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Aboul-Enein BH, Kelly PJ, Raddi S, Keller T, Almoayad F. Effectiveness of hand hygiene campaigns and interventions across the League of Arab States: a region-wide scoping review. J Hosp Infect 2024; 147:161-179. [PMID: 38492646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Hand hygiene is a standard public health practice for limiting the spread of infectious diseases, yet they are still not routine global health behaviours. This review aimed to examine the effectiveness of various hand hygiene interventions conducted across the League of Arab States, identify gaps in the existing literature, and propose areas for future research and intervention development. A scoping review was conducted across 16 databases for relevant publications published up to and including October 2023. Forty studies met the inclusion criteria; of these, 34 were hospital-based and six community-based. Of the reviewed studies, 24 provided adequate details that would enable replication of their intervention. Eighteen of the studies used some variation of the World Health Organization's Five Moments for intervention content or assessment. More than half (N = 25) reported healthcare worker or student hand hygiene behaviours as an outcome and 15 studies also included some form of patient-centred outcomes. Six studies specified the use of theory or framework for their evaluation design or intervention content, and four studies mentioned use of local government guidelines or recommendations. Future research should focus on bridging the literature gaps by emphasizing community-based studies and integrating cultural nuances into intervention designs. Additionally, applying theoretical frameworks to hand hygiene studies could enhance understanding and effectiveness, ensuring sustainable improvements in hygiene practices across diverse settings in the League of Arab States.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Aboul-Enein
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London, UK.
| | - P J Kelly
- Thomas Jefferson University, College of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S Raddi
- University of Bisha, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - T Keller
- New Mexico State University, School of Nursing, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - F Almoayad
- Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Mariotti B, Martini S, Raddi S, Ugolini F, Oliet JA, Jacobs DF, Maltoni A. Cultivation Using Coir Substrate and P or K Enriched Fertilizer Provides Higher Resistance to Drought in Ecologically Diverse Quercus Species. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:525. [PMID: 36771610 PMCID: PMC9920752 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nursery cultivation practices can be modified to increase resistance to water stress in forest seedlings following field establishment, which may be increasingly important under climate change. We evaluated the morphological (survival, growth) and physiological (chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf water potential) responses to water stress for three ecologically diverse Quercus species (Q. robur, Q. pubescens, and Q. ilex) with varying traits resulting from the combination of growing media (peat, coir) and fertilization (standard, P-enriched, K-enriched). For all species under water stress, seedlings grown in coir had generally higher growth than those grown in peat. Seedlings fertilized with P performed better, particularly for survival; conversely, K fertilization resulted in inconsistent findings. Such results could be explained by a combination of factors. P fertilization resulted in higher P accumulation in seedlings, while no K accumulation was observed in K fertilized seedlings. As expected, the more drought-sensitive species, Q. robur, showed the worst response, while Q. pubescens had a drought resistance equal or better to Q. ilex despite being classified as intermediate in drought resistance in Mediterranean environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mariotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali—DAGRI, Università di Firenze, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Sofia Martini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali—DAGRI, Università di Firenze, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Sabrina Raddi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali—DAGRI, Università di Firenze, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesca Ugolini
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Juan A. Oliet
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Douglass F. Jacobs
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Alberto Maltoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali—DAGRI, Università di Firenze, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145 Firenze, Italy
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Bianchi IA, Focardi MB, Grifoni R, Raddi S, Rizzo A, Defraia B, Pinchi V. Dental identification of unknown bodies through antemortem data taken by non-dental X-rays. Case reports. J Forensic Odontostomatol 2021; 39:49-57. [PMID: 34999580 PMCID: PMC9343057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The dental radiographic comparison is one of the most reliable and scientifically accepted methods for body identification (ID). The heterogeneity between AM (ante mortem) and PM (postmortem) x-rays images continues to stand as an issue for the forensic odontologist. Casual dental findings on X-rays for investigation of other structures than teeth or maxillaries, could eventually be a relevant source of dental data for the ID especially when AM dental files or X-rays are lacking. Two cases are reported in which the body ID was achieved through the comparison of PM dental X-rays with dental images obtained by radiographies of other structures (e.g. X-rays of the skull or cervical spine). These cases highlight that these occasional dental findings might provide sufficient evidence for a body identification. In the collection of AM data of missing people, the collection of all available records and radiographies of the head, neck and chest should be carefully reviewed by forensic odontologists, seeking for any available dental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Bianchi
- Section of Forensic Medical Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - M B Focardi
- Legal Medicine Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - R Grifoni
- Legal Medicine Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - S Raddi
- School in Legal Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - A Rizzo
- School in Legal Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - B Defraia
- Legal Medicine Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - V Pinchi
- Section of Forensic Medical Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
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Haddish K, Kumar H, Raddi S, Chierto E, Di Vella G, Bogale A, Kidane E, Yizengaw A, Getaneh Y, Robino C. Y-chromosomal haplotype diversity for 27 STR loci in the Tigray population (Northern Ethiopia). Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2019.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ripullone F, Rivelli AR, Baraldi R, Guarini R, Guerrieri R, Magnani F, Pe Uelas J, Raddi S, Borghetti M. Effectiveness of the photochemical reflectance index to track photosynthetic activity over a range of forest tree species and plant water statuses. Funct Plant Biol 2011; 38:177-186. [PMID: 32480874 DOI: 10.1071/fp10078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the potential of the photochemical resistance index (PRI) to track photosynthetic activity under water stress conditions by measuring PRI, leaf fluorescence, the xanthophyll cycle and photosynthetic activity in different forest tree species subjected to progressive drought. The PRI declined with pre-dawn water potential and a significant relationship between PRI and the xanthophyll de-epoxidation state (DEPS) was observed, although with large interspecific variability in the sensitivity of PRI to changes in DEPS. For single tree species, a strong relationship was observed on either PRI light saturated photosynthesis or PRI maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (ΔF/Fm'); a larger variability in both relationships was apparent when data from different species were pooled together. However, an improved correlation was shown only in the former relationship by plotting the ΔPRI (dawn PRI minus the midday PRI values). Thus, we conclude that PRI is able to provide a good estimate of maximum CO2 assimilation at saturating light and ΔF/Fm' for single tree species, despite the severe drought conditions applied. PRI should be applied more cautiously when dealing with multispecific forests because of confounding factors such as the strong interspecific differences in the initial value of PRI and in the sensitivity of PRI to changes in DEPS in response to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ripullone
- Department of Crop Systems, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - A R Rivelli
- Department of Crop Systems, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - R Baraldi
- Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council (CNR), via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - R Guarini
- Department of Crop Systems, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - R Guerrieri
- Department of Crop Systems, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - F Magnani
- Department of Fruit and Trees, University of Bologna, via Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - J Pe Uelas
- Global Ecology Unit, Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Raddi
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Economics, Engineering, Sciences and Technologies, University of Florence, Via S. Bonaventura, 13 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - M Borghetti
- Department of Crop Systems, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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Mara K, Paffetti D, Spanu I, Emiliani G, Raddi S, Vettori C. Different gene expression pattern of Populus alba L. genotypes under elevated UV-B radiation. J Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pichot
- INRA, Unité de Recherches Forestières Méditerranéennes, Avenue Vivaldi, 84000 Avignon, France.
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