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Sgadari F, Vaglica A, Porrello A, Schicchi R, Bruno M. Chemical composition of the essential oils of three taxa of Cytisus growing wild in Sicily, Italy. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37882439 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2273917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The genus Cytisus is native Canary Islands, Europe to Mediterranean, Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia and several species of the genus are used in folk medicine of different countries. In this work the chemical composition of the essential oils from the aerial parts of three taxa of this genus growing wild in Sicily, Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link, C. villosus Pourr. and C. aeolicus Guss., has been investigated. No one report has been published on the Sicilian accession of the former two species, and, at the best of our knowledge, C. aeolicus is devoid of any chemical investigation. Cytisus scoparius and C. aeolicus essential oils have similar composition characterised by the occurrence of almost the same amount of compounds belonging to "other" class (59.5-52.0%) and carbonyl compounds (22.2-19.6%). Cytisus villosus showed a different composition with hydrocarbons as the main class (52.0%), totally absent in the other two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sgadari
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vaglica
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Porrello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Schicchi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Riutilizzo bio-based degli scarti da matrici agroalimentari" (RIVIVE), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Geraci A, Schicchi R, Sgadari F, Badalamenti N, Bruno M. The essential oil compositions of three Sicilian accessions of Viscum album L. growing on three different host trees. Nat Prod Res 2022:1-5. [PMID: 35357239 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2058940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Viscum album L., (Common Mistletoe), is a hemiparasitic shrub that lives on a wide range of woody plant species, known since Neolithic period for its ritual and for pharmacological properties. Up to now, no investigation has been reported on the chemical composition of the essential oils of V. album aerial parts in relation with the diverse host trees. Consequently, the essential oils compositions of three Sicilian accession of V. album, growing on Quercus suber L., Crataegus monogyna Jacq. and Olea europaea L. var. europaea cv. 'Santagatese', respectively, were evaluated by GC-MS. The three populations showed quite different profiles indicating that the nature of the host considerably influences the chemical composition of the guest plant, V. album.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Geraci
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Schicchi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Sgadari
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Natale Badalamenti
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Riutilizzo bio-based degli scarti da matrici agroalimentari" (RIVIVE), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Loizzo MR, Tundis R, Leporini M, D'Urso G, Gagliano Candela R, Falco T, Piacente S, Bruno M, Sottile F. Almond ( Prunus dulcis cv. Casteltermini) Skin Confectionery By-Products: New Opportunity for the Development of a Functional Blackberry ( Rubus ulmifolius Schott) Jam. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1218. [PMID: 34439465 PMCID: PMC8388876 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work proposes for the first time a model for reusing almond (Prunus dulcis cv. Casteltermini from Sicily, Southern Italy) skin to formulate a new functional blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius Schott) jam. For this purpose, blackberries were analysed fresh and as jam, traditionally prepared with a minimum fruit amount of 80%. Different percentages of almond skin (20, 15, and 10% w/w) were added to jam. The phytochemical profile of enriched jam was investigated by LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS analyses. Anthocyanins, hydrolysable tannins, and triterpenoids were identified in a blackberry extract, while proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, and oxylipins were identified in an almond extract. The n-hexane extract of P. dulcis skin, investigated by GC-MS, evidenced linoleic, palmitic, and oleic acids as the main abundant compounds. Samples were investigated for their antioxidant activity using DPPH, ABTS, β-carotene, and FRAP tests. The hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effects were studied by α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase inhibitory assays. In order to evaluate the effect of thermal process on enriched jam bioactivity, pasteurisation was applied. An increase in activities for all samples was observed, in particular for jam enriched with 20% w/w of almond skin. Based on obtained data, and supported by sensory analysis, we propose enriched jam as a promising source of compounds useful for preventing diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Leporini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Gilda D'Urso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Rossella Gagliano Candela
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Tiziana Falco
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Bio-Based Reuse of Waste from Agri-Food Matrices" (RIVIVE), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Sottile
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Bio-Based Reuse of Waste from Agri-Food Matrices" (RIVIVE), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Architecture, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Characterization of Nutritional Quality Traits of a Common Bean Germplasm Collection. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071572. [PMID: 34359442 PMCID: PMC8306501 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Food legumes are at the crossroads of many societal challenges that involve agriculture, such as climate change and food sustainability and security. In this context, pulses have a crucial role in the development of plant-based diets, as they represent a very good source of nutritional components and improve soil fertility, such as by nitrogen fixation through symbiosis with rhizobia. The main contribution to promotion of food legumes in agroecosystems will come from plant breeding, which is guaranteed by the availability of well-characterized genetic resources. Here, we analyze seeds of 25 American and European common bean purified accessions (i.e., lines of single seed descent) for different morphological and compositional quality traits. Significant differences among the accessions and superior genotypes for important nutritional traits are identified, with some lines showing extreme values for more than one trait. Heritability estimates indicate the importance of considering the effects of environmental growth conditions on seed compositional traits. They suggest the need for more phenotypic characterization in different environments over different years to better characterize combined effects of environment and genotype on nutritional trait variations. Finally, adaptation following the introduction and spread of common bean in Europe seems to have affected its nutritional profile. This finding further suggests the relevance of evolutionary studies to guide breeders in the choice of plant genetic resources.
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The Monumental Olive Trees as Biocultural Heritage of Mediterranean Landscapes: The Case Study of Sicily. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13126767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Monumental olive trees, with their longevity and their remarkable size, represent an important information source for the comprehension of the territory where they grow and the human societies that have kept them through time. Across the centuries, olive trees are the only cultivated plants that tell the story of Mediterranean landscapes. The same as stone monuments, these green monuments represent a real Mediterranean natural and cultural heritage. The aim of this paper is to discuss the value of monumental trees as “biocultural heritage” elements and the role they play in the interpretation of the historical stratification of the landscape. We present the results of a survey of the most significant olive trees growing in Sicily. The selection was based on the “monumentality” aspects of trees, taking into account dendrometric parameters and environmental contexts. The collected dataset constitutes a heterogeneous sample of 367 specimens of considerable size that, in some cases, reach a circumference of about 19 m. Starting from the data presented here, the whole Sicilian territory shows a historical relationship between human and olive. The presence of these plant monuments is, therefore, evidence of long-term, often centennial, landscapes as a result of sustainable use of the territory.
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Abbate L, Mercati F, Di Noto G, Heuertz M, Carimi F, Fatta del Bosco S, Schicchi R. Genetic Distinctiveness Highlights the Conservation Value of a Sicilian Manna Ash Germplasm Collection Assigned to Fraxinus angustifolia (Oleaceae). PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9081035. [PMID: 32824084 PMCID: PMC7463994 DOI: 10.3390/plants9081035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cosmopolitan genus Fraxinus comprises about 40 species occupying several habitats in the Northern Hemisphere. With some species hybridizing and sharing genetic variants, questions remain on the species assignment of germplasm within the genus Fraxinus despite numerous species-specific assessments. A multidisciplinary approach was employed to provide a definitive insight into the genetics of an endangered Fraxinus “manna ash” collection, located in a rich plant biodiversity hotspot of the Madonie Mountains (Sicily). Although the collection size was small, genetic diversity, assessed by chloroplast (cpSSR) and nuclear (nSSR) microsatellites (SSR—Simple Sequence Repeats), allowed identifying three different chloroplast haplotypes, with one (H5) dominant, and several polymorphic loci, able to discriminate most of the local accessions studied. Molecular data were linked to cytofluorimetric and phenotypic evaluations and, contrary to popular belief that manna ash is Fraxinus ornus L., the germplasm currently used for manna production belongs to Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. Interestingly, joint analysis of our genetic panel with a large European dataset of Fraxinus spp. suggested the presence of a possible glacial refuge in Sicily, confirming its importance as biodiversity source. Our results will be helpful for the design of long-term conservation programs for genetic resources, such as in situ and ex situ conservation, seed collection and tree reintroduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Abbate
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council, Corso Calatafimi 414, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (L.A.); (F.C.); (S.F.d.B.)
| | - Francesco Mercati
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council, Corso Calatafimi 414, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (L.A.); (F.C.); (S.F.d.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-6574578
| | - Giuseppe Di Noto
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 38, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.N.); (R.S.)
| | - Myriam Heuertz
- Institut National de Recherche Pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), Univ. Bordeaux, BIOGECO, 69 route d’Arcachon, F-33610 Cestas, France;
| | - Francesco Carimi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council, Corso Calatafimi 414, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (L.A.); (F.C.); (S.F.d.B.)
| | - Sergio Fatta del Bosco
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council, Corso Calatafimi 414, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (L.A.); (F.C.); (S.F.d.B.)
| | - Rosario Schicchi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 38, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.N.); (R.S.)
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Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hil.) Seeds Oil: Fatty Acids Profiling by GC-MS and NMR and Bioactivity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051037. [PMID: 32106610 PMCID: PMC7179218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analyses, the antioxidant activities evaluated by different in vitro assays namely 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), Ferric Reducing Ability Power (FRAP), and β-carotene bleaching tests, and the inhibitory effects of enzymes linked to obesity (lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase) of fixed seed oil of Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hil.). Fourteen compounds were identified. Linoleic acid (28.22%) was the most abundant followed by palmitic acid (19.56%). Malvalic acid (16.15%), sterculic acid (11.11%), and dihydrosterculic acid (2.74%) were also detected. C. speciosa fixed oil exerted a promising ABTS radicals scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 10.21 µg/mL, whereas an IC50 of 77.44 µg/mL against DPPH+ radicals was found. C. speciosa fixed oil inhibited lipase with an IC50 value of 127.57 µg/mL. The present investigation confirmed the functional properties of C. speciosa fixed oil, and proposes its use as valuable source of bioactive constituents.
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Spent espresso coffee grounds as a source of anti-proliferative and antioxidant compounds. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2019.102254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhang X, Li Y, Feng Z, Zhang Y, Gong Y, Song H, Ding X, Yan Y. Multifloroside Suppressing Proliferation and Colony Formation, Inducing S Cell Cycle Arrest, ROS Production, and Increasing MMP in Human Epidermoid Carcinoma Cell Lines A431. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010007. [PMID: 31861384 PMCID: PMC6983163 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifloroside (4), together with 10-hydroxyoleoside 11-methyl ester (1), 10-hydroxyoleoside dimethyl ester (2), and 10-hydroxyligustroside (3), are all secoiridoids, which are naturally occurring compounds that possess a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. However, the anti-cancer activity of 1–4 has not been evaluated yet. The objective of this work was to study the anti-cancer activities of 1–4 in the human epidermoid carcinoma cell lines A431 and the human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines A549. The results indicate that 1–4 differ in potency in their ability to inhibit the proliferation of human A431 and A549 cells, and multifloroside (4) display the highest inhibitory activity against A431 cells. The structure-activity relationships suggest that the o-hydroxy-p-hydroxy-phenylethyl group may contribute to the anti-cancer activity against A431 cells. Multifloroside treatment can also inhibit cell colony formation, arrest the cell cycle in the S-phase, increase the levels of reactive-oxygen-species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), but it did not significantly induce cell apoptosis at low concentrations. The findings indicated that multifloroside (4) has the tendency to show selective anti-cancer effects in A431 cells, along with suppressing the colony formation, inducing S cell cycle arrest, ROS production, and increasing MMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China; College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.F.); (Y.G.); (H.S.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Yamei Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China; College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.F.); (Y.G.); (H.S.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Zhengping Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China; College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.F.); (Y.G.); (H.S.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Yaling Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China; College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.F.); (Y.G.); (H.S.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-029-8531-0623 (Y.Y.)
| | - Ye Gong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China; College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.F.); (Y.G.); (H.S.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Huanhuan Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China; College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.F.); (Y.G.); (H.S.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Xiaoli Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China; College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.F.); (Y.G.); (H.S.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China; College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.F.); (Y.G.); (H.S.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-029-8531-0623 (Y.Y.)
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Phenolic Composition of Hydrophilic Extract of Manna from Sicilian Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl and its Reducing, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100494. [PMID: 31635261 PMCID: PMC6826888 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Manna, a very singular vegetable product derived from the spontaneous solidification of the sap of some Fraxinus species, has long been known for its mild laxative and emollient properties. In this work, a hydro-alcoholic extract of manna (HME) from Sicilian Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl was investigated using HPLC-DAD to find phenol components and using chemical and biological in vitro assays to determine its reducing, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity. We identified elenolic acid, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, catechin, fraxetin, verbascoside, gallic acid, procyanidin-B1, and luteolin 3,7 glucoside, in order of abundance. Measurements of total antioxidant activity by Folin-Ciocalteu reaction and ferric reducing ability (FRAP), as well as of scavenger activity towards ABTS•+, DPPH•, and perferryl-myoglobin radicals, showed that the phytocomplex effectively reduced oxidants with different standard potentials. When compared with vitamin E, HME also behaved as an efficient chain-breaking antioxidant against lipoperoxyl radicals from methyl linoleate. In cellular models for oxidative stress, HME counteracted membrane lipid oxidation of human erythrocytes stimulated by tert-butyl hydroperoxide and prevented the generation of reactive oxygen species, as well as the GSH decay in IL-1β–activated intestinal normal-like cells. Moreover, in this in vitro intestinal bowel disease model, HME reduced the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8. These findings may suggest that manna acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory natural product in humans, beyond its well-known effects against constipation.
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