, sucrose, α-glucose, β-glucose, and limonene. 13C-NMR spectra-based metabolic fingerprinting is a promising strategy for classifying crude drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tsujimoto
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Taichi Yoshitomi
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takuro Maruyama
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamamoto
- Tochimoto Tenkaido Co., Ltd., Oniya Kaibara-cho, Tamba, Hyogo 669-3315, Japan
| | - Takashi Hakamatsuka
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Nahoko Uchiyama
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.
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Development and Validation of UPLC–PDA Method for Quality Control of Dikamali gum—A Natural Tablet Binder: Fast Simultaneous Quantitation of Six Polymethoxyflavones. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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48
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Fu M, An K, Xu Y, Chen Y, Wu J, Yu Y, Zou B, Xiao G, Ti H. Effects of different temperature and humidity on bioactive flavonoids and antioxidant activity in Pericarpium Citri Reticulata (Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Yu X, Sun S, Guo Y, Liu Y, Yang D, Li G, Lü S. Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi): Botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of a frequently used traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 220:265-282. [PMID: 29628291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Rutaceae, CRP), commonly called as Chenpi () in Chinese, is most frequently used as a qi-regulating drug in thousands of Chinese medicine prescriptions. CRP is found mainly in major citrus-producing areas such as the Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Fujian, and Zhejiang Provinces of China. Since thousands of years in China, CRP has been used widely in clinical practice to treat nausea, vomiting, indigestion, anepithymia, diarrhea, cough, expectoration, and so on. Currently, CRP is listed in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. The present paper reviews the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, and toxicology of CRP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on CRP was gathered from various sources including the books on traditional Chinese herbal medicine; scientific databases including Elsevier, PubMed, and ScienceDirect; Baidu Scholar; CNKI; and others and from different professional websites. RESULTS Approximately 140 chemical compounds have been isolated and identified from CRP. Among them, volatile oils and flavonoids are generally considered as the main bioactive and characteristic ingredients. CRP possesses wide pharmacological effects such as having a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular, digestive, and respiratory systems, antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties; and a protective effect on the liver and nerve. Moreover, hesperidin is chosen as an indicator in the quantitative determination of CRP, and the quantity of aflatoxin in CRP must not exceed the standard limit mentioned in the pharmacopoeia. CONCLUSIONS In brief, CRP has a warming nature, and hence, it can be used in harmony with a lot of medicines. CRP not only exhibits its effects individually but also aids other medicines exhibit a better effect. CRP can be consumed with tea, food, alcohol, and medicine. Irrespective of the form it is being consumed, CRP not only shows a synergistic effect but also has strengths on its own. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that CRP has marked bioactivities, especially on the diseases of the digestive and respiratory systems. The bioactivities of CRP are useful for its clinical application and provide prospects for the development of drugs as well as food and health products for people. Although CRP is a commonly used drug in the traditional Chinese herbal prescription, there is an urgent need for further research on its synergistic effect with other herbs based on the compatibility theory of TCM, which would further increase our understanding on the compatibility theory of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shuang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuyan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dayu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guoyu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shaowa Lü
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
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Study on the Discrimination between Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Varieties Based on HS-SPME-GC-MS Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analyses. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051235. [PMID: 29786662 PMCID: PMC6099961 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Citri reticulatae pericarpium (CRP), the dried pericarps of Citrus reticulata Blanco and its cultivars, has been widely used in drugs and foods in China for centuries. In this study, an accurate and feasible analytical method based on HS-SPME-GC-MS coupled with multivariate statistical analyses was developed to comprehensively compare volatile compounds of pericarps derived from Citrus reticulata “Chachi” (“Guangchenpi” in Chinese, GCP) and other cultivars of Citrus reticulata Blanco (“Chenpi” in Chinese, CP). Principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and orthogonal partial least-squares-discrimination analysis were performed to extract meaningful attributes from volatile profiles based on GC-MS data. Results indicated that samples from GCP and CP could easily be differentiated, and seven potential chemical markers were screened for the quality control of CRP. This study illuminated the volatile profile in CRP, and provides a practical method for the authentication of CRP varieties.
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