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Kaczorek-Łukowska E, Sowińska P, Franaszek A, Dziewulska D, Małaczewska J, Stenzel T. Can domestic pigeon be a potential carrier of zoonotic Salmonella? Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:2321-2333. [PMID: 33091215 PMCID: PMC8359358 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Salmonellosis is one of the most important bacterial diseases in pigeons. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in domestic pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica) in Poland, its antimicrobial susceptibility (both phenotypic and genotypic), and its capability for biofilm formation. The presence of selected virulence genes, nucleotide homology of selected genes, and susceptibility to bacteriophages were investigated as well. From the 585 pigeons tested, 5.47% turned out positive. All isolated strains were recognized as Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium. The asymptomatic pigeons were carriers of 37.5% of the isolates. The dominant variants were as follows: 1,4,[5],12,:i:1,2 (53.13%) and 1,4,[5],12,:‐:‐ (31.25%). Most of the strains analysed showed the ability to produce biofilm after 24 and 48 hr of incubation (59.38% and 53.13%, respectively). Over 90% of the strains were confirmed for lpfA, agafA, invA, sivH, and avrA virulence genes. Also, of the thirteen antimicrobial susceptibility genes, the following were confirmed: sul1, tet(A), blaTEM‐1, floR, strA, and strB. The most common were the strB (18%) and tet(A) (12%) genes that are responsible for coding resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracyclines, respectively. Most of the strains were phenotypically resistant to oxytetracycline (46.88%), neomycin (53.13%) and tylosin (100%). The susceptibility of the investigated Salmonella strains to the bacteriophages was between 33% and 100%. MLST, PCR MP and ERIC PCR analyses indicated a very high genetic similarity of the investigated strains (over 99%). Results of our study indicate that Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium is still an important agent in domestic pigeons and that its antimicrobial resistance increases. Alarming is also the confirmation of a single‐phase variant 1,4,[5],12:i,‐, which could have increased virulence and multi‐drug resistance encoded on the plasmid. Most importantly, however, such strains have been isolated from humans with clinical symptoms of Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Kaczorek-Łukowska
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | | | - Daria Dziewulska
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Małaczewska
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stenzel
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, PFGE and MLST characterization of Salmonella in swine mesenteric lymph nodes. Prev Vet Med 2020; 179:105024. [PMID: 32417637 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated 250 animals from 25 different processing lots, processed in four slaughterhouses in São Paulo state, Brazil for the presence of Salmonella in the mesenteric lymph nodes (10 g sample of each animal) and characterized the antibiotics resistance profile, the Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis - PFGE and Multi Locus Sequence Typing - MLST profiles of selected strains. The pathogen was present in 36.4% (n = 91, CL 95% 30.4-43.4) of samples and 72% (n = 18, CL 95% 50.6-87.9%) of the analyzed lots. The main serovars were S. Typhimurium (n = 23), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica 1.4,5,12:i:- (n = 17), followed by S. Infantis (n = 12) and S. Havana (n = 11). Twenty-eight strains (30%) were classified as other serovars. Sixty-eight percent of the strains were resistant to Streptomycin and tetracycline, followed by ampicillin and sulphonamides (62.6%), chloramphenicol (56.0%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (41.8%) and nalidixic acid (40.7%). The antibiotics with lower resistance rates were cephalothin and aztreonam (both with 3.3% resistant), and ceftriaxone and cefepime (both with 7.7%). Multidrug-resistant strains (MDR) accounted for 70.3% of the isolates. Eight strains were submitted to MLST: four S. Typhimurium and one S.1.4,5,12:i:-, all belonging to the ST 19, two Salmonella Infantis, belonging to the ST 32 and one S. Derby, belonging to ST 40. Twenty-one isolates with different antibiotics resistance profiles from the most prevalent serovars were selected for PFGE analysis. Serovar S. Typhimurium (n = 11) revealed 4 pulsotypes and 1 cluster and S. 1.4,5,12:i:- (n = 10) revealed 5 pulsotypes and 4 clusters. The high prevalence of the pathogen, with its high rates of antibiotics resistance and belonging to genetic groups that are often associated with disease in humans, shows that the production chain of pork is a potential source of infection in salmonellosis cases. Therefore, effective preventive measures for pathogen control are needed to reduce the risk of foodborne diseases.
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Souza MN, Lehmann FKM, De Carli S, Kipper D, Fonseca ASK, Ikuta N, Lunge VR. Molecular detection of Salmonella serovars Enteritidis, Heidelberg and Typhimurium directly from pre-enriched poultry samples. Br Poult Sci 2019; 60:388-394. [PMID: 31066296 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2019.1614525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
1. Salmonella is one of the most important pathogens in public health and it is usually associated with food-borne diseases. Salmonella serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium are widespread in the world with outbreaks frequently associated with consumption of poultry products; furthermore, there is an increasing public health concern with the wide dissemination of the serovar Heidelberg in poultry flocks. 2. The aim of the experiment was to develop and to validate rapid methods to detect Salmonella serovars Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Heidelberg by real-time PCRs and test isolates from pre-enriched poultry samples. 3. Three real-time PCRs were developed and used in combination to detect the serovars Enteritidis, Typhimurium and Heidelberg. These assays were validated by the analysis of 126 Salmonella isolates, eight other enteric bacterial species and 34 naturally contaminated poultry samples after pre-enrichment with buffered peptone water (BPW). 4. Real-time PCRs detected the isolates of the most important poultry serovars (Enteritidis, Typhimurium and Heidelberg) with 100% inclusivity and exclusivity in each assay. The PCR identified monophasic variants of the serovars Typhimurium and Heidelberg. All PCRs were validated in detecting these specific serovars directly from pre-enriched poultry samples. The whole analytical procedure was performed in less than 24 h in a veterinary diagnostic laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Souza
- a Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular , Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) , Canoas , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - F K M Lehmann
- a Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular , Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) , Canoas , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - S De Carli
- a Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular , Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) , Canoas , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - D Kipper
- a Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular , Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) , Canoas , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - A S K Fonseca
- b Simbios Biotecnologia , Cachoeirinha , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - N Ikuta
- a Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular , Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) , Canoas , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.,b Simbios Biotecnologia , Cachoeirinha , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - V R Lunge
- a Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular , Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) , Canoas , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.,b Simbios Biotecnologia , Cachoeirinha , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
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4
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Cevallos-Almeida M, Martin L, Houdayer C, Rose V, Guionnet JM, Paboeuf F, Denis M, Kerouanton A. Experimental infection of pigs by Salmonella Derby, S. Typhimurium and monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium: Comparison of colonization and serology. Vet Microbiol 2019; 231:147-153. [PMID: 30955802 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella serovars Derby, Typhimurium and the monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium are the most frequently isolated serovars in pigs in France. To compare the excretion patterns, seroconversion to Salmonella and contamination of the organs of pigs inoculated with strains of all three serovars, we conducted an experimental trial with 28 SPF piglets. Four were used as a negative control, while the other 24 were divided equally into three groups. Each group was inoculated at 7 weeks of age with a different strain: S. Derby (SDb), S. Typhimurium (ST), and the monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium (mST). Fecal and blood samples were collected twice a week up until necropsy, on 21 days post-inoculation (DPI) for half of each group and 49 DPI for the remaining piglets. During necropsy, the tonsils, mesenteric lymph nodes and various intestinal contents were collected from each pig. Salmonella bacteria were quantified in CFU/g by a bacteriological method, and levels of Salmonella antibodies were measured using an ELISA Kit. Piglets inoculated with mST continuously excreted Salmonella in their feces throughout the trial. For each of the other serovars, one piglet was Salmonella-negative on one DPI. The quantity of Salmonella excreted was statistically different between the group inoculated with ST and mST (p < 0.05), but no differences were found between the other serovars. The tonsils, cecum and jejunum were the most contaminated organs in all groups. Seroconversion for all the piglets was completed by different DPI: 28 for ST, 31 for mST and 38 for SDb. No major differences were found in terms of excretion and colonization among the studied serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cevallos-Almeida
- ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Laure Martin
- ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Catherine Houdayer
- ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Valerie Rose
- ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Jean-Marie Guionnet
- ANSES, SPF Pig Production and Experimental Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Frédéric Paboeuf
- ANSES, SPF Pig Production and Experimental Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Martine Denis
- ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Annaëlle Kerouanton
- ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France.
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Cevallos-Almeida M, Houdayer C, Rose V, Bailly Y, Paboeuf F, Fablet C, Denis M, Kerouanton A. Colonization of Pigs Experimentally Infected with a Monophasic Variant of Salmonella Typhimurium. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:576-582. [PMID: 30010414 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium is highly prevalent in human and in pork. However, little is known about colonization dynamics and serology in pigs. We orally inoculated 24 seven-week-old piglets with 109 CFU/pig of a porcine strain of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium in an experimental trial. Three groups of eight piglets were orally inoculated and monitored for 21, 49, or 84 days post-inoculation until necropsied. From 3 days post-inoculation to necropsy, individual feces were sampled twice weekly and blood once weekly. At necropsy, the tonsils, mesenteric lymph nodes, and the contents of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecum were collected from each pig. We determined the number of CFU/g in all the samples and measured also Salmonella antibodies in OD% in all blood samples. At different times during the trial, we tested by MLVA (Multilocus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis) the genomic stability of the strain after passing through the intestinal tract. Salmonella was continuously excreted by pigs, ranging from 1.4 to 5.8 log10 CFU/g. At necropsy, Salmonella was present in all samples, but the tonsils were particularly infected. Salmonella antibodies were detected in five pigs 7 days post-inoculation. At 49 days post-inoculation, all the pigs were seropositive. We observed new MLVA types for 3.3% of the isolates tested over the trial. Our study allowed us to show the serovar's ability to persist in pigs after infection up to 84 days post-inoculation. We demonstrated that Salmonella seroconversion appeared earlier than in naturally infected pigs and that the strain's genome can evolve after passing through the digestive tract of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cevallos-Almeida
- 1 ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne Loire University , Ploufragan, France .,2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Central University of Ecuador , Quito, Ecuador
| | - Catherine Houdayer
- 1 ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne Loire University , Ploufragan, France
| | - Valérie Rose
- 1 ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne Loire University , Ploufragan, France
| | - Yann Bailly
- 3 ANSES, SPF Pig Production and Experimental Unit, Bretagne Loire University , Ploufragan, France
| | - Frédéric Paboeuf
- 3 ANSES, SPF Pig Production and Experimental Unit, Bretagne Loire University , Ploufragan, France
| | - Christelle Fablet
- 4 ANSES, Swine Epidemiology and Welfare Research Unit, Bretagne Loire University , Ploufragan, France
| | - Martine Denis
- 1 ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne Loire University , Ploufragan, France
| | - Annaëlle Kerouanton
- 1 ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne Loire University , Ploufragan, France
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Characterization of Salmonella isolated from apparently healthy slaughtered cattle and retail beef in Hawassa, southern Ethiopia. Prev Vet Med 2017; 147:11-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Molecular detection assay of five Salmonella serotypes of public interest: Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Newport, Heidelberg, and Hadar. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 134:14-20. [PMID: 27993596 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne illnesses due to Salmonella represent an important public-health concern worldwide. In the United States, a majority of Salmonella infections are associated with a small number of serotypes. Furthermore, some serotypes that are overrepresented among human disease are also associated with multi-drug resistance phenotypes. Rapid detection of serotypes of public-health concern might help reduce the burden of salmonellosis cases and limit exposure to multi-drug resistant Salmonella. We developed a two-step real-time PCR-based rapid method for the identification and detection of five Salmonella serotypes that are either overrepresented in human disease or frequently associated with multi-drug resistance, including serotypes Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Newport, Hadar, and Heidelberg. Two sets of four markers were developed to detect and differentiate the five serotypes. The first set of markers was developed as a screening step to detect the five serotypes; whereas, the second set was used to further distinguish serotypes Heidelberg, Newport and Hadar. The utilization of these markers on a two-step investigation strategy provides a diagnostic specificity of 97% for the detection of Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Heidelberg, Infantis, Newport and Hadar. The diagnostic sensitivity of the detection makers is >96%. The availability of this two-step rapid method will facilitate specific detection of Salmonella serotypes that contribute to a significant proportion of human disease and carry antimicrobial resistance.
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8
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Identification of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and variants using a novel multiplex PCR assay. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Survival characteristics of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium 4,[5],12:i:- strains derived from pig feed ingredients and compound feed. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Salmonella occurrence and Enterobacteriaceae counts in pig feed ingredients and compound feed from feed mills in Ireland. Prev Vet Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Barco L, Longo A, Lettini AA, Cortini E, Saccardin C, Minorello C, Olsen JE, Ricci A. Molecular characterization of "inconsistent" variants of Salmonella Typhimurium isolated in Italy. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:497-9. [PMID: 24666380 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- is a variant of Salmonella Typhimurium, which lacks the expression of phase-2 flagellar antigen, generally associated with the deletion of the fljB gene. Additional mechanisms involving the fljAB operon ( fljA, fljB, and hin genes) lead to the lack of expression of phase-2 flagellar antigens also in Salmonella strains harboring the fljB gene. For 20 S. 4,[5],12:i:- strains, defined as "inconsistent" Salmonella Typhimurium variants since they had phenotypically behaved as monophasic, even though the fljB gene was conserved, the fljAB operon was characterized in order to explain the ineffective expression of the phase-2 flagellar antigen. The monophasic phenotype for a first group of strains (9) was likely due to the absence of the hin gene, leading to the inhibited switch between the expression of phase-1 and phase-2 flagellar genes. For a second group of strains (5), the monophasic phenotype could be attributed to nonconservative point mutations identified in fljA and hin genes, which could hamper the proper expression of invertase gene and the fljA, acting as repressor of the phase-1 flagellar gene. Finally, for a last group of inconsistent strains (6), a plausible reason for their monophasic phenotype was not found, since the genes involved in the expression of phase-2 flagellar antigen were fully conserved. Moreover, the collection of inconsistent Salmonella Typhimurium isolates investigated were characterized by distinct molecular profiles, as demonstrated by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis, and phenotype variability, as demonstrated by phage-typing. This study highlights the usefulness of investigating the entire fljAB operon when a definitive identification of the monophasic or biphasic status of Salmonella Typhimurium strains is needed (for instance, in the context of epidemiological investigations aimed to identify the relatedness among strains).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Barco
- 1 World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
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12
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García P, Hopkins KL, García V, Beutlich J, Mendoza MC, Threlfall J, Mevius D, Helmuth R, Rodicio MR, Guerra B. Diversity of plasmids encoding virulence and resistance functions in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i:- strains circulating in Europe. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89635. [PMID: 24586926 PMCID: PMC3935914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmids encoding resistance and virulence properties in multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica (S.) serovar Typhimurium monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i:- isolates recovered from pigs and humans (2006-2008) in Europe were characterised. The isolates were selected based on the detection by PCR-amplification of S. Typhimurium virulence plasmid pSLT genes and were analysed by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). The resistance genes present in the isolates and the association of these genes with integrons, transposons and insertion sequences were characterised by PCR-sequencing, and their plasmid location was determined by alkaline lysis and by S1-nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) Southern-blot hybridisation. Plasmids were further analysed by replicon typing, plasmid MLST and conjugation experiments. The 10 S. 4,[5],12,i:- selected isolates belonged to ST19. Each isolate carried a large plasmid in which MDR with pSLT-associated virulence genes were located. After analysis, eight different plasmids of three incompatibility groups (IncA/C, IncR and IncF) were detected. Two IncA/C plasmids represented novel variants within the plasmid family of the S. 4,[5],12:i:- Spanish clone, and carried an empty class 1 integron with a conventional qacEΔ1-sul1 3′ conserved segment or an In-sul3 type III with estX-psp-aadA2-cmlA1-aadA1-qacH variable region linked to tnpA440-sul3, part of Tn2, Tn21 and Tn1721 transposons, and ISCR2. Four newly described IncR plasmids contained the resistance genes within In-sul3 type I (dfrA12-orfF-aadA2-cmlA1-aadA1-qacH/tnpA440-sul3) and part of Tn10 [tet(B)]. Two pSLT-derivatives with FIIs-ST1+FIB-ST17 replicons carried cmlA1-[aadA1-aadA2]-sul3-dfrA12 and blaTEM-1 genes linked to an In-sul3 type I integron and to Tn2, respectively. In conclusion, three emerging European clones of S. 4,[5],12:i:- harboured MDR plasmids encoding additional virulence functions that could contribute significantly to their evolutionary success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia García
- Department of Functional Biology, Area of Microbiology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Katie L. Hopkins
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, Public Health England (PHE), London, United Kingdom
| | - Vanesa García
- Department of Functional Biology, Area of Microbiology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Janine Beutlich
- Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Carmen Mendoza
- Department of Functional Biology, Area of Microbiology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - John Threlfall
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, Public Health England (PHE), London, United Kingdom
| | - Dik Mevius
- Department of Bacteriology and TSEs, Central Veterinary Institute (CVI), Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Reiner Helmuth
- Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Rosario Rodicio
- Department of Functional Biology, Area of Microbiology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Beatriz Guerra
- Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Zając M, Hoszowski A, Wasyl D. Identification of common, non-typable and autoagglutinating Salmonella strains with Premi®Test Salmonella assay. Acta Vet Hung 2013; 61:425-31. [PMID: 23974934 DOI: 10.1556/avet.2013.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Since Salmonella serotyping according to the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme fails to identify rough and atypical serological variants, this study aimed at improving serovar identification with the commercially available Premi®Test Salmonella Assay. The array was validated against a set of Salmonella reference strains (n = 27) and field isolates of known serological structure (n = 112) showing up to 97.8% congruent results. Its diagnostic suitability was further verified with random field isolates (n = 52; 100% congruence). For 'rough' isolates (n = 54) and those with antigen expression failure (n = 19) the assay showed, respectively, 98.1% and 73.7% of serovar recognition. It considerably improved diagnostic capacity while typing troublesome isolates such as those failing to express flagellar antigens or showing autoagglutination. The method offers lower labour time compared to the traditional serotyping and does not require a broad range of diagnostic sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zając
- 1 National Veterinary Research Institute Department of Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis Partyzantów 57 24-100 Puławy Poland
| | - Andrzej Hoszowski
- 1 National Veterinary Research Institute Department of Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis Partyzantów 57 24-100 Puławy Poland
| | - Dariusz Wasyl
- 1 National Veterinary Research Institute Department of Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis Partyzantów 57 24-100 Puławy Poland
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14
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Prendergast DM, Hand D, Nί Ghallchóir E, McCabe E, Fanning S, Griffin M, Egan J, Gutierrez M. A multiplex real-time PCR assay for the identification and differentiation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and monophasic serovar 4,[5],12:i:–. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 166:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Bugarel M, Vignaud ML, Moury F, Fach P, Brisabois A. Molecular identification in monophasic and nonmotile variants of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Microbiologyopen 2012; 1:481-9. [PMID: 23233427 PMCID: PMC3535392 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Variant strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, lacking one or both flagellar phases have been widely reported. The monophasic S.1,4,[5],12:i:- variant has emerged worldwide in the past few years and has become one of the most frequently encountered in many countries. In contrast, monophasic S.1,4,[5],12:-:1,2 and nonmotile S.1,4,[5],12:-:- strains are rarely described. This study investigated seven molecular markers to identify and delineate monophasic S.1,4,[5],12:i:- (n = 90), S.1,4,[5],12:-:1,2 (n = 25), nonmotile S.1,4,[5],12:-:- (n = 17) strains, and some serovar Typhimurium strains (n = 124) collected through the French Salmonella network between 2001 and 2010. Three markers were commonly detected in serovar Typhimurium and in all variant strains: STM2757, mdh and fliA-B. Monophasic S.1,4,[5],12:i:- were genotypically confirmed by the absence of the fljB, fljA, and hin genes. Nevertheless, 13 (14.5%) of them were positive for these last three genes, revealing monophasic strains named "inconsistent" as previously described. All nonmotile 1,4,[5],12:-:- strains had the fliC, fljA, fljB, and hin genes and the fliC gene was detected in 88% of monophasic S.1,4,[5],12:-:1,2 strains. The combination of the seven markers detection enables to recognize eight different genotypes within the S.1,4,[5],12:i:- collection, among which the Spanish and the U.S. clones previously described could be distinguished and assigned to a genotype. Based on this molecular approach, 71% of the French S.1,4,[5],12:i:- collection belonged to the Spanish clone, whereas only 2% were assigned to the U.S. clone. This study highlights the usefulness of these molecular markers and genotypes for identifying lineages, especially among the epidemiologically important monophasic S.1,4,[5],12:i:- variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bugarel
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Health (ANSES), Laboratory for Food Safety, 23 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94706, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Wasyl D, Hoszowski A. Occurrence and Characterization of Monophasic Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium (1,4,[5],12:i:-) of Non-human Origin in Poland. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:1037-43. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Wasyl
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Puławy, Poland
| | - Andrzej Hoszowski
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Puławy, Poland
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de Souza Sant'Ana A. Introduction to the Special Issue: Salmonella in foods: Evolution, strategies and challenges. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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