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Yook MJ, Park HR, Zhang CJ, Lim SH, Jeong SC, Chung YS, Kim DS. Environmental risk assessment of glufosinate-resistant soybean by pollen-mediated gene flow under field conditions in the region of the genetic origin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:143073. [PMID: 33189381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Pollen-mediated gene flow of genetically modified crops to their wild relatives can facilitate the spread of transgenes into the ecosystem and alter the fitness of the consequential progeny. A two-year field study was conducted to quantify the gene flow from glufosinate-ammonium resistant (GR) soybean (Glycinemax) to its wild relative, wild soybean (G. soja), and assess the potential weed risk of hybrids resulting from the gene flow during their entire life cycle under field conditions in Korea, where wild soybean is the natural inhabitant. Pollen-mediated gene flow from GR soybeans to wild soybeans ranged from 0.292% (mixed planting) to 0.027% at 8 m distance. The log-logistic model described the gene flow rate with increasing distance from GR soybean to wild soybean; the estimated effective isolation distance for 0.01% gene flow between GR and wild soybeans was 37.7 m. The F1 and F2 hybrids exhibited the intermediate characteristics of their parental soybeans in their vegetative and reproductive stages. Canopy height and stem length of hybrids were close to those of wild soybean, which shows an indeterminate growth; the numbers of flowers, pods, and seeds per hybrid plant were close to those of wild soybean and significantly higher than those of GR soybean. Seed longevity of F2 hybrid plants was also intermediate but significantly greater than that of GR soybean due to high seed dormancy. Our results suggest that transgenes of the GR soybean might disperse into wild populations and persist in the agroecosystem of the genetic origin regions due to the pollen-mediated gene flow and the relatively high fitness of the hybrid progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Yook
- Department of Plant Science, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Rim Park
- Department of Plant Science, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuan-Jie Zhang
- Department of Plant Science, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Soo-Hyun Lim
- Department of Plant Science, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Chun Jeong
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Chung
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Soon Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Seed Germination of Sunflower as a Case Study for the Risk Assessment and Management of Transgenic Plants Used for Environmental Remediation in South Korea. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su122310110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In South Korea, the safety management of living modified organisms (LMOs) is regulated by seven government agencies depending on their use, and the Ministry of Environment is in charge of LMOs to manage environmental remediation and effects on natural ecosystems. This study aimed to develop appropriate research tools to determine the factors affecting the invasiveness of transgenic plants used for environmental remediation. We examined the persistence of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as a candidate by comparing the seed viability at different controlled temperatures and soil depths (ranging from 0 to 30 cm). The germination characteristics of seeds significantly differed between cultivars and temperatures. The field trials indicated that seeds buried at a depth of 30 cm mostly decayed within three weeks, whereas those buried at 0 cm persisted for eight weeks but decayed after sixteen weeks, implying a significant interaction between burial depth and seed persistence. At all soil depths, no dormant seeds were detected over one week after burial. These results suggest that sunflower seeds could not be successfully established under our experimental conditions. Since seeds on the soil surface demonstrated the highest rates of germination, such seeds may require particularly careful management to prevent unintended effects on ecosystems.
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Ellstrand NC. "Born to Run"? Not Necessarily: Species and Trait Bias in Persistent Free-Living Transgenic Plants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:88. [PMID: 30018952 PMCID: PMC6037855 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility of transgenes from engineered plants ending up in unmanaged populations with undesirable consequences has been a long-term biosafety concern. Experience with traditionally improved plants reveals that most cases of such gene escape have been of little consequence, but on occasion they have led to the evolution of problematic plants or have resulted in an increased extinction risk for wild taxa. Three decades have passed since the first environmental release of transgenic plants, and more than two decades since their first commercialization. Examples of transgenes gone astray are increasingly commonplace. Transgenic individuals have been identified in more than a thousand free-living plant populations. Here I review 14 well-documented consolidated “cases” in which transgenes have found their way into free-living plant populations. Some as transient volunteers; others appear to be persistent transgenic populations. The species involved in the latter are not representative of the current commercialized transgenic crops as whole. They tend to share certain traits that are absent or rare in the transgenic crops that do not exist as persistent populations. The traits commonly occurring in species with persistent transgenic free-living populations are the following, in descending order of importance: (1) a history of occurring as non-transgenic free-living plants, (2) fruits fully or partially shattering prior to harvest, (3) have small or otherwise easily dispersed seeds, either spontaneously or by seed spillage along the supply chain from harvest to consumer, (4) ability to disperse viable pollen, especially to a kilometer or more, (5) perennial habit, and (6) the transgene's fitness effects in the recipient environment are beneficial or neutral. Based on these observations, a thought experiment posits which species might be the next to be reported to occur as free-living transgenic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman C Ellstrand
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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4
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Naegeli H, Birch AN, Casacuberta J, De Schrijver A, Gralak MA, Guerche P, Jones H, Manachini B, Messéan A, Nielsen EE, Nogué F, Robaglia C, Rostoks N, Sweet J, Tebbe C, Visioli F, Wal JM, Gennaro A, Neri FM, Olaru I. Scientific opinion on application EFSA-GMO-NL-2013-120 for authorisation of genetically modified soybean FG72 × A5547-127 for food and feed uses, import and processing submitted in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 by Bayer CropScience LP and M.S. Technologies LLC. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04744. [PMID: 32625455 PMCID: PMC7010049 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this opinion, the EFSA Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) assesses the two‐event stack soybean FG72 × A5547‐127 for food and feed uses, import and processing. The EFSA GMO Panel previously assessed the two single events combined to produce the two‐event stack soybean FG72 × A5547‐127 and did not identify safety concerns. No new data on the single events, leading to modification of the original conclusions on their safety, were identified. The molecular, agronomic, phenotypic and compositional data on soybean FG72 × A5547‐127 did not give rise to safety concerns and no reason to expect interactions between the single events impacting on the food and feed safety of the two‐event stack soybean was identified. Although the EFSA GMO Panel cannot conclude on forage composition, soybean forage is not expected to be imported in a significant amount for use as feed. Considering the routes of exposure and limited exposure levels, the EFSA GMO Panel concludes that soybean FG72 × A5547‐127 would not give rise to safety concerns in the event of accidental release of viable seeds into the environment. The post‐market environmental monitoring plan and reporting intervals are in line with the intended uses of soybean FG72 × A5547‐127. The EFSA GMO Panel concludes that soybean FG72 × A5547‐127 is as safe as the non‐genetically modified (GM) comparator and non‐GM soybean reference varieties with respect to potential effects on human and animal health and the environment.
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Naegeli H, Birch AN, Casacuberta J, De Schrijver A, Gralak MA, Jones H, Manachini B, Messéan A, Nielsen EE, Nogué F, Robaglia C, Rostoks N, Sweet J, Tebbe C, Visioli F, Wal JM, Álvarez F, Ardizzone M, Liu Y, Neri FM, Ramon M. Scientific opinion on an application by Dow AgroSciences LLC (EFSA-GMO-NL-2012-106) for the placing on the market of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant soybean DAS-44406-6 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04738. [PMID: 32625444 PMCID: PMC7009884 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean DAS‐44406‐6 expresses 5‐enolpyruvyl‐shikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (2mEPSPS), conferring tolerance to glyphosate‐based herbicides, aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase (AAD‐12), conferring tolerance to 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) and other related phenoxy herbicides, and phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT), conferring tolerance to glufosinate ammonium‐based herbicides. The molecular characterisation data and bioinformatics analyses did not identify issues requiring assessment for food/feed safety. The agronomic and phenotypic characteristics revealed no relevant differences between soybean DAS‐44406‐6 and its conventional counterpart, except for pod count, seed count and yield. The compositional analysis identified no differences requiring further assessment, except for an increase (up to 31%) in lectin activity in soybean DAS‐44406‐6. Such increase is unlikely to raise additional concerns for food/feed safety and nutrition of soybean DAS‐44406‐6 as compared to its conventional counterpart and non‐GM reference varieties. There were no concerns regarding the potential toxicity and allergenicity of the three newly expressed proteins, and no evidence that the genetic modification might significantly change the overall allergenicity of soybean DAS‐44406‐6. Soybean DAS‐44406‐6 is as nutritious as its conventional counterpart and the non‐GM soybean reference varieties tested. There are no indications of an increased likelihood of establishment and spread of occasional feral soybean DAS‐44406‐6 plants, unless exposed to the intended herbicides. The likelihood of environmental effects from the accidental release of viable seeds from soybean DAS‐44406‐6 into the environment is therefore very low. The post‐market environmental monitoring plan and reporting intervals are in line with the intended uses of soybean DAS‐44406‐6. In conclusion, the GMO Panel considers that the information available for soybean DAS‐44406‐6 addresses the scientific comments raised by Member States and that soybean DAS‐44406‐6, as described in this application, is as safe as its conventional counterpart and non‐GM soybean reference varieties with respect to potential effects on human and animal health and the environment in the context of the scope of this application.
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Naegeli H, Birch AN, Casacuberta J, De Schrijver A, Gralak MA, Jones H, Manachini B, Messéan A, Nielsen EE, Nogué F, Robaglia C, Rostoks N, Sweet J, Tebbe C, Visioli F, Wal JM, Ardizzone M, Devos Y, Gomes A, Liu Y, Neri FM, Olaru I. Scientific Opinion on an application by Dow AgroSciences LLC (EFSA-GMO-NL-2011-91) for the placing on the market of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant soybean DAS-68416-4 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04719. [PMID: 32625430 PMCID: PMC7010147 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean DAS-68416-4 was developed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation to express the aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase-12 (AAD-12) protein, conferring tolerance to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and other related phenoxy herbicides, and the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) protein, conferring tolerance to glufosinate ammonium-based herbicides. The molecular characterisation data and bioinformatics analyses did not identify issues requiring further assessment for food/feed safety. The agronomic and phenotypic characteristics tested revealed no relevant differences between soybean DAS-68416-4 and its conventional counterpart, except for 'days to 50% flowering'. The compositional analysis identified no differences requiring further assessment, except for an increase (up to 36%) in lectin activity in soybean DAS-68416-4. Such increase is unlikely to raise additional concerns for food/feed safety and nutrition for soybean DAS-68416-4 as compared to its conventional counterpart and the non-GM reference varieties. There were no concerns regarding the potential toxicity and allergenicity of the two newly expressed proteins, and no evidence that the genetic modification might significantly change the overall allergenicity of soybean DAS-68416-4. Soybean DAS-68416-4 is as nutritious as its conventional counterpart and the non-GM reference varieties. There are no indications of an increased likelihood of establishment and spread of occasional feral soybean DAS-68416-4 plants, unless these are exposed to the intended herbicides. The likelihood of environmental effects resulting from the accidental release of viable seeds from soybean DAS-68416-4 into the environment is therefore very low. The post-market environmental monitoring plan and reporting intervals are in line with the intended uses of soybean DAS-68416-4. The GMO Panel concludes that the information available addresses the scientific comments of the Member States and that soybean DAS-68416-4, as described in this application, is as safe as its conventional counterpart and the tested non-GM reference varieties with respect to potential effects on human and animal health and the environment in the context of the scope of this application.
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7
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Park HR, Yook MJ, Kim DS. Characterization of Soybean Hybrid Seeds Resulted from Natural Hybridization between LM Soybean and Wild Soybean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5660/wts.2016.5.4.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Pascher K. Spread of volunteer and feral maize plants in Central Europe: recent data from Austria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2016; 28:30. [PMID: 28090425 PMCID: PMC5202252 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-016-0098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of volunteer maize plants in subsequent crops as well as of feral maize plants in non-agricultural areas is an essential issue in risk assessments of genetically modified (GM) maize, with regard to possible contamination of natural habitats with GM material and as contribution to the total adventitious GM content of the non-GM final product. The appearance of feral maize plants has been confirmed for non-agricultural habitats in European areas with Mediterranean climate such as Spain. However, the existence of maize volunteers and feral maize outside cultivation under Central European continental climatic conditions is considered to be extremely unlikely in those winter-cold areas. Here, field observations during 5 years (2007, 2008, 2010, 2011 and 2015) in Austria are presented that confirm the occurrence of volunteer and feral maize under Central European climatic conditions. Most of these plants produced fertile inflorescences with viable pollen and fully developed cobs. Maize kernels may reach the soil by disintegration of cobs due to disease, using crushed maize cobs for game-feeding, left overs in manure dispersed during fertilisation or from transporting and handling of crushed cobs. The evidence of volunteer and feral maize in four Federal States in Austria (Burgenland, Lower Austria, Upper Austria, Styria) emphasises the necessity to consider these hitherto under-emphasised factors in an ecological risk assessment (ERA) of GM maize as a possible source for transgenes in non-agricultural habitats, because these plants could act as bridge for the spread of GM material into semi-natural habitats. In accordance with the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), which states that in principle maize has the potential to survive as a volunteer or feral plant also in regions with cold winters, the investigation of the frequency of their occurrence under Central European conditions should be part of future monitoring programmes in order to assess their potential for permitting transgene spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Pascher
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation- and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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9
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Naegeli H, Birch AN, Casacuberta J, De Schrijver A, Gralak MA, Guerche P, Jones H, Manachini B, Messéan A, Nielsen EE, Nogué F, Robaglia C, Rostoks N, Sweet J, Tebbe C, Visioli F, Wal J, Divéki Z, Fernández‐Dumont A, Gennaro A, Lanzoni A, Maria Neri F, Paraskevopoulos K. Scientific Opinion on an application by Dow AgroSciences (EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2013‐116) for placing on the market of genetically modified insect‐resistant soybean DAS‐81419‐2 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003. EFSA J 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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10
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Scientific Opinion on an application by Pioneer (EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2007‐47) for the placing on the market of the herbicide‐tolerant, high‐oleic acid, genetically modified soybean 305423 × 40‐3‐2 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003. EFSA J 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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11
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Scientific Opinion on an application (EFSA-GMO-NL-2010-85) for the placing on the market of MON 87769 × MON 89788 soybean, genetically modified to contain stearidonic acid and be tolerant to glyphosate for food and feed uses, import and processing under R. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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12
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Ambrose A, Lee WH, Cho BK. Effect of Microwave Heat Treatment on Inhibition of Corn Seed Germination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5307/jbe.2015.40.3.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Scientific Opinion on an application (EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2010‐80) for the placing on the market of herbicide‐tolerant genetically modified maize NK603 × T25 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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14
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Scientific Opinion on an application (EFSA‐GMO‐BE‐2011‐98) for the placing on the market of herbicide‐tolerant genetically modified soybean FG72 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Bayer CropScience. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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15
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Scientific Opinion on an application (Reference EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2011‐100) for the placing on the market of the herbicide‐tolerant, increased oleic acid genetically modified soybean MON 87705 × MON 89788 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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16
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Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2012‐108) for the placing on the market of the herbicide‐tolerant genetically modified soybean MON 87708 × MON 89788 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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17
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Scientific Opinion on the application (EFSA‐GMO‐BE‐2012‐110) for the placing on the market of tissue‐selective herbicide‐tolerant genetically modified maize MON 87427 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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18
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Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA‐GMO‐DE‐2011‐95) for the placing on the market of genetically modified maize 5307 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Syngenta Crop Protection AG. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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19
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Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA‐GMO‐UK‐2009‐76) for the placing on the market of soybean MON 87769 genetically modified to contain stearidonic acid, for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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20
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Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2009‐64) for the placing on the market of herbicide‐tolerant genetically modified soybean BPS‐CV127‐9 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from BASF Plant Science. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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21
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Scientific Opinion on application EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2007‐45 for the placing on the market of herbicide‐tolerant, high‐oleic acid, genetically modified soybean 305423 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Pioneer. EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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22
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Scientific Opinion on application EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2011‐93 for the placing on the market of the herbicide‐tolerant genetically modified soybean MON 87708 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto. EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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23
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Scientific opinion on applications EFSA‐GMO‐RX‐T25 and EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2007‐46 for the renewal of authorisation of maize T25, and for the placing on the market of herbicide‐tolerant genetically modified maize T25, both for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Bayer CropScience AG. EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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24
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Waminal NE, Ryu KH, Choi SH, Kim HH. Randomly detected genetically modified (GM) maize (Zea mays L.) near a transport route revealed a fragile 45S rDNA phenotype. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74060. [PMID: 24040165 PMCID: PMC3767626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring of genetically modified (GM) crops has been emphasized to prevent their potential effects on the environment and human health. Monitoring of the inadvertent dispersal of transgenic maize in several fields and transport routes in Korea was carried out by qualitative multiplex PCR, and molecular analyses were conducted to identify the events of the collected GM maize. Cytogenetic investigations through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of the GM maize were performed to check for possible changes in the 45S rDNA cluster because this cluster was reported to be sensitive to replication and transcription stress. Three GM maize kernels were collected from a transport route near Incheon port, Korea, and each was found to contain NK603, stacked MON863 x NK603, and stacked NK603 x MON810 inserts, respectively. Cytogenetic analysis of the GM maize containing the stacked NK603 x MON810 insert revealed two normal compact 5S rDNA signals, but the 45S rDNA showed a fragile phenotype, demonstrating a “beads-on-a-string” fragmentation pattern, which seems to be a consequence of genetic modification. Implications of the 45S rDNA cluster fragility in GM maize are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomar Espinosa Waminal
- Plant Biotechnology Institute, Department of Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Ryu
- Department of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Choi
- Department of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Hee Kim
- Plant Biotechnology Institute, Department of Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA-GMO-UK-2006-34) for the placing on the market of genetically modified maize 3272 with a thermotolerant alpha-amylase, for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Syngenta Cr. EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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26
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Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA‐GMO‐UK‐2008‐53) for the placing on the market of herbicide tolerant genetically modified maize 98140 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Pioneer Overseas Corporation. EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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27
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Scientific Opinion on an application from Pioneer Hi‐Bred International and Dow AgroSciences LLC (EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2005‐23) for placing on the market of genetically modified maize 59122 for food and feed uses, import, processing and cultivation under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003. EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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28
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Scientific Opinion on an application (EFSA-GMO-NL-2009-70) for the placing on the market of genetically modified drought tolerant maize MON 87460 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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29
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Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2010‐78) for the placing on the market of herbicide‐tolerant, increased oleic acid genetically modified soybean MON 87705 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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30
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Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA‐GMO‐DE‐2010‐82) for the placing on the market of insect‐resistant genetically modified maize MIR162 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Syngenta. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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31
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Scientific Opinion on an application (EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2005‐24) for the placing on the market of the herbicide tolerant genetically modified soybean 40‐3‐2 for cultivation under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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32
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Scientific opinion on application (EFSA-GMO-NL-2009-73) for the placing on the market of insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant genetically modified soybean MON 87701 × MON 89788 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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33
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Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA-GMO-UK-2008-60) for placing on the market of genetically modified herbicide tolerant maize GA21 for food and feed uses, import, processing and cultivation under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Syngenta Seeds. EFSA J 2011. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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34
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Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA-GMO-CZ-2008-54) for placing on the market of genetically modified insect resistant and herbicide tolerant maize MON 88017 for cultivation under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto. EFSA J 2011. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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35
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36
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Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA‐GMO‐UK‐2007‐43) for the placing on the market of herbicide tolerant genetically modified soybean 356043 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Pioneer. EFSA J 2011. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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37
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Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA‐GMO‐BE‐2010‐79) for the placing on the market of insect resistant genetically modified soybean MON 87701 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto. EFSA J 2011. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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38
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Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA-GMO-NL-2008-52) for the placing on the market of herbicide tolerant genetically modified soybean A5547-127 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829-2003 from Bayer CropScience. EFSA J 2011. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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39
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Scientific Opinion on applications (EFSA‐GMO‐RX‐40‐3‐2[8‐1a/20‐1a], EFSA‐GMO‐RX‐40‐3‐2) for renewal of authorisation for the continued marketing of (1) food containing, consisting of, or produced from genetically modified soybean 40‐3‐2; (2) feed containing, consisting of, or produced from soybean 40‐3‐2; (3) other products containing or consisting of soybean 40‐3‐2 with the exception of cultivation, all under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto. EFSA J 2010. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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40
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Scientific Opinion on an application (EFSA-GMO-NL-2009-65) for the placing on the market of insect resistant and herbicide tolerant genetically modified maize MON 89034 × 1507 × NK603 and all sub-combinations of the individual events as present in its seg. EFSA J 2010. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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41
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Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA-GMO-CZ-2008-62) for the placing on the market of insect resistant and herbicide tolerant genetically modified maize MON 89034 × 1507 × MON 88017 × 59122 and all sub-combinations of the individual events as present i. EFSA J 2010. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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42
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43
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Dinon AZ, Bosco KT, Arisi ACM. Monitoring of Bt11 and Bt176 genetically modified maize in food sold commercially in Brazil from 2005 to 2007. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:1566-1569. [PMID: 20549814 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.3980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first genetically modified (GM) maize lines were approved for trading in Brazil after December 2007 and they were T25, MON810, Bt11, NK603 and GA21. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was employed to monitor the presence of Bt11 and nested PCR was used to detect the presence of Bt176 in 81 maize-derived products (maize flour, corn meal, maize flour flakes and polenta) that were sold in Brazilian market from 2005 to 2007, before the release of GM maize in Brazil. RESULTS The PCR detection limit for Bt11 was 10 g kg(-1) and for nested PCR of Bt176 it was 1 g kg(-1). All Brazilian samples analyzed showed no positive signal for these GM maize events. CONCLUSION Bt11 and Bt176 GM maize lines were not detected by specific PCR in 81 maize-derived food samples sold in Brazil from 2005 to 2007, before the commercial release of GM maize in Brazil. These Brazilian food industries were in compliance with the rules stipulated by the current legislation with respect to consumer requirements about GMO labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Z Dinon
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88034-001 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA-GMO-UK-2007-48) for the placing on the market of insect resistant and herbicide tolerant genetically modified maize MIR604 × GA21 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from. EFSA J 2010. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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45
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Scientific Opinion on application (Reference EFSA-GMO-UK-2007-50) for the placing on the market of insect resistant and herbicide tolerant genetically modified maize Bt11×MIR604, for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/. EFSA J 2010. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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46
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Scientific Opinion on application (Reference EFSA-GMO-UK-2008-56) for the placing on the market of insect resistant and herbicide tolerant genetically modified maize Bt11 × MIR604 × GA21, for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC). EFSA J 2010. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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47
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Monitoring the occurrence of genetically modified maize at a grain receiving port and along transportation routes in the Republic of Korea. Food Control 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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48
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Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2007‐39) for the placing on the market of insect resistant and herbicide tolerant genetically modified maize MON89034 × MON88017 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto. EFSA J 2010. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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49
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Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA‐GMO‐UK‐2007‐49) for the placing on the market of the insect resistant and herbicide tolerant genetically modified maize Bt11×GA21 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Syngenta Seeds. EFSA J 2009. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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