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Towers IR, Vesk PA, Wenk EH, Gallagher RV, Windecker SM, Wright IJ, Falster DS. Revisiting the role of mean annual precipitation in shaping functional trait distributions at a continental scale. New Phytol 2024; 241:1900-1909. [PMID: 38135654 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac R Towers
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Peter A Vesk
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth H Wenk
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rachael V Gallagher
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Saras M Windecker
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ian J Wright
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature & Agriculture, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Daniel S Falster
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Xu HG, Li YL, He GX, Liu XN, Ji T, Xiao R. Response of soil stoichiometric characteristics to climatic factors in temperate steppe of Longzhong region, China. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:3003-3010. [PMID: 37997411 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202311.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
We explored the relationship between climate factors (mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature) and the contents and stoichiometry of soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) at different soil depths (0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-50, 50-70, and 70-100 cm) temperate steppe of Longzhong. The results showed with the increases of soil depth, soil C, N contents, C:P, and N:P gradually decreased from 21.88 g·kg-1, 1.84 g·kg-1, 33.6 and 3.1 to 7.67 g·kg-1, 0.59 g·kg-1, 12.5 and 1.0, respectively. Soil C:N showed an increasing trend from 12.2 to 13.9, while soil P content remained stable with an average of 0.61 g·kg-1. Soil C, N, C:P, and N:P were significantly positively correlated with mean annual precipitation and negatively correlated with mean annual temperature. Soil P content and C:N were not correlated with mean annual precipita-tion and mean annual temperature. With the increases of soil depth, the total explanatory power of the changes in soil C, N and P contents by mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature decreased and then increased, and that in soil C:P, N:P and C:N did not change significantly. The changes of soil C, N and P contents on the temperature steppe were mainly influenced by mean annual precipitation. The effects and relative contributions of mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature on the variations of soil nutrient contents and stoichiometry of C, N and P differed at different soil depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Guang Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ya-Li Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Guo-Xing He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiao-Ni Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tong Ji
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Bi MH, Jiang C, Yao GQ, Turner NC, Scoffoni C, Fang XW. Rapid drought-recovery of gas exchange in Caragana species adapted to low mean annual precipitation. Plant Cell Environ 2023. [PMID: 37294176 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While variation in mean annual precipitation (MAP) of the native habitat of a species has been shown to determine the ability of a species to resist a hydraulic decrease during drought, it remains unknown whether these variations in MAP also influence the ability of a species to recover and survive drought. Leaf hydraulic and gas exchange recovery following drought and the underlying mechanisms of these responses in six Caragana species from habitats along a large precipitation gradient were investigated during rehydration in a common garden. The gas exchange of species from arid habitats recovered more rapidly during rehydration after mild, moderate and severe drought stress treatments than species from humid habitats. The recovery of gas exchange was not associated with foliar abscisic acid concentration, but tightly related to the recovery of leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ). The recovery of Kleaf was associated with the loss of Kleaf during dehydration under mild and moderate drought stress, and to leaf xylem embolism formation under severe drought stress. Results pointed to the different ability to recover in gas exchange in six Caragana species post-drought is associated with the MAP of the species in its native habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guang-Qian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Neil C Turner
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia M082, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christine Scoffoni
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xiang-Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Wilde BC, Bragg JG, Cornwell W. Analyzing trait-climate relationships within and among taxa using machine learning and herbarium specimens. Am J Bot 2023; 110:e16167. [PMID: 37043678 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Continental-scale leaf trait studies can help explain how plants survive in different environments, but large data sets are costly to assemble at this scale. Automating the measurement of digitized herbarium collections could rapidly expand the data available to such studies. We used machine learning to identify and measure leaves from existing, digitized herbarium specimens. The process was developed, validated, and applied to analyses of relationships between leaf size and climate within and among species for two genera: Syzygium (Myrtaceae) and Ficus (Moraceae). METHODS Convolutional neural network (CNN) models were used to detect and measure complete leaves in images. Predictions of a model trained with a set of 35 randomly selected images and a second model trained with 35 user-selected images were compared using a set of 50 labeled validation images. The validated models were then applied to 1227 Syzygium and 2595 Ficus specimens digitized by the National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australia. Leaf area measurements were made for each genus and used to examine links between leaf size and climate. RESULTS The user-selected training method for Syzygium found more leaves (9347 vs. 8423) using fewer training masks (218 vs. 225), and found leaves with a greater range of sizes than the random image training method. Within each genus, leaf size was positively associated with temperature and rainfall, consistent with previous observations. However, within species, the associations between leaf size and environmental variables were weaker. CONCLUSIONS CNNs detected and measured leaves with levels of accuracy useful for trait extraction and analysis and illustrate the potential for machine learning of herbarium specimens to massively increase global leaf trait data sets. Within-species relationships were weak, suggesting that population history and gene flow have a strong effect at this level. Herbarium specimens and machine learning could expand sampling of trait data within many species, offering new insights into trait evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan C Wilde
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, The Royal Botanic Garden Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jason G Bragg
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, The Royal Botanic Garden Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - William Cornwell
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, 2052, New South Wales, Australia
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Wen K, Chadwick OA, Vitousek PM, Paulus EL, Landrot G, Tappero RV, Kaszuba JP, Luther GW, Wang Z, Reinhart BJ, Zhu M. Manganese Oxidation States in Volcanic Soils across Annual Rainfall Gradients. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:730-740. [PMID: 36538415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) exists as Mn(II), Mn(III), or Mn(IV) in soils, and the Mn oxidation state controls the roles of Mn in numerous environmental processes. However, the variations of Mn oxidation states with climate remain unknown. We determined the Mn oxidation states in highly weathered bulk volcanic soils (primary minerals free) across two rainfall gradients covering mean annual precipitation (MAP) of 0.25-5 m in the Hawaiian Islands. With increasing MAP, the soil redox conditions generally shifted from oxic to suboxic and to anoxic despite fluctuating at each site; concurrently, the proportions of Mn(IV) and Mn(II) decreased and increased, respectively. Mn(III) was low at both low and high MAP, but accumulated substantially, up to 80% of total Mn, in soils with prevalent suboxic conditions at intermediate MAP. Mn(III) was likely hosted in Mn(III,IV) and iron(III) oxides or complexed with organic matter, and its distribution among these hosts varied with soil redox potentials and soil pH. Soil redox conditions and rainfall-driven leaching jointly controlled exchangeable Mn(II) in soils, with its concentration peaking at intermediate MAP. The Mn redox chemistry was at disequilibrium, with the oxidation states correlating with long-term average soil redox potentials better than with soil pH. The soil redox conditions likely fluctuated between oxic and anoxic conditions more frequently at intermediate than at low and high MAP, creating biogeochemical hot spots where Mn, Fe, and other redox-sensitive elements may be actively cycled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wen
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming82071, United States
| | - Oliver A Chadwick
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
| | - Peter M Vitousek
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Elizabeth L Paulus
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Gautier Landrot
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin91190, France
| | - Ryan V Tappero
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, NSLS-II, Upton, New York11973, United States
| | - John P Kaszuba
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming82071, United States
- School of Energy Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming82071, United States
| | - George W Luther
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, Delaware19958, United States
| | - Zimeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, China
| | | | - Mengqiang Zhu
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming82071, United States
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Xie X, Qiu J, Feng X, Hou Y, Wang S, Jia S, Liu S, Hou X, Dou S. Spatial Distribution and Estimation Model of Soil pH in Coastal Eastern China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:16855. [PMID: 36554730 PMCID: PMC9779465 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil pH is an essential indicator for assessing soil quality and soil health. In this study, based on the Chinese farmland soil survey dataset and meteorological dataset, the spatial distribution characteristics of soil pH in coastal eastern China were analyzed using kriging interpolation. The relationships between hydrothermal conditions and soil pH were explored using regression analysis with mean annual precipitation (MAP), mean annual temperature (MAT), the ratio of precipitation to temperature (P/T), and the product of precipitation and temperature (P*T) as the main explanatory variables. Based on this, a model that can rapidly estimate soil pH was established. The results showed that: (a) The spatial heterogeneity of soil pH in coastal eastern China was obvious, with the values gradually decreasing from north to south, ranging from 4.5 to 8.5; (b) soil pH was significantly correlated with all explanatory variables at the 0.01 level. In general, MAP was the main factor affecting soil pH (r = -0.7244), followed by P/T (r = -0.6007). In the regions with MAP < 800 mm, soil pH was negatively correlated with MAP (r = -0.4631) and P/T (r = -0.7041), respectively, and positively correlated with MAT (r = 0.6093) and P*T (r = 0.3951), respectively. In the regions with MAP > 800 mm, soil pH was negatively correlated with MAP (r = -0.6651), MAT (r = -0.5047), P/T (r = -0.3268), and P*T (r = -0.5808), respectively. (c) The estimation model of soil pH was: y = 23.4572 - 6.3930 × lgMAP + 0.1312 × MAT. It has been verified to have a high accuracy (r = 0.7743, p < 0.01). The mean error, the mean absolute error, and the root mean square error were 0.0450, 0.5300, and 0.7193, respectively. It provides a new path for rapid estimation of the regional soil pH, which is important for improving the management of agricultural production and slowing down soil degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiansheng Xie
- Guangxi Geographical Indication Crops Research Center of Big Data Mining and Experimental Engineering Technology, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
- Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jianfei Qiu
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Xinxin Feng
- School of Geography and Planning, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Yanlin Hou
- Guangxi Geographical Indication Crops Research Center of Big Data Mining and Experimental Engineering Technology, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Ministry of Education), Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Shuojin Wang
- Guangxi Geographical Indication Crops Research Center of Big Data Mining and Experimental Engineering Technology, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Ministry of Education), Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Shugang Jia
- Guangxi Geographical Indication Crops Research Center of Big Data Mining and Experimental Engineering Technology, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Ministry of Education), Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Shutian Liu
- Guangxi Geographical Indication Crops Research Center of Big Data Mining and Experimental Engineering Technology, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Ministry of Education), Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Xianda Hou
- Guangxi Geographical Indication Crops Research Center of Big Data Mining and Experimental Engineering Technology, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Ministry of Education), Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Sen Dou
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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Wu Q, Yue K, Ma Y, Heděnec P, Cai Y, Chen J, Zhang H, Shao J, Chang SX, Li Y. Contrasting effects of altered precipitation regimes on soil nitrogen cycling at the global scale. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:6679-6695. [PMID: 36002993 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Changes in precipitation regimes can strongly affect soil nitrogen (N) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, whether altered precipitation regimes may differentially affect soil N cycling between arid and humid biomes at the global scale is unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis using 1036 pairwise observations collected from 194 publications to assess the effects of increased and decreased precipitation on the input (N return from plants), storage (various forms of N in soil), and output (gaseous N emissions) of soil N in arid versus humid biomes at the global scale. We found that (1) increased precipitation significantly increased N input (+12.1%) and output (+34.9%) but decreased N storage (-13.7%), while decreased precipitation significantly decreased N input (-10.7%) and output (-34.8%) but increased N storage (+11.1%); (2) the sensitivity of soil N cycling to increased precipitation was higher in arid regions than in humid regions, while that to decreased precipitation was lower in arid regions than in humid regions; (3) the effect of altered precipitation regimes on soil N cycling was independent of precipitation type (i.e., rainfall vs. snowfall); and (4) the mean annual precipitation regulated soil N cycling in precipitation alteration experiments at the global scale. Overall, our results clearly show that the response of soil N cycling to increased versus decreased precipitation differs between arid and humid regions, indicating the uneven effect of climate change on soil N cycling between these two contrasting climate regions. This implies that ecosystem models need to consider the differential responses of N cycling to altered precipitation regimes in different climatic conditions under future global change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Yue
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuandan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Petr Heděnec
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Yanjiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junjiong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Hou E, Litvak ME, Rudgers JA, Jiang L, Collins SL, Pockman WT, Hui D, Niu S, Luo Y. Divergent responses of primary production to increasing precipitation variability in global drylands. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:5225-5237. [PMID: 34260799 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Interannual variability in precipitation has increased globally as climate warming intensifies. The increased variability impacts both terrestrial plant production and carbon (C) sequestration. However, mechanisms driving these changes are largely unknown. Here, we examined mechanisms underlying the response of aboveground net primary production (ANPP) to interannual precipitation variability in global drylands with mean annual precipitation (MAP) <500 mm year-1 , using a combined approach of data synthesis and process-based modeling. We found a hump-shaped response of ANPP to precipitation variability along the MAP gradient. The response was positive when MAP < ~300 mm year-1 and negative when MAP was higher than this threshold, with a positive peak at 140 mm year-1 . Transpiration and subsoil water content mirrored the response of ANPP to precipitation variability; evaporation responded negatively and water loss through runoff and drainage responded positively to precipitation variability. Mean annual temperature, soil type, and plant physiological traits all altered the magnitude but not the pattern of the response of ANPP to precipitation variability along the MAP gradient. By extrapolating to global drylands (<500 mm year-1 MAP), we estimated that ANPP would increase by 15.2 ± 6.0 Tg C year-1 in arid and hyper-arid lands and decrease by 2.1 ± 0.5 Tg C year-1 in dry sub-humid lands under future changes in interannual precipitation variability. Thus, increases in precipitation variability will enhance primary production in many drylands in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enqing Hou
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Marcy E Litvak
- Department of Biology, MSC03-2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jennifer A Rudgers
- Department of Biology, MSC03-2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Lifen Jiang
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Scott L Collins
- Department of Biology, MSC03-2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - William T Pockman
- Department of Biology, MSC03-2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
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9
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Pathare VS, Sonawane BV, Koteyeva N, Cousins AB. C 4 grasses adapted to low precipitation habitats show traits related to greater mesophyll conductance and lower leaf hydraulic conductance. Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:1897-1910. [PMID: 32449181 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In habitats with low water availability, a fundamental challenge for plants will be to maximize photosynthetic C-gain while minimizing transpirational water-loss. This trade-off between C-gain and water-loss can in part be achieved through the coordination of leaf-level photosynthetic and hydraulic traits. To test the relationship of photosynthetic C-gain and transpirational water-loss, we grew, under common growth conditions, 18 C4 grasses adapted to habitats with different mean annual precipitation (MAP) and measured leaf-level structural and anatomical traits associated with mesophyll conductance (gm ) and leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ). The C4 grasses adapted to lower MAP showed greater mesophyll surface area exposed to intercellular air spaces (Smes ) and adaxial stomatal density (SDada ) which supported greater gm . These grasses also showed greater leaf thickness and vein-to-epidermis distance, which may lead to lower Kleaf . Additionally, grasses with greater gm and lower Kleaf also showed greater photosynthetic rates (Anet ) and leaf-level water-use efficiency (WUE). In summary, we identify a suite of leaf-level traits that appear important for adaptation of C4 grasses to habitats with low MAP and may be useful to identify C4 species showing greater Anet and WUE in drier conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha S Pathare
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Balasaheb V Sonawane
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Nouria Koteyeva
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Morphology, V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Asaph B Cousins
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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10
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Xiuqing N, Wang D, Lucun Y, Li F, Guoying Z. Belowground biomass of alpine shrublands across the northeast Tibetan Plateau. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:5315-5322. [PMID: 32607154 PMCID: PMC7319123 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although belowground biomass (BGB) plays an important role in global cycling, the storage of BGB and climatic effects on it are remaining unclear. With data from 49 sites, we aimed to investigate BGB and its climatic controls in alpine shrublands in the Tibetan Plateau. Our study showed that the BGB (both grass-layer and shrub-layer biomass) storage in the alpine shrublands was 67.24 Tg, and the mean BGB density and shrublands area were 1,567.38 g/m2 and 4.29 × 104 km2, respectively. Shrub layer had a larger BGB stock and accounted for 66% of total BGB this area, while only 34% was accumulated in the grass layer. BGB of the grass layer in the Tibetan Plateau shrublands was larger than that of Tibetan alpine grasslands, indicating that shrubland ecosystem played a critical importance role in carbon cycle on the Tibetan Plateau. The BGB in the grass layer and shrub layer demonstrated different correlations with climatic factors. Specifically, the effects from mean annual temperature on shrub-layer BGB were not significant, similarly to the relationship between mean annual precipitation and grass-layer BGB. But shrub-layer BGB had a significantly positive relationship with mean annual precipitation (p < .05), while grass-layer BGB showed a trend of decrease with increasing mean annual temperature (p < .05). Consequently, the actual and potential increases of BGB varied due to different increases of mean annual precipitation and temperature among different areas of the Tibetan Plateau. Therefore, in the warmer and wetter scenario, due to contrary relationships from mean annual precipitation and temperature on shrub-layer BGB and grass-layer BGB, it is necessary to conduct a long-term monitoring about dynamic changes to increase the precision of assessment of BGB carbon sequestration in the Tibetan Plateau alpine shrublands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nie Xiuqing
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry AdministrationResearch Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine ResearchNorthwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of ScienceXiningChina
- Research Institute of nature protected Area Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry AdministrationResearch Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina
- Research Institute of nature protected Area Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina
| | - Yang Lucun
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine ResearchNorthwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of ScienceXiningChina
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qing‐Tibet Biological ResourcesXiningChina
| | - Fan Li
- Institute of Qinghai Meteorological Science ResearchXiningChina
| | - Zhou Guoying
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine ResearchNorthwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of ScienceXiningChina
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qing‐Tibet Biological ResourcesXiningChina
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11
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Gordon CE, Bendall ER, Stares MG, Collins L, Bradstock RA. Aboveground carbon sequestration in dry temperate forests varies with climate not fire regime. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:4280-4292. [PMID: 29855108 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The storage of carbon in plant tissues and debris has been proposed as a method to offset anthropogenic increases in atmospheric [CO2 ]. Temperate forests represent significant above-ground carbon (AGC) "sinks" because their relatively fast growth and slow decay rates optimise carbon assimilation. Fire is a common disturbance event in temperate forests globally that should strongly influence AGC because: discrete fires consume above-ground biomass releasing carbon to the atmosphere, and the long-term application of different fire-regimes select for specific plant communities that sequester carbon at different rates. We investigated the latter process by quantifying AGC storage at 104 sites in the Sydney Basin Bioregion, Australia, relative to differences in components of the fire regime: frequency, severity and interfire interval. To predict the potential impacts of future climate change on fire/AGC interactions, we stratified our field sites across gradients of mean annual temperature and precipitation and quantified within- and between-factor interactions between the fire and climate variables. In agreement with previous studies, large trees were the primary AGC sink, accounting for ~70% of carbon at sites. Generalised additive models showed that mean annual temperature was the strongest predictor of AGC storage, with a 54% near-linear decrease predicted across the 6.1°C temperature range experienced at sites. Mean annual precipitation, fire frequency, fire severity and interfire interval were consistently poor predictors of total above-ground storage, although there were some significant relationships with component stocks. Our results show resilience of AGC to frequent and severe wildfire and suggest temperature mediated decreases in forest carbon storage under future climate change predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Gordon
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management of Bushfires, Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Eli R Bendall
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management of Bushfires, Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Mitchell G Stares
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management of Bushfires, Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Luke Collins
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
- Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
- Research Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
| | - Ross A Bradstock
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management of Bushfires, Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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12
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Morris H, Plavcová L, Cvecko P, Fichtler E, Gillingham MAF, Martínez‐Cabrera HI, McGlinn DJ, Wheeler E, Zheng J, Ziemińska K, Jansen S. A global analysis of parenchyma tissue fractions in secondary xylem of seed plants. New Phytol 2016; 209:1553-65. [PMID: 26551018 PMCID: PMC5063116 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Parenchyma is an important tissue in secondary xylem of seed plants, with functions ranging from storage to defence and with effects on the physical and mechanical properties of wood. Currently, we lack a large-scale quantitative analysis of ray parenchyma (RP) and axial parenchyma (AP) tissue fractions. Here, we use data from the literature on AP and RP fractions to investigate the potential relationships of climate and growth form with total ray and axial parenchyma fractions (RAP). We found a 29-fold variation in RAP fraction, which was more strongly related to temperature than with precipitation. Stem succulents had the highest RAP values (mean ± SD: 70.2 ± 22.0%), followed by lianas (50.1 ± 16.3%), angiosperm trees and shrubs (26.3 ± 12.4%), and conifers (7.6 ± 2.6%). Differences in RAP fraction between temperate and tropical angiosperm trees (21.1 ± 7.9% vs 36.2 ± 13.4%, respectively) are due to differences in the AP fraction, which is typically three times higher in tropical than in temperate trees, but not in RP fraction. Our results illustrate that both temperature and growth form are important drivers of RAP fractions. These findings should help pave the way to better understand the various functions of RAP in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Morris
- Institute of Systematic Botany and EcologyUlm UniversityAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 11D‐89081UlmGermany
| | - Lenka Plavcová
- Institute of Systematic Botany and EcologyUlm UniversityAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 11D‐89081UlmGermany
| | - Patrick Cvecko
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation GenomicsUlm UniversityAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 11D‐89069UlmGermany
| | - Esther Fichtler
- Institute of Agronomy in the TropicsUniversity of GöttingenGrisebachstrasse 637077GöttingenGermany
| | - Mark A. F. Gillingham
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation GenomicsUlm UniversityAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 11D‐89069UlmGermany
| | - Hugo I. Martínez‐Cabrera
- Département des Sciences BiologiquesUniversité du Québec à MontréalUQÁMCP 8888Succ. Centre Ville MontréalMontréalQCH3C 3P8Canada
| | | | - Elisabeth Wheeler
- Department of Forest BiomaterialsNC State University RaleighRaleighNC27695‐8005USA
| | - Jingming Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of EducationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China
| | - Kasia Ziemińska
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSW2109Australia
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and EcologyUlm UniversityAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 11D‐89081UlmGermany
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13
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Gleason SM, Westoby M, Jansen S, Choat B, Hacke UG, Pratt RB, Bhaskar R, Brodribb TJ, Bucci SJ, Cao KF, Cochard H, Delzon S, Domec JC, Fan ZX, Feild TS, Jacobsen AL, Johnson DM, Lens F, Maherali H, Martínez-Vilalta J, Mayr S, McCulloh KA, Mencuccini M, Mitchell PJ, Morris H, Nardini A, Pittermann J, Plavcová L, Schreiber SG, Sperry JS, Wright IJ, Zanne AE. Weak tradeoff between xylem safety and xylem-specific hydraulic efficiency across the world's woody plant species. New Phytol 2016; 209:123-36. [PMID: 26378984 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of lignified xylem allowed for the efficient transport of water under tension, but also exposed the vascular network to the risk of gas emboli and the spread of gas between xylem conduits, thus impeding sap transport to the leaves. A well-known hypothesis proposes that the safety of xylem (its ability to resist embolism formation and spread) should trade off against xylem efficiency (its capacity to transport water). We tested this safety-efficiency hypothesis in branch xylem across 335 angiosperm and 89 gymnosperm species. Safety was considered at three levels: the xylem water potentials where 12%, 50% and 88% of maximal conductivity are lost. Although correlations between safety and efficiency were weak (r(2) < 0.086), no species had high efficiency and high safety, supporting the idea for a safety-efficiency tradeoff. However, many species had low efficiency and low safety. Species with low efficiency and low safety were weakly associated (r(2) < 0.02 in most cases) with higher wood density, lower leaf- to sapwood-area and shorter stature. There appears to be no persuasive explanation for the considerable number of species with both low efficiency and low safety. These species represent a real challenge for understanding the evolution of xylem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Gleason
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- USDA-ARS, Water Management Research, 2150 Center Ave, Build D, Suite 320, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Mark Westoby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Brendan Choat
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Uwe G Hacke
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Robert B Pratt
- Department of Biology, California State University, Bakersfield, CA, 93311, USA
| | - Radika Bhaskar
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, PA, 19041, USA
| | - Tim J Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Sandra J Bucci
- Grupo de Estudios Biofísicos y Eco-fisiológicos (GEBEF), Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, 9000, Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, and College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Hervé Cochard
- INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- INRA, University of Bordeaux, UMR BIOGECO, F-33450, Talence, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Domec
- Bordeaux Sciences AGRO, UMR1391 ISPA INRA, 1 Cours du général de Gaulle, 33175, Gradignan Cedex, France
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ze-Xin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Taylor S Feild
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, 4811, Australia
| | - Anna L Jacobsen
- Department of Biology, California State University, Bakersfield, CA, 93311, USA
| | - Daniel M Johnson
- Department of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Frederic Lens
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden University, PO Box 9517, 2300RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hafiz Maherali
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA at CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefan Mayr
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- ICREA at CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | | | - Hugh Morris
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jarmila Pittermann
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Lenka Plavcová
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Stefan G Schreiber
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - John S Sperry
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257S 1400E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Amy E Zanne
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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14
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Little SA, Jacobs B, McKechnie SJ, Cooper RL, Christianson ML, Jernstedt JA. Branch architecture in Ginkgo biloba: wood anatomy and long shoot-short shoot interactions. Am J Bot 2013; 100:1923-1935. [PMID: 24061214 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1300123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Ginkgo, centrally placed in seed plant phylogeny, is considered important in many phylogenetic and evolutionary studies. Shoot dimorphism of Ginkgo has been long noted, but no work has yet been done to evaluate the relationships between overall branch architecture and wood ring characters, shoot growth, and environmental conditions. • METHODS Branches, sampled from similar canopy heights, were mapped with the age of each long shoot segment determined by counting annual leaf-scar series on its short shoots. Transverse sections were made for each long shoot segment and an adjacent short shoot; wood ring thickness, number of rings, and number of tracheids/ring were determined. Using branch maps, we identified wood rings for each long shoot segment to year and developmental context of each year (distal short shoot growth only vs. at least one distal long shoot). Climate data were also analyzed in conjunction with developmental context. • KEY RESULTS Significantly thicker wood rings occur in years with distal long shoot development. The likelihood that a branch produced long shoots in a given year was lower with higher maximum annual temperature. Annual maximum temperature was negatively correlated with ring thickness in microsporangiate trees only. Annual minimum temperatures were correlated differently with ring thickness of megasporangiate and microsporangiate trees, depending on the developmental context. There were no significant effects associated with precipitation. • CONCLUSIONS Overall, developmental context alone predicts wood ring thickness about as well as models that include temperature. This suggests that although climatic factors may be strongly correlated with wood ring data among many gymnosperm taxa, at least for Ginkgo, correlations with climate data are primarily due to changes in proportions of shoot developmental types (LS vs. SS) across branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Little
- Department of Plant Sciences, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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15
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Eclesia RP, Jobbagy EG, Jackson RB, Biganzoli F, Piñeiro G. Shifts in soil organic carbon for plantation and pasture establishment in native forests and grasslands of South America. Glob Chang Biol 2012; 18:3237-3251. [PMID: 28741815 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02761.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of native vegetation by pastures or tree plantations is increasing worldwide. Contradictory effects of these land use transitions on the direction of changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, quality, and vertical distribution have been reported, which could be explained by the characteristics of the new or prior vegetation, time since vegetation replacement, and environmental conditions. We used a series of paired-field experiments and a literature synthesis to evaluate how these factors affect SOC contents in transitions between tree- and grass-dominated (grazed) ecosystems in South America. Both our field and literature approaches showed that SOC changes (0-20 cm of depth) were independent of the initial native vegetation (forest, grassland, or savanna) but strongly dependent on the characteristics of the new vegetation (tree plantations or pastures), its age, and precipitation. Pasture establishment increased SOC contents across all our precipitation gradient and C gains were greater as pastures aged. In contrast, tree plantations increased SOC stocks in arid sites but decreased them in humid ones. However, SOC losses in humid sites were counterbalanced by the effect of plantation age, as plantations increased their SOC stocks as plantations aged. A multiple regression model including age and precipitation explained more than 50% (p < 0.01) of SOC changes observed after sowing pastures or planting trees. The only clear shift observed in the vertical distribution of SOC occurred when pastures replaced native forests, with SOC gains in the surface soil but losses at greater depths. The changes in SOC stocks occurred mainly in the silt+clay soil size fraction (MAOM), while SOC stocks in labile (POM) fraction remained relatively constant. Our results can be considered in designing strategies to increase SOC storage and soil fertility and highlight the importance of precipitation, soil depth, and age in determining SOC changes across a range of environments and land-use transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana P Eclesia
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria INTA Cerro Azul, Misiones, Argentina
- IFEVA/Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban G Jobbagy
- Grupo de Estudios Ambientales, IMASL, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Center on Global Change, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fernando Biganzoli
- Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos y Sistemas de Información, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gervasio Piñeiro
- IFEVA/Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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