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Lee CY, So YS, Lim MC, Jeong S, Yoo SH, Park CS, Jung JH, Seo DH. Characterization of a unique pH-dependent amylosucrase from Deinococcus cellulosilyticus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131834. [PMID: 38688341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The amylosucrase (ASase, EC 2.4.1.4) utilizes sucrose as the sole substrate to catalyze multifunctional reactions. It can naturally synthesize α-1,4-linked glucans such as amylose as well as sucrose isomers with more favorable properties than sucrose with a lower intestinal digestibility and non-cariogenic properties. The amino acid sequence of the asase gene from Deinococcus cellulosilyticus (DceAS) exhibits low homology with those of other ASases from other Deinococcus species. In this study, we cloned and expressed DceAS and demonstrated its high activity at pH 6 and pH 8 and maintained stability. It showed higher polymerization activity at pH 6 than at pH 8, but similar isomerization activity and produced more turanose and trehalulose at pH 6 than at pH 8 and produced more isomaltulose at pH 8. Furthermore, the molecular weight of DceAS was 226.6 kDa at pH 6 and 145.5 kDa at pH 8, indicating that it existed as a trimer and dimer, respectively under those conditions. Additionally, circular dichroism spectra showed that the DceAS secondary structure was different at pH 6 and pH 8. These differences in reaction products at different pHs can be harnessed to naturally produce sucrose alternatives that are more beneficial to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang So
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Lim
- Research Group of Consumer Safety, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Jeong
- Radiation Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea; Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Choen-Seok Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Jung
- Radiation Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Ho Seo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science & Biotechnology and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Melia S, Juliyarsi I, Kurnia YF, Aritonang SN, Rusdimansyah R, Sukma A, Setiawan RD, Pratama YE, Supandil D. Profile of stingless bee honey and microbiota produced in West Sumatra, Indonesia, by several species ( Apidae, Meliponinae). Vet World 2024; 17:785-795. [PMID: 38798299 PMCID: PMC11111726 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.785-795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Stingless bees are generally found in tropical countries, including Indonesia. In West Sumatra, stingless bees are known as Galo-galo, consist of several species with different characteristics; however, the properties of honey produced by stingless bees have not yet been explored. This study aimed to determine the physicochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities as well as the microbiota profile of stingless bee honey from the bee species Heterotrigona itama, Geniotrigona thoracica, Tetrigona melanoleuca, and Tetrigona binghami that are intensively developed in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Materials and Methods Honey produced by the stingless bee species H. itama, G. thoracica, T. melanoleuca, and T. binghami originating in West Sumatra was examined in the present study. The physicochemical properties (Association of Official Analytical Chemists), antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl technique), total phenols (Folin-Ciocalteu method), antimicrobial activity (Agar-Well diffusion test), total lactic acid bacteria, and microbiota diversity were measured in stingless bee honey samples. Results Stingless bee species significantly affected the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, antimicrobial activity, and total lactic acid bacteria (p = 0.05), except for the crude fiber content. The carbohydrate profiles of honey produced by H. itama and T. binghami were dominated by monosaccharides, whereas those of honey from T. melanoleuca and G. thoracica were dominated by disaccharides. In terms of antioxidant activity (half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] value), there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between honey from H. itama, T. melanoleuca, and T. binghami, but there were significant differences (p > 0.05) between honey from G. thoracica. The honey of G. thoracica and T. melanoleuca had the highest total phenolic content (65.65 ± 14.00 and 69.78 ± 8.06, respectively). In addition, honey from the four stingless bee species showed antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. From the principal co-ordinate analysis (PCoA) results, it can be concluded that the microbiota profiles of the four stingless bee honey samples differed. Conclusion The results showed that honey from H. itama, G. thoracica, T. melanoleuca, and T. binghami has different physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, and microbiota diversity. By knowing the content of this stingless bee honey, the results of this study can be used as information that this stingless bee honey has the potential as a functional food that is beneficial for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Melia
- Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Andalas, Padang, 25163, Indonesia
| | - Indri Juliyarsi
- Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Andalas, Padang, 25163, Indonesia
| | - Yulianti Fitri Kurnia
- Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Andalas, Padang, 25163, Indonesia
| | - Salam N. Aritonang
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Andalas, Padang, 25163, Indonesia
| | - Rusdimansyah Rusdimansyah
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Andalas, Padang, 25163, Indonesia
| | - Ade Sukma
- Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Andalas, Padang, 25163, Indonesia
| | - Rizki Dwi Setiawan
- Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Andalas, Padang, 25163, Indonesia
| | - Yudha Endra Pratama
- Student of Doctoral Program, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Andalas, Padang, 25163, Indonesia
| | - Doni Supandil
- Student of Magister Program, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Andalas, Padang, 25163, Indonesia
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Negera T, Degu A, Tigu F. Comparative analysis of the physicochemical, proximate, and antioxidant characteristics of stingless bee ( Meliponula beccarii) honey from modern and wild beehives in Ethiopia. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:1673-1685. [PMID: 38455209 PMCID: PMC10916617 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a dearth of information on the comparative studies of the physicochemical, proximate, and antioxidant properties as well as quality standards of stingless bee honey (SBH) in Ethiopia. Hence, this study was designed to assess and compare the physicochemical, proximate, and antioxidant properties of SBH, specifically sourced from Meliponula beccarii, and produced under both wild and modern apiary conditions at two distinct geographical locations. A total of forty-six honey samples were meticulously collected from domesticated stingless bee colonies and naturally occurring wild nests at Wolmera and Cheliya districts. Pollen analysis unveiled eleven distinct bee plant species distributed across six families, with Asteraceae being the most prevalent, primarily represented by Guizotia scabra and Vernonia amygdalina. Notably, the physicochemical, proximate, and antioxidant properties of SBH collected from modern pot hives exhibited significant variances (p < .05) when compared to SBH from wild nests. Principal component analysis (PCA) delineated the differentiation of SBH sources based on both geographical location and the type of beehive. One-way ANOVA corroborated these distinctions, underscoring significantly higher levels (p < .05) of ash, electrical conductivity, free acidity, hydroxymethylfurfural, sucrose, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and radical scavenging activities of SBH from modern pot hives in Wolmera. Whereas, Cheliya modern pot hives recorded higher values in pH, hydroxymethylfurfural and maltose contents compared to the wild nest SBH. Further analysis through Pearson correlation highlighted a strong positive association between total phenolic content and total flavonoid content with the antioxidant capacity of SBH. These findings underscore the significance of integrating modern pot hives to enhance the quality of SBH within Ethiopia's beekeeping sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taye Negera
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular BiologyAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
- Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Holeta Bee Research CenterHoletaEthiopia
| | - Asfaw Degu
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity ManagementAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Fitsum Tigu
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular BiologyAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
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Ramlan NAFM, Mohamad Azman E, Muhammad K, Jusoh AZ, Johari NA, Yusof YA, Zawawi N. Physicochemical homogeneity of stingless bee honey (Heterotrigona itama) produced in the west coast, east coast and inland area of Peninsular Malaysia. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:1756-1767. [PMID: 37862235 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nutritional composition of stingless bee honey (SBH) can be affected by different climates and soil composition across different geographical areas. However, the range of attributes set for a honey quality standard should be inclusive. This study analysed the sugar profile's physiochemical properties, including quantifying the rare sugar trehalulose, organic acid and mineral composition of SBH collected from inland, and west and east coasts of Peninsular Malaysia. Forty-three SBH (Heterotrigona itama) samples were collected and labelled as <20 and <40 West Coast (<20WC, <40WC), <20 and <40 East Coast (<20EC, <40EC) and Inland, according to their distance from the coasts. RESULTS The moisture, pH and sugar composition of all SBH samples adhered to the Malaysian Kelulut Honey Standard (MS2683:2017) but not to the International Codex Standard (CODEX) for honey. Trehalulose presence in all samples, regardless of geographical area, was predominant alongside fructose and glucose. Only hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content and electrical conductivity (EC) results complied with both standards. The principal component analysis biplot showed that the discrimination of SBH according to the five different areas was not feasible, indicating sample homogeneity. CONCLUSION The physicochemical evaluation of SBH from Peninsular Malaysia shows mainly homogeneous attributes of samples across geographical locations. These findings demonstrated that the current MS2683:2017 is relevant and accommodates all SBH of H. itama species produced in Peninsular Malaysia. Furthermore, the trehalulose range calculated in this study can be implemented as a new benchmark for the indicator of SBH honey quality standard by national and international food standard committees. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Ainaa Farhanah Mat Ramlan
- Functional Carbohydrate and Protein Laboratory, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Ezzat Mohamad Azman
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Kharidah Muhammad
- Functional Carbohydrate and Protein Laboratory, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Arif Zaidi Jusoh
- Food Science and Technology Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azfa Johari
- National Institute of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Yus Aniza Yusof
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Norhasnida Zawawi
- Functional Carbohydrate and Protein Laboratory, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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Hungerford NL, Zawawi N, Zhu T(E, Carter SJ, Melksham KJ, Fletcher MT. Analysis of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Stingless Bee Honey and Identification of a Botanical Source as Ageratum conyzoides. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:40. [PMID: 38251258 PMCID: PMC10819179 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Stingless bee honeys (SBHs) from Australian and Malaysian species were analysed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) for the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and the corresponding N-oxides (PANOs) due to the potential for such hepatotoxic alkaloids to contaminate honey as a result of bees foraging on plants containing these alkaloids. Low levels of alkaloids were found in these SBHs when assessed against certified PA standards in targeted analysis. However, certain isomers were identified using untargeted analysis in a subset of honeys of Heterotrigona itama which resulted in the identification of a PA weed species (Ageratum conyzoides) near the hives. The evaluation of this weed provided a PA profile matching that of the SBH of H. itama produced nearby, and included supinine, supinine N-oxide (or isomers) and acetylated derivatives. These PAs lacking a hydroxyl group at C7 are thought to be less hepatoxic. However, high levels were also observed in SBH (and in A. conyzoides) of a potentially more toxic diester PA corresponding to an echimidine isomer. Intermedine, the C7 hydroxy equivalent of supinine, was also observed. Species differences in nectar collection were evident as the same alkaloids were not identified in SBH of G. thoracica from the same location. This study highlights that not all PAs and PANOs are identified using available standards in targeted analyses and confirms the need for producers of all types of honey to be aware of nearby potential PA sources, particularly weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha L. Hungerford
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia or (N.Z.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Norhasnida Zawawi
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia or (N.Z.); (M.T.F.)
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Tianqi (Evonne) Zhu
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia or (N.Z.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Steve J. Carter
- Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Health, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (S.J.C.); (K.J.M.)
| | - Kevin J. Melksham
- Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Health, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (S.J.C.); (K.J.M.)
| | - Mary T. Fletcher
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia or (N.Z.); (M.T.F.)
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Turck D, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, De Henauw S, Hirsch‐Ernst KI, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Aguilera‐Gómez M, Cubadda F, Frenzel T, Heinonen M, Marchelli R, Neuhäuser‐Berthold M, Poulsen M, Prieto Maradona M, Schlatter JR, Siskos A, van Loveren H, Ferreira da Costa L, Albert O, Knutsen HK. Safety of isomaltulose syrup (dried) as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8491. [PMID: 38260771 PMCID: PMC10801438 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on isomaltulose syrup (dried) as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF consists of a mixture of mono- and disaccharides in powder form, mainly composed of isomaltulose (≥ 75%) and trehalulose (< 13%). The applicant intends to use the NF as a replacement for sucrose already on the market. The information provided on the manufacturing process, composition and specifications of the NF is sufficient and does not raise safety concerns. No absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) or toxicological data were provided for the NF. Instead, the safety of the NF was assessed based on literature data available on isomaltulose and mixtures of isomaltulose and trehalulose. In addition, considering the nature, compositional characterisation and production process of the NF, the Panel considered that such data were sufficient to conclude that the NF is as safe as sucrose.
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Gerginova D, Popova M, Chimshirova R, Trusheva B, Shanahan M, Guzmán M, Solorzano-Gordillo E, López-Roblero E, Spivak M, Simova S, Bankova V. The Chemical Composition of Scaptotrigona mexicana Honey and Propolis Collected in Two Locations: Similarities and Differences. Foods 2023; 12:3317. [PMID: 37685249 PMCID: PMC10486931 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of stingless bee honey and propolis depends on the plant sources they are derived from, and thus reflects the flora available in the vicinity of the hives, the preferences of the bee species, and the climate (altitude and temperature). To understand the relative influence of these factors, we studied the composition of honey and propolis of the stingless bee Scaptotrigona mexicana. Samples from 24 colonies were analyzed: 12 each from two S. mexicana meliponaries located in the state of Chiapas in southern Mexico, approximately 8.5 km apart, Tuxtla Chico and Cacahoatán. The chemical composition of honey and propolis was studied using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. The antioxidant activity of propolis was also studied. Chemometric analyses were applied. The Tuxtla Chico honey samples contained higher concentrations of glucose and fructose, while the Cacahoatán samples displayed a rich composition of di- and trisaccharides. These differences can be attributed to the distinct nectar sources utilized by the bees at each location. Propolis compositions in the two locations also demonstrated qualitative differences, indicating a specific choice of resins by the bees. The observed substantial variations in the chemical composition of propolis and honey of S. mexicana from two locations relatively close to each other supports the assumption that bee species cannot be considered the most important factor in determining their chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dessislava Gerginova
- Bulgarian NMR Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Milena Popova
- Laboratory Chemistry of Natural Products, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.P.); (R.C.); (B.T.)
| | - Ralitsa Chimshirova
- Laboratory Chemistry of Natural Products, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.P.); (R.C.); (B.T.)
| | - Boryana Trusheva
- Laboratory Chemistry of Natural Products, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.P.); (R.C.); (B.T.)
| | - Maggie Shanahan
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 219 Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Miguel Guzmán
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico; (M.G.); (E.S.-G.); (E.L.-R.)
| | - Erik Solorzano-Gordillo
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico; (M.G.); (E.S.-G.); (E.L.-R.)
| | - Estefhanía López-Roblero
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico; (M.G.); (E.S.-G.); (E.L.-R.)
| | - Marla Spivak
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 219 Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Svetlana Simova
- Bulgarian NMR Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Vassya Bankova
- Laboratory Chemistry of Natural Products, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.P.); (R.C.); (B.T.)
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Zulkhairi Amin FA, Shafiq Cheng MZ, Sabri S, Ismail N, Chan KW, Mohd Esa N, Mohd Lila MA, Nur-Fazila SH, Khalifa SAM, El-Seedi HR, Zawawi N. In Vivo Toxicity Assessment of the Probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HTI-19 Isolated from Stingless Bee ( Heterotrigona itama) Honey. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102390. [PMID: 37242273 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the acute and sub-acute toxicity of B. amyloliquefaciens HTI-19 (isolated from stingless bee honey) in female Sprague Dawley rats. In an acute toxicity study, the rats received a low dosage (1 × 109 CFU·mL-1), medium dosage (3 × 109 CFU·mL-1), or high dosage (1 × 1010 CFU·mL-1) of B. amyloliquefaciens HTI-19 daily orally by syringe-feeding for 14 days. For the subacute toxicity study, rats received a low dosage (1 × 109 CFU·mL-1) or a high dosage (1 × 1010 CFU·mL-1) for 28 days. The probiotic feeding in acute and sub-acute toxicity studies showed no mortality or significant abnormalities in rats throughout the experimental period. In week 2 of the acute study, the body weight of the rats showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) compared to the control. By gross and microscopic examination of organs, no evidently significant changes were observed in the morphology of organs. Serum biochemical tests and blood hematology tests also revealed no treatment-related changes. Overall, these data indicated that oral administration of B. amyloliquefaciens HTI-19 up to 1 × 109 CFU·mL-1 for 28 days can be considered safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Aina Zulkhairi Amin
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Zulhafiz Shafiq Cheng
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suriana Sabri
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norsharina Ismail
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kim Wei Chan
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhaizan Mohd Esa
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saulol Hamid Nur-Fazila
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shaden A M Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Norhasnida Zawawi
- Functional Carbohydrate and Protein Laboratory, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Halal Science, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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9
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Manickavasagam G, Saaid M, Lim V, Saad MIZM, Azmi NAS, Osman R. Quality assessment and chemometrics application on physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant properties, and 5-HMF content of Malaysian stingless bee honey from different topographical origins. J Food Sci 2023; 88:1466-1481. [PMID: 36922718 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The popularity of Malaysian stingless bee honey is rising among health-conscious individuals; thus, chemical and physical evaluations of Malaysian stingless bee honey are vital to ensure the honey has achieved the optimum limits set by Malaysian and international regulatory standards so that it can be commercialized locally and internationally. Therefore, in the present study, the physicochemical characteristics (moisture content, total dissolved solids, pH, free acidity, electrical conductivity, and ash content), antioxidant properties (total phenolic and flavonoid contents), and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) of Heterotrigona itama (H. itama) honey from different sites in Peninsular Malaysia were investigated. Subsequently, the correlation between these chemical and physical parameters was studied using Spearman correlation coefficients. The significant difference between H. itama honey from different topographical origins was studied using univariate analysis (one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's test). The discrimination pattern of 45 honey samples based on their topographical origins was evaluated using cluster analysis (heatmap and dendrogram) and chemometrics analysis (partial least squares-discriminant analysis). Results showed that some samples of certain parameters (electrical conductivity, free acidity, and moisture content) have exceeded the limit set by the international regulatory standard. However, the 5-HMF content of all samples was within the allowed range. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) has been observed for all the parameters except electrical conductivity and ash content in terms of inter-topographical origins. Although the profiles of H. itama honey from different origins were close, most of them were separated according to their topographical origins and were validated using a permutation test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mardiana Saaid
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Vuanghao Lim
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Rozita Osman
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Vit P, van der Meulen J, Diaz M, Pedro SR, Esperança I, Zakaria R, Beckh G, Maza F, Meccia G, Engel MS. Impact of genus ( Geotrigona, Melipona, Scaptotrigona) in the targeted 1H-NMR organic profile, and authenticity test by interphase emulsion of honey processed in cerumen pots by stingless bees in Ecuador. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 6:100386. [PMID: 36846470 PMCID: PMC9947262 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The biodiversity of Ecuadorian stingless bees is almost 200 species. Traditional pot-honey harvest in Ecuador is mostly done from nests of the three genera selected here Geotrigona Moure, 1943, Melipona Illiger, 1806, and Scaptotrigona Moure, 1942. The 20 pot-honey samples collected from cerumen pots and three ethnic honeys "abeja de tierra", "bermejo", and "cushillomishki" were analyzed for qualitative and quantitative targeted 1H-NMR honey profiling, and for the Honey Authenticity Test by Interphase Emulsion (HATIE). Extensive data of targeted organic compounds (41 parameters) were identified, quantified, and described. The three honey types were compared by ANOVA. Amino acids, ethanol, hydroxymethylfurfural, aliphatic organic acids, sugars, and markers of botanical origin. The number of phases observed with the HATIE were one in Scaptotrigona and three in Geotrigona and Melipona honeys. Acetic acid (19.60 ± 1.45 g/kg) and lactic acid (24.30 ± 1.65 g/kg) were particularly high in Geotrigona honey (in contrast to 1.3 g/kg acetic acid and 1.6 g/kg lactic acid in Melipona and Scaptotrigona), and with the lowest fructose + glucose (18.39 ± 1.68) g/100g honey compared to Melipona (52.87 ± 1.75) and Scaptotrigona (52.17 ± 0.60). Three local honeys were tested using PCA (Principal Component Analysis), two were assigned with a correct declared bee origin, but "bermejo" was not a Melipona and grouped with the Scaptotrigona cluster. However after HCA (Hierarchical Cluster Analysis) the three honeys were positioned in the Melipona-Scaptotrigona cluster. This research supports targeted 1H-NMR-based profiling of pot-honey metabolomics approach for multi-parameter visualization of organic compounds, as well as descriptive and pertained multivariate statistics (HCA and PCA) to discriminate the stingless bee genus in a set of Geotrigona, Melipona and Scaptotrigona honey types. The NMR characterization of Ecuadorian honey produced by stingless bees emphasizes the need for regulatory norms. A final note on stingless bee markers in pot-honey metabolites which should be screened for those that may extract phylogenetic signals from nutritional traits of honey. Scaptotrigona vitorum honey revealed biosurfactant activity in the HATIE, originating a fingerprint Honey Biosurfactant Test (HBT) for the genus in this set of pot-honeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Vit
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, 5101, Venezuela
| | | | - Maria Diaz
- Quality Services International GmbH, 28199, Bremen, Germany
| | - Silvia R.M. Pedro
- Biology Department, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Esperança
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidad Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21945970, Brazil
| | - Rahimah Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Gudrun Beckh
- Quality Services International GmbH, 28199, Bremen, Germany
| | - Favian Maza
- Faculty of Agricultural and Livestock Sciences, Universidad Técnica de Machala, Machala, El Oro province, Ecuador
| | - Gina Meccia
- Research Institute, Faculty of Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | - Michael S. Engel
- Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 1501 Crestline Drive-Suite 140, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA
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11
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Enhancement of healthful novel sugar contents in genetically engineered sugarcane juice integrated with molecularly characterized ThSyGII (CEMB-SIG2). Sci Rep 2022; 12:18621. [PMID: 36329173 PMCID: PMC9633787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancement of sugar contents and yielding healthful sugar products from sugarcane demand high profile scientific strategies. Previous efforts to foster manipulation in metabolic pathways or triggering sugar production through combating abiotic stresses fail to yield high sugar recovery in Saccharum officinarum L. Novel sucrose isomers trehalulose (TH) and isomaltulose (IM) are naturally manufactured in microbial sources. In pursuance of novel scientific methodology, codon optimized sucrose isomerase gene, Trehalulose synthase gene II(CEMB-SIG2) cloned under dual combined stem specific constitutive promoters in pCAMBIA1301 expression vector integrated with Vacuole targeted signal peptide (VTS) to concentrate gene product into the vacuole. The resultant mRNA expression obtained by Real Time PCR validated extremely increased transgene expression in sugarcane culms than leaf tissues. Overall sugar estimation from transgenic sugarcane lines was executed through refractometer. HPLC based quantifications of Trehalulose (TH) alongside different internodes of transgenic sugarcane confirmed the enhancement of boosted sugar concentrations in mature sugarcane culms. Trehalulose synthase gene II receptive sugarcane lines indicated the unprecedented impressions of duly combined constitutive stem regulated promoters. Transgenic sugarcane lines produce highest sugar recovery percentages, 14.9% as compared to control lines (8.5%). The increased sugar recovery percentage in transgenic sugarcane validated the utmost performance and expression of ThSyGII gene .High Profile Liquid chromatography based sugar contents estimation of Trehalulose (TH) and Isomaltulose (IM) yielded unprecedented improvement in the whole sugar recovery percentage as compared to control lines..
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Zulkifli MF, Radzi MNFM, Saludes JP, Dalisay DS, Ismail WIW. Potential of Natural Honey in Controlling Obesity and its Related Complications. J Evid Based Integr Med 2022; 27:2515690X221103304. [PMID: 36263596 PMCID: PMC9585569 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x221103304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey has a long history of therapeutic properties for multiple diseases, including inflammation and oxidative stress. This review aimed to provide a better understanding and renewed interest in the potential role of honey in obesity control, obesity-related diseases treatment and weight management, with specific reference to its components and the effect of honey overall. There is compelling evidence that honey possesses the desired properties for this purpose, as seen in the in vitro, in silico, in vivo and clinical analyses discussed in this review. This review also highlights the components potentially responsible for the health benefits of honey. Honey and its components reduce blood sugar levels, improve insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism by reducing triglycerides, and reduce total cholesterol and LDL levels while increasing HDL levels that prevent excessive weight gain and reduce the risk of obesity and its complications. Further controlled studies are necessary to validate the role of honey in the management of obesity, both as a preventive and as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faiz Zulkifli
- Cell Signaling and Biotechnology Research Group (CesBTech), Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Naim Fadhli Mohd Radzi
- Cell Signaling and Biotechnology Research Group (CesBTech), Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Jonel P. Saludes
- Center for Chemical Biology & Biotechnology (C2B2) and Center for Natural Drug Discovery and Development (CND3), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City, Philippines,Balik Scientist Program, Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Department of Science and Technology, Taguig, Philippines
| | - Doralyn S. Dalisay
- Center for Chemical Biology & Biotechnology (C2B2) and Center for Natural Drug Discovery and Development (CND3), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City, Philippines,Balik Scientist Program, Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Department of Science and Technology, Taguig, Philippines
| | - Wan Iryani Wan Ismail
- Cell Signaling and Biotechnology Research Group (CesBTech), Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia,Biological Security and Sustainability (BIOSES) Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia,Wan Iryani Wan Ismail, Cell Signaling and Biotechnology Research Group (CesBTech), Biological Security and Sustainability (BIOSES) Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21300, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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13
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Kamal DAM, Ibrahim SF, Ugusman A, Zaid SSM, Mokhtar MH. Kelulut Honey Improves Folliculogenesis, Steroidogenic, and Aromatase Enzyme Profiles and Ovarian Histomorphology in Letrozole-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:4364. [PMID: 36297046 PMCID: PMC9612175 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been linked to aberrant folliculogenesis and abnormalities in the aromatase enzyme (Cyp19a1) and the steroidogenic enzyme, 17-alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp17a1) expression. It has been demonstrated that Kelulut honey (KH) improves both female and male reproductive system anomalies in animal studies. Here, we examined the effects of isolated and combined KH, metformin, and clomiphene in improving folliculogenesis, aromatase, and steroidogenic enzyme profiles and ovarian histomorphology in letrozole-induced PCOS rats. Letrozole (1 mg/kg/day) was administered to female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats for 21 days to induce PCOS. PCOS rats were subsequently divided into six experimental groups: untreated, treatment with metformin (500 mg/kg/day), clomiphene (2 mg/kg/day), KH (1 g/kg/day), combined KH (1 g/kg/day) and metformin (500 mg/kg/day), and combined KH (1 g/kg/day) and clomiphene (2 mg/kg/day). All treatments were given orally for 35 days. We found that KH was comparable with clomiphene and metformin in improving the expression of Cyp17a1 and Cyp19a1, apart from enhancing folliculogenesis both histologically and through the expression of folliculogenesis-related genes. Besides, the combination of KH with clomiphene was the most effective treatment in improving the ovarian histomorphology of PCOS rats. The effectiveness of KH in restoring altered folliculogenesis, steroidogenic, and aromatase enzyme profiles in PCOS warrants a future clinical trial to validate its therapeutic effect clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datu Agasi Mohd Kamal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Siti Fatimah Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Siti Sarah Mohamad Zaid
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Helmy Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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14
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The Trend in Established Analytical Techniques in the Investigation of Physicochemical Properties and Various Constituents of Honey: a Review. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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15
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Zhang J, Hungerford NL, Yates HSA, Smith TJ, Fletcher MT. How is Trehalulose Formed by Australian Stingless Bees? - An Intermolecular Displacement of Nectar Sucrose. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6530-6539. [PMID: 35584080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Trehalulose, a rare sucrose isomer, is a dominant sugar in stingless bee honey, with traces of the trisaccharide erlose. Incubating sucrose solutions with macerated stingless bee parts (head, thorax, and abdomen) from Tetragonula carbonaria, we observed that sucrose isomerization occurs predominantly in the head incubations, with trehalulose constituting 76.2-80.0% of total detected sugar. By contrast, sucrose hydrolysis occurred in stingless bee abdomen incubations, with glucose and fructose observed as 48.6-51.7% and 48.3-49.7%, respectively, of total detected sugar. Incubating glucose/fructose (1:1) solutions with any bee part did not result in trehalulose formation. In addition, by tracing the 13C isotope-labeled monosaccharide moieties throughout the isomerization from sucrose to trehalulose and erlose, for the first time, the mechanism was established as an enzymatic double displacement reaction. Sucrose acts as a glucose donor giving a β-d-glucosyl enzyme intermediate with fructose release as demonstrated by mixed isotope products. Glucosylation of fructose (inter- or intramolecularly) with isomerization forms trehalulose (favorable), while glucosylation of sucrose forms erlose (less favorable).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhang
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Science Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Natasha L Hungerford
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Science Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Hans S A Yates
- Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Health, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Tobias J Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mary T Fletcher
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Science Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
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Al-Hatamleh MAI, Alshaer W, Hatmal MM, Lambuk L, Ahmed N, Mustafa MZ, Low SC, Jaafar J, Ferji K, Six JL, Uskoković V, Mohamud R. Applications of Alginate-Based Nanomaterials in Enhancing the Therapeutic Effects of Bee Products. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:865833. [PMID: 35480890 PMCID: PMC9035631 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.865833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the ancient times, bee products (i.e., honey, propolis, pollen, bee venom, bee bread, and royal jelly) have been considered as natural remedies with therapeutic effects against a number of diseases. The therapeutic pleiotropy of bee products is due to their diverse composition and chemical properties, which is independent on the bee species. This has encouraged researchers to extensively study the therapeutic potentials of these products, especially honey. On the other hand, amid the unprecedented growth in nanotechnology research and applications, nanomaterials with various characteristics have been utilized to improve the therapeutic efficiency of these products. Towards keeping the bee products as natural and non-toxic therapeutics, the green synthesis of nanocarriers loaded with these products or their extracts has received a special attention. Alginate is a naturally produced biopolymer derived from brown algae, the desirable properties of which include biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity and non-immunogenicity. This review presents an overview of alginates, including their properties, nanoformulations, and pharmaceutical applications, placing a particular emphasis on their applications for the enhancement of the therapeutic effects of bee products. Despite the paucity of studies on fabrication of alginate-based nanomaterials loaded with bee products or their extracts, recent advances in the area of utilizing alginate-based nanomaterials and other types of materials to enhance the therapeutic potentials of bee products are summarized in this work. As the most widespread and well-studied bee products, honey and propolis have garnered a special interest; combining them with alginate-based nanomaterials has led to promising findings, especially for wound healing and skin tissue engineering. Furthermore, future directions are proposed and discussed to encourage researchers to develop alginate-based stingless bee product nanomedicines, and to help in selecting suitable methods for devising nanoformulations based on multi-criteria decision making models. Also, the commercialization prospects of nanocomposites based on alginates and bee products are discussed. In conclusion, preserving original characteristics of the bee products is a critical challenge in developing nano-carrier systems. Alginate-based nanomaterials are well suited for this task because they can be fabricated without the use of harsh conditions, such as shear force and freeze-drying, which are often used for other nano-carriers. Further, conjunction of alginates with natural polymers such as honey does not only combine the medicinal properties of alginates and honey, but it could also enhance the mechanical properties and cell adhesion capacity of alginates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center (CTC), The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ma’mon M. Hatmal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Lidawani Lambuk
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zulkifli Mustafa
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Siew Chun Low
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Khalid Ferji
- LCPM, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Luc Six
- LCPM, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Rohimah Mohamud,
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Kostenko O. Beekeeping and honey production in Russia. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20224802007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey occupies a special place in the diet due to its functional and medicinal properties. Honey consumption is significantly below the level recommended both in Russia and in the world. It is possible to significantly increase honey consumption both in the internal and foreign markets. The research aims to analyze and identify problems, obstacles and driving forces in the development of beekeeping in the case of Russia. Analysis showed that 18 Russian regions are focused on the export of honey to interregional and foreign markets. The beekeeping sector faces significant challenges in honey selling. The adulterated honey share is estimated at 30%. More than half of the honey on the Russian market is sold through direct short channels. Promoting products to metropolitan and foreign markets requires new approaches to building supply chains: data on apiaries and honey quality; optimizing supply chains and income distribution by chain links. The industry drivers can be a cluster approach; digital technologies to solve specific industry issues; new approaches in support of the industry by state.
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