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Song X, Gu J, Ye Y, Wang M, Wang R, Ma H, Shao X. Exploring Intraspecific Trait Variation in a Xerophytic Moss Species Indusiella thianschanica (Ptychomitriaceae) across Environmental Gradients on the Tibetan Plateau. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:921. [PMID: 38611451 PMCID: PMC11013618 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Investigating intraspecific trait variability is crucial for understanding plant adaptation to various environments, yet research on lithophytic mosses in extreme environments remains scarce. This study focuses on Indusiella thianschanica Broth. Hal., a unique lithophytic moss species in the extreme environments of the Tibetan Plateau, aiming to uncover its adaptation and response mechanisms to environmental changes. Specimens were collected from 26 sites across elevations ranging from 3642 m to 5528 m, and the relationships between 23 morphological traits and 15 environmental factors were analyzed. Results indicated that coefficients of variation (CV) ranged from 5.91% to 36.11%, with gametophyte height (GH) and basal cell transverse wall thickness (STW) showing the highest and lowest variations, respectively. Temperature, elevation, and potential evapo-transpiration (PET) emerged as primary environmental drivers. Leaf traits, especially those of the leaf sheath, exhibited a more pronounced response to the environment. The traits exhibited apparent covariation in response to environmental challenges and indicated flexible adaptive strategies. This study revealed the adaptation and response patterns of different morphological traits of I. thianschanica to environmental changes on the Tibetan Plateau, emphasizing the significant effect of temperature on trait variation. Our findings deepen the understanding of the ecology and adaptive strategies of lithophytic mosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Song
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.S.); (J.G.); (M.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiqi Gu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.S.); (J.G.); (M.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanhui Ye
- Resources & Environment College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China;
| | - Mengzhen Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.S.); (J.G.); (M.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruihong Wang
- Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology, Tibet Agricultural & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China; (R.W.); (H.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Tibet Plateau, Tibet Agricultural & Animal Husbandry University, Ministry of Education, Nyingchi 860000, China
| | - Heping Ma
- Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology, Tibet Agricultural & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China; (R.W.); (H.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Tibet Plateau, Tibet Agricultural & Animal Husbandry University, Ministry of Education, Nyingchi 860000, China
| | - Xiaoming Shao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.S.); (J.G.); (M.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Resources & Environment College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China;
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Liu J, Xia H, Zheng Z, Wang Y, Chen J, Ni J, Yu M, Zheng W, Liu L. Plant life history strategies vary in subtropical forests with different disturbance histories: an assessment of biodiversity, biomass, and functional traits. Front Plant Sci 2024; 14:1230149. [PMID: 38269140 PMCID: PMC10806164 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1230149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Disturbance alters environmental conditions in forests. Plants growing in forests with different disturbance histories in diverse environments may adopt varying life history strategies, but few studies focus on this effect. This study comprehensively investigated plant biodiversity, biomass, and functional traits in subtropical forests with two different disturbance histories in east China to explore differences in life history strategies. Biodiversity was slightly higher in disturbed compared to conserved forests. Significantly higher biomass was measured in conserved relative to disturbed evergreen broadleaved forests (P < 0.05). In conserved forests, leaf tissue density (LTD) was significantly higher and leaf thickness (LT), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), twig tissue density (TTD), twig dry matter content (TDMC), bark tissue density (BTD) and dry matter content (BDMC), and stem tissue density (STD) and dry matter content (SDMC) were significantly lower than in disturbed forests (P < 0.05). In terms of associated plant biodiversity, biomass, and functional traits, conserved forests adopted a resource acquisition strategy, reducing biodiversity and developing multiple functional traits such as high leaf area and specific leaf area and low LT, LDMC, TTD, TDMC, BTD, BDMC, STD, and SDMC to support a high biomass accumulation rate. Disturbed forests adopted a resource conservation strategy, enhancing biodiversity and developing converse trait combinations to lower the rate of biomass accumulation. A comprehensive investigation of plant biodiversity, biomass, and functional traits and subsequent assessment of plant life history strategies in conserved and disturbed forests will aid investigations of regional biodiversity and carbon reserves, contribute data to the TRY and Chinese plant trait databases, and improve ecological management and restoration efforts in east China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Liu
- The Administration Center of Zhejiang Jiulong Mountain National Nature Reserve, Lishui, China
| | - Haojun Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Zihong Zheng
- The Administration Center of Zhejiang Jiulong Mountain National Nature Reserve, Lishui, China
| | - Yunquan Wang
- The Administration Center of Zhejiang Jiulong Mountain National Nature Reserve, Lishui, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jian Ni
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Mingjian Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weicheng Zheng
- Suichang Ecological Forestry Development Center, Lishui, China
| | - Libin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Velazco VN, Sandler RV, Sanabria MCV, Falco LB, Coviella CE, Saravia LA. Size spectra of the edaphic fauna of typical Argiudol soils of the Rolling Pampa Region, Argentina. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e113074. [PMID: 38312340 PMCID: PMC10838089 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e113074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Soil-dwelling organisms populate the spaces-referred to as interstices-between the litter on the soil surface and the pores in the soil's organo-mineral matrix. These organisms have pivotal roles in soil ecosystem functions, such as the breakdown and decomposition of organic matter, the dispersal of bacterial and fungal spores and biological habitat transformation. These functions, in turn, contribute to broader ecosystem services like carbon and nutrient cycling, soil organic matter regulation and both chemical and physical soil fertility.This study provides morphological data pertaining to a range of soil organism sizes, specifically in Argiudol soils subjected to varying levels of agricultural activity in the Rolling Pampas Region, one of the world's most extensive and fertile plains.The primary focus is on soil microarthropods-namely, Acari (mites) and Collembola (springtails)-with a body width of less than 2 mm. These organisms constitute the majority of life in the intricate soil pore network. Additionally, the study documents species of earthworms (Oligochaeta, Crassiclitelata), recognised as ecosystem engineers for their ability to create physical channels in the soil matrix and to distribute organic matter. Moreover, the study includes measurements of morphological traits of soil-dwelling "macrofauna" (organisms with a body width greater than 2 mm), which are also implicated in various soil ecosystem functions. These include population regulation by apex predators, organic matter decomposition, biogenic structure formation, nutrient mobilisation and herbivory. New information In this paper, we report both the geographical locations and individual measurements of key morphological traits for over 7,000 specimens, covering a range of soil-dwelling organisms. These include springtails (Entognatha, Collembola), mites (Arachnida, Acari), earthworms (Oligochaeta, Crassiclitellata) and additional soil macrofauna. All specimens were collected from typical Argiudol soils located in three distinct agricultural systems characterised by varying levels of land-use intensity. To our knowledge, no other dataset exists providing this information for the Argentinian Pampas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor N. Velazco
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES) - Dept. of Basic Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, ArgentinaInstituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES) - Dept. of Basic Sciences, Universidad Nacional de LujánLujánArgentina
| | - Rosana V Sandler
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES) - Dept. of Basic Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, ArgentinaInstituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES) - Dept. of Basic Sciences, Universidad Nacional de LujánLujánArgentina
| | - Maria Cynthia Valeria Sanabria
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES) - Dept. of Basic Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, ArgentinaInstituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES) - Dept. of Basic Sciences, Universidad Nacional de LujánLujánArgentina
| | - Liliana B Falco
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES) - Dept. of Basic Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, ArgentinaInstituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES) - Dept. of Basic Sciences, Universidad Nacional de LujánLujánArgentina
| | - Carlos E Coviella
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES) - Dept. of Basic Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, ArgentinaInstituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES) - Dept. of Basic Sciences, Universidad Nacional de LujánLujánArgentina
| | - Leonardo A. Saravia
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC - CONICET), Ushuaia, ArgentinaCentro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC - CONICET)UshuaiaArgentina
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Zhang L, Chen Y, Leng Q, Lin X, Lu J, Xu Y, Li H, Xu S, Huang S, López Hernán A, Wang Y, Yin J, Niu J. A High-Resolution Linkage Map Construction and QTL Analysis for Morphological Traits in Anthurium ( Anthurium andraeanum Linden). Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:4185. [PMID: 38140512 PMCID: PMC10747322 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Anthurium andraeanum Linden is a prominent ornamental plant belonging to the family Araceae and is cultivated worldwide. The morphology characteristics are crucial because they significantly impact ornamental values, commercial properties, and the efficiency of space utilization in production. However, only a few related investigations have been conducted in anthurium to date. In this study, an F1 genetic segregation population containing 160 progenies was generated through hybridization between potted and cut anthurium varieties. Fifteen morphological traits were assessed and revealed substantial levels of genetic variation and widespread positive correlation. Based on specific length amplified fragment (SLAF) sequencing technology, 8171 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were developed, and the high-density linkage map of 2202.27 cM in length distributed on 15 linkage groups was constructed successfully, with an average distance of 0.30 cM. Using the inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) method, 59 QTLs related to 15 key morphological traits were successfully identified, which explained phenotypic variance (PVE) ranging from 6.21% to 17.74%. Thirty-three of those associated with 13 traits were designated as major QTLs with PVE > 10%. These findings offer valuable insights into the genetic basis of quantitative traits and are beneficial for molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) in anthurium breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbi Zhang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou 571101, China (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou 571101, China (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.W.)
- Institute of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qingyun Leng
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou 571101, China (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.W.)
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Xinge Lin
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou 571101, China (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jinping Lu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou 571101, China (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yueting Xu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou 571101, China (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Haiyan Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou 571101, China (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.W.)
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Shisong Xu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou 571101, China (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.W.)
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Shaohua Huang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou 571101, China (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.W.)
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Ariel López Hernán
- Multidisciplinary Workshop on Vascular Plants, Border Ecology Laboratory, University of Flores, Sede Comahue (UFLO), Rio Negro 8328, Argentina;
- Botanical Garden of Plottier City, Neuquen 8316, Argentina
| | - Yaru Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou 571101, China (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Junmei Yin
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou 571101, China (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.W.)
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Junhai Niu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou 571101, China (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.W.)
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Danzhou 571737, China
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Saracchi M, Valenti I, Cortesi P, Bulgari D, Kunova A, Pasquali M. Molecular Characterization of Ciborinia camelliae Kohn Shows Intraspecific Variability and Suggests Transcontinental Movement of the Pathogen. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2727. [PMID: 38004739 PMCID: PMC10673376 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciborinia camelliae Kohn is the causal agent of camellia flower blight. The fungus infects only the flowers of camellias. C. camelliae isolates obtained from symptomatic samples, collected in 13 different localities worldwide, were characterized by Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) using the following: (i) a nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer; (ii) subunit 2 of β-tubulin (β-TUB II), (iii) elongation factor 1-α (EF1α); and (iv) glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH). The variability of the strains was assessed using a universally primed-polymerase chain reaction (UP-PCR) with six universal primers. Gene sequence comparison showed high similarity among all the European strains and highlighted the diversity of the New Zealand and Chinese representative strains. The profiles obtained by UP-PCR confirmed the significant diversity of extra-European strains and identified subgroups within the European population. The presence of shared genetic profiles obtained from strains isolated in different countries (New Zealand and France) suggests the movement of strains from one location to another, which is probably due to the exchange of infected plant material. Moreover, our study shows the overall high intraspecific variability of C. camelliae, which is likely due to the sexual reproduction of the fungus, suggesting the risk of emergence of new pathotypes adapting to novel camellia varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniela Bulgari
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (I.V.); (P.C.); (A.K.); (M.P.)
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Moulatlet GM, Dáttilo W, Villalobos F. Species-level drivers of avian centrality within seed-dispersal networks across different levels of organisation. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:2126-2137. [PMID: 37454385 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Bird-plant seed-dispersal networks are structural components of ecosystems. The role of bird species in seed-dispersal networks (from less [peripheral] to more connected [central]), determines the interaction patterns and their ecosystem services. These roles may be driven by morphological and functional traits as well as evolutionary, geographical and environmental properties acting at different spatial extents. It is still unknown if such drivers are equally important in determining species centrality at different network levels, from individual local networks to the global meta-network representing interactions across all local networks. Using 308 networks covering five continents and 11 biogeographical regions, we show that at the global meta-network level species' range size was the most important driver of species centrality, with more central species having larger range sizes, which would facilitate the interaction with a higher number of plants and thus the maintenance of seed-dispersal interactions. At the local network level, body mass was the only driver with a significant effect, implying that local factors related to resource availability are more important at this level of network organisation than those related to broad spatial factors such as range sizes. This could also be related to the mismatch between species-level traits, which do not consider intraspecific variation, and the local networks that can depend on such variation. Taken together, our results show that the drivers determining species centrality are relative to the levels of network organisation, suggesting that prediction of species functional roles in seed-dispersal interactions requires combined local and global approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Mexico
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Shuang LS, Cuevas H, Lemke C, Kim C, Shehzad T, Paterson AH. Genetic dissection of morphological variation between cauliflower and a rapid cycling Brassica oleracea line. G3 (Bethesda) 2023; 13:jkad163. [PMID: 37506262 PMCID: PMC10627287 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
To improve resolution to small genomic regions and sensitivity to small-effect loci in the identification of genetic factors conferring the enlarged inflorescence and other traits of cauliflower while also expediting further genetic dissection, 104 near-isogenic introgression lines (NIILs) covering 78.56% of the cauliflower genome, were selected from an advanced backcross population using cauliflower [Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L., mutant for Orange gene (ORG)] as the donor parent and a rapid cycling line (TO1434) as recurrent parent. Subsets of the advanced backcross population and NIILs were planted in the field for 8 seasons, finding 141 marker-trait associations for 15 leaf-, stem-, and flower-traits. Exemplifying the usefulness of these lines, we delineated the previously known flower color gene to a 4.5 MB interval on C3; a gene for small plant size to a 3.4 MB region on C8; and a gene for large plant size and flowering time to a 6.1 MB region on C9. This approach unmasked closely linked QTL alleles with opposing effects (on chr. 8) and revealed both alleles with expected phenotypic effects and effects opposite the parental phenotypes. Selected B. oleracea NIILs with short generation time add new value to widely used research and teaching materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Shuan Shuang
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hugo Cuevas
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Cornelia Lemke
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Tariq Shehzad
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Andrew H Paterson
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Perdomo-González DI, Varona L, Molina A, Laseca N, Valera M. Quantitative analysis of parent-of-origin effect in reproductive and morphological selection criteria in the Pura Raza Española horse. J Anim Breed Genet 2023; 140:596-606. [PMID: 37287409 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is generally assumed that parents make a genetically equal contribution to their offspring, but this assumption might not always hold. This is because the expression of a gene can be blocked by methylation during gametogenesis, and the degree of methylation can depend on the origin of the parental gene (imprinting) or by preferential management associated with genetic merit. The first consequences of this for quantitative genetics is that the mean phenotypes of reciprocal heterozygotes need no longer be the same, as would be expected according to Mendelian heritage. We analysed three mare reproductive traits (reproductive efficiency, age at first foaling and foaling number) and three morphological traits (height at withers, thoracic circumference, and scapula-ischial length) in the Pura Raza Española (PRE) horse population, which possesses a deep and reliable pedigree, making it a perfect breed for analysing the quantitative effect of parent-of-origin. The number of animals analysed ranged from 44,038 to 144,191, all of them with both parents known. The model comparison between a model without parent-of-origin effects and three different models with parent-of-origin effects revealed that both maternal and paternal gametic effects influence all the analysed traits. The maternal gametic effect had a higher influence on most traits, accounting for between 3% and 11% of the total phenotypic variance, while the paternal gametic effect accounted for a higher proportion of variance in one trait, age at first foaling (4%). As expected, the Pearson's correlations between additive breeding values of models that consider parent-of-origin and that do not consider parent-of-origin were very high; however, the percentage of coincident animals slightly decreases when comparing animals with the highest estimated breeding values. Ultimately, this work demonstrates that parent-of-origin effects exist in horse gene transmission from a quantitative point of view. Additionally, including an estimate of the parent-of-origin effect within the PRE horse breeding program could be a great tool for a better parent's selection and that could be of interest for breeders, as this value will determine whether the animals acquire genetic categories and are much more highly valued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinia I Perdomo-González
- Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agromómica, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis Varona
- Departamento de Anatomía Embriología y Genética Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Molina
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nora Laseca
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mercedes Valera
- Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agromómica, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Wang M, Huang L, Kou Y, Li D, Hu W, Fan D, Cheng S, Yang Y, Zhang Z. Differentiation of Morphological Traits and Genome-Wide Expression Patterns between Rice Subspecies Indica and Japonica. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1971. [PMID: 37895320 PMCID: PMC10606143 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in gene expression patterns can lead to the variation of morphological traits. This phenomenon is particularly evident in recent evolution events such as crop domestication and responses to environmental stress, where alterations in expression levels can efficiently give rise to domesticated syndromes and adaptive phenotypes. Rice (Oryza sativa L.), one of the world's most crucial cereal crops, comprises two morphologically distinct subspecies, Indica and Japonica. To investigate the morphological divergence between these two rice subspecies, this study planted a total of 315 landrace individuals of both Indica and Japonica under identical cultivation conditions. Out of the 16 quantitative traits measured in this study, 12 exhibited significant differences between the subspecies. To determine the genetic divergence between Indica and Japonica at the whole-genome sequence level, we constructed a phylogenetic tree using a resequencing dataset encompassing 95 rice landrace accessions. The samples formed two major groups that neatly corresponded to the two subspecies, Indica and Japonica. Furthermore, neighbor-joining (NJ) trees based on the expression quantity of effectively expressed genes (EEGs) across five different tissues categorized 12 representative samples into two major clades aligning with the two subspecies. These results imply that divergence in genome-wide expression levels undergoes stabilizing selection under non-stressful conditions, with evolutionary trends in expression levels mirroring sequence variation levels. This study further supports the pivotal role of changes in genome-wide expression regulation in the divergence of the two rice subspecies, Indica and Japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Wang
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.K.); (D.L.); (W.H.); (D.F.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Lei Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China;
| | - Yixuan Kou
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.K.); (D.L.); (W.H.); (D.F.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Danqi Li
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.K.); (D.L.); (W.H.); (D.F.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.)
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
| | - Wan Hu
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.K.); (D.L.); (W.H.); (D.F.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.)
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
| | - Dengmei Fan
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.K.); (D.L.); (W.H.); (D.F.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Shanmei Cheng
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.K.); (D.L.); (W.H.); (D.F.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yi Yang
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.K.); (D.L.); (W.H.); (D.F.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.K.); (D.L.); (W.H.); (D.F.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
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10
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McGinty EM, Craine EB, Miller ND, Ocana-Gallegos C, Spalding EP, Murphy KM, Hauvermale AL. Evaluating relationships between seed morphological traits and seed dormancy in Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1161165. [PMID: 37929178 PMCID: PMC10623317 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1161165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Quinoa is a high-value, nutritious crop that performs well in variable environments, marginal soils, and in diverse crop rotations. Quinoa's many attributes make it an ideal crop for supporting human health in global communities and economies. To date, quinoa research has largely focused on traits in adult plants important for enhancing plant phenotypic plasticity, abiotic stress, disease resistance, and yield. Fewer studies have evaluated quinoa seed dormancy and suggest that most modern quinoa varieties have weak or no seed dormancy, and a narrow window of seed viability post-harvest. In other crops, diminished seed dormancy is a major risk factor for preharvest sprouting (PHS; germination on the panicle due to rain prior to harvest) and may also pose a similar risk for quinoa. Methods This study (1) developed a dormancy screening assay to characterize seed dormancy strength in a large collection of quinoa varieties, (2) investigated if morphological variables including seed coat color, seed coat thickness, seed shape including eccentricity which evaluates the roundness or flatness of a seed, and other agronomic traits like crude protein content and seed moisture, contribute to quinoa seed dormancy, and (3) evaluated the use of a phenetic modeling approach to explore relationships between seed morphology and seed dormancy. Results Dormancy screening indicated seed dormancy ranges in quinoa varieties from none to strong dormancy. Further, phenetic modeling approaches indicate that seed coat thickness and eccentricity are important morphological variables that impact quinoa seed dormancy strength. Conclusions While dormancy screening and phenetic modeling approaches do not provide a direct solution to preventing PHS in quinoa, they do provide new tools for identifying dormant varieties as well as morphological variables contributing to seed dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. McGinty
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | | | - Nathan D. Miller
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Cristina Ocana-Gallegos
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Edgar P. Spalding
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kevin M. Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Amber L. Hauvermale
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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11
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Burner RC, Stephan JG, Drag L, Potterf M, Birkemoe T, Siitonen J, Müller J, Ovaskainen O, Sverdrup‐Thygeson A, Snäll T. Alternative measures of trait-niche relationships: A test on dispersal traits in saproxylic beetles. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10588. [PMID: 37869428 PMCID: PMC10585442 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional trait approaches are common in ecology, but a lack of clear hypotheses on how traits relate to environmental gradients (i.e., trait-niche relationships) often makes uncovering mechanisms difficult. Furthermore, measures of community functional structure differ in their implications, yet inferences are seldom compared among metrics. Community-weighted mean trait values (CWMs), a common measure, are largely driven by the most common species and thus do not reflect community-wide trait-niche relationships per se. Alternatively, trait-niche relationships can be estimated across a larger group of species using hierarchical joint species distribution models (JSDMs), quantified by a parameter Γ. We investigated how inferences about trait-niche relationships are affected by the choice of metric. Using deadwood-dependent (saproxylic) beetles in fragmented Finnish forests, we followed a protocol for investigating trait-niche relationships by (1) identifying environmental filters (climate, forest age, and deadwood volume), (2) relating these to an ecological function (dispersal ability), and (3) identifying traits related to this function (wing morphology). We tested 18 hypothesized dispersal relationships using both CWM and Γ estimates across these environmental gradients. CWMs were more likely than Γ to show support for trait-niche relationships. Up to 13% of species' realized niches were explained by dispersal traits, but the directions of effects were consistent with fewer than 11%-39% of our 18 trait-niche hypotheses (depending on the metric used). This highlights the difficulty in connecting morphological traits and ecological functions in insects, despite the clear conceptual link between landscape connectivity and flight-related traits. Caution is thus warranted in hypothesis development, particularly where apparent trait-function links are less clear. Inferences differ when CWMs versus Γ estimates are used, necessitating the choice of a metric that reflects study questions. CWMs help explain the effects of environmental gradients on community trait composition, whereas the effects of traits on species' niches are better estimated using hierarchical JSDMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Burner
- U.S. Geological SurveyUpper Midwest Environmental Sciences CenterLa CrosseWisconsinUSA
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Jörg G. Stephan
- SLU Swedish Species Information CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Lukas Drag
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, BiocenterUniversity of WürzburgRauhenebrachGermany
- Institute of EntomologyBiology Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Mária Potterf
- Department of Life Science SystemsTechnical University of MunichFreisingBavariaGermany
| | - Tone Birkemoe
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Juha Siitonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)HelsinkiFinland
| | - Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, BiocenterUniversity of WürzburgRauhenebrachGermany
- Bavarian Forest National ParkGrafenauGermany
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity DynamicsNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Anne Sverdrup‐Thygeson
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Tord Snäll
- SLU Swedish Species Information CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
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12
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Mangena P, Mushadu PN. Colchicine-Induced Polyploidy in Leguminous Crops Enhances Morpho-Physiological Characteristics for Drought Stress Tolerance. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1966. [PMID: 37895348 PMCID: PMC10607973 DOI: 10.3390/life13101966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Legumes play a significant role in the alleviation of food insecurity, maintaining soil fertility, and achieving sustainable crop production under adverse environmental conditions. The increased demand in legume production contemplates that attention on the genetic improvement of these crops through various means such as genetic engineering and mutation breeding should take a centre stage in global agriculture. Therefore, this paper provides a succinct analysis of the currently available literature on morphological and physiological traits in polyploidised leguminous plants to counter the adverse effects of drought stress. The effects of colchicine on various morphological and physiological traits of polyploidised legumes compared to their diploid counterparts were examined. Numerous reports revealed variations in these traits, such as improved root and shoot growth, plant biomass, chloroplastidic content, protein, RNA, and DNA. The differences observed were also associated with the strong relationship between plant ploidy induction and colchicine application. Furthermore, the analysis indicated that polyploidisation remains dose-dependent and may be achievable within a shorter space of time as this antimitotic chemical interferes with chromosome separations in somatic plant cells. The efficiency of this process also depends on the advancement of treatment conditions (in vitro, in vivo, or ex vitro) and the successful regeneration of polyploidised plants for adaptation under drought stress conditions. As such, the improvement in metabolite profile and other essential growth characteristics serves as a clear indication that induced polyploidy needs to be further explored to confer resilience to environmental stress and improve crop yield under drought stress conditions in leguminous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phetole Mangena
- Department of Biodiversity, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa;
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13
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Li Y, Huang M, Wang Z, Liu X, He S, Wang T, Ma B, Liu J, Li X, Xiong J, Hua J, Ye J, Lei A, Yang Q. Genomic selection analysis of morphological and adaptation traits in Chinese indigenous dog breeds. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1237780. [PMID: 37781284 PMCID: PMC10540435 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1237780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant morphological differences and abundant germplasm resources of Chinese indigenous dog breeds can be attributed to the diverse geographical environment, including plateaus, mountains, and a long history of raising dogs. The combination of both natural and artificial selection during the past several thousand years has led to hundreds of dog breeds with distinct morphological traits and environmental adaptations. China is one of the earliest countries to domesticate dogs and there are more than 50 ancient indigenous dog breeds. In this study, the run of homozygosity (ROH) and proportion of the autosomal genome covered by ROHs (FROH) were calculated for 10 dog breeds that are the most representative Chinese indigenous dogs based on 170K SNP microarray. The results of FROH showed that the Chuandong hound dogs (HCSSC) have the highest level of inbreeding among the tested breeds. The inbreeding in HCSSC occurred more recently than the Liangshan dogs (SCLSQ) dogs because of more numbers of long ROHs in HCSSC dogs, and the former also have higher inbreeding degree. In addition, there are significant differences in the inbreeding degree among different subpopulations of the same breed, such as the Thin dogs from Shaanxi and Shandong province. To explore genome-wide selection signatures among different breeds, including coat color, ear shape, and altitude adaptability, we performed genome selection analyses of FST and cross population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH). For the coat color, the FST analysis between Xiasi dogs (XSGZ) and HCSSC dogs was performed and identified multiple genes involved in coat color, hair follicle, and bone development, including MC1R, KITLG, SOX5, RSPO2, and TBX15. For the plateau adaptability, we performed FST and XP-EHH analyses between dogs from Tibet (Tibetan Mastiffs and Nyingchi dogs) and plain regions (Guangxi Biwei dogs GXBWQ and Guandong Sharpei dogs). The results showed the EPAS1 gene in dogs from Tibet undergo strong selection. Multiple genes identified for selection signals based on different usage of dogs. Furthermore, the results of ear shape analyses showed that MSRB3 was likely to be the main gene causing the drop ear of domestic dogs. Our study provides new insights into further understanding of Chinese indigenous dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfeng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Min Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjie Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xueyuan Liu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan He
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
- Jiujiang Key Laboratory of Rare Disease Research, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Baicheng Ma
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Jianyun Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
- Jiujiang Key Laboratory of Rare Disease Research, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xingnuan Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Jianjun Xiong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
- Jiujiang Key Laboratory of Rare Disease Research, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Junhua Ye
- Medical College of Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Anmin Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Qianyong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
- Jiujiang Key Laboratory of Rare Disease Research, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
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14
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Flaibani N, Ortiz VE, Fanara JJ, Carreira VP. The relationship between morphology and flight in Drosophila: a study of two pairs of sibling species from a natural population. Insect Sci 2023. [PMID: 37689967 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Insect flight is a complex trait involved in different behaviors, from the search for sexual partners, food, or breeding sites. Many studies have postulated the adaptive advantages of certain morphological traits in relation to increased flight capacity, such as low values of wing loading or high values of wing:thorax ratio and wing-aspect ratio. However, few studies have evaluated the relationship between variables related to flight and morphological traits in Drosophila. This work aimed to study morphological traits in males and females of two pairs of sibling species: Drosophila buzzatii Patterson and Wheeler-Drosophila koeferae Fontdevila and Wasserman, and Drosophila melanogaster Meigen-Drosophila simulans Sturtevant, and to analyze its relationship with flight. We detected the highest proportion of flight time in D. koepferae and D. simulans compared to D. buzzatii and D. melanogaster, respectively. Our results also revealed sexual dimorphism, with males exhibiting a higher proportion of flight time than females. Surprisingly, we did not find a general pattern to explain the relationship between morphology and the proportion of flight time because associations varied depending upon the analyses (considering all groups together or each sex-species combination separately). Moreover, these associations explained a low percentage of variation, suggesting that other nonmorphological components related to flight, such as physiological variables, should be taken into account. This work allowed us to show the variability and complexity of an aspect of flight, suggesting that the adaptive role of the morphological traits studied might have been overestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Flaibani
- Laboratorio de Evolución, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (DEGE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Genética, Ecología y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Estefanía Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Evolución, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (DEGE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Genética, Ecología y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan José Fanara
- Laboratorio de Evolución, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (DEGE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Genética, Ecología y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Paula Carreira
- Laboratorio de Evolución, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (DEGE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Genética, Ecología y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Lu Y, Deng S, Niu M, Li H, Zhao Q, Zhang H, Wei J. Two Species Delimitation of Pseudaulacaspis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) Based on Morphology, Molecular Clustering, and Niche Differentiation. Insects 2023; 14:666. [PMID: 37623377 PMCID: PMC10456064 DOI: 10.3390/insects14080666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Pseudaucalaspis pentagona and P. prunicola are notorious pests and commonly feed on various ornamental plants and fruit trees worldwide. The two species share many host-plant species, and are similar in morphological characteristics and life cycle, making it difficult to distinguish to distinguish between them. In this study, morphological characteristics, molecular evidence, and ecological niches were used to define these species. We performed PCA analysis on 22 morphological characteristics that allowed the delineation of the species. We then sequenced the COI gene of both species revealing five populations of P. pentagona and one population of P. prunicola, and the higher support rate could distinguish the two species. We also identified the potential distribution area of the two species based on the MaxEnt niche model, which showed that the degree of niche overlap was high, but that they occupied different niches. Ultimately, we combined three lines of evidence to show that the two species are distinctly different. This study supports species definition using combined morphology, genetics, and ecology and provides a theoretical basis for the effective control of these two pests in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Y.L.); (S.D.); (M.N.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Shuqun Deng
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Y.L.); (S.D.); (M.N.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Minmin Niu
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Y.L.); (S.D.); (M.N.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Huiping Li
- Technology Center of Taiyuan Custom, Taiyuan 030006, China;
| | - Qing Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Y.L.); (S.D.); (M.N.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Hufang Zhang
- Department of Biology, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou 034000, China
| | - Jiufeng Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Y.L.); (S.D.); (M.N.); (Q.Z.)
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Zhang Y, Liu W, He S. Allometric equations for estimating peak uprooting force of riparian vegetation. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1192486. [PMID: 37469785 PMCID: PMC10352110 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1192486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Uprooting caused by flood events is a significant disturbance factor that affects the establishment, growth, and mortality of riparian vegetation. If the hydraulic drag force acting on riparian plants exceeds the peak uprooting force originate from their below-ground portion, it may result in the uprooting of these plants. Despite previous studies have documented and investigated the uprooting processes and factors influencing the peak uprooting force of plants, most of these studies have focused on how the root morphological traits of tree and shrub seedlings affect peak uprooting force or mainly collected data in indoor experiments, which may limit the extrapolation of the results to natural environments. To address these limitations, we assume that the peak uprooting force can be estimated by the morphological traits of the above-ground portion of the vegetation. In this study, we conducted in-situ vertical uprooting tests on three locally dominant species: Conyza canadensis, Daucus carota, and Leonurus sibiricus, in a typical riverine environment. The three species were found to have the highest abundance based on the outcomes of the quadrat method. We measured the peak uprooting force, plant height, stem basal diameter, shoot and root wet biomass, and shoot and root dry biomass of each plant and compared them between species. Furthermore, we quantified the influence of morphology on peak uprooting force. Our results showed significant differences in morphological traits and peak uprooting force among the three species. We found a significant positive correlation between peak uprooting force and the morphological traits of the three species. The peak uprooting force increases with plant size following a power law function which is analogous to allometric equations. The allometric equation provided a convenient and non-destructive method to estimate the peak uprooting force based on the above-ground morphological traits of the plants, which may help to overcome the limitations of measuring root morphological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siming He
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Asif M, Nawaz MF, Ahmad I, Rashid MHU, Farooq TH, Kashif M, Gul S, Li Q. Detrimental Effects of Induced Soil Compaction on Morphological Adaptation and Physiological Plasticity of Selected Multipurpose Tree Species. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2468. [PMID: 37447029 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil compaction has become a global problem affecting soil worldwide. With an increased population, more demands for food and wood have resulted in intensive cultivation and increased mechanization of our farmlands and irrigated plantations. The use of heavy machinery results in soil compaction, which affects the entire soil ecosystem. This study was conducted to analyze the impact of compacted soil on germination and initial growth stages of four major agro-forest trees of central Punjab, Pakistan. Morpho-physiological traits of all selected species (Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Albizia lebbeck, Vachellia nilotica, and Zyziphus mauritiana) were measured against soil compaction. Results indicated that the root and shoot length, biomass, root-shoot ratio, diameter at root collar, no. of leaves and branches, leaf area, germination, and survival %, and physiological traits (i.e., photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, and photosynthetic water use efficiency) were significantly affected by the induced soil compaction. Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. performed better and exhibited 96% germination percentage under (1.40 mg m-3) compaction level and gradually decreased by 11% with the increase of compaction level (1.80 mg m-3). It shows that the shorter roots developed due to soil compaction decreased water use efficiency, photosynthesis, and whole-plant physiological performance. The findings concluded that judicious use of machinery is highly desired for sustainable and good-quality wood production from farm trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Institute of Environmental Studies, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Haroon U Rashid
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Taimoor Hassan Farooq
- Bangor College China, A Joint Unit of Bangor University and Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Gul
- Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Qian Li
- Bangor College China, A Joint Unit of Bangor University and Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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18
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Heslop AD, Jahufer Z, Hofmann RW. Responses to water stress extremes in diverse red clover germplasm accessions. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1195058. [PMID: 37426971 PMCID: PMC10325626 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1195058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), a key perennial pastoral species used globally, can strengthen pastural mixes to withstand increasingly disruptive weather patterns from climate change. Breeding selections can be refined for this purpose by obtaining an in-depth understanding of key functional traits. A replicated randomized complete block glasshouse pot trial was used to observe trait responses critical to plant performance under control (15% VMC), water deficit (5% VMC) and waterlogged conditions (50% VMC) in seven red clover populations and compared against white clover. Twelve morphological and physiological traits were identified as key contributors to the different plant coping mechanisms displayed. Under water deficit, the levels of all aboveground morphological traits decreased, highlighted by a 41% decrease in total dry matter and 50% decreases in both leaf number and leaf thickness compared to the control treatment. An increase in root to shoot ratio indicated a shift to prioritizing root maintenance by sacrificing shoot growth, a trait attributed to plant water deficit tolerance. Under waterlogging, a reduction in photosynthetic activity among red clover populations reduced several morphological traits including a 30% decrease in root dry mass and total dry matter, and a 34% decrease in leaf number. The importance of root morphology for waterlogging was highlighted with low performance of red clover: there was an 83% decrease in root dry mass compared to white clover which was able to maintain root dry mass and therefore plant performance. This study highlights the importance of germplasm evaluation across water stress extremes to identify traits for future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus D. Heslop
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
- AgResearch Limited, Lincoln Research Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Zulfi Jahufer
- AgResearch Limited, Lincoln Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Rainer W. Hofmann
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
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Sun X, Niu Q, Jiang J, Wang G, Zhou P, Li J, Chen C, Liu L, Xu L, Ren H. Identifying Candidate Genes for Litter Size and Three Morphological Traits in Youzhou Dark Goats Based on Genome-Wide SNP Markers. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1183. [PMID: 37372363 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to reveal the potential genetic basis for litter size, coat colour, black middorsal stripe and skin colour by combining genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) and selection signature analysis and ROH detection within the Youzhou dark (YZD) goat population (n = 206) using the Illumina GoatSNP54 BeadChip. In the GWAS, we identified one SNP (snp54094-scaffold824-899720) on chromosome 11 for litter size, two SNPs on chromosome 26 (snp11508-scaffold142-1990450, SORCS3) and chromosome 12 (snp55048-scaffold842-324525, LOC102187779) for coat colour and one SNP on chromosome 18 (snp56013-scaffold873-22716, TCF25) for the black middorsal stripe. In contrast, no SNPs were identified for skin colour. In selection signature analysis, 295 significant iHS genomic regions with a mean |iHS| score > 2.66, containing selection signatures encompassing 232 candidate genes were detected. In particular, 43 GO terms and one KEGG pathway were significantly enriched in the selected genes, which may contribute to the excellent environmental adaptability and characteristic trait formation during the domestication of YZD goats. In ROH detection, we identified 4446 ROH segments and 282 consensus ROH regions, among which nine common genes overlapped with those detected using the iHS method. Some known candidate genes for economic traits such as reproduction (TSHR, ANGPT4, CENPF, PIBF1, DACH1, DIS3, CHST1, COL4A1, PRKD1 and DNMT3B) and development and growth (TNPO2, IFT80, UCP2, UCP3, GHRHR, SIM1, CCM2L, CTNNA3 and CTNNA1) were revealed by iHS and ROH detection. Overall, this study is limited by the small population size, which affects the results of GWAS to a certain extent. Nevertheless, our findings could provide the first overview of the genetic mechanism underlying these important traits and provide novel insights into the future conservation and utilisation of Chinese goat germplasm resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Sun
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang 402460, China
| | - Qunhao Niu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang 402460, China
| | - Gaofu Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang 402460, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang 402460, China
| | - Jie Li
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang 402460, China
| | - Cancan Chen
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang 402460, China
| | - Liangjia Liu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang 402460, China
| | - Lingyang Xu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hangxing Ren
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang 402460, China
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Dagnaw T, Mulugeta B, Haileselassie T, Geleta M, Ortiz R, Tesfaye K. Genetic Diversity of Durum Wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum, Desf) Germplasm as Revealed by Morphological and SSR Markers. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1155. [PMID: 37372335 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethiopia is considered a center of origin and diversity for durum wheat and is endowed with many diverse landraces. This research aimed to estimate the extent and pattern of genetic diversity in Ethiopian durum wheat germplasm. Thus, 104 durum wheat genotypes representing thirteen populations, three regions, and four altitudinal classes were investigated for their genetic diversity, using 10 grain quality- and grain yield-related phenotypic traits and 14 simple sequence repeat (SSR) makers. The analysis of the phenotypic traits revealed a high mean Shannon diversity index (H' = 0.78) among the genotypes and indicated a high level of phenotypic variation. The principal component analysis (PCA) classified the genotypes into three groups. The SSR markers showed a high mean value of polymorphic information content (PIC = 0.50) and gene diversity (h = 0.56), and a moderate number of alleles per locus (Na = 4). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a high level of variation within populations, regions, and altitudinal classes, accounting for 88%, 97%, and 97% of the total variation, respectively. Pairwise genetic differentiation and Nei's genetic distance analyses identified that the cultivars are distinct from the landrace populations. The distance-based (Discriminant Analysis of Principal Component (DAPC) and Minimum Spanning Network (MSN)) and model-based population stratification (STRUCTURE) methods of clustering grouped the genotypes into two clusters. Both the phenotypic data-based PCA and the molecular data-based DAPC and MSN analyses defined distinct groupings of cultivars and landraces. The phenotypic and molecular diversity analyses highlighted the high genetic variation in the Ethiopian durum wheat gene pool. The investigated SSRs showed significant associations with one or more target phenotypic traits. The markers identify landraces with high grain yield and quality traits. This study highlights the usefulness of Ethiopian landraces for cultivar development, contributing to food security in the region and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Dagnaw
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia
| | - Behailu Mulugeta
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-23422 Lomma, Sweden
| | | | - Mulatu Geleta
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-23422 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-23422 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Kassahun Tesfaye
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Bio and Emerging Technology Institute, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 5954, Ethiopia
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Mamut J, Chen K, Baskin CC, Tan D. Inflated Ovary May Increase the Dispersal Ability of Three Species in the Cold Deserts of Central Asia. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1950. [PMID: 37653867 PMCID: PMC10223576 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Among the diaspores of angiosperms an inflated ovary (IO) is a novel morphological trait, but no studies have evaluated its effects on dispersal. The primary aim of this study was to determine the effect of the IO on diaspore dispersal in three cold desert species (Carex physodes, Calligonum junceum, and Sphaerophysa salsula). Various morphological features and the mass of fruits and seeds of each species were measured. The role of an IO in diaspore dispersal by wind and water was determined by comparing responses of intact (inflated) IOs and flattened fruits and seeds. Mature diaspores of three species were dispersed by wind, and the IO significantly increased dispersal distance in the field and at different wind speeds in the laboratory. The floating time on water was greater for inflated fruits than flattened fruits and seeds. Since the seed remains inside the IO until after dispersal is completed, the IO of the three species enhances diaspore dispersal. This is the first detailed study on how an IO increases diaspore/seed dispersal. Furthermore, after primary dispersal by wind, secondary dispersal can occur via wind or surface runoff of water, and each method is enhanced by the presence of an IO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannathan Mamut
- College of Life Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi 830052, China; (J.M.); (K.C.); (C.C.B.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Western Arid Region Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi 830052, China
| | - Kewei Chen
- College of Life Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi 830052, China; (J.M.); (K.C.); (C.C.B.)
| | - Carol C. Baskin
- College of Life Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi 830052, China; (J.M.); (K.C.); (C.C.B.)
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Dunyan Tan
- College of Life Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi 830052, China; (J.M.); (K.C.); (C.C.B.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Western Arid Region Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi 830052, China
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22
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Houle C, Gossieaux P, Bernatchez L, Audet C, Garant D. Transgenerational effects on body size and survival in Brook charr ( Salvelinus fontinalis). Evol Appl 2023; 16:1061-1070. [PMID: 37216032 PMCID: PMC10197224 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher temperatures are now observed in several ecosystems and act as new selective agents that shape traits and fitness of individuals. Transgenerational effects may be important in modulating adaptation of future generations and buffering negative impacts of temperature changes. The potential for these effects may be important in freshwater fish species, as temperature is a key abiotic component of their environment. Yet, still, relatively few studies have assessed the presence and importance of transgenerational effects under natural conditions. The purpose of this study was to test how parental thermal conditions influenced offspring growth and survival following stocking in Brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis). To do so, part of the breeders were exposed to a "cold" treatment while others were exposed to a "warm" treatment during the final steps of gonad maturation (constant 2°C difference between treatments along the seasonal temperature decrease). The impact on offspring of a selection treatment targeting production traits of interest (absence of sexual maturation at 1+, combined with increased growth) in breeders was also evaluated. After 7-8 months of growth in captivity, offspring were stocked in natural lakes. Their growth and survival were assessed about a year later. Offspring from "cold" breeders showed lower survival than those from "warm" breeders and the selection treatment had no effect on survival. However, the selection treatment was linked to lower Fulton's condition index, which, in turn, was positively correlated to survival in lakes. This study highlights the importance of working in ecological/industrial context to fully assess the different impacts of transgenerational effects on traits and survival. Our results also have important implications for stocking practices used to support the sport fishing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne Houle
- Département de BiologieUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada
| | | | - Louis Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS)Université LavalQuébec CityQuébecCanada
| | - Céline Audet
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski (ISMER)Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)RimouskiQuébecCanada
| | - Dany Garant
- Département de BiologieUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada
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Alicandri E, Paolacci AR, Catarcione G, Del Lungo A, Iacoponi V, Pati F, Scarascia Mugnozza G, Ciaffi M. Morphological, Molecular, and Nutritional Characterisation of the Globe Artichoke Landrace "Carciofo Ortano". Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12091844. [PMID: 37176903 PMCID: PMC10180589 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study focused on the molecular, morphological, and nutritional characterisation of a globe artichoke landrace at risk of genetic erosion still cultivated in the municipality of Orte (Lazio Region, Central Italy) and therefore named "Carciofo Ortano". Molecular analysis based on SSR and ISSR markers was carried out on 73 genotypes selected at random from 20 smallholdings located in the Orte countryside and 17 accessions of landraces/clones belonging to the main varietal types cultivated in Italy. The results confirmed that "Carciofo Ortano" belongs to the "Romanesco" varietal typology and revealed the presence within the landrace of two distinct genetic populations named Orte 1 and Orte 2. Despite the high level of within-population genetic variation detected, the two populations were genetically differentiated from each other and from the landraces/clones of the main varietal types cultivated in Italy. Morphological and nutritional characterisation was performed on representative genotypes for each of the two populations of the "Carciofo Ortano" and the four landraces/clones included in the varietal platform of the PGI "CARCIOFO ROMANESCO DEL LAZIO" used as reference genotypes ("Campagnano", "Castellammare", "C3", and "Grato 1"). Principal component analysis showed that, of the 43 morphological descriptors considered, 12, including plant height, head shape index, head yield, and earliness, allowed a clear grouping of genotypes, distinguishing Orte 1 and Orte 2 populations from the reference genotypes. Regarding the nutritional composition of heads, particular attention should be devoted to the Orte 2 genotypes for their high dietary fibre, inulin, flavonoid, and phenol content, a feature that could be highly appreciated by the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Alicandri
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Paolacci
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giulio Catarcione
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alberto Del Lungo
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Valentina Iacoponi
- Agenzia Regionale per lo Sviluppo e l'Innovazione dell'Agricoltura del Lazio (ARSIAL), Via Rodolfo Lanciani, 38, 00162 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pati
- Agenzia Regionale per lo Sviluppo e l'Innovazione dell'Agricoltura del Lazio (ARSIAL), Via Rodolfo Lanciani, 38, 00162 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scarascia Mugnozza
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Mario Ciaffi
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Luo Y, Zhang M, Guo Z, Wijayanti D, Xu H, Jiang F, Lan X. Insertion/Deletion (InDel) Variants within the Sheep Fat-Deposition-Related PDGFD Gene Strongly Affect Morphological Traits. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091485. [PMID: 37174523 PMCID: PMC10177341 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor D (PDGFD) is a member of the PDGF gene family, and it plays an important role in the regulation of adipocyte development in mammals. Furthermore, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have previously identified it as a candidate gene associated with fleece fiber variation, body size, and the fat-tail phenotype in domestic Chinese sheep. In this study, a total of 1919 indigenous Chinese sheep were genotyped to examine the association between nucleotide sequence variations in PDGFD and body morphology. Our results detected both a 14 bp insertion in intron 2 and a 13 bp deletion in intron 4 of PDGFD. Moreover, these two InDel loci had low to moderate polymorphism. Notably, the 13 bp deletion mutation of PDGFD was found to significantly affect sheep body size. Yearling rams in the Luxi black-headed sheep (LXBH) containing a heterozygous genotype (insertion/deletion, ID) were found to have larger body length, chest depth, and body weight than those with wild genotypes. Furthermore, adult ewes in the Guiqian semi-fine wool sheep (GSFW) containing a homozygous mutation (deletion/deletion, DD) were found to have smaller chest width than their peers. Moreover, yearling ewes in this group with the same homozygous mutation were found to have lower body weight, chest width, and cannon circumference compared to those of other individuals. This study demonstrates that PDGFD InDel polymorphisms have the potential to be effective molecular markers to improve morphological traits in domestic Chinese sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mengyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhengang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Bijie Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science Research Institute, Bijie 551700, China
| | - Dwi Wijayanti
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Fugui Jiang
- Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Zhang L, Li Y, Bai W, Lambers H, Zhang WH. Morphological and physiological traits of dominant plant species in response to mowing in a temperate steppe. Ecol Appl 2023:e2863. [PMID: 37185997 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Mowing is a common grassland management to feed livestock during winter by harvesting hay in autumn in many high latitude regions. Trait-based approach has been used to explain the responses of plant community to disturbance resulting from environmental changes and human activities. However, few studies have focused on the mechanisms underlying responses of grassland ecosystem to mowing from perspective of plant traits. Here, we investigated the effects of mowing on plant community of a temperate steppe in Inner Mongolia of northern China by field experiments to dissect the trade-off between morphological and physiological traits in response to short-term (4 years) and long-term (16 years) mowing. Specifically, we evaluated the two strategies associated with nutrient acquisition of two dominant species in response to mowing by measuring leaf and root morphological traits and physiological traits of root carboxylate exudation, AMF colonization and soil microbial community. We found that long-term mowing, but not short-term mowing, led to an increase in species richness. In addition, mowing decreased overall plant biomass of grassland community, but enhanced and suppressed growth of forbs and grasses, respectively. However, the ratio of forbs to grasses in the community was dependent on mowing duration, such that the forbs became more dominant than the grasses under long-term mowing. Our results revealed that short-term mowing reduced soil microbial biodiversity and root colonization of AMF in the grass Stipa krylovii, while root AMF colonization and carboxylate exudation in the forb Artemisia frigida were enhanced by short-term mowing. In long-term mowing, the functional traits associated with leaf resource conservation (i.e. leaf tissue density) and root resource acquisition were reduced in the grass, while the functional traits related to leaf resource acquisition and root resource conservation were increased in the forb, highlighting the species-specific and divergence in leaf and root traits in the grass and forb of temperate steppe in response to mowing. These novel findings demonstrate that physiological and morphological strategies are main drivers for dominant species in response to mowing in temperate grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenming Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- National Academy for Green Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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26
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Wilde BC, Bragg JG, Cornwell W. Analyzing trait-climate relationships within and among taxa using machine learning and herbarium specimens. Am J Bot 2023; 110:e16167. [PMID: 37043678 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Continental-scale leaf trait studies can help explain how plants survive in different environments, but large data sets are costly to assemble at this scale. Automating the measurement of digitized herbarium collections could rapidly expand the data available to such studies. We used machine learning to identify and measure leaves from existing, digitized herbarium specimens. The process was developed, validated, and applied to analyses of relationships between leaf size and climate within and among species for two genera: Syzygium (Myrtaceae) and Ficus (Moraceae). METHODS Convolutional neural network (CNN) models were used to detect and measure complete leaves in images. Predictions of a model trained with a set of 35 randomly selected images and a second model trained with 35 user-selected images were compared using a set of 50 labeled validation images. The validated models were then applied to 1227 Syzygium and 2595 Ficus specimens digitized by the National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australia. Leaf area measurements were made for each genus and used to examine links between leaf size and climate. RESULTS The user-selected training method for Syzygium found more leaves (9347 vs. 8423) using fewer training masks (218 vs. 225), and found leaves with a greater range of sizes than the random image training method. Within each genus, leaf size was positively associated with temperature and rainfall, consistent with previous observations. However, within species, the associations between leaf size and environmental variables were weaker. CONCLUSIONS CNNs detected and measured leaves with levels of accuracy useful for trait extraction and analysis and illustrate the potential for machine learning of herbarium specimens to massively increase global leaf trait data sets. Within-species relationships were weak, suggesting that population history and gene flow have a strong effect at this level. Herbarium specimens and machine learning could expand sampling of trait data within many species, offering new insights into trait evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan C Wilde
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, The Royal Botanic Garden Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jason G Bragg
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, The Royal Botanic Garden Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - William Cornwell
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, 2052, New South Wales, Australia
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27
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Rahman NEB, Smith SW, Lam WN, Chong KY, Chua MSE, Teo PY, Lee DWJ, Phua SY, Aw CY, Lee JSH, Wardle DA. Leaf decomposition and flammability are largely decoupled across species in a tropical swamp forest despite sharing some predictive leaf functional traits. New Phytol 2023; 238:598-611. [PMID: 36651117 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Decomposition and fire are major carbon pathways in many ecosystems, yet potential linkages between these processes are poorly understood. We test whether variability in decomposability and flammability across species are related to each other and to key plant functional traits in tropical swamp forests, where habitat degradation is elevating decomposition and fire regimes. Using senesced and fresh leaves of 22 swamp tree species in Singapore, we conducted an in situ decomposition experiment and a laboratory flammability experiment. We analysed 16 leaf physical and biochemical traits as predictors of decomposability and components of flammability: combustibility, ignitability and sustainability. Decomposability and flammability were largely decoupled across species, despite some shared predictive traits such as specific leaf area (SLA). Physical traits predicted that thicker leaves with a smaller SLA and volume decomposed faster, while various cation concentrations predicted flammability components, particularly ignitability. We show that flammability and decomposability of swamp forest leaves are decoupled because flammability is mostly driven by biochemical traits, while decomposition is driven by physical traits. Our approach identifies species that are slow to decompose and burn (e.g. Calophyllum tetrapterum and Xanthophyllum flavescens), which could be planted to mitigate carbon losses in tropical swamp reforestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur E B Rahman
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore City, 637459, Singapore
| | - Stuart W Smith
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore City, 637459, Singapore
- Ecology, Conservation and Zoonosis Research and Enterprise Group, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Weng Ngai Lam
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore City, 637459, Singapore
| | - Kwek Yan Chong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, Singapore City, 117558, Singapore
- Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore City, 259 569, Singapore
| | - Matthias S E Chua
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore City, 637459, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, Singapore City, 117558, Singapore
| | - Pei Yun Teo
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore City, 637459, Singapore
| | - Daniel W J Lee
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore City, 637459, Singapore
| | - Shi Yu Phua
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore City, 637459, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Y Aw
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore City, 637459, Singapore
| | - Janice S H Lee
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore City, 637459, Singapore
| | - David A Wardle
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore City, 637459, Singapore
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Sardar H, Khalid Z, Ahsan M, Naz S, Nawaz A, Ahmad R, Razzaq K, Wabaidur SM, Jacquard C, Širić I, Kumar P, Abou Fayssal S. Enhancement of Salinity Stress Tolerance in Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) via Foliar Application of Nitric Oxide. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12051115. [PMID: 36903975 PMCID: PMC10005404 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress negatively affects the growth, development, and yield of horticultural crops. Nitric oxide (NO) is considered a signaling molecule that plays a key role in the plant defense system under salt stress. This study investigated the impact of exogenous application of 0.2 mM of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, an NO donor) on the salt tolerance and physiological and morphological characteristics of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under salt stress (25, 50, 75, and 100 mM). Salt stress caused a marked decrease in growth, yield, carotenoids and photosynthetic pigments in stressed plants as compared to control ones. Results showed that salt stress significantly affected the oxidative compounds (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) and non-oxidative compounds (ascorbic acid, total phenols, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, and H2O2) in lettuce. Moreover, salt stress decreased nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium ions (K+) while increasing Na ions (Na+) in the leaves of lettuce under salt stress. The exogenous application of NO increased ascorbic acid, total phenols, antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, and APX) and MDA content in the leaves of lettuce under salt stress. In addition, the exogenous application of NO decreased H2O2 content in plants under salt stress. Moreover, the exogenous application of NO increased leaf N in control, and leaf P and leaf and root K+ content in all treatments while decreasing leaf Na+ in salt-stressed lettuce plants. These results provide evidence that the exogenous application of NO on lettuce helps mitigate salt stress effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Sardar
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Khalid
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahsan
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Safina Naz
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Nawaz
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan 29111, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Razzaq
- Department of Horticulture, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Saikh M. Wabaidur
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cédric Jacquard
- Research Unit Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, University of Reims, EA 4707 USC INRAe 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Ivan Širić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, India
| | - Sami Abou Fayssal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski Blvd, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Beirut 1302, Lebanon
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Takanashi H. Genetic control of morphological traits useful for improving sorghum. Breed Sci 2023; 73:57-69. [PMID: 37168813 PMCID: PMC10165342 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change and global warming, coupled with the growing population, have raised concerns about sustainable food supply and bioenergy demand. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] ranks fifth among cereals produced worldwide; it is a C4 crop with a higher stress tolerance than other major cereals and has a wide range of uses, such as grains, forage, and biomass. Therefore, sorghum has attracted attention as a promising crop for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). In addition, sorghum is a suitable genetic model for C4 grasses because of its high morphological diversity and relatively small genome size compared to other C4 grasses. Although sorghum breeding and genetic studies have lagged compared to other crops such as rice and maize, recent advances in research have identified several genes and many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control important agronomic traits in sorghum. This review outlines traits and genetic information with a focus on morphogenetic aspects that may be useful in sorghum breeding for grain and biomass utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Takanashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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Khan N, Okla M, Al-amri S, Al-Qahtani W, Abdel-Maksoud M, AbdElgawad H. Traits plasticity of Sodom Apple ( Calotropis procera) along the environmental gradient in the semi-arid environment. Front Plant Sci 2023; 13:1047632. [PMID: 36844907 PMCID: PMC9945254 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1047632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biomass and morphological characteristics of plant species provide essential insight into how well a species adapts to its environment. The study aims to evaluate how environmental variables (viz., altitude, slope, aspect degree, and soil properties) influence the morphological traits and biomass variability of Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton in a semi-arid environment. C. procera sample locations were divided into 39 permanent sites (5×5 = 25 m2). Slope, aspect degree, slope aspect, altitude, and soil variables (soil moisture, organic matter, nitrogen (N %), and phosphorus (P) gradients were used to quantify morphological parameters (height, diameters, canopy area, volume, and leave/branch biomass) and aboveground biomass. Environmental variables, i.e., altitude and aspect degree, were the most important factor influencing the biomass variation and affecting soil moisture content; however, they did not directly affect the total biomass of the species. The results also reveal significant plasticity in morphological traits exists concerning elevation and aspect degree at (p< 0.05). Plant volume was a better indicator of species' total biomass revealed from the regression model showing significant at p< 0.05. The study also reveals that soil properties such as soil moisture and Phosphorus have an important role in enhancing the productivity of the studied plant species. The results concluded that plants functional traits and biomass shows significant variation across the altitude and these parameters could be consider in the conservation of this native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrullah Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Okla
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Al-amri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wahidah Al-Qahtani
- Department of Food Sciences & Nutrition, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa Abdel-Maksoud
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Mariotti B, Martini S, Raddi S, Ugolini F, Oliet JA, Jacobs DF, Maltoni A. Cultivation Using Coir Substrate and P or K Enriched Fertilizer Provides Higher Resistance to Drought in Ecologically Diverse Quercus Species. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:525. [PMID: 36771610 PMCID: PMC9920752 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nursery cultivation practices can be modified to increase resistance to water stress in forest seedlings following field establishment, which may be increasingly important under climate change. We evaluated the morphological (survival, growth) and physiological (chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf water potential) responses to water stress for three ecologically diverse Quercus species (Q. robur, Q. pubescens, and Q. ilex) with varying traits resulting from the combination of growing media (peat, coir) and fertilization (standard, P-enriched, K-enriched). For all species under water stress, seedlings grown in coir had generally higher growth than those grown in peat. Seedlings fertilized with P performed better, particularly for survival; conversely, K fertilization resulted in inconsistent findings. Such results could be explained by a combination of factors. P fertilization resulted in higher P accumulation in seedlings, while no K accumulation was observed in K fertilized seedlings. As expected, the more drought-sensitive species, Q. robur, showed the worst response, while Q. pubescens had a drought resistance equal or better to Q. ilex despite being classified as intermediate in drought resistance in Mediterranean environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mariotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali—DAGRI, Università di Firenze, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Sofia Martini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali—DAGRI, Università di Firenze, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Sabrina Raddi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali—DAGRI, Università di Firenze, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesca Ugolini
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Juan A. Oliet
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Douglass F. Jacobs
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Alberto Maltoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali—DAGRI, Università di Firenze, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145 Firenze, Italy
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Sari H, Eker T, Tosun HS, Mutlu N, Celik I, Toker C. Mapping QTLs for Super-Earliness and Agro-Morphological Traits in RILs Population Derived from Interspecific Crosses between Pisum sativum × P. fulvum. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:663-676. [PMID: 36661530 PMCID: PMC9857310 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Earliness in crop plants has a vital role in prevention of heat-induced drought stress and in combating global warming, which is predicted to exacerbate in the near future. Furthermore, earliness may expand production into northern areas or higher altitudes, having relatively shorter growing season and may also expand arable lands to meet global food demands. The primary objective of the present study was to investigate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for super-earliness and important agro-morphological traits in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from an interspecific cross. A population of 114 RILs developed through single-seed descent from an interspecific cross involving Pisum sativum L. and P. fulvum Sibth. et Sm. was evaluated to identify QTLs for super-earliness and important agro-morphological traits. A genetic map was constructed with 44 SSRs markers representing seven chromosomes with a total length of 262.6 cM. Of the 14 QTLs identified, two were for super-earliness on LG2, one for plant height on LG3, six for number of pods per plant on LG2, LG4, LG5 and LG6, one for number of seeds per pod on LG6, one for pod length on LG4 and three for harvest index on LG3, LG5, and LG6. AA205 and AA372-1 flanking markers for super-earliness QTLs were suggested for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in pea breeding programs due to high heritability of the trait. This is the first study to map QTLs originating from P. sativum and P. fulvum recently identified species with super-earliness character and the markers (AA205 and AA372-1) linked to QTLs were valuable molecular tools for pea breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Sari
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Tuba Eker
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Hilal Sule Tosun
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Nedim Mutlu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Ag-Biotech, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Celik
- Department of Agricultural and Livestock Production, Pamukkale University, Denizli 20700, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Toker
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (C.T.)
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Tofah ML, Mseddi K, Al-Abbasi OK, Ben Yazid A, Khechine A, Gdoura R, Khannous L. A New Lavender (Lavandula multifida L.) Ecotype from Arid Tunisia, with Differential Essential Oil Composition and Higher Antimicrobial Potential. Life (Basel) 2022; 13. [PMID: 36676052 DOI: 10.3390/life13010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The lavender Lavandula multifida L., a medicinal plant grown in arid regions of Tunisia, was recently considered an endangered species; thus, its habitats regressed to some difficult zones in terms of access, such as the watershed of Oued Agareb in central-eastern Tunisia. This species was recorded only in deep and narrow shady Wadi of the watershed and benefited from protection against overgrazing, erosion and sunlight. L. multifida was rarely observed in an open area, such as a plateau or large-bed valley. The plant's metabolism is linked to its response to environmental conditions, which is of particular interest to understanding the components of the considered population of L. multifida. Consequently, biochemical and antimicrobial analyses have been evaluated. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis reveals that among the 58 compounds identified in L. multifida essential oil extracted from aboveground plant tissues, camphor was the major component (15.68%), followed by 1,8-cineole (14.14%) and alpha-pinene (13.82%). Moreover, it has been observed that Escherichia coli was more susceptible than Staphylococcus aureus to the antimicrobial properties of L. multifida essential oil, while in the case of camphor, S. aureus was more susceptible than E. coli. The protected population of L. multifida exhibits a distinctive vegetative development and growth cycle, resulting in specific secondary metabolites and distinguished antimicrobial activity.
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Parashuram S, Singh NV, Gaikwad NN, Corrado G, Roopa Sowjanya P, Basile B, Devaraja NS, Chandra R, Babu KD, Patil PG, Kumar P, Singh A, Marathe RA. Morphological, Biochemical, and Molecular Diversity of an Indian Ex Situ Collection of Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.). Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3518. [PMID: 36559629 PMCID: PMC9781629 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum, L.) is a fruit tree that is increasingly popular worldwide due to the health-related properties of the fruit juice. While several studies highlighted the rich phytochemical diversity, few efforts have been devoted to an integrative understanding of the level of diversity of this species. This study investigated the diversity of 40 pomegranate accessions in an Indian ex situ collection by using twenty-nine morphological traits, six biochemical parameters, and twenty-nine Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers. Among the evaluated traits, fruit volume (23.34% CV), fruit weight (21.12% CV), and fruit color (*a) (22.69 % CV) largely contributed to the morphological classification. Based on Mahalanobis D2 distance and Tocher's clustering, the 40 pomegranate accessions were grouped into eight clusters, partly consistent with their origin. Specifically, cultivars introduced from foreign countries were present in distinct clusters. The SSR marker analysis generated 66 alleles. The observed heterozygosity values ranged from 0.05 to 0.63, with a mean value of 0.30. Maximum molecular genetic dissimilarity was observed between 'IC-318720' and 'Gul-e-Shah Red' (0.30). The neighbor-joining dendrogram separated wild accessions from cultivated varieties. The combination of morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization allowed for comprehensively characterizing the pomegranate diversity and provided information on the relationships between the different aspects of the diversity. This work also suggests that the origin of the accessions is an important factor of discrimination and that the level of admixture between local and foreign material is currently limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Parashuram
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Kegaon, Solpaur 413255, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nripendra Vikram Singh
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Kegaon, Solpaur 413255, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Giandomenico Corrado
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - P. Roopa Sowjanya
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Kegaon, Solpaur 413255, Maharashtra, India
| | - Boris Basile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Nitesh Shirur Devaraja
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur 208002, Utter Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Chandra
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Kegaon, Solpaur 413255, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Prakash Goudappa Patil
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Kegaon, Solpaur 413255, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342003, Rajasthan, India
| | - Akath Singh
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342003, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajiv Arvind Marathe
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Kegaon, Solpaur 413255, Maharashtra, India
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Sugier P, Rysiak A, Sugier D, Winiarczyk K, Wołkowycki D, Kołos A. Differentiation and Propagation Potential of Arnica montana L. Achenes as a Consequence of the Morphological Diversity of Flowers and the Position of Flower Heads on the Plant. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11243424. [PMID: 36559536 PMCID: PMC9785536 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arnica montana L. is a very important medicinal plant and simultaneously a European endemic endangered plant species. The morphological features and details of seed development and achene variability are poorly recognized. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the achene position in the infructescence and the location of the inflorescence on the plant on the (i) morphological characteristics and germination ability of achenes, and (ii) recruitment of seedlings and their biometric features. Infructescences containing fully ripe achenes were randomly collected from A. montana individuals for the measurements and the germination experiment. Scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and light microscopy were used for characterization of flowers and achenes. The morphological traits of achenes and reproductive characteristics of A. montana were determined by the position of the achenes in the infructescence and the location of the inflorescence on the plant. The surface of arnica achenes is equipped with non-glandular and glandular trichomes, which is very rarely presented in species of the family Asteraceae. It is possible that the fluid-containing glandular trichomes are a source of essential oils. The peripherally located achenes were longer, thinner, and lighter. They were characterized by lower embryo weight, lower embryo/achene weight ratio, and lower germination capacity in comparison to the centrally located ones. The results presented in this article fill the gap in the knowledge of the morphology of achenes and the biology of the species, and provide information that can help in breeding programs, active protection, and field cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Sugier
- Department of Botany, Mycology and Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Rysiak
- Department of Botany, Mycology and Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Danuta Sugier
- Department of Industrial and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krystyna Winiarczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dan Wołkowycki
- Department of Forest Environment, Institute of Forest Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, 45E Wiejska Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
| | - Aleksander Kołos
- Department of Forest Environment, Institute of Forest Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, 45E Wiejska Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
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Dakuyo R, Konaté K, Bazié D, Sanou A, Kaboré K, Sama H, Santara B, Konkobo FA, Dicko MH. Correlating the morphology of Anacardium occidentale L. fruits from 30 orchards with their physicochemical and nutritional properties. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1033577. [PMID: 36531375 PMCID: PMC9752920 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1033577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is a cross-pollinating plant whose fruit consists of two parts, the nut, and the apple. This study aimed to carry out agro-morphological characteristics of cashew fruits to establish relationships with their physicochemical and nutritional properties. Thirty (30) cashew accessions fruits were sampled in different regions of Burkina Faso. The length, width, thickness, weight, yield, kernel output ratio (KOR), proximate composition, specific minerals, phenolic compounds, and anti-nutritional factors were assessed. Evaluations were made using standard methods. The results showed significant variations in agro-morphological, physicochemical and nutritional traits depending on the accessions and the organ. Also, the ratio of apple mass versus nut one was about 12.24 ± 1.24. Kernels are an important source of proteins, fat, total phenolic compounds, and flavonoids, with average contents of 22.84 ± 1.25 g/100 g, 51.65 ± 2.54 g/100 g, 9.78 ± 2.15 mg GAE/g, and 6.24 ± 12.15 mg QE/g, respectively. As for the apples, they contained substantial quantities of Potassium, Phosphorus, Chlorine, and Magnesium with contents of 611.24 ± 14.5 mg/100 g, 418.24 ± 16.47 mg/100 g, 332.24 ± 10.54 mg/100 g, and 224.95 ± 13.15 mg/100 g, respectively. Statistical analyses showed that mineral and phytate contents were positively correlated to cashew apples while phenolic compounds and tannins were strongly correlated with walnuts. Principal component analyses showed three groups of accessions based on apples and kernels characteristics. These data showed a direct relationship between cashew physicochemical, nutritional potentials, kernels, and apples' agro-morphological characteristics. These data constitute an important basis for the identification of cashew accessions with high nutritional and economic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Dakuyo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Kiessoun Konaté
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Applied Sciences and Technologies Training and Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Dedougou, Dedougou, Burkina Faso
| | - David Bazié
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoudramane Sanou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Kabakdé Kaboré
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Hemayoro Sama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Balmoussa Santara
- Training and Research Unit in Life and Earth Sciences, Nazi BONI University, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Frédéric Anderson Konkobo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Mamoudou Hama Dicko
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Kayoumu M, Li X, Iqbal A, Wang X, Gui H, Qi Q, Ruan S, Guo R, Dong Q, Zhang X, Song M. Genetic variation in morphological traits in cotton and their roles in increasing phosphorus-use-efficiency in response to low phosphorus availability. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1051080. [PMID: 36531355 PMCID: PMC9749730 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1051080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient required for fundamental processes in plants. Trait plasticity is crucial for plant adaptation to environmental change. Variations in traits underlie diverse phosphorus (P) acquisition strategies among plants. Nevertheless, how the intraspecific plasticity and integration of morphological traits contribute to Phosphorus-Use-Efficiency (PUE) in cotton is unknown. In this study, 25 morphological traits were evaluated in 384 cotton genotypes grown with low P (LP, 10μmol. L-1) and normal nutrition (CK, 500μmol. L-1) to assess the genetic variability of morphological traits and their relationship to phosphorus use efficiency. Results revealed a large genetic variation in mostly morphological traits under low P. Significant enhancement in root traits and phosphorus efficiency-related traits like PUE was observed at LP as compared to CK conditions. In response to low P availability, cotton genotypes showed large plasticity in shoot and total dry biomass, phosphorus, and nitrogen efficiency-related traits (i.e., phosphorus/nitrogen use efficiency, phosphorus/nitrogen uptake efficiency), and most root traits, but a limited response in root dry biomass, taproot length, root surface area, root volume, and SPAD value. In addition, significant correlations were observed between PUtE (phosphorus uptake efficiency), NUE (nitrogen use efficiency), TDB (total dry biomass), and RTD (root tissue density) with PUE under both P supply level and phosphorus stress index, which may be a key indicator for improving PUE under LP conditions. Most root traits are most affected by genotypes than nutrition level. Conserved PUE is more affected by the nutrition level than the genotype effect. Principal component analysis depicted the comprehensive indicators under two P supply conditions were mainly reflected in root-related traits and morphological indicators such as dry matter biomass. These results indicate that interspecific variations exist within these cotton genotypes and traits. Our study provides suggestions for future research to enhance the ability of the earth system model to predict how crops respond to environmental interference and provide target quality for cotton breeding in phosphorus-deficient areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirezhatijiang Kayoumu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Asif Iqbal
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Huiping Gui
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Qian Qi
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Sijia Ruan
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Ruishi Guo
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiling Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Meizhen Song
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
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Meng KK, Chen SF, Lin M, Liao WB, Jin JH, Fan Q. Eriobotryacrassifolia (Rosaceae), a new species from Yunnan Province, China. PhytoKeys 2022; 214:17-25. [PMID: 36760552 PMCID: PMC9836430 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.214.96425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The new species Eriobotryacrassifolia, collected from Yunnan Province, China, is characterised and illustrated. A phylogeny based on chloroplast genomes supported its closest affinity with E.tengyuehensis, while a phylogeny based on 197 single-copy nuclear genes supported its closest affinity with E.fragrans and E.deflexa. Morphologically, however, it resembles E.angustissima. Nevertheless, it can be easily distinguished from E.angustissima by its abaxially retroflexed and sharply serrate leaf margins, densely rusty tomentose inflorescences, and oblong or elliptic leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Kai Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Su-Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Min Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wen-Bo Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jian-Hua Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Yang XD, Anwar E, Xu YL, Zhou J, Sha LB, Gong XW, Ali A, Gao YC, Liu Y, Ge P. Hydraulic constraints determine the distribution of heteromorphic leaves along plant vertical height. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:941764. [PMID: 36275510 PMCID: PMC9580785 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.941764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As an interesting and important trait of some drought-tolerant species, heteromorphic leaves are distributed differentially along plant vertical heights. However, the underpinning mechanism for the formation of heteromorphic leaves remains unclear. We hypothesize that heteromorphic leaves are caused by the hydraulic constraints possibly due to the compensation of the changes in functional traits in response to water transport capacity or the reduction of ineffective water loss. In this study, differences in water transport capacity, morphological traits, anatomical structures, and cellular water relations among three typical types of heteromorphic leaves (i.e., lanceolate, ovate, and broad-ovate) of Populus euphratica Oliv. (a dominant species of desert riparian forest in Central and West Asia) and their relationships were analyzed in order to explore the forming mechanism of heteromorphic leaves. The results showed that the lanceolate, ovate, and broad-ovate leaves were growing in the lower, intermediate, and higher positions from the ground, respectively. Morphological traits, anatomical structures, cellular water relations, and water transport capacity significantly varied among the three types of heteromorphic leaves (P< 0.01). Drought stress in broad-ovate leaves was significantly higher than that in ovate and lanceolate leaves (P< 0.01). Water transport capacity has significant correlations with morphological traits, anatomical structures, and cellular water relations (R 2 ≥ 0.30; P< 0.01). Our results indicated that heteromorphic leaves were used as an important adaptive strategy for P. euphratica to alleviate the increase of hydraulic constraints along vertical heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Yang
- Department of Geography and Spatial Information/Center for Land and Marine Spatial Utilization and Governance Research, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Institute of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Elhamjan Anwar
- Institute of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yi-Lu Xu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle (UON), Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jie Zhou
- Institute of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Long-Bin Sha
- Institute of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xue-Wei Gong
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Arshad Ali
- Forest Ecology Research Group, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yong-Chao Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yanju Liu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle (UON), Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ping Ge
- Department of Development Planning, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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Effowe TQ, Kasseney BD, Ndiaye AB, Glitho AI. Record of New Termite (Blattodea, Termitidae) Species in Togo West Africa. Insects 2022; 13:841. [PMID: 36135542 PMCID: PMC9503695 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In Africa, despite their economic and ecological importance, termites are still relatively unknown. Their systematic remains uncertain, the approximate number of species for many biogeographic areas is underestimated, and there is still confusion in the identification of the species for many genera. This study combined morphological traits with morphometric measurements to determine several species collected in Togo and provided head illustrations of soldiers. Termites were sampled within the frame of transects laid in several landscapes inside three different parks including: Fosse aux Lions, Galangashie, and Fazao Malfakassa. Samples were grouped by morphospecies and measurements of part of the body (length and/or width of head, mandible, pronotum, gula, and hind tibia) were conducted. Twelve termite species including Foraminitermescorniferus, Lepidotermes sp., Noditermes cristifrons, Noditermes sp. 1 and Noditermes sp. 2, Promirotermes holmgren infera, Promirotermes sp., Unguitermes sp., Amitermes evuncifer, A. guineensis, A. truncatus, and A. spinifer were separated and pictured. Ten new species were added to the check list of the country, including five unidentified ones. Further studies such as biomolecular analysis should be carried out in order to clarify the status of these unknown species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toblie Quashie Effowe
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Appliquée, Département de Zoologie, Université de Lomé, Lomé 01 BP 1515, Togo
| | - Boris Dodji Kasseney
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Appliquée, Département de Zoologie, Université de Lomé, Lomé 01 BP 1515, Togo
| | - Abdoulaye Baïla Ndiaye
- Laboratoire de Zoologie des Invertébrés Terrestres, Département de Biologie Animale, Institut fondamental d’Afrique noire, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 206, Dakar 10700, Senegal
| | - Adolé Isabelle Glitho
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Appliquée, Département de Zoologie, Université de Lomé, Lomé 01 BP 1515, Togo
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Kim JY, Na JK, Kim JH. Morphological Variations between Korean and Southwestern Japanese Lilium leichtlinii Hook. f. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2016. [PMID: 35956494 PMCID: PMC9370479 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine detailed morphological variations within Lilium leichtlinii Hook. f. For investigation, two groups, Korean L. leichtlinii (KR group) and southwestern Japanese broad-leaved L. leichtlinii (JSW group), were compared. In total, 52 morphological characteristics (45 quantitative and 7 qualitative traits) were examined in 59 lily accessions (30 KR and 29 JSW). Forty quantitative traits showed significant heterogeneity (p < 0.05) between JSW and KR accessions, and all seven color-related qualitative traits also exhibited differences. Student’s t-tests and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that major quantitative morphological differences between the two groups included plant height, internode length, upper leaf size, and number of new bulbs. Cluster analysis of 36 morphological traits showed that the KR and JSW accessions belonged to two distinct groups. All together, these results indicate that KR and JSW groups are distal within L. leichtlinii, suggesting that the two groups could be considered different varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Korea;
| | - Jong-Kuk Na
- Department of Controlled Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Korea
| | - Jong-Hwa Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Korea;
- Oriental Bio-Herb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Korea
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Juškevičienė D, Radzevičius A, Viškelis P, Maročkienė N, Karklelienė R. Estimation of Morphological Features and Essential Oil Content of Basils ( Ocimum basilicum L.) Grown under Different Conditions. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11141896. [PMID: 35890530 PMCID: PMC9324572 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out in the experimental field and in unheated greenhouses of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Institute of Horticulture. The investigation aimed to evaluate the morphological features, amount of essential oil, and productivity of 10 basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivars grown under different growing conditions. Studied cultivars were different according to morphological parameters, productivity, and the accumulation of essential oil. Most of the investigated parameters were influenced by growing conditions. Basil plants of cultivars Sweet Genovese and Toscano were determined to be the highest, and their height reached up to 70.5 cm. Cultivar Sweet Genovese was the most productive; its fresh herb mass per plant reached up to 0.71 kg under growing in the open field and greenhouse. Higher air temperature and constant watering of the soil in the greenhouse increased the accumulation of essential oils of basil. The biochemical analyses showed that the essential oil amount of 31% was higher when basils were grown in a greenhouse compared to an open field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danguolė Juškevičienė
- Department of Vegetable Breeding and Technology, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno 30, Kaunas Distr., 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (A.R.); (N.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Audrius Radzevičius
- Department of Vegetable Breeding and Technology, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno 30, Kaunas Distr., 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (A.R.); (N.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Pranas Viškelis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Technology, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno 30, Kaunas Distr., 54333 Babtai, Lithuania;
| | - Nijolė Maročkienė
- Department of Vegetable Breeding and Technology, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno 30, Kaunas Distr., 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (A.R.); (N.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Rasa Karklelienė
- Department of Vegetable Breeding and Technology, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno 30, Kaunas Distr., 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (A.R.); (N.M.); (R.K.)
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Sun SS, Liu XP, Zhao XY, Medina-Roldánd E, He YH, Lv P, Hu HJ. Annual Herbaceous Plants Exhibit Altered Morphological Traits in Response to Altered Precipitation and Drought Patterns in Semiarid Sandy Grassland, Northern China. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:756950. [PMID: 35812936 PMCID: PMC9260268 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.756950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events and severe drought are predicted to increase in semiarid areas due to global climate change. Plant morphological traits can reflect plant responses to a changing environment, such as altered precipitation or drought patterns. In this study, we examined the response of morphological traits of root, stem, leaf and reproduction meristems of annual herbaceous species to altered precipitation and drought patterns in a semiarid sandy grassland. The study involved a control treatment (100% of background precipitation) and the following six altered precipitation treatments: (1) P(+): precipitation increased by 30%, (2) P(++): precipitation increased by 60%, (3) P(-): precipitation decreased by 30%, (4) P(--): precipitation decreased by 60%, (5) drought 1 (D1): 46-day drought from May 1st to June 15th, and (6) drought 2 (D2): 46-day drought from July 1st to August 15th. P(++) significantly increased root length, flower length-to-width ratio, both P(+) and P(++) significantly increased stem length and flower number in the plant growing seasons, while all of them decreased under P(-) and P(--). The annual herbaceous plants marginally increased the number of second-level stem branches and stem diameter in order to better resist the severe drought stress under P(--). P(+) and P(++) increased the root, stem, leaf, and flower dry weight, with the flower dry weight accounting for a larger proportion than the other aboveground parts. Under D2, the plants used the limited water resources more efficiently by increasing the root-to-shoot ratio compared with P(-), P(--) and D1, which reflects biomass allocation to belowground increased. The linear mixed-effects models and redundancy analysis showed that the root-to-shoot ratio and the dry weight of various plant components were significantly affected by morphological traits and altered precipitation magnitude. Our results showed that the herbaceous species have evolved morphological trait responses that allow them to adapt to climate change. Such differences in morphological traits may ultimately affect the growing patterns of annual herbaceous species, enhancing their drought-tolerant capacity in semiarid sandy grassland during the ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Sun
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin-Ping Liu
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xue-Yong Zhao
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Eduardo Medina-Roldánd
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu-Hui He
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Lv
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong-Jiao Hu
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Maglianesi MA, Maruyama PK, Temeles EJ, Schleuning M, Zanata TB, Sazima M, Gutiérrez-Zamora A, Marín-Gómez OH, Rosero-Lasprilla L, Ramírez-Burbano MB, Ruffini AE, Salamanca-Reyes JR, Sazima I, Nuñez-Rosas LE, Arizmendi MDC, Rahbek C, Dalsgaard B. Behavioural and morphological traits influence sex-specific floral resource use by hummingbirds. J Anim Ecol 2022; 91:2171-2180. [PMID: 35596605 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1. Research on resource partitioning in plant-pollinator mutualistic systems is mainly concentrated at the levels of species and communities, whereas differences between males and females are typically ignored. Nevertheless, pollinators often show large sexual differences in behaviour and morphology, which may lead to sex-specific patterns of resource use with the potential to differentially affect plant reproduction and diversification. 2. We investigated variation in behavioural and morphological traits between sexes of hummingbird species as potential mechanisms underlying sex-specific flower resource use in ecological communities. To do so, we compiled a dataset of plant-hummingbird interactions based on pollen loads for 31 hummingbird species from 13 localities across the Americas, complemented by data on territorial behaviour (territorial or nonterritorial) and morphological traits (bill length, bill curvature, wing length and body mass). 3. We assessed the extent of intersexual differences in niche breadth and niche overlap in floral resource use across hummingbird species. Then, we tested whether floral niche breadth and overlap between sexes are associated with sexual dimorphism in behavioural or morphological traits of hummingbird species, while accounting for evolutionary relatedness among the species. 4. We found striking differences in patterns of floral resource use between sex. Females had a broader floral niche breadth and were more dissimilar in the plant species visited with respect to males of the same species, resulting in a high level of resource partitioning between sexes. We found that both territoriality and morphological traits were related to sex-specific resource use by hummingbird species. Notably, niche overlap between sexes was greater for territorial than nonterritorial species, and moreover, niche overlap was negatively associated with sexual dimorphism in bill curvature across hummingbird species. 5. These results reveal the importance of behavioural and morphological traits of hummingbird species in sex-specific resource use and that resource partitioning by sex is likely to be an important mechanism to reduce intersexual competition in hummingbirds. These findings highlight the need for better understanding the putative role of intersexual variation in shaping patterns of interactions and plant reproduction in ecological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Maglianesi
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Universidad Estatal a Distancia, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Pietro K Maruyama
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Thais B Zanata
- Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Marlies Sazima
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biología, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Oscar H Marín-Gómez
- Grupo de Investigación y Asesoría en Estadística. Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia.,Center for Global Mountain Biodiversity, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liliana Rosero-Lasprilla
- Grupo de Investigación Biología para la Conservación, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de, Colombia
| | - Mónica B Ramírez-Burbano
- Grupo Ecología y Diversidad Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali, Colombia
| | - Alejandra E Ruffini
- E. Ruffini. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Unidad Postal Universidad, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
| | | | - Ivan Sazima
- Museu de Biodiversidade Biológica, Instituto de Biología, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Laura E Nuñez-Rosas
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México
| | - María Del Coro Arizmendi
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México
| | - Carsten Rahbek
- Center for Global Mountain Biodiversity, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Bo Dalsgaard
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Guo A, Zuo X, Hu Y, Yue P, Li X, Lv P, Zhao S. Two Dominant Herbaceous Species Have Different Plastic Responses to N Addition in a Desert Steppe. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:801427. [PMID: 35557730 PMCID: PMC9087737 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.801427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition rates are increasing in the temperate steppe due to human activities. Understanding the plastic responses of plant dominant species to increased N deposition through the lens of multiple traits is crucial for species selection in the process of vegetation restoration. Here, we measured leaf morphological, physiological, and anatomical traits of two dominant species (Stipa glareosa and Peganum harmala) after 3-year N addition (0, 1, 3, and 6 g N m-2 year-1, designated N0, N1, N3, and N6, respectively) in desert steppe of Inner Mongolia. We separately calculated the phenotypic plasticity index (PI) of each trait under different N treatments and the mean phenotypic plasticity index (MPI) of per species. The results showed that N addition increased the leaf N content (LNC) in both species. N6 increased the contents of soluble protein and proline, and decreased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the peroxidase (POD) activities of S. glareosa, while increased POD and catalase (CAT) activities of P. harmala. N6 increased the palisade tissue thickness (PT), leaf thickness (LT), and palisade-spongy tissue ratio (PT/ST) and decreased the spongy tissue-leaf thickness ratio (ST/LT) of S. glareosa. Furthermore, we found higher physiological plasticity but lower morphological and anatomical plasticity in both species, with greater anatomical plasticity and MPI in S. glareosa than P. harmala. Overall, multi-traits comparison reveals that two dominant desert-steppe species differ in their plastic responses to N addition. The higher plasticity of S. glareosa provides some insight into why S. glareosa has a broad distribution in a desert steppe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixia Guo
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoan Zuo
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ya Hu
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Yue
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangyun Li
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Lv
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shenglong Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, China
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Hughes EC, Edwards DP, Bright JA, Capp EJR, Cooney CR, Varley ZK, Thomas GH. Global biogeographic patterns of avian morphological diversity. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:598-610. [PMID: 35199925 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the biogeographical patterns, and evolutionary and environmental drivers, underpinning morphological diversity are key for determining its origins and conservation. Using a comprehensive set of continuous morphological traits extracted from museum collections of 8353 bird species, including geometric morphometric beak shape data, we find that avian morphological diversity is unevenly distributed globally, even after controlling for species richness, with exceptionally dense packing of species in hyper-diverse tropical hotspots. At the regional level, these areas also have high morphological variance, with species exhibiting high phenotypic diversity. Evolutionary history likely plays a key role in shaping these patterns, with evolutionarily old species contributing to niche expansion, and young species contributing to niche packing. Taken together, these results imply that the tropics are both 'cradles' and 'museums' of phenotypic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Hughes
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - David P Edwards
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jen A Bright
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Elliot J R Capp
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Zoë K Varley
- Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Tring, UK
| | - Gavin H Thomas
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Tring, UK
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47
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Nabwire S, Wakholi C, Faqeerzada MA, Arief MAA, Kim MS, Baek I, Cho BK. Estimation of Cold Stress, Plant Age, and Number of Leaves in Watermelon Plants Using Image Analysis. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:847225. [PMID: 35251113 PMCID: PMC8895302 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.847225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a widely consumed, nutritious fruit, rich in water and sugars. In most crops, abiotic stresses caused by changes in temperature, moisture, etc., are a significant challenge during production. Due to the temperature sensitivity of watermelon plants, temperatures must be closely monitored and controlled when the crop is cultivated in controlled environments. Studies have found direct responses to these stresses include reductions in leaf size, number of leaves, and plant size. Stress diagnosis based on plant morphological features (e.g., shape, color, and texture) is important for phenomics studies. The purpose of this study is to classify watermelon plants exposed to low-temperature stress conditions from the normal ones using features extracted using image analysis. In addition, an attempt was made to develop a model for estimating the number of leaves and plant age (in weeks) using the extracted features. A model was developed that can classify normal and low-temperature stress watermelon plants with 100% accuracy. The R2, RMSE, and mean absolute difference (MAD) of the predictive model for the number of leaves were 0.94, 0.87, and 0.88, respectively, and the R2 and RMSE of the model for estimating the plant age were 0.92 and 0.29 weeks, respectively. The models developed in this study can be utilized in high-throughput phenotyping systems for growth monitoring and analysis of phenotypic traits during watermelon cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona Nabwire
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Collins Wakholi
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | | | - Moon S. Kim
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Insuck Baek
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Byoung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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48
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Ou C, Sun T, Liu X, Li C, Li M, Wang X, Ren H, Zhao Z, Zhuang F. Detection of Chromosomal Segments Introgressed from Wild Species of Carrot into Cultivars: Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping for Morphological Features in Backcross Inbred Lines. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:391. [PMID: 35161370 PMCID: PMC8840429 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated carrot is thought to have been domesticated from a wild species, and various phenotypes developed through human domestication and selection over the past several centuries. Little is known about the genomic contribution of wild species to the phenotypes of present-day cultivars, although several studies have focused on identifying genetic loci that contribute to the morphology of storage roots. A backcross inbred line (BIL) population derived from a cross between the wild species Daucus carota ssp. carota "Songzi" and the orange cultivar "Amsterdam forcing" was developed. The morphological features in the BIL population became more diverse after several generations of selfing BC2F1 plants. Only few lines retained features of wild parent. Genomic resequencing of the two parental lines and the BILs resulted in 3,223,651 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and 13,445 bin markers were generated using a sliding window approach. We constructed a genetic map with 2027 bins containing 154,776 SNPs; the total genetic distance was 1436.43 cM and the average interval between the bins was 0.71 cm. Five stable QTLs related to root length, root shoulder width, dry material content of root, and ratio of root shoulder width to root middle width were consistently detected on chromosome 2 in both years and explained 23.4-66.9% of the phenotypic variance. The effects of introgressed genomic segments from the wild species on the storage root are reported and will enable the identification of functional genes that control root morphological traits in carrot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Ou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; (C.O.); (T.S.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (X.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Tingting Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; (C.O.); (T.S.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (X.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; (C.O.); (T.S.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (X.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Chengjiang Li
- Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Suzhou 234000, China; (C.L.); (H.R.)
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; (C.O.); (T.S.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (X.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xuewei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; (C.O.); (T.S.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (X.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Huaifu Ren
- Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Suzhou 234000, China; (C.L.); (H.R.)
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; (C.O.); (T.S.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (X.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Feiyun Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; (C.O.); (T.S.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (X.W.); (Z.Z.)
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49
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Katoch M, Mane RS, Chahota RK. Identification of QTLs Linked to Phenological and Morphological Traits in RILs Population of Horsegram ( Macrotyloma uniflorum). Front Genet 2022; 12:762604. [PMID: 35145543 PMCID: PMC8821879 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.762604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Horsegram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.] is an important legume but understudied in terms of its genetic improvement. Genetic information on various phenological and morphological traits may help in the utilization of new genes for breeding in horsegram and thus affect agronomic practices and crop yield. A total of 162 recombinant inbred lines derived from intraspecific crosses between HPKM249 × HPK4 was used to construct a genetic linkage map and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with phenological and morphological traits. Of the total 2011 molecular markers, which were screened on parental lines for polymorphism survey, 493 markers were found to be polymorphic and used for genotyping of recombinant inbred line population. Out of 493 polymorphic markers, 295 were mapped on ten linkage groups at LOD 3.5 spanning a total distance of 1,541.7 cM with an average distance between markers of 5.20 cM. Phenotypic data of two years at two different locations were used to identify QTLs by composite interval mapping A total of four QTLs (LOD ≥2.5) for phenological traits (days to 50% flowering, reproductive period and days to maturity) and seven QTLs (LOD ≥2.5) for morphological traits (plant height, primary branches and secondary branches) were detected across different environments. The phenotypic variation explained by QTLs ranged from 6.36 to 47.53%. The present study will help to augment scanty genomic information in this orphan crop that would provide genomics tools to breeders for its genetic enhancement through molecular-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Katoch
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, CSK HP Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Himachal Pradesh, India
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50
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Facchini E, De Iorio MG, Turri F, Pizzi F, Laurino D, Porporato M, Rizzi R, Pagnacco G. Investigating Genetic and Phenotypic Variability of Queen Bees: Morphological and Reproductive Traits. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3054. [PMID: 34827786 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality of the honeybee queen has an important effect on a colony's development, productivity, and survival. Queen failure or loss is considered a leading cause for colonies' mortality worldwide. The queen's quality, resulting from her genetic background, developmental conditions, mating success, and environment, can be assessed by some morphological measures. The study aims to investigate variability for traits that could assess the quality of the queen. Related animals were enrolled in this study. Variance components were estimated fitting a mixed animal model to collected data. Heritabilities of body and tagmata weights ranged from 0.46 to 0.54, whereas lower estimates were found for the tagmata width and wing length. Heritabilities estimated for the spermatheca diameter and volume, number of ovarioles, and number of sperms were 0.17, 0.88, 0.70, and 0.57, respectively. Many phenotypic correlations related to size were high and positive, while weak correlations were found between morphology and reproductive traits. Introducing a queen's traits in a selection program could improve colonies' survivability. Further research should focus on better defining the correlations between the individual qualities of a queen and her colony's performance.
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