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Haverroth EJ, Rimer IM, Oliveira LA, de Lima LGA, Cesarino I, Martins SCV, McAdam SAM, Cardoso AA. Gradients in embolism resistance within stems driven by secondary growth in herbs. Plant Cell Environ 2024. [PMID: 38644584 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The stems of some herbaceous species can undergo basal secondary growth, leading to a continuum in the degree of woodiness along the stem. Whether the formation of secondary growth in the stem base results in differences in embolism resistance between the base and the upper portions of stems is unknown. We assessed the embolism resistance of leaves and the basal and upper portions of stems simultaneously within the same individuals of two divergent herbaceous species that undergo secondary growth in the mature stem bases. The species were Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Senecio minimus (fireweed). Basal stem in mature plants of both species displayed advanced secondary growth and greater resistance to embolism than the upper stem. This also resulted in significant vulnerability segmentation between the basal stem and the leaves in both species. Greater embolism resistance in the woodier stem base was found alongside decreases in the pith-to-xylem ratio, increases in the proportion of secondary xylem, and increases in lignin content. We show that there can be considerable variation in embolism resistance across the stem in herbs and that this variation is linked to the degree of secondary growth present. A gradient in embolism resistance across the stem in herbaceous plants could be an adaptation to ensure reproduction or basal resprouting during episodes of drought late in the lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J Haverroth
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ian M Rimer
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Leonardo A Oliveira
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leydson G A de Lima
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Center, InovaUSP, Avenida Professor Lucio Martins Rodrigues, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Cesarino
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Center, InovaUSP, Avenida Professor Lucio Martins Rodrigues, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel C V Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Amanda A Cardoso
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Towers IR, Vesk PA, Wenk EH, Gallagher RV, Windecker SM, Wright IJ, Falster DS. Revisiting the role of mean annual precipitation in shaping functional trait distributions at a continental scale. New Phytol 2024; 241:1900-1909. [PMID: 38135654 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac R Towers
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Peter A Vesk
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth H Wenk
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rachael V Gallagher
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Saras M Windecker
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ian J Wright
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature & Agriculture, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Daniel S Falster
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Johnson KM, Fletcher LR. A herbaceous species provides insights into drought-driven plant adaptation. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:680-683. [PMID: 36739580 PMCID: PMC9899411 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on: Thonglim A, Bortolami G, Delzon S, Larter M, Offringa R, Keurentjes JJB, Smets E, Balazadeh S, Lens F. 2023. Drought response in Arabidopsis displays synergistic coordination between stems and leaves. Journal of Experimental Botany 74, 1004–1021
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila R Fletcher
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Mitchell N, Whitney KD. Limited evidence for a positive relationship between hybridization and diversification across seed plant families. Evolution 2021; 75:1966-1982. [PMID: 34156712 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization has experimental and observational ties to evolutionary processes and outcomes such as adaptation, speciation, and radiation. Although it has been hypothesized that hybridization and diversification are positively correlated, this idea remains largely untested empirically, and hybridization can also potentially reduce diversity. Here, we use a hybridization database on 170 seed plant families, life history information, and a time-calibrated phylogeny to test for phylogenetically-corrected associations between hybridization and diversification rates, while also taking into account life-history traits that may be correlated with both processes. We use three methods to estimate diversification rates and two metrics of hybridization. Although hybridization explains only a small amount of overall variation in diversification rates, we show that diversification and hybridization are sometimes positively correlated, although the effect sizes are very small. Moreover, the relationship remains detectable when incorporating the correlations between diversification and two other life history characteristics, perenniality and woodiness. We discuss potential mechanisms for this association under four different scenarios: hybridization may drive diversification, diversification may drive hybridization, both hybridization and diversification may jointly be driven by other factors, or, as an alternative, that there is in fact no relationship between the two. We suggest future studies to disentangle the causal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Mitchell
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131.,Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, 54701
| | - Kenneth D Whitney
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131
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Alonso C, Medrano M, Pérez R, Canto A, Parra-Tabla V, Herrera CM. Interspecific variation across angiosperms in global DNA methylation: phylogeny, ecology and plant features in tropical and Mediterranean communities. New Phytol 2019; 224:949-960. [PMID: 31276214 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The interspecific range of epigenetic variation and the degree to which differences between angiosperm species are related to geography, evolutionary history, ecological settings or species-specific traits, remain essentially unexplored. Genome-wide global DNA cytosine methylation is a tractable 'epiphenotypic' feature suitable for exploring these relationships. Global cytosine methylation was estimated in 279 species from two distant, ecologically disparate geographical regions: Mediterranean Spain and tropical México. At each region, four distinct plant communities were analyzed. Global methylation spanned a 10-fold range among species (4.8-42.2%). Interspecific differences were related to evolutionary trajectories, as denoted by a strong phylogenetic signal. Genomes of tropical species were on average less methylated than those of Mediterranean ones. Woody plants have genomes with lower methylation than perennial herbs, and genomes of widespread species were less methylated than those of species with restricted geographical distribution. The eight communities studied exhibited broad and overlapping interspecific variances in global cytosine methylation and only two of them differed in average methylation. Altogether, our broad taxonomic survey supported global methylation as a plant 'epiphenotypic' trait largely associated with species evolutionary history, genome size, range size and woodiness. Additional studies are required for better understanding the environmental components underlying local and geographical variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conchita Alonso
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Avenida Américo Vespucio 26, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mónica Medrano
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Avenida Américo Vespucio 26, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de La Cartuja, CSIC-US, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Azucena Canto
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Víctor Parra-Tabla
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Km. 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xtmakui, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Carlos M Herrera
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Avenida Américo Vespucio 26, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
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Dória LC, Meijs C, Podadera DS, Del Arco M, Smets E, Delzon S, Lens F. Embolism resistance in stems of herbaceous Brassicaceae and Asteraceae is linked to differences in woodiness and precipitation. Ann Bot 2019; 124:1-14. [PMID: 30590483 PMCID: PMC6676380 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plant survival under extreme drought events has been associated with xylem vulnerability to embolism (the disruption of water transport due to air bubbles in conduits). Despite the ecological and economic importance of herbaceous species, studies focusing on hydraulic failure in herbs remain scarce. Here, we assess the vulnerability to embolism and anatomical adaptations in stems of seven herbaceous Brassicaceae species occurring in different vegetation zones of the island of Tenerife, Canary Islands, and merged them with a similar hydraulic-anatomical data set for herbaceous Asteraceae from Tenerife. METHODS Measurements of vulnerability to xylem embolism using the in situ flow centrifuge technique along with light and transmission electron microscope observations were performed in stems of the herbaceous species. We also assessed the link between embolism resistance vs. mean annual precipitation and anatomical stem characters. KEY RESULTS The herbaceous species show a 2-fold variation in stem P50 from -2.1 MPa to -4.9 MPa. Within Hirschfeldia incana and Sisymbrium orientale, there is also a significant stem P50 difference between populations growing in contrasting environments. Variation in stem P50 is mainly explained by mean annual precipitation as well as by the variation in the degree of woodiness (calculated as the proportion of lignified area per total stem area) and to a lesser extent by the thickness of intervessel pit membranes. Moreover, mean annual precipitation explains the total variance in embolism resistance and stem anatomical traits. CONCLUSIONS The degree of woodiness and thickness of intervessel pit membranes are good predictors of embolism resistance in the herbaceous Brassicaceae and Asteraceae species studied. Differences in mean annual precipitation across the sampling sites affect embolism resistance and stem anatomical characters, both being important characters determining survival and distribution of the herbaceous eudicots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Chacon Dória
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden University, RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- For correspondence. E-mail:
| | - Cynthia Meijs
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden University, RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marcelino Del Arco
- Department of Plant Biology (Botany), La Laguna University, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Erik Smets
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden University, RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frederic Lens
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden University, RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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