1
|
Thiruvalluvan M, Kaur BP, Singh A, Kumari S. Enhancement of the bioavailability of phenolic compounds from fruit and vegetable waste by liposomal nanocarriers. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:307-325. [PMID: 38222914 PMCID: PMC10786787 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are one of the most consumed and processed commodities globally and comprise abundant phenolic compounds, one of the main nutraceuticals in the food industry. Comparably elevated rates of these compounds are found in waste (peel, seeds, leaf, stem, etc.) in the food processing industry. They are being investigated for their potential use in functional foods. However, phenolic compounds' low bioavailability limits their application, which can be approached by loading the phenolic compounds into an encapsulation system such as liposomal carriers. This review aims to elucidate the recent trend in extracting phenolic compounds from the waste stream and the means to load them in stable liposomes. Furthermore, the application of these liposomes with only natural extracts in food matrices is also presented. Many studies have indicated that liposomes can be a proper candidate for encapsulating and delivering phenolic compounds and as a means to increase their bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manonmani Thiruvalluvan
- Department of Food Engineering, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana India
| | - Barjinder Pal Kaur
- Department of Food Engineering, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana India
| | - Anupama Singh
- Department of Food Engineering, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana India
| | - Sanjana Kumari
- Department of Food Engineering, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Collignon TE, Webber K, Piasecki J, Rahman ASW, Mondal A, Barbalho SM, Bishayee A. Avocado ( Persea americana Mill) and its phytoconstituents: potential for cancer prevention and intervention. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37830928 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2260474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Dietary compounds, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, and spices, have been shown to exhibit anticancer properties due to their high concentrations of vitamins, minerals, fiber, and secondary metabolites, known as phytochemicals. Although emerging studies suggest that avocado (Persea americana Mill) displays antineoplastic properties in addition to numerous other health benefits, current literature lacks an updated comprehensive systematic review dedicated to the anticancer effects of avocado. This review aims to explore the cancer-preventive effects of avocados and the underlying molecular mechanisms. The in vitro studies suggest the various avocado-derived products and phytochemicals induced cytotoxicity, reduced cell viability, and inhibited cell proliferation. The in vivo studies revealed reduction in tumor number, size, and volume as well. The clinical studies demonstrated that avocado leaf extract increased free oxygen radical formation in larynx carcinoma tissue. Various avocado products and phytochemicals from the avocado fruit, including avocatin-B, persin, and PaDef defensin, may serve as viable cancer prevention and treatment options based on current literature. Despite many favorable outcomes, past research has been limited in scope, and more extensive and mechanism-based in vivo and randomized clinical studies should be performed before avocado-derived bioactive phytochemicals can be developed as cancer preventive agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor E Collignon
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
| | - Kassidy Webber
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
| | - Josh Piasecki
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
| | - Austin S W Rahman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
| | - Arijit Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M.R. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Balisha, India
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yaowiwat N, Poomanee W, Leelapornpisid P, Chaiwut P. Utilization of Emulsion Inversion to Fabricate Tea ( Camellia sinensis L.) Flower Extract Obtained by Supercritical Fluid Extraction-Loaded Nanoemulsions. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:28090-28097. [PMID: 37576676 PMCID: PMC10413370 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to obtain tea flower extract (TFE) using supercritical fluid extraction, to determine the compounds present in the TFE and to establish its antioxidant activity. The fabrication of TFE nanoemulsions was also investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and UHPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS analysis showed that the TFE was composed of catechin and its derivatives, flavonols and anthocyanins, suggesting its potential as a free radical scavenger with strong reducing powers. A central composite design was applied to optimize the independent factors of the nanoemulsions. The factors had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on all response variables. The optimum level of factors for the fabrication was a surfactant-to-oil ratio of 2:1, a high hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) surfactant to low HLB surfactant ratio (HLR) of 1.6:1, and a PEG-40/PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil ratio of 2:1. The responses obtained from the optimum levels were a 34.01 nm droplet size, a polydispersity index of 0.15, and 75.85% entrapment efficiency. In conclusion, TFE could be an antioxidant active ingredient and has been successfully loaded into nanoemulsions using RSM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nara Yaowiwat
- School
of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Green
Cosmetic Technology Research Group, School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Worrapan Poomanee
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pimporn Leelapornpisid
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Phanuphong Chaiwut
- School
of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Green
Cosmetic Technology Research Group, School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vieira IRS, Tessaro L, Lima AKO, Velloso IPS, Conte-Junior CA. Recent Progress in Nanotechnology Improving the Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols for Cancer. Nutrients 2023; 15:3136. [PMID: 37513554 PMCID: PMC10384266 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols derived from fruits, vegetables, and plants are bioactive compounds potentially beneficial to human health. Notably, compounds such as quercetin, curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and resveratrol have been highlighted as antiproliferative agents for cancer. Due to their low solubility and limited bioavailability, some alternative nanotechnologies have been applied to encapsulate these compounds, aiming to improve their efficacy against cancer. In this comprehensive review, we evaluate the main nanotechnology approaches to improve the therapeutic potential of polyphenols against cancer using in vitro studies and in vivo preclinical models, highlighting recent advancements in the field. It was found that polymeric nanomaterials, lipid-based nanomaterials, inorganic nanomaterials, and carbon-based nanomaterials are the most used classes of nanocarriers for encapsulating polyphenols. These delivery systems exhibit enhanced antitumor activity and pro-apoptotic effects, particularly against breast, lung, prostate, cervical, and colorectal cancer cells, surpassing the performance of free bioactive compounds. Preclinical trials in xenograft animal models have revealed decreased tumor growth after treatment with polyphenol-loaded delivery systems. Moreover, the interaction of polyphenol co-delivery systems and polyphenol-drug delivery systems is a promising approach to increase anticancer activity and decrease chemotherapy side effects. These innovative approaches hold significant implications for the advancement of clinical cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Italo Rennan Sousa Vieira
- Analytical and Molecular Laboratorial Center (CLAn), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Bio-Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leticia Tessaro
- Analytical and Molecular Laboratorial Center (CLAn), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Bio-Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alan Kelbis Oliveira Lima
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Biology (IB), Department of Genetics and Morphology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Isabela Portella Silva Velloso
- Analytical and Molecular Laboratorial Center (CLAn), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Bio-Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Analytical and Molecular Laboratorial Center (CLAn), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Bio-Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Razola-Díaz MDC, Verardo V, Guerra-Hernández EJ, García-Villanova Ruiz B, Gómez-Caravaca AM. Response Surface Methodology for the Optimization of Flavan-3-ols Extraction from Avocado By-Products via Sonotrode Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1409. [PMID: 37507948 PMCID: PMC10376872 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Avocado peel and seed are the main by-products of avocado processing and are considered as promising sources of phenolic compounds with biological activities. Thus, this research focuses on the establishment, for the first time, of ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavan-3-ols with high antioxidant activity from avocado peel and seed using a sonotrode. Indeed, 2 Box-Behnken designs were performed for 15 experiments, with each design having three independent factors (ratio ethanol/water (v/v), time (min) and amplitude (%)). In both models, the responses included total procyanidins (flavan-3-ols) measured via HPLC-FLD and antioxidant activity measured via DPPH, ABTS and FRAP. The results showed that applying the sonotrode extraction method could increase flavan-3-ols recovery by 54% and antioxidant activity by 62-76% compared to ultrasound bath technology. Therefore, this technology was demonstrated to be a non-thermal, low time-consuming and scalable method that allowed the recovery of flavan-3-ols from avocado by-products that could be used as functional ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Del Carmen Razola-Díaz
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology 'José Mataix', Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Vito Verardo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology 'José Mataix', Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana María Gómez-Caravaca
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology 'José Mataix', Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu HR, Chen BH. Analysis of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids in Rabbiteye Blueberry Leaves by UPLC-MS/MS and Preparation of Nanoemulsions and Extracts for Improving Antiaging Effects in Mice. Foods 2023; 12:foods12101942. [PMID: 37238760 DOI: 10.3390/foods12101942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabbiteye blueberry leaves, a waste produced after harvest of blueberry, are rich in polyphenols. This study aims to analyze phenolic acids and flavonoids in blueberry leaves by UPLC-MS/MS and prepare nanoemulsions for determining anti-aging activity in mice. Overall, 30% ethanol was the most suitable extraction solvent for total phenolic acids and total flavonoids. A total of four phenolic acids and four flavonoids were separated within seven minutes for further identification and quantitation by UPLC-MS/MS in selective reaction monitoring (SRM) mode, with 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid being present in the highest amount (6474.2 μg/g), followed by quercetin-3-O-galactoside (1943.9 μg/g), quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (1036.6 μg/g), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (867.2 μg/g), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (815.8 μg/g), kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (309.7 μg/g), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (195.3 μg/g), and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (60.8 μg/g). The blueberry nanoemulsion was prepared by using an appropriate ratio of soybean oil, Tween 80, glycerol, ethanol, and water at 1.2%, 8%, 2%, 2%, and 86.8%, respectively, and mixing with dried blueberry extract, with the mean particle size and zeta potential being 16 nm and -54 mV, respectively. A high stability was observed during storage of nanoemulsion for 90 days at 4 °C and heated at 100 °C for 2 h. An animal study revealed that this nanoemulsion could elevate dopamine content in mice brain as well as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities in mice liver while reducing the contents of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl in mice brains. Collectively, the high-dose nanoemulsion possessed the highest efficiency in improving mice aging with a promising potential for development into a health food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Rong Yu
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Huei Chen
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Recent Advances in Health Benefits of Bioactive Compounds from Food Wastes and By-Products: Biochemical Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032019. [PMID: 36768340 PMCID: PMC9916361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds, including terpenoids, polyphenols, alkaloids and other nitrogen-containing constituents, exert various beneficial effects arising from their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds can be found in vegetables, fruits, grains, spices and their derived foods and beverages such as tea, olive oil, fruit juices, wine, chocolate and beer. Agricultural production and the food supply chain are major sources of food wastes, which can become resources, as they are rich in bioactive compounds. The aim of this review is to highlight recent articles demonstrating the numerous potential uses of products and by-products of the agro-food supply chain, which can have various applications.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kang Z, Chen S, Zhou Y, Ullah S, Liang H. Rational construction of citrus essential oil nanoemulsion with robust stability and high antimicrobial activity based on combination of emulsifiers. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
9
|
Phenolic-rich feijoa extracts from flesh, peel and whole fruit activate apoptosis pathways in the LNCaP cell line. Food Chem 2022; 383:132285. [PMID: 35168051 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the potential anticancer activity of phenolic-rich feijoa extracts from the flesh, peel, and whole fruit on the human prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP). Results showed that feijoa extracts had cancer-specific anti-proliferative activity on the LNCaP cell line. The anticancer activity of feijoa extracts was shown through activation of the caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway based on the increase of sub-G1 phase in the cell cycle, the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as the elevated caspase 3, 8, and 9 activity in the treated LNCaP cells. The anti-cancer activity of feijoa extracts could be attributed to the high total phenolic contents (0.14-0.37 mg GAE/mg dw) and, in particular, the high ellagic acid content (2.662-9.119 μg/mg dw). The successful activation of the caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway indicates that phenolic-rich feijoa extracts have a good potential to be utilized as a functional ingredient in foods and nutraceuticals.
Collapse
|
10
|
Bonilla-Loaiza AM, Váquiro-Herrera HA, Solanilla-Duque JF. Physicochemical and bioactive properties of avocado ( Persea americana Mill. cv. Lorena). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2021-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chemical compounds are of great importance in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Nutritional components, the presence of secondary metabolites with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, and physicochemical properties of pulp, seed and peel of Lorena avocado cultivars were studied. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by ABTS, DPPH and lipid peroxidation in pulp, seed and peel. 26 extracts was evaluated. The results confirmed that the fruit parts stabilize free radicals and inhibit lipid oxidation processes, with the highest values in seed and peel, due to their content of flavonoids, o-diphenols and phenols. The results of phytochemical screening, antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity, showed significant bioprospective advantage for the presence of flavonoids, condensed tannins and total phenols in the seed, peel and pulp of Lorena avocado cultivars. Avocado fruits are rich in bioactive compounds that can be used in functional food applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Marcela Bonilla-Loaiza
- Grupo de Investigación Centro de Desarrollo Agroindustrial del Tolima (CEDAGRITOL), Facultad Ingeniería Agronómica , Universidad del Tolima , Ibagué , Colombia
| | - Henry Alexander Váquiro-Herrera
- Grupo de Investigación Centro de Desarrollo Agroindustrial del Tolima (CEDAGRITOL), Facultad Ingeniería Agronómica , Universidad del Tolima , Ibagué , Colombia
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Velderrain-Rodríguez GR, Quero J, Osada J, Martín-Belloso O, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ. Phenolic-Rich Extracts from Avocado Fruit Residues as Functional Food Ingredients with Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Properties. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070977. [PMID: 34356601 PMCID: PMC8301936 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the total phenolic compounds content and profile, the nutritional value, the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of avocado peel, seed coat, and seed extracts were characterized. Additionally, an in-silico analysis was performed to identify the phenolic compounds with the highest intestinal absorption and Caco-2 permeability. The avocado peel extract possessed the highest content of phenolic compounds (309.95 ± 25.33 mMol GA/100 g of extract) and the lowest effective concentration (EC50) against DPPH and ABTS radicals (72.64 ± 10.70 and 181.68 ± 18.47, respectively). On the other hand, the peel and seed coat extracts had the lowest energy densities (226.06 ± 0.06 kcal/100 g and 219.62 ± 0.49 kcal/100 g, respectively). Regarding the antiproliferative activity, the avocado peel extract (180 ± 40 µg/mL) showed the lowest inhibitory concentration (IC50), followed by the seed (200 ± 21 µg/mL) and seed coat (340 ± 32 µg/mL) extracts. The IC50 of the extracts induced apoptosis in Caco-2 cells at the early and late stages. According to the in-silico analysis, these results could be related to the higher Caco-2 permeability to hydroxysalidroside, salidroside, sakuranetin, and luteolin. Therefore, this study provides new insights regarding the potential use of these extracts as functional ingredients with antioxidant and antiproliferative properties and as medicinal agents in diseases related to oxidative stress such as cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo R. Velderrain-Rodríguez
- Agrotecnio Center, Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (G.R.V.-R.); (O.M.-B.)
| | - Javier Quero
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Forensic and Legal Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.Q.); (J.O.)
| | - Jesús Osada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Forensic and Legal Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.Q.); (J.O.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBERobn, ISCIII, IIS Aragón, IA2, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Martín-Belloso
- Agrotecnio Center, Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (G.R.V.-R.); (O.M.-B.)
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Yoldi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Forensic and Legal Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.Q.); (J.O.)
- CIBERobn, ISCIII, IIS Aragón, IA2, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-976-761649
| |
Collapse
|