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Rasheed S, Huda NU, Fisher SZ, Falke S, Gul S, Ahmad MS, Choudhary MI. Identification, crystallization, and first X-ray structure analyses of phenyl boronic acid-based inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase-II. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131268. [PMID: 38580011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs) play a central role in various physiological processes in the human body. HCAs catalyze the reversible hydration of CO2 into HCO3-, and hence maintains the fluid and pH balance. Overexpression of CA II is associated with diseases, such as glaucoma, and epilepsy. Therefore, CAs are important clinical targets and inhibition of different isoforms, especially hCA II is used in treatment of glaucoma, altitude sickness, and epilepsy. Therapeutically used CA inhibitors (CAI) are sulfonamide-based, such as acetazolamide, dichlorphenamide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide, etc. However, they exhibit several undesirable effects such as numbness, tingling of extremities, malaise, metallic taste, fatigue, renal calculi, and metabolic acidosis. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify safe and effective inhibitors of the hCAs. In this study, different phenyl boronic acids 1-5 were evaluated against bovine (bCA II) and hCA II. Among all, compound 1 (4-acetylphenyl boronic acid) was found to be active against bCAII and hCA II with IC50 values of 246 ± 0.48 and 281.40 ± 2.8 μM, respectively, while the remaining compounds were found in-active. Compound 1 was identified as competitive inhibitor of hCA II enzyme (Ki = 283.7 ± 0.002 μM). Additionally, compound 1 was found to be non-toxic against BJ Human fibroblast cell line. The X-ray crystal structure for hCA II in-complex with compound 1 was evaluated to a resolution of 2.6 Å. In fact, this the first structural analysis of a phenyl boron-based inhibitor bound to hCA II, allowing an additional structure-activity analysis of the compounds. Compound 1 was found to be directly bound in the active site of hCA II by interacting with His94, His119, and Thr199 residues. In addition, a bond of 3.11 Å between the zinc ion and coordinated boron atom of the boronic acid moiety of compound 1 was also observed, contributing to binding affinity of compound 1 for hCA II. PDB ID: 8IGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Rasheed
- Dr. Panjwani Center of Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Noor Ul Huda
- Dr. Panjwani Center of Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - S Zoë Fisher
- European Spallation Source ERIC, P.O. Box 176, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sven Falke
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sadaf Gul
- Dr. Panjwani Center of Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Malik Shoaib Ahmad
- Dr. Panjwani Center of Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- Dr. Panjwani Center of Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21412, Saudi Arabia
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Sabir MA, Nawaz MF, Khan TH, Zulfiqar U, Haider FU, Rehman A, Ahmad I, Rasheed F, Gul S, Hussain S, Iqbal R, Chaudhary T, Mustafa AEZMA, Elshikh MS. Investigating seasonal air quality variations consequent to the urban vegetation in the metropolis of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Sci Rep 2024; 14:452. [PMID: 38172134 PMCID: PMC10764803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Urban atmospheric pollution is global problem and and have become increasingly critical in big cities around the world. Issue of toxic emissions has gained significant attention in the scientific community as the release of pollutants into the atmosphere rising continuously. Although, the Pakistani government has started the Pakistan Clean Air Program to control ambient air quality however, the desired air quality levels are yet to be reached. Since the process of mapping the dispersion of atmospheric pollutants in urban areas is intricate due to its dependence on multiple factors, such as urban vegetation and weather conditions. Therefore, present research focuses on two essential items: (1) the relationship between urban vegetation and atmospheric variables (temperature, relative humidity (RH), sound intensity (SI), CO, CO2, and particulate matter (PM0.5, PM1.0, and PM2.5) and (2) the effect of seasonal change on concentration and magnitude of atmospheric variables. A geographic Information System (GIS) was utilized to map urban atmospheric variables dispersion in the residential areas of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Pearson correlation and principal component analyses were performed to establish the relationship between urban atmospheric pollutants, urban vegetation, and seasonal variation. The results showed a positive correlation between urban vegetation, metrological factors, and most of the atmospheric pollutants. Furthermore, PM concentration showed a significant correlation with temperature and urban vegetation cover. GIS distribution maps for PM0.5, PM1.0, PM2.5, and CO2 pollutants showed the highest concentration of pollutants in poorly to the moderated vegetated areas. Therefore, it can be concluded that urban vegetation requires a rigorous design, planning, and cost-benefit analysis to maximize its positive environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azeem Sabir
- Institute of Forest Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Tanveer Hussain Khan
- Institute of Forest Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Forestry & Range Management, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Rasheed
- Department of Forestry & Range Management, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Gul
- Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Safdar Hussain
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Talha Chaudhary
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Godollo, 2100, Hungary.
| | - Abd El-Zaher M A Mustafa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Tanbek K, Yilmaz U, Gul S, Koç A, Gul M, Sandal S. Effects of glucagon as a neurohormone on the central nervous system and glucose homeostasis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28:163-179. [PMID: 38235868 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202401_34902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to elucidate the possible effects of the acute/long-term infusion of glucagon in the brain as the regulatory role on the endocrine secretions of the pancreas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety male Wistar albino rats were divided as Control, artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid (aCSF) (120 min), Glucagon (120 min), pancreatic denervation (PD)+aCSF (120 min), PD+Glucagon (120 min), aCSF (7 days), Glucagon (7 days), PD+aCSF (7 days) and PD+Glucagon (7 days). Glucagon and solvent (aCSF) were administered after pancreatic denervation (PD) by Hamilton syringe and osmotic mini pump (1 µg/10 µl/min) in the third ventricle of the brain. RESULTS Acute intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of glucagon resulted in an elevation of glucagon levels and a concurrent reduction in blood glucose levels. Furthermore, in both the PD+aCSF (7 days) and PD+Glucagon (7 days) groups, there was a notable decrease in propiomelanocortin (POMC) and agouti-related protein (AgRP). Significant changes were observed in feed consumption and body weight, as well as pancreatic glucagon levels, with a simultaneous decrease in insulin levels in the PD (7 days), Glucagon (7 days), and PD+Glucagon (7 days) groups. These alterations were statistically significant when compared to the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The research outcomes established that pancreas-secreted glucagon functions as a neurohormone within the brain, activating central pathways linked to blood glucose regulation. The presence of glucagon led to a decrease in POMC levels. Surprisingly, this reduction in POMC resulted in the suppression of AgRP. Contrary to expectations, the suppression of AgRP led to an increase in food intake rather than a decrease. As already highlighted in the results section, it was emphasized that POMC may play a more significant role than AgRP in influencing feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tanbek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
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Asif M, Nawaz MF, Ahmad I, Rashid MHU, Farooq TH, Kashif M, Gul S, Li Q. Detrimental Effects of Induced Soil Compaction on Morphological Adaptation and Physiological Plasticity of Selected Multipurpose Tree Species. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2468. [PMID: 37447029 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil compaction has become a global problem affecting soil worldwide. With an increased population, more demands for food and wood have resulted in intensive cultivation and increased mechanization of our farmlands and irrigated plantations. The use of heavy machinery results in soil compaction, which affects the entire soil ecosystem. This study was conducted to analyze the impact of compacted soil on germination and initial growth stages of four major agro-forest trees of central Punjab, Pakistan. Morpho-physiological traits of all selected species (Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Albizia lebbeck, Vachellia nilotica, and Zyziphus mauritiana) were measured against soil compaction. Results indicated that the root and shoot length, biomass, root-shoot ratio, diameter at root collar, no. of leaves and branches, leaf area, germination, and survival %, and physiological traits (i.e., photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, and photosynthetic water use efficiency) were significantly affected by the induced soil compaction. Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. performed better and exhibited 96% germination percentage under (1.40 mg m-3) compaction level and gradually decreased by 11% with the increase of compaction level (1.80 mg m-3). It shows that the shorter roots developed due to soil compaction decreased water use efficiency, photosynthesis, and whole-plant physiological performance. The findings concluded that judicious use of machinery is highly desired for sustainable and good-quality wood production from farm trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Institute of Environmental Studies, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Haroon U Rashid
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Taimoor Hassan Farooq
- Bangor College China, A Joint Unit of Bangor University and Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Gul
- Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Qian Li
- Bangor College China, A Joint Unit of Bangor University and Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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Sabir MA, Guo W, Nawaz MF, Yasin G, Yousaf MTB, Gul S, Hussain T, Rahman SU. Assessing the effects of limestone dust and lead pollution on the ecophysiology of some selected urban tree species. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1144145. [PMID: 37255552 PMCID: PMC10225577 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1144145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Soil and air pollution caused by heavy metals and limestone dust are prevalent in urban environments and they are an alarming threat to the environment and humans. This study was designed to investigate the changes in morphological and physiological traits of three urban tree species seedlings (Bombax ceiba, Conocarpus lancifolius, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis) under the individual as well as synergetic effects of heavy metal lead (Pb) and limestone dust toxicities. The tree species were grown under controlled environmental conditions with nine treatments consisting of three levels of dust (0, 10, and 20 g) and three levels of Pb contaminated water irrigation (0, 5, and 10 mg L-1). The results depicted that the growth was maximum in T1 and minimum in T9 for all selected tree species. B. ceiba performed better under the same levels of Pb and limestone dust pollution as compared with the other two tree species. The B. ceiba tree species proved to be the most tolerant to Pb and limestone pollution by efficiently demolishing oxidative bursts by triggering SOD, POD, CAT, and proline contents under different levels of lead and dust pollution. The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, evapotranspiration rate, and transpiration rate were negatively influenced in all three tree species in response to different levels of lead and dust applications. The photosynthetic rate was 1.7%, 3.1%, 7.0%, 11.03%, 16.2%, 23.8%, 24.8%, and 30.7%, and the stomatal conductance was 5%, 10.5%, 23.5%, 40%, 50.01%, 61.5%, 75%, and 90.9%, greater in T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, and T9 plants of B. ceiba, respectively, as compared to T1. Based on the findings, among these three tree species, B. ceiba is strongly recommended for planting in heavy metal and limestone dust-polluted areas followed by E. camaldulensis and C. lancifolius due to their better performance and efficient dust and heavy metal-scavenging capability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Guo
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | | | - Ghulam Yasin
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Sadaf Gul
- Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Hussain
- Institute of Forest Sciences, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Shafeeq Ur Rahman
- Water Science and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Yousaf MTB, Nawaz MF, Gul S, Haider MS, Ahmed I, Yasin G, Farooq MZ. Application of Farmyard Manure in Sustainable Utilization of Animal Wastes to Reclaim Salt Degraded Lands. Climate Changes Mitigation and Sustainable Bioenergy Harvest Through Animal Waste 2023:333-353. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26224-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Ejaz F, Yousaf MTB, Nawaz MF, Niazi NK, Gul S, Ahmed I, Asif M, Bibi I. Phytoremedial Potential of Perennial Woody Vegetation Under Arsenic Contaminated Conditions in Diverse Environments. Global Arsenic Hazard 2023:355-373. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-16360-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Alboksmaty A, Solomons N, Gul S, Neves AL, Aylin P. Remote patient monitoring at home using ambient sensors: a systematic review. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac130.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The world population is ageing, and their health needs imply substantial demands on health systems. Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) may help elderly patients live independently in their homes for longer. The essence of RPM is the continuity of use, which is challenging for wearable devices and patient-led technologies. Unobtrusive (ambient) sensors could be an innovative solution, such as motion detectors and similar technologies. This study aims to review the evidence on the effect of ambient sensors on healthcare use by the elderly.
Methods
This is a systematic review for narrative synthesis, searching five databases, Medline, Embase, CINHAL, Scopus and Web of Science, on 21 Feb 2022 without setting a lower time limit. No restrictions on the design of studies were applied. A meta-analysis was not feasible due to the heterogenicity of the studies.
Results
Out of 5,653 search results, 180 studies were subjected to full-text review, of which 6 studies were included in the final synthesis. All the included studies were conducted in the USA. Four studies assessed the technology's cost-efficiency, while only one reported significant cost savings. One study reported a significant reduction in hospital days and visits to a physician among the users. Using ambient sensors was associated with an increased length of stay in facilities where the elderly can live independently, including at home. The impact on the number of hospitalisations or emergency room visits was unclear.
Conclusions
Our review identified limited evidence on the effect of ambient sensors on healthcare use by the elderly. The potential has been demonstrated for ambient sensor technologies to result in cost savings; however, further research is needed to assess the impact on health outcomes.
Key messages
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alboksmaty
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London , London, UK
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London , London, UK
- PSTRC, Imperial College London , London, UK
| | - N Solomons
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London , London, UK
| | - S Gul
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London , London, UK
| | - AL Neves
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London , London, UK
- PSTRC, Imperial College London , London, UK
| | - P Aylin
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London , London, UK
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London , London, UK
- PSTRC, Imperial College London , London, UK
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Rahman SU, Nawaz MF, Gul S, Yasin G, Hussain B, Li Y, Cheng H. State-of-the-art OMICS strategies against toxic effects of heavy metals in plants: A review. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 242:113952. [PMID: 35999767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution of heavy metals (HMs), mainly due to anthropogenic activities, has received growing attention in recent decades. HMs, especially the non-essential carcinogenic ones, including chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), aluminum (Al), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As), have appeared as the most significant air, water, and soil pollutants, which adversely affect the quantity, quality, and security of plant-based food all over the world. Plants exposed to HMs could experience significant decline in growth and yield. To avoid or tolerate the toxic effects of HMs, plants have developed complicated defense mechanisms, including absorption and accumulation of HMs in cell organelles, immobilization by forming complexes with organic chelates, extraction by using numerous transporters, ion channels, signalling cascades, and transcription elements, among others. OMICS strategies have developed significantly to understand the mechanisms of plant transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and ionomics to counter HM-mediated stress stimuli. These strategies have been considered to be reliable and feasible for investigating the roles of genomics (genomes), transcriptomic (coding), mRNA transcripts (non-coding), metabolomics (metabolites), and ionomics (metal ions) to enhance stress resistance or tolerance in plants. The recent developments in the mechanistic understandings of the HMs-plant interaction in terms of their absorption, translocation, and toxicity invasions at the molecular and cellular levels, as well as plants' response and adaptation strategies against these stressors, are summarized in the present review. Transcriptomics, genomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and ionomics for plants against HMs toxicities are reviewed, while challenges and future recommendations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafeeq Ur Rahman
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China; MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agricultureó, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Gul
- Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
| | - Babar Hussain
- Department of Plant Science Karakoram International University (KIU), Gilgit 15100, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - Yanliang Li
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution and Ecological Safety Regulation, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China.
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Bin Yousaf MT, Nawaz MF, Yasin G, Cheng H, Ahmed I, Gul S, Rizwan M, Rehim A, Xuebin Q, Ur Rahman S. Determining the appropriate level of farmyard manure biochar application in saline soils for three selected farm tree species. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265005. [PMID: 35385517 PMCID: PMC8985979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a global problem, and almost more than 20% of the total cultivated area of the world is affected by salt stress. Phytoremediation is one of the most suitable practices to combat salinity and recently biochar has showed the tremendous potential to alleviate salt-affected soils and enhance vegetation. Trees improve the soil characteristics by facilitating the leaching of salts and releasing organic acids in soil. Moreover, in the presence of trees, higher transpiration rates and lower evaporation rates are also helpful in ameliorating salt affected soils. This study was designed to check the effect of different levels of biochar on the morph-physiological characteristics of three important agroforestry tree species: Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Vachellia nilotica, and Dalbergia sissoo, in saline soils. Farmyard manure biochar was applied at the rate of 3% (w/w), 6% (w/w), and 9% (w/w) to find appropriate levels of biochar for promoting the early-stage trees growth under saline conditions. Results of the current study revealed that maximum shoot length (104.77 cm), shoot dry weight (23.72 g), leaves dry weight (28.23 g), plant diameter (12.32 mm), root length (20.89 cm), root dry weight (18.90 g), photosynthetic rate (25.33 μ moles CO2 m-2s-1) and stomatal conductance (0.12 mol H2O m-2 s-1) were discovered in the plants of Eucalyptus camaldulensis at the rate of 6% (w/w). All tree species showed better results for growth and physiological characteristics when biochar was applied at the rate of 6% (w/w). In comparison, a decreasing trend in growth parameters was found in the excessive amount of biochar when the application rate was increased from 6% (w/w) to 9% (w/w) for all three species. So, applying an appropriate level of biochar is important for boosting plant growth in saline soils. Among different tree species, Vachellia nilotica and Eucalyptus camaldulensis both showed very promising results to remediate salt affected soils with Vachellia nilotica showing maximum potential to absorb sodium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Department of Forestry, Range and Wildlife Management, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HC); (QX); (SUR)
| | - Irfan Ahmed
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Gul
- Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rehim
- College of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Qi Xuebin
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
- * E-mail: (HC); (QX); (SUR)
| | - Shafeeq Ur Rahman
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
- * E-mail: (HC); (QX); (SUR)
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Shamim S, Gul S, Khan A, Ahmed A, Gul A. Antimicrobial, Antifungal and Enzymatic Profiling of Newly Synthesized Heavy Metal Complexes of Gemifloxacin. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02534-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jan T, Gul S, Khan A, Pervez S, Noor A, Amin H, Bibi S, Nawaz MA, Rahim A, Ahmad MS, Azam R, Ullah H. Range of factors in the reduction of hyperhydricity associated with in vitro shoots of Salvia santolinifolia Bioss. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e246904. [PMID: 34706025 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.246904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhydricity is a serious physiological disorder and affects In vitro propagation of many plants and as well of Salvia santolinifolia. The donor material to initiate the in vitro culture was the callus taken from the in vitro shoots produced on Murashig and Skoogs (MS) medium at 4.0 mg/l BA. This callus formed numerous hyperhydric shoots on culturing upon the medium of the same composition. The aim was to systematically evaluate the effect of cytokinins (Benzyladnine (BA) and N6-(-2-isopentenyl) adenine (2iP), culture vessels magnitude, medium solidification, source of nitrogen and calcium chloride for the alleviation of hyperhydricity. In the tissue cultures of S. santolinifolia BA and 2iP induced severe hyperhydricity, when other factors i.e. culture vessels magnitude and a suitable concentration of agar, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), potassium nitrate (KNO3) & calcium chloride (CaCl2.2H2O) were not optimized. After 30 days' culture, we observed 83.82% hyperhydric shoots at increased level (1.5 mg/l 2iP) and 81.59% at decreased levels (1.0 mg/l 2iP). On the other hand, hyperhydricity percentage at decreased (0.4%) and at increased (0.8%) levels of agar were 72.37% and 39.08%, respectively. MS medium modification with NH4NO3 (412 mg/l), KNO3 (475 mg/l) and CaCl2.2H2O (880 mg/l) was found the best medium to reduced hyperhydricity (23.6%).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jan
- University of Malakand, Department of Botany, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Dir lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Gul
- University of Malakand, Department of Botany, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Dir lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Khan
- University of Lakki Marwat, Department of Biological Sciences, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Pervez
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Department of Biochemistry, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Noor
- Karakoram International University, Department of Biological Sciences, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - H Amin
- University of Malakand, Department of Botany, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Dir lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Bibi
- University of Malakand, Department of Botany, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Dir lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M A Nawaz
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Department of Biotechnology, Sheringal, Dir Upper, Pakistan
| | - A Rahim
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Dir lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M S Ahmad
- University of Malakand, Department of Botany, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Dir lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - R Azam
- University of Malakand, Department of Botany, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Dir lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - H Ullah
- University of Malakand, Department of Botany, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Dir lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Nawaz MF, Fatima R, Gul S, Rana N, Ahmad I, Naseer J, Afzal S, Yasin G, Asif M, Khan SH, Altaf M. Study of human knowledge and attitude toward urban birds in Faisalabad city, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e249229. [PMID: 34669801 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.249229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Birds are very valuable indicators of species richness and endemic patterns in a specified ecosystem, which eventually help the scientist to measure the environmental degradation. The aim of present study was to know human knowledge and attitude toward urban birds in Faisalabad city, Pakistan. The study conducted in four consecutive months: November 2019 to February 2020. Population of birds was noted from eight residential towns of Faisalabad city, data were collected through questionnaire. Faisalabad has a reasonably large population of birds and present data show that, there is a significant difference between favorite bird of residential areas and institutions. The pigeon received the most likeness in bird population among residential area residents, while the myna received the least. The most popular bird in Faisalabad institutions was the sparrow, while the least popular bird was the common myna. Bird adaptation percentage of residential areas and institutional areas of Faisalabad was the highest for parrot and sparrow respectively. People in residential areas and institutions, on the other hand, adapted least to common myna. It is concluded that people of the study area like birds and offered food and high population of birds are present in study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Nawaz
- University of Agriculture, Department of Forestry and Range Management, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - R Fatima
- University of Agriculture, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S Gul
- University of Karachi, Department of Botany, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - N Rana
- University of Agriculture, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - I Ahmad
- University of Agriculture, Department of Forestry and Range Management, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - J Naseer
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Department of Forestry, Range and Wildlife Management, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - S Afzal
- University of Sargodha, Department of Forestry, Range Management and Wildlife, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - G Yasin
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Department of Forestry, Range and Wildlife Management, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - M Asif
- University of Agriculture, Department of Forestry and Range Management, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S H Khan
- University of Agriculture, Department of Forestry and Range Management, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Altaf
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Department of Forestry, Range and Wildlife Management, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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14
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Ariss RW, Elzanaty AM, Minhas AMK, Nazir S, Gul S, Patel N, Ahuja KR, Mochon A, Eltahawy EA. Sex-based differences in clinical outcomes and resource utilization of type 2 myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sex-based differences in clinical outcomes have been previously well described in type 1 myocardial infarction (MI). However, type 2 MI is common in contemporary practice with scarce data regarding sex-based differences of clinical outcomes and resource utilization.
Purpose
To examine the association of sex category with clinical outcomes and resource utilization in hospitalizations with type 2 MI.
Methods
The Nationwide Readmission Database 2018 was queried for hospitalizations within the United States with type 2 MI using The International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnosis code I21.A1. Comorbidities and outcomes were identified using the corresponding ICD-10 codes. Complex samples multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to determine the association between type 2 MI and outcomes (in-hospital mortality, index length of stay [LOS], hospital costs, discharge to nursing facility, and 30-day all-cause readmissions) in females compared to males with type 2 MI.
Results
A total of 252,641 hospitalizations [119,783 (47.4%) females and 132,858 (52.6%) males] were included in this analysis. Females with type 2 MI were more likely to be older (72.8 years vs. 69.7 years; P<0.001), admitted on the weekend (26.5% vs. 25.9%; P=0.02), and have a higher prevalence of chronic pulmonary disease (35.6% vs. 32.0%; P<0.001), obesity (17.9% vs. 15.7%; P<0.001), neurological disorders (22.9% vs. 22.3%; P=0.02), deficiency anemias (7.5% vs. 6.6%; P<0.001), and hypothyroidism (22.1% vs. 10.1%; P<0.001) compared to males with type 2 MI. Female with type 2 MI was associated with lower in-hospital mortality, shorter LOS, less hospital costs, and increased nursing home discharge compared to males with type 2 MI. Females and males with type 2 MI had similar rates of 30-day all-cause readmission [Table 1].
Conclusion
Among type 2 MI hospitalizations, females have lower in-hospital mortality, less hospitalization cost, shorter LOS, but increased rates of nursing home discharge compared to males. Thirty-day all-cause readmission was similar between males and females with type 2 MI.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Ariss
- University Toledo Medical Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Toledo, United States of America
| | - A M Elzanaty
- University Toledo Medical Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Toledo, United States of America
| | - A M K Minhas
- Forrest General Hospital, Medicine, Hattiesburg, United States of America
| | - S Nazir
- University Toledo Medical Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Toledo, United States of America
| | - S Gul
- Reading Hospital, Cardiology, West Reading, United States of America
| | - N Patel
- University Toledo Medical Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Toledo, United States of America
| | - K R Ahuja
- Reading Hospital, Cardiology, West Reading, United States of America
| | - A Mochon
- Reading Hospital, Cardiology, West Reading, United States of America
| | - E A Eltahawy
- University Toledo Medical Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Toledo, United States of America
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15
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Nadeem MF, Khattak AA, Zeeshan N, Awan UA, Alam S, Ahmed W, Gul S, Afroz A, Sughra K, Rashid U, Khan MAU. Molecular Epidemiology of Plasmodium species in Conflicted Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA) Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e247219. [PMID: 34468526 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.247219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Military conflicts have been significant obstacles in detecting and treating infectious disease diseases due to the diminished public health infrastructure, resulting in malaria endemicity. A variety of violent and destructive incidents were experienced by FATA (Federally Administered Tribal Areas). It was a struggle to pursue an epidemiological analysis due to continuing conflict and Talibanization. Clinical isolates were collected from Bajaur, Mohmand, Khyber, Orakzai agencies from May 2017 to May 2018. For Giemsa staining, full blood EDTA blood samples have been collected from symptomatic participants. Malaria-positive microscopy isolates were spotted on filter papers for future Plasmodial molecular detection by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) of small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (ssrRNA) genes specific primers. Since reconfirming the nPCR, a malariometric study of 762 patients found 679 positive malaria cases. Plasmodium vivax was 523 (77%), Plasmodium falciparum 121 (18%), 35 (5%) were with mixed-species infection (P. vivax plus P. falciparum), and 83 were declared negative by PCR. Among the five agencies of FATA, Khyber agency has the highest malaria incidence (19%) with followed by P. vivax (19%) and P. falciparum (4.1%). In contrast, Kurram has about (14%), including (10.8%) P. vivax and (2.7%) P. falciparum cases, the lowest malaria epidemiology. Surprisingly, no significant differences in the distribution of mixed-species infection among all five agencies. P. falciparum and P. vivax were two prevalent FATA malaria species in Pakistan's war-torn area. To overcome this rising incidence of malaria, this study recommends that initiating malaria awareness campaigns in school should be supported by public health agencies and malaria-related education locally, targeting children and parents alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Nadeem
- University of Gujrat, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A A Khattak
- The University of Haripur, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - N Zeeshan
- University of Gujrat, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - U A Awan
- The University of Haripur, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Alam
- The University of Haripur, Department of Microbiology, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - W Ahmed
- The University of Haripur, Department of Microbiology, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Gul
- National University of Medical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A Afroz
- University of Gujrat, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - K Sughra
- University of Gujrat, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - U Rashid
- University of Gujrat, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - M A U Khan
- University of Gujrat, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan
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Attaullah M, Gul S, Bibi D, Andaleeb A, Ilahi I, Siraj M, Ahmad M, Ullah I, Ali M, Ahmad S, Ullah Z. Diversity, distribution and relative abundance of the mosquito fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) of Malakand and Dir Lower, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e247374. [PMID: 34431916 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.247374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the diversity, distribution (C) and relative abundance (RA) of the mosquito fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) of Malakand and Dir Lower, Pakistan. Collection of specimens (n = 1087) was made during September 2018 to July 2019 at six different habitats including freshwater bodies, rice fields, animal sheds, indoors, drains and sewage waters. Specimens were collected through light traps, pyrethrum spray, aspirators and nets and subsequently killed, preserved and then arranged in entomological boxes for identification. Three genera were identified namely Culex, Anopheles and Aedes. A total of fourteen species were identified namely: Cx. quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823), An. stephensi (Liston, 1901), Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (Giles, 1901), Ae. vittatus (Bigot, 1861), An. maculatus (Theobald, 1901), An. fluviatilis (James, 1902), Cx. vishnui (Theobald, 1901), Ae. aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) An. subpictus (Grassi, 1899), An. dthali (Patton, 1905), An. culicifascies (Giles, 1901), An. pallidus (Theobald, 1901), Ae. albopictus (Skuse, 1894) and An. annularis (van der Wulp, 1884). Cx. quinquefasciatus was found constantly distributed in the study area with RA = 16.5% and C = 100%. An. annularis was found as a satellite species, sporadically distributed in the study area having RA = 0.9% and C = 17%. Diversity indices of mosquitoes in the studied habitats were found as, Shannon-Wiener Index (2.415), Simpson Index (9.919), Fisher's Index (2.269) and Margalef's Index (1.859). A statistically significant difference was recorded in mosquito diversity in the six habitats (Kruskal-Wallis, chi-squared, H = 17.5, df = 5, P = 0.003 at α = 0.05). The present study encompasses mosquito fauna of Malakand, Pakistan with respect to diversity, relative abundance and distribution in diverse habitats and all seasons of the year. This will assist scientists working in various fields related with epidemiology, medical and veterinary entomology, ecology and allied areas of biological sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Attaullah
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - S Gul
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - D Bibi
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - A Andaleeb
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - I Ilahi
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - M Siraj
- Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - M Ahmad
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - I Ullah
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - M Ali
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmad
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - Z Ullah
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Pakistan
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Almacan B, Ozdemir N, Gürkan H, Gul S, Guldiken S, Hekimsoy Z. Case Report. Acta Endocrinol (Buchar) 2021; 17:388-392. [PMID: 35344314 PMCID: PMC8919482 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2021.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormone resistance (RTH) is defined as a decrease in response to thyroid hormones in the target tissue. Most patients present with nonspecific findings. In this article, we aimed to represent a 22-year-old female patient who presented with palpitation, fatigue, and heat intolerance. She was thought to have thyroid hormone resistance and her genetic examination revealed NM_001128177.1 (THRβ): c.1034G > A (p.Gly345Asp) pathogenic variation in the THRβ gene. CASE REPORT A 22-year-old female patient presented with complaints of fatigue, heat intolerance and palpitations. She was taking Propranolol twice daily at admission. Her family history revealed hypothyroidism in her grandmother. Her physical examination results were as follows: height 160 cm, weight 65 kg, body mass index 25.4kg/m2, body temperature 36.5°C, respiratory rate 18/min, heart rate 86 beats/min, blood pressure 120/80 mmHg. Her palms were sweaty. The heart sounds were normal, and no heart murmur was auscultated. The laboratory results were TSH: 5.31uU/mL, fT3: 6.83 pg/mL, and fT4: 2.43 ng/dL. THRβ gene mutation analysis was requested for our patient whose clinical history and laboratory results were compatible with thyroid hormone resistance. The pathogenic variation NM_001128177.1(THRβ):c.1034G>A (p.Gly345Asp) was detected after analysis. CONCLUSION A diagnosis of RTH requires high clinical suspicion and a genetic mutation analysis should be requested in the case of clinical suspicion. In this way, unnecessary anti-thyroid treatment can be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Almacan
- "Celal Bayar" University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - N Ozdemir
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Manisa, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Gürkan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Gul
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department Biotechnology Division, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Guldiken
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Edirne, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Z Hekimsoy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Manisa, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Munir F, Gul S, Asif A, Minhas FUAA. MILAMP: Multiple Instance Prediction of Amyloid Proteins. IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform 2021; 18:1142-1150. [PMID: 31443048 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2019.2936846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid proteins are implicated in several diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, prion diseases, etc. In order to characterize the amyloidogenicity of a given protein, it is important to locate the amyloid forming hotspot regions within the protein as well as to analyze the effects of mutations on these proteins. The biochemical and biological assays used for this purpose can be facilitated by computational means. This paper presents a machine learning method that can predict hotspot amyloidogenic regions within proteins and characterize changes in their amyloidogenicity due to point mutations. The proposed method called MILAMP (Multiple Instance Learning of AMyloid Proteins) achieves high accuracy for identification of amyloid proteins, hotspot localization, and prediction of mutation effects on amyloidogenicity by integrating heterogenous data sources and exploiting common predictive patterns across these tasks through multiple instance learning. The paper presents comprehensive benchmarking experiments to test the predictive performance of MILAMP in comparison to previously published state of the art techniques for amyloid prediction. The python code for the implementation and webserver for MILAMP is available at the URL: http://faculty.pieas.edu.pk/fayyaz/software.html#MILAMP.
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19
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Yousaf MTB, Nawaz MF, Zia Ur Rehman M, Gul S, Yasin G, Rizwan M, Ali S. Effect of three different types of biochars on eco-physiological response of important agroforestry tree species under salt stress. Int J Phytoremediation 2021; 23:1412-1422. [PMID: 33765404 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1901849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil reclamation through afforestation along with soil amendments is one of the most suitable practices to combat soil salinity while the use of biochar may have potential to ameliorate salt-affected soils. This study was designed to check effects of different biochars on the physico-chemical properties of soil and characteristics of three important agroforestry trees species: Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Vachellia nilotica and Dalbergia sissoo, in saline soils. Farmyard manure biochar (FYMB), sugarcane bagasse biochar (SCB), woodchips biochar (WCB) were applied (6% w/w) to check their effects on plants under saline conditions. Results revealed that FYMB was the best for promoting all growth and physiological parameters of three tree species while E. camaldulensis was the best suited species. Different types of biochars influenced the growth of agroforestry species differently as SCB showed better results for D. sissoo as compared to WCB but for V. nilotica and WCB was more effective than SCB. Trend of growth and other physiological attributes for E. camaldulensis and V. nilotica was FYMB > WCB > SCB > control whereas D. sissoo showed trend as FYMB > SCB > WCB > control. Biochar was helpful in improving physicochemical characteristics of saline soils by lowering values of soil EC and SAR but type of biochar has a differential effect on tree growth.Novelty statement: Biochar may be a potential source for the amelioration of salt affected soils while less is known about the effects of different types of biochars on the soil and eco-physiological response of important agroforestry trees species in saline soils. In this study, although all types of biochar ameliorated the soil conditions and enhanced the plant growth, but farmyard manure biochar was the most efficient treatment among three types of used biochars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Gul
- Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, Bahauddin Zakariya, University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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20
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Khan W, Das SN, Mahmoud AH, Rafique N, Anwar K, Khan BT, Ullah I, Khan M, Gul S, Gul R, Mohammed OB. Evaluation of sulfadimidine, amprolium and triquen to treat coccidiosis in wild pigeons. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e238673. [PMID: 33729384 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.238673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis remains one of the major problems in poultry all over the world. Very limited data on anticoccidial drugs in wild pigeons is available. The current study was aimed to understand the comparative efficacy of sulfadimidine, amprolium and triquen in wild pigeons of Dir district, Pakistan suffering from coccidiosis. The faecal matter of wild pigeons were purchased from the local market for coccidian infection. Results revealed that 88.8% (16/18) were found infected with Eimeria spp. Three positive groups were treated with sulfadimidine (0.2mg/L), amprolium (25mg/L) and triquen. Sulfadimidine was most effective (45%) followed by amprolium (44.6%) while triquen (24.0%) showed less effectiveness against coccidiosis in pigeons. Number of oocysts were 79, 81 and 80 before treatment and 60, 44 and 44 after treatment with sulfadimidine, amprolium and triquen respectively. This study showed that sulphadimidine, amprolium and triquen could not significantly reduce the coccidiosis in pigeons. Further studies are required to clear the mechanism of anti-coccidial drugs in wild pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S N Das
- Sindh University Jamshoro, Department of Zoology, Hyderabad, Pakistan
| | - A H Mahmoud
- King Saud University, College of Science, Department Zoology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Rafique
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Department of Zoology, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - K Anwar
- Veterinary Research and Diseases Investigation Center, Department of Livestock and Dairy Development, Balogram Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - B T Khan
- University of Buner, Department of Zoology, Buner, Pakistan
| | - I Ullah
- University of Agriculture Peshawar, Department of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - M Khan
- University of Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - S Gul
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - R Gul
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - O B Mohammed
- King Saud University, College of Science, Department Zoology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Yagmur Y, Gul S. Urinary incontinence in women aged 40 and older: Its prevalence, risk factors, and effect on quality of life. Niger J Clin Pract 2021; 24:186-192. [PMID: 33605907 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_626_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Urinary incontinence (UI) paves the way for many health problems ranging from discomforts of continuous wetness and irritation to social isolation and depression in women. Aim The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of UI in women aged 40 and older as well as its risk factors and also its effect on quality of life. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with 286 women included in the sample. Subjects were selected randomly. The data were collected using a questionnaire, which was prepared by the researchers, and the Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using number, percentage, mean, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression analysis in the SPSS program. Results It was found that 86 (30.1%) of the women experienced the symptom of UI. The women had mostly the mixed UI. The correlations between UI and age, educational level, status of employment, the presence of chronic diseases, chronic constipation, difficult birth history, and state of menopause were significant. Total mean score of the women with UI for the Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire was 73.62 ± 24.36 and the most affected domain of the quality of life field was social embarrassment. Conclusions In the present study, it was found that UI was prevalent in Turkish women and impaired their quality of life. The results can help to provide education and counseling services to women in a society-sensitive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yagmur
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - S Gul
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Science, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
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Sengun IY, Senturk S, Gul S, Kilic G. Potential of essential oil combinations for surface and air disinfection. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 72:526-534. [PMID: 33377499 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to develop a novel disinfectant from various essential oils containing active components with antimicrobial activity. The mixture of oregano, cinnamon and clove oils (1 : 1 : 1) with 10% oil concentration (SOM) was used as potential disinfectant on various areas and showed the highest antimicrobial activity among oil combinations tested. SOM reduced the numbers of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB; 2·27 log CFU per 25 cm2 ) and Escherichia coli (4·60 log CFU per 25 cm2 ) under the detection limits. Application of SOM (1, 2, 3, 4 and 6%) into incubators reduced TMAB and mould-yeast counts of incubator air by 82·9 and 100% respectively. SOM application (3%) into ambient air also reduced its TMAB and mould-yeast counts by 92 and 84·6% respectively. While ethanol is commonly used for the disinfection of environments, equipment and surfaces, SOM is an important alternative that may also be used for the disinfection of various surfaces as well as air.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Y Sengun
- Food Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - S Senturk
- Food Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - S Gul
- Food Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - G Kilic
- Food Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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Mehyar N, Mashhour A, Islam I, Gul S, Adedeji AO, Askar AS, Boudjelal M. Using in silico modelling and FRET-based assays in the discovery of novel FDA-approved drugs as inhibitors of MERS-CoV helicase. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2021; 32:51-70. [PMID: 33401979 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2020.1857437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assay was used to screen the FDA-approved compound library against the MERS-CoV helicase, an essential enzyme for virus replication within the host cell. Five compounds inhibited the helicase activity with submicromolar potencies (IC50, 0.73-1.65 µM) and ten compounds inhibited the enzyme with micromolar potencies (IC50, 19.6-502 µM). The molecular operating environment (MOE) was used to dock the identified inhibitors on the MERS-CoV helicase nucleotide binding. Strong inhibitors docked well in the nucleotide-binding site and established interactions with some of the essential residues. There was a reasonable correlation between the observed IC50 values and the MOE docking scores of the strong inhibitors (r 2 = 0.74), indicating the ability of the in silico docking model to predict the binding of strong inhibitors. In silico docking could be a useful complementary tool used with the FRET-based assay to predict new MERS-CoV helicase inhibitors. The identified inhibitors could potentially be used in the clinical development of new antiviral treatment for MERS-CoV and other coronavirus related diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mehyar
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Mashhour
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - I Islam
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Gul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME - ScreeningPort , Hamburg, Germany
| | - A O Adedeji
- Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University , Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - A S Askar
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Boudjelal
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Lassalle L, Kern J, Ibrahim M, Sutherlin KD, Young ID, Chatterjee R, Gul S, Fuller F, Hussein R, Brewster AS, Bhowmick A, Sauter NK, Zouni A, Messinger J, Yachandra VK, Yano J. Structure of intermediates of the water oxidation reaction in photosystem II. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767319098593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Kocaman G, Altinoz E, Erdemli ME, Gul M, Erdemli Z, Gul S, Bag HG. Protective effects of crocin on biochemistry and histopathology of experimental periodontitis in rats. Biotech Histochem 2019; 94:366-373. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2019.1571229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Kocaman
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - E. Altinoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - M. E. Erdemli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - M. Gul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Z. Erdemli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - S. Gul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - H. G. Bag
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Yousaf MTB, Nawaz MF, Khawaja HF, Gul S, Ali S, Ahmad I, Rasul F, Rizwan M. Ecophysiological response of early stage Albizia lebbeck to cadmium toxicity and biochar addition. Arab J Geosci 2019; 12:134. [DOI: 10.1007/s12517-019-4296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Gul S, Cohen S, Becker T, Huesgen K, Tyndall J. 322 Connecting Bystander Automated External Defibrillator Use and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Demographics: A Multilevel Analysis. Ann Emerg Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.08.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Altinoz E, Erdemli ME, Gul M, Aksungur Z, Gul S, Bag HG, Kaya GB, Turkoz Y. Neuroprotection against CCl4induced brain damage with crocin in Wistar rats. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93:623-631. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1519725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Altinoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - ME Erdemli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - M Gul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Z Aksungur
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - S Gul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - HG Bag
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - GB Kaya
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Y Turkoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Gul S, Huesgen K, Youn T, Chowdhury M, Cohen S, Becker T, Zhu T, Li X, Yang Z, Wang K, Tyndall J. 383 Neurofilament Light Chain as a Marker for Cerebral Anoxia in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. Ann Emerg Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.08.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Alonso-Mori R, Asa K, Bergmann U, Brewster AS, Chatterjee R, Cooper JK, Frei HM, Fuller FD, Goggins E, Gul S, Fukuzawa H, Iablonskyi D, Ibrahim M, Katayama T, Kroll T, Kumagai Y, McClure BA, Messinger J, Motomura K, Nagaya K, Nishiyama T, Saracini C, Sato Y, Sauter NK, Sokaras D, Takanashi T, Togashi T, Ueda K, Weare WW, Weng TC, Yabashi M, Yachandra VK, Young ID, Zouni A, Kern JF, Yano J. Towards characterization of photo-excited electron transfer and catalysis in natural and artificial systems using XFELs. Faraday Discuss 2018; 194:621-638. [PMID: 27711803 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00084c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ultra-bright femtosecond X-ray pulses provided by X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) open capabilities for studying the structure and dynamics of a wide variety of biological and inorganic systems beyond what is possible at synchrotron sources. Although the structure and chemistry at the catalytic sites have been studied intensively in both biological and inorganic systems, a full understanding of the atomic-scale chemistry requires new approaches beyond the steady state X-ray crystallography and X-ray spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures. Following the dynamic changes in the geometric and electronic structure at ambient conditions, while overcoming X-ray damage to the redox active catalytic center, is key for deriving reaction mechanisms. Such studies become possible by using the intense and ultra-short femtosecond X-ray pulses from an XFEL, where sample is probed before it is damaged. We have developed methodology for simultaneously collecting X-ray diffraction data and X-ray emission spectra, using an energy dispersive spectrometer, at ambient conditions, and used this approach to study the room temperature structure and intermediate states of the photosynthetic water oxidizing metallo-protein, photosystem II. Moreover, we have also used this setup to simultaneously collect the X-ray emission spectra from multiple metals to follow the ultrafast dynamics of light-induced charge transfer between multiple metal sites. A Mn-Ti containing system was studied at an XFEL to demonstrate the efficacy and potential of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alonso-Mori
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - K Asa
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto U., Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - U Bergmann
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A S Brewster
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - R Chatterjee
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - J K Cooper
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - H M Frei
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - F D Fuller
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - E Goggins
- Dept. of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarborough Rd., Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
| | - S Gul
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - H Fukuzawa
- IMRAM, Tohoku U., Sendai 980-8577, Japan and RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | | | - M Ibrahim
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Katayama
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), SPring-8/SACLA, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - T Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Y Kumagai
- IMRAM, Tohoku U., Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - B A McClure
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - J Messinger
- Institutionen för Kemi, Kemiskt Biologiskt Centrum, Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Sweden
| | - K Motomura
- IMRAM, Tohoku U., Sendai 980-8577, Japan and RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - K Nagaya
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto U., Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan and RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - T Nishiyama
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto U., Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - C Saracini
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Y Sato
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto U., Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - N K Sauter
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - D Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - T Togashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), SPring-8/SACLA, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - K Ueda
- IMRAM, Tohoku U., Sendai 980-8577, Japan and RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - W W Weare
- Dept. of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarborough Rd., Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
| | - T-C Weng
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, China
| | - M Yabashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), SPring-8/SACLA, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - V K Yachandra
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - I D Young
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - A Zouni
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - J F Kern
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA and Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - J Yano
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. and Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and IMRAM, Tohoku U., Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Erdemli ME, Yigitcan B, Gul M, Bag HG, Gul S, Aksungur Z. Thymoquinone is protective against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induced hepatotoxicity. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93:453-462. [PMID: 29701106 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1453549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated changes in rat liver tissues following administration of thymoquinone (TQ) against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induced hepatotoxicity. Fifty rats were assigned randomly to five groups of 10 as follows: control, corn oil, TCDD, TQ and TCDD + TQ. Biochemical and histopathological analyses were conducted on liver tissue. We found that 30 day TCDD administration caused histopathological changes in liver including thickening of Glisson's capsule, intracytoplasmic vacuolization in hepatocytes, sinusoidal dilation, vascular and sinusoidal congestion and inflammatory cell infiltration. TCDD administration increased malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in rat liver tissue and reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels compared to all other groups. In the TQ treated group, GSH, SOD, CAT and TAS levels increased compared to all other groups. MDA, TOS, ALT, AST, ALP levels decreased compared to all other groups. Our histological findings were consistent with the biochemical findings. The oxidative and histologic effects of TCDD were eliminated by TQ treatment. TCDD administration caused oxidative stress in rat liver and TQ administered with TCDD prevented TCDD induced hepatotoxicity. TQ could be considered an alternative anti-TCDD toxicity agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Erdemli
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty , Nigde Omer Halisdemir University , Nigde
| | - B Yigitcan
- b Departments of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya
| | - M Gul
- b Departments of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya
| | - H G Bag
- c Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya
| | - S Gul
- b Departments of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya
| | - Z Aksungur
- d Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
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Al-Ani M, Gul S, Allen B, Beaver T, Arnaoutakis G, Jeng E, Vilaro J, Aranda J, Ahmed M. Patterns of ED Utilization for LVAD Patients Compared to non-LVAD Patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Cosgun BE, Erdemli ME, Gul M, Gul S, Bag HG, Aksungur Z, Altinoz E. Crocin protects intestine tissue against carbon tetrachloride-mediated oxidative stress in rats. Gen Physiol Biophys 2018; 37:399-409. [DOI: 10.4149/gpb_2017057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tyndall J, Kerrigan M, Baker Chowdhury M, Elie MC, Gul S, Balakrishnan M, Sonke J. 427 Music in Emergent Settings: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Emerg Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.07.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gul S, Cohen S, Johnson J, Morris J, Tyndall J. 183 Spatiotemporal Patterns and Social Determinants of Community-Associated Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Among Emergency Department Patients in North Central Florida. Ann Emerg Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.07.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rodgers G, Solomon D, Gul S, Naughton C. 44A QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT TO CREATE A CLIMATE OF CARE RESULTING IN A REDUCTION OF THE PRESCRIPTION OF ANTI-PSYCHOTICS ON THE WARD. Age Ageing 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afx055.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Anwar S, Nawaz MF, Gul S, Rizwan M, Ali S, Kareem A. Uptake and distribution of minerals and heavy metals in commonly grown leafy vegetable species irrigated with sewage water. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:541. [PMID: 27581008 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal uptake and accumulation behavior in dietary vegetables irrigated with sewage waters is an important issue worldwide. The main objective of this study was to examine and compare the physiological and growth responses of leafy vegetables irrigated with sewage water. A pot experiment was conducted in a wire house with three leafy vegetables, coriander (Coriandrum sativum), mint (Mentha arvensis), and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum), grown under ambient conditions. Plants were irrigated with different concentrations, 0, 50 (T 1), and 100 % (T 2), of sewage water. After harvesting, morphological and physiological parameters of plants were measured. Heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) concentrations in the sewage water were found much higher than safer limits. The results revealed that the highest plant biomass and lowest metal contents were observed in control treatments in all studied vegetables. The biomass of all the vegetables were negatively affected when irrigated with sewage water. In T 2, coriander accumulated maximum Cd (μg g(-1) DW) in shoots (4.97) as compared to other vegetables. The maximum Pb and Cu concentrations were accumulated in mint roots (44 and 3.9, respectively) as compared to coriander and fenugreek. Zinc was accumulated in the sequence of leaves > roots > shoots under polluted water irrigation. The concentrations of potassium increased in leaves, shoots, and roots in all vegetables, while phosphorous concentrations varied with species and plant parts with increasing sewage water concentration. It was found that the leafy vegetables grown with sewage water irrigation may cause severe human health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Anwar
- Huazhong Agriculture Univesity Wuhan, Hubei, CN, 430070, China
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Gul
- Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Arshaad Kareem
- Huazhong Agriculture Univesity Wuhan, Hubei, CN, 430070, China
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Ur-Rehman A, Gul S, Abbasi MA, Nafeesa K, Akhtar MN, Khan KM, Ahmad I, Afzal S. Synthesis and Evaluation of some New 5-Substituted-1,3,4- oxadiazol-2yl-4-(morpholin-4yl Sulfonyl)benzyl Sulfides as Antibacterial Agent. TROP J PHARM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v14i11.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Rasool S, Rehman A, Abbasi MA, Gul S, Akhtar MN, Ahmad I, Afzal S. Synthesis of N'-Substituted-2-(5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1,3,4- oxadiazol-2-ylthio)acetohydrazide Derivatives as Suitable Antibacterial Agents. TROP J PHARM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v14i6.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Vachtsevanos L, Gul S, Davies A. Fixator assisted lateral opening wedge osteotomy of the distal femur. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2014; 96:549. [PMID: 25245741 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2014.96.7.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Kaynar K, Songul Tat T, Ulusoy S, Cansiz M, Ozkan G, Gul S, Bektas O. Evaluation of nutritional parameters of hemodialysis patients. Hippokratia 2012; 16:236-40. [PMID: 23935290 PMCID: PMC3738730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to investigate nutritional parameters of hemodialysis patients by using anthropometric and biochemical measurements. METHODS Data from the last 6 months of 22 adult hemodialysis patients with a mean age of 61 ± 14 years were analyzed retrospectively. Dialysis vintage, normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR), serum biochemical parameters, mid arm muscle circumference (MAMC) were determined as mean and standard deviation. Correlations between the variables were computed by coefficient p of Pearson. RESULTS We found significant positive correlations: age of patients versus C-reactive protein, MAMC versus LDL-Cholesterol, MAMC versus body mass index, albumin versus hemoglobin. There were also significant negative correlations: age versus serum creatinine, age versus albumin, age versus intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), dialysis vintage versus MAMC. CONCLUSION In conclusion, age seem to be negatively associated with iPTH and albumin. As dialysis vintage increases, muscle mass seems to decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kaynar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Yesilyurt M, Kilic S, Celebi B, Celik M, Gul S, Erdogan F, Ozel G. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica strains isolated from humans in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:2588-92. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Muglu JA, Gul S, Edozien L. Consent and reproductive health in schizophrenia: how much does the patient decide? J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2009; 29:675-6. [PMID: 19757287 DOI: 10.1080/01443610903095874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Muglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rochdale Infirmary, Rochdale, UK.
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Ozic C, Gul S. Cloning of a glutathione-S-transferase zeta gene from Orthrias angora. N Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.06.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the anti-inflammatory response of methylprednisolone and the alpha2-agonist dexmedetomidine in spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS Twenty-four male adult Wistar albino rats, weight 200-250 g, were included in the study. The rats were divided into four groups as follows: the control group (n: 6) received only laminectomy; the SCI group (n: 6) with trauma alone; the SCI+methylprednisolone group (n: 6) with trauma and 30 mg/kg methylprednisolone, followed by a maintenance dose of 5.4 mg/kg/h; and the SCI+dexmedetomidine group (n: 6) with trauma and 10 microg/kg dexmedetomidine treatment intraperitoneally. Twenty-four hours after the trauma, spinal cord samples were taken for histopathological examination and serum samples were collected for interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha measurement. RESULTS TNF-alpha (P=0.009) and IL-6 (P=0.009) levels were significantly increased in the SCI group. TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels were significantly decreased with methylprednisolone (P=0.002, 0.002) and dexmedetomidine (P=0.002, 0.009) treatment, respectively. Methylprednisolone and dexmedetomidine treatment reduced neutrophils' infiltration in SCI. CONCLUSIONS The current study does not clarify the definitive mechanism by which dexmedetomidine decreases inflammatory cytokines but it is the first study to report the anti-inflammatory effect of dexmedetomidine in SCI. Further studies are required to elucidate the effects of dexmedetomidine on the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Can
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karaelmas University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
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Szutowicz A, Bielarczyk H, Gul S, Ronowska A, Pawełczyk T, Jankowska-Kulawy A. Phenotype-dependent susceptibility of cholinergic neuroblastoma cells to neurotoxic inputs. Metab Brain Dis 2006; 21:149-61. [PMID: 16724269 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-006-9007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2005] [Accepted: 10/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A preferential loss of brain cholinergic neurons in the course of Alzheimer's disease and other encephalopathies is accompanied by a proportional impairment of acetyl-CoA synthesizing capacity in affected brains. Particular susceptibility of cholinergic neurons to neurodegeneration might results from insufficient supply of acetyl-CoA for energy production and acetylcholine synthesis in these conditions. Exposure of SN56 cholinergic neuroblastoma cells to dibutyryl cAMP and retinoic acid for 3 days caused their morphologic differentiation along with the increase in choline acetyltransferase activity, acetylcholine content and release, calcium content, and the expression of p75 neurotrophin receptors. Acetyl-CoA content correlated inversely with choline acetyltransferase activity in different lines of SN56 cells. In differentiated cells, aluminum (1 mM), amyloid beta(25-35) (0.001 mM), and sodium nitroprusside (1 mM), caused much greater decrease of pyruvate dehydrogenase and choline acetyltransferase activities and cell viability than in nondifferentiated ones. Aluminum (1 mM) aggravated suppressory effects of amyloid beta on choline acetyltransferase and pyruvate dehydrogenase activities and viability of differentiated cells. Similar additive inhibitory effects were observed upon combined exposure of differentiated cells to sodium nitroprusside and amyloid beta(25-35). None or much smaller suppressory effects of these neurotoxins were observed in nondifferentiated cells. Increase in the fraction of nonviable differentiated cells positively correlated with losses of choline acetyltransferase, pyruvate dehydrogenase activities, and cytoplasmic cytochrome c content in different neurotoxic conditions. These data indicate that highly differentiated cholinergic neurons may be more susceptible to aluminum and other neurotoxins than the nondifferentiated ones due to relative shortage of acetyl-CoA, increased content of Ca(2+), and expression of p75 receptors, yielding increase in cytoplasmic cytochrome c and subsequently grater rate of death of the former ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Szutowicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-211, Poland.
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Ozdemir F, Akdogan R, Aydin F, Reis A, Kavgaci H, Gul S, Akdogan E. The effects of VEGF and VEGFR-2 on survival in patients with gastric cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2006; 25:83-8. [PMID: 16761623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Prognostic criteria of the patients with gastric cancer are of critical importance in their management and follow-up. Angiogenesis is essential for the growth and metastasis of solid tumors. Tumor angiogenesis is a multi-step interactive process, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors have a major role in tumor angiogenesis. Thus, we investigated the effects of VEGF and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2, KDR) on survival in patients with gastric cancer. We analyzed 51 patients who had undergone total or subtotal gastric resection. The patients were divided into two subgroups according to their VEGF and VEGFR-2 (KDR) expression in resected specimens. There was no significant difference between sex, surgical method, lymph node metastasis, serosal invasion, hematogenous metastasis, chemotherapy status of the two subgroups. Mean follow-up time was 24.22 +/- 15.38 months. We found the survival rates of the patients with VEGF positive tumors to be significantly shorter than those of the patients with VEGF negative tumors. There was no significant difference between the survival rates of VEGFR-2 (KDR) positive and negative patients. It was established that the presence of VEGF expression was significantly associated with the short survival rates in patients with gastric cancer. Analysis of VEGF expression in resected specimens may provide additional guidance in determining the prognosis of such patients. If more extensive studies confirm the significance of VEGF and its receptors in gastric cancer, new therapeutic approaches targeting VEGF and its receptors may be considered in gastric cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ozdemir
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
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Noble MA, Gul S, Verma CS, Brocklehurst K. Ionization characteristics and chemical influences of aspartic acid residue 158 of papain and caricain determined by structure-related kinetic and computational techniques: multiple electrostatic modulators of active-centre chemistry. Biochem J 2000; 351 Pt 3:723-33. [PMID: 11042128 PMCID: PMC1221413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The pK(a) of (Asp(158))-CO(2)H of papain (EC 3.4.22.2) was determined as 2.8 by using 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (Nbf-Cl) as a reactivity probe targeted on the thiolate anion component of the Cys(25)/His(159) nucleophilic-acid/base motif of the catalytic site. The possibility of using Nbf-Cl for this purpose was established by modelling the papain-Nbf-Cl Meisenheimer intermediate by using QUANTA/CHARMM and performing molecular orbital calculations with MOPAC interfaced with Cerius 2. A pH-dependent stopped-flow kinetic study of the reaction of papain with Nbf-Cl established that the striking rate maximum at pH 3 results from reaction in a minor ionization state comprising (Cys(25))-S(-)/(His(159))-Im(+)H (in which Im represents imidazole) produced by protonic dissociation of (Cys(25))-SH/(His(159))-Im(+)H with pK(a) 3.3 and (Asp(158))-CO(2)H. Although the analogous intermediate in the reaction of caricain (EC 3.4.22.30) with Nbf-Cl has similar geometry, the pH-k profile (k being the second-order rate constant) lacks a rate maximum under acidic conditions. This precludes the experimental determination of the pK(a) value of (Asp(158))-CO(2)H of caricain, which was calculated to be 2.0 by solving the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation with the program UHBD ('University of Houston Brownian dynamics'). A value lower than 2.8 had been predicted by consideration of the hydrogen-bonded networks involving Asp(158) and its microenvironments in both enzymes. The difference between these pK(a) values (values not previously detected in reactions of either enzyme) accounts for the lack of the rate maximum in the caricain reaction and for the differences in the electronic absorption spectra of the two S-Nbf-enzymes under acidic conditions. The concept of control of cysteine proteinase activity by multiple electrostatic modulators, including (Asp(158))-CO(2)(-), which modifies traditional mechanistic views, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Noble
- Laboratory of Structural and Mechanistic Enzymology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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Topham CM, Gul S, Resmini M, Sonkaria S, Gallacher G, Brocklehurst K. The kinetic basis of a general method for the investigation of active site content of enzymes and catalytic antibodies: first-order behaviour under single-turnover and cycling conditions. J Theor Biol 2000; 204:239-56. [PMID: 10887904 DOI: 10.1006/jtbi.2000.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The theoretical foundation has been laid for the investigation of catalytic systems using first-order kinetics and for a general kinetic method of investigation of the active site content, E(a), of enzymes, catalytic antibodies, and other enzyme-like catalysts. The method involves a combination of steady-state and single-turnover kinetics to provide Vmax and Km and k(lim)(obs) and K(app)(m), respectively. The validity of the method is shown to remain valid for two extensions of the simple two-step enzyme catalysis model (a) when the catalyst preparation contains molecules (Eb) that bind substrate but fail to catalyse product formation and (b) when the catalyst itself binds substrate non-productively as well as productively. The former is a particularly serious complication for polyclonal catalytic antibodies and the latter a potential complication for all catalysts. For the simple model and for (b) Vmax/k(lim)(obs) provides the value of [Ea]T and for (a) its upper limit. This can be refined by consideration of the relative values of Km and the equilibrium dissociation constant of EbS. For the polyclonal catalytic antibody preparation investigated, the fact that K(app/m) > Km demonstrates for the first time the presence of a substrate-binding but non-catalytic component in a polyclonal preparation. First-order behaviour in catalytic systems occurs not only with a large excess of catalyst over substrate but also with lower catalyst/substrate ratios, including the equimolar condition, when K(app)(m) >> [S]0, a phenomenon that is not widely appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Topham
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS UPR 9062, Toulouse, France
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