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Gastélum-Estrada A, Rabadán-Chávez G, Reza-Zaldívar EE, de la Cruz-López JL, Fuentes-Palma SA, Mojica L, Díaz de la Garza RI, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Biofortified Beverage with Chlorogenic Acid from Stressed Carrots: Anti-Obesogenic, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Foods 2023; 12:3959. [PMID: 37959079 PMCID: PMC10648175 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Using wounding stress to increase the bioactive phenolic content in fruits and vegetables offers a promising strategy to enhance their health benefits. When wounded, such phenolics accumulate in plants and can provide antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesogenic properties. This study investigates the potential of using wounding stress-treated carrots biofortified with phenolic compounds as a raw material to extract carrot juice with increased nutraceutical properties. Fresh carrots were subjected to wounding stress via slicing and then stored at 15 °C for 48 h to allow phenolic accumulation. These phenolic-enriched slices were blanched, juiced, and blended with orange juice (75:25 ratio) and 15% (w/v) broccoli sprouts before pasteurization. The pasteurized juice was characterized by its physicochemical attributes and bioactive compound content over 28 days of storage at 4 °C. Additionally, its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesogenic potentials were assessed using in vitro assays, both pre- and post-storage. The results reveal that juice derived from stressed carrots (SJ) possessed 49%, 83%, and 168% elevated levels of total phenolics, chlorogenic acid, and glucosinolates, respectively, compared to the control juice (CJ) (p < 0.05). Both juices reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and nitric oxide production in Raw 264.7 cells, without significant differences between them. SJ further displayed a 26.4% increase in cellular antioxidant activity. The juice's bioactive characteristics remained stable throughout storage time. In conclusion, the utilization of juice obtained from stressed carrots in a blend with orange juice and broccoli sprouts offers a promising method to produce a beverage enriched in bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gastélum-Estrada
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Guadalajara, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.G.-E.); (J.L.d.l.C.-L.)
| | - Griselda Rabadán-Chávez
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico (R.I.D.d.l.G.)
| | - Edwin E. Reza-Zaldívar
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico (R.I.D.d.l.G.)
| | - Jessica L. de la Cruz-López
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Guadalajara, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.G.-E.); (J.L.d.l.C.-L.)
| | - Sara A. Fuentes-Palma
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Guadalajara, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.G.-E.); (J.L.d.l.C.-L.)
| | - Luis Mojica
- Food Technology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Unidad Zapopan, Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío del Arenal, Zapopan 45019, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Rocío I. Díaz de la Garza
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico (R.I.D.d.l.G.)
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Guadalajara, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.G.-E.); (J.L.d.l.C.-L.)
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico (R.I.D.d.l.G.)
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Jacob T, Vogel L, Reuter A, Wangorsch A, Kring C, Mahler V, Wöhrl BM. Food Processing Does Not Abolish the Allergenicity of the Carrot Allergen Dau c 1: Influence of pH, Temperature, and the Food Matrix. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000334. [PMID: 32710524 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The major carrot allergen Dau c 1 belongs to the group of pathogenesis related class 10 (PR-10) proteins and is homologous to the birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. In contrast to most other PR-10 allergens, Dau c 1 can elicit Bet v 1 independent sensitization. Although Dau c 1 is considered heat labile, allergic reactions against cooked carrots are possible. METHODS AND RESULTS The pH and temperature stability as well as the allergenic potential before and after treatment of purified natural (n) Dau c 1 and different recombinant (r) isoallergens is investigated: rDau c 1.0104, rDau c 1.0105, rDau c 1.0201, rDau c 1.0301. All proteins except rDau c 1.0201 are able to refold at physiological pH. pH conditions around the pI (4.4-5.5) or the presence of the carrot matrix reduce the refolding capacity. Below the pI, most isoallergens are heat resistant and still able to cause mediator release, indicating allergenicity. Moreover, cooked carrot extract is still able to provoke mediator release due to remaining soluble Dau c 1. CONCLUSION Patients allergic to carrots should avoid processed carrot containing foodstuff because heating or pH treatment do not completely abolish the allergenicity of Dau c 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thessa Jacob
- Biochemie IV - Biopolymere, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | - Lothar Vogel
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, 63225, Germany
| | - Andreas Reuter
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, 63225, Germany
| | - Andrea Wangorsch
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, 63225, Germany
| | - Carolin Kring
- Biochemie IV - Biopolymere, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | - Vera Mahler
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, 63225, Germany
| | - Birgitta M Wöhrl
- Biochemie IV - Biopolymere, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
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Deding U, Baatrup G, Christensen LP, Kobaek-Larsen M. Carrot Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study of 57,053 Danes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020332. [PMID: 32012660 PMCID: PMC7071341 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrots are consumed worldwide. Several meta-analysis studies on carrot consumption have indicated that carrots play a central role as a protecting vegetable against development of different types of cancers. A cancer-preventive role of carrots is plausible because they are the main dietary source of the bioactive polyacetylenic oxylipins falcarinol (FaOH) and falcarindiol (FaDOH), which have shown anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activity in numerous in vitro studies. In addition, purified FaOH and FaDOH have, in recent studies in colorectal cancer (CRC)-primed rats, demonstrated an anti-neoplastic effect in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanisms of action for this effect appears to be due to inhibition of pro-inflammatory and transcription factor biomarkers for inflammation and cancer. However, studies of the CRC-preventive effect of carrots in a large cohort are still missing. We therefore examined the risk of being diagnosed with CRC as predicted by intake of carrots in a Danish population of 57,053 individuals with a long follow-up. Self-reported intake of raw carrots at a baseline of 2-4 carrots or more each week (>32 g/day) was associated with a 17% decrease in risk of CRC with a mean follow-up of >18 years, compared to individuals with no intake of raw carrots even after extensive model adjustments (HR 0.83 CI 95% 0.71; 0.98). An intake below 2-4 carrots each week (<32 g/day) was not significantly associated with reduced risk of CRC (HR 0.93 CI 95% 0.82; 1.06). The results of this prospective cohort study clearly support the results from studies in cancer-primed rats for CRC and hence a CRC-preventive effect of carrots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik Deding
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (U.D.); (G.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Baatrup
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (U.D.); (G.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Porskjær Christensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Aalborg University, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark;
| | - Morten Kobaek-Larsen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (U.D.); (G.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-2461-3161
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Petruzzi L, Campaniello D, Speranza B, Corbo MR, Sinigaglia M, Bevilacqua A. Thermal Treatments for Fruit and Vegetable Juices and Beverages: A Literature Overview. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:668-691. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Petruzzi
- Dept. of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; Univ. of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Daniela Campaniello
- Dept. of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; Univ. of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Barbara Speranza
- Dept. of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; Univ. of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Corbo
- Dept. of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; Univ. of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Milena Sinigaglia
- Dept. of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; Univ. of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Antonio Bevilacqua
- Dept. of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; Univ. of Foggia; Foggia Italy
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Kjellenberg L, Johansson E, Gustavsson KE, Granstedt A, Olsson ME. Correlations between Polyacetylene Concentrations in Carrot (Daucus carota L.) and Various Soil Parameters. Foods 2016; 5:foods5030060. [PMID: 28231155 PMCID: PMC5302391 DOI: 10.3390/foods5030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the concentrations of three falcarinol-type polyacetylenes (falcarinol, falcarindiol, falcarindiol-3-acetate) in carrots and the correlations between these and different soil traits. A total of 144 carrot samples, from three different harvests taken a single season, were analysed in terms of their polyacetylene concentrations and root development. On one of the harvesting occasions, 48 soil samples were also taken and analysed. The chemical composition of the soil was found to influence the concentrations of falcarinol-type polyacetylenes in carrots. When the total soil potassium level was 200 mg/100 g soil, the concentration of falcarindiol (FaDOH) in the carrot samples was 630 μg/g DW, but when carrots were grown in soil with a total potassium level of 300 mg/100 g soil, the FaDOH concentration in the carrots fell to 445 μg/g DW. Carrots grown in soils generally low in available phosphorus exhibited higher levels of falcarindiol if the soil was also low in available magnesium and calcium. The concentrations of polyacetylenes in carrots were positively correlated with total soil phosphorus level, but negatively correlated with total soil potassium level. Of the three polyacetylenes analysed, FaDOH concentrations were influenced most by changes in soil chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Kjellenberg
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 101, Alnarp 230 53, Sweden.
| | - Eva Johansson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 101, Alnarp 230 53, Sweden.
| | - Karl-Erik Gustavsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 101, Alnarp 230 53, Sweden.
| | - Artur Granstedt
- Biodynamic Research Institute, Skilleby, Järna 153 91, Sweden.
| | - Marie E Olsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 101, Alnarp 230 53, Sweden.
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Zhang Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Zhao F, Sun Z, Liao X. Quality comparison of carrot juices processed by high-pressure processing and high-temperature short-time processing. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Martínez-Flores HE, Garnica-Romo MG, Bermúdez-Aguirre D, Pokhrel PR, Barbosa-Cánovas GV. Physico-chemical parameters, bioactive compounds and microbial quality of thermo-sonicated carrot juice during storage. Food Chem 2015; 172:650-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bijttebier S, D’Hondt E, Noten B, Hermans N, Apers S, Exarchou V, Voorspoels S. Automated analytical standard production with supercritical fluid chromatography for the quantification of bioactive C17-polyacetylenes: A case study on food processing waste. Food Chem 2014; 165:371-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Aguiló-Aguayo I, Hossain M, Brunton N, Lyng J, Valverde J, Rai D. Pulsed electric fields pre-treatment of carrot purees to enhance their polyacetylene and sugar contents. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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