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Shetti R, Boonen K, Smiljanić M, Tejnecký V, Drábek O, Lehejček J. Do trees respond to pollution? A network study of the impact of pollution on spruce growth from Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 350:124012. [PMID: 38643933 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Tree rings have been reliably used as an environmental proxy over the past decades for environmental reconstructions, simulations and forecasting. In our study, we investigated whether tree-ring chronologies are impacted by pollution. We chose sites in the Krušné hory and the Krkonoše Mountains in the Czech Republic which have a known history of pollution. We sampled Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst) in both ranges and compared their chronologies. We found no significant difference in the overall radial growth in the chronologies from both regions. However, we observed an increased heterogeneity in the growth of trees from the 1970s till the 1990s. Coherently, a severe reduction in tree growth from the late 1970s and a recovery towards the early 1990s was evident. We collected and analysed soil samples for pH and exchangeable element concentrations. All seven sampling sites' soils were strongly acidic (pHCaCl2 = 3.3 ± 0.4). The average soil base saturation at Krušné hory was higher than at Krkonoše (39% versus 12%), likely due to more intensive liming. Further, we compared these chronologies to other sites in Europe. Analysing 89 sites, we found that most (9 out of 14) of the sites with significantly reduced radial tree growth were located within the former 'Black Triangle', an area which was subjected to heavy industrialisation and pollution from the 1960s to the 1990s. Atmospheric sulphur deposition was found to negatively affect radial tree-growth, while limited quantities of oxidised nitrogen appeared to have a positive effect. Our results are consistent with previous research, indicating that atmospheric SO2 pollution and subsequent acid fog and rime have led to a reduction in annual radial tree growth across the Black Triangle.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shetti
- Department of Environment, University of Jan Evangelista Purkyně, Pasteurova 15, 400 96, Ústí n. Labem (UJEP), Czech Republic; The Green Concept, Institute for Carbon Assessments and Restoration Ecology, Ketkar Road, Pune, 411004, India
| | - K Boonen
- Department of Environment, University of Jan Evangelista Purkyně, Pasteurova 15, 400 96, Ústí n. Labem (UJEP), Czech Republic.
| | - M Smiljanić
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Soldmannstrasse, 15 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - V Tejnecký
- Department of Soil Sciences and Soil Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - O Drábek
- Department of Soil Sciences and Soil Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Lehejček
- Department of Environment, University of Jan Evangelista Purkyně, Pasteurova 15, 400 96, Ústí n. Labem (UJEP), Czech Republic
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Jia B, Sun H, Shugart HH, Xu Z, Zhang P, Zhou G. Growth variations of Dahurian larch plantations across northeast China: Understanding the effects of temperature and precipitation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 292:112739. [PMID: 34020307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is affecting the growth and distribution of trees in the Chinese boreal forest. Such changes in China, the southern terminus of the extensive Eurasian boreal forests, reflect on the changes that could occur further north under a warming climate. Most studies have found that tree growth increases with increasing temperature and precipitation in boreal forests, but there is little observational evidence of the climate thresholds that might slow these growth rates at the more extreme temperatures which are predicted to occur under future global warming. Here, we examine growth responses of this dominant boreal tree species (Larix gmelinii) to climate based on the data from plantation sample plots across a broad region (40° 51'-52° 58'N, 118° 12'E-133° 42'E) in northeast China. From statistically significant fits to quadratic equations, temperature and precipitation are the important climatic factors determining tree growth in L. gmelinii plantations at two age classes (<10 year and 10-30 year-old stands). The maximum rates of tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH) were about 0.53 m/year and 0.46 cm/year at <10 year stands, and about 0.63 m/year and 0.60 cm/year at 10-30 year stands, respectively. For stands with the highest values of mean annual increment (MAI), the corresponding optimal mean annual temperature (MATopt) focused between 0.66 °C and 1.57 °C. The optimal mean annual precipitation (MAPopt) between 663 mm and 708 mm produced the maximal growth increments. With mean annual temperature of -2.4 °C and precipitation of 470 mm averaged over 1954-2005 in Chinese boreal forest region as baseline, we conservatively estimated that trees in Chinese boreal forest appear to have higher growth potentials with the maximum temperature increase of 3.6 °C and precipitation increase of 40%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingrui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Hongru Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Herman Henry Shugart
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Clark Hall, 291 McCormick Road, PO Box 400123, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4123, USA
| | - Zhenzhu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Jevšenak J, Tychkov I, Gričar J, Levanič T, Tumajer J, Prislan P, Arnič D, Popkova M, Shishov VV. Growth-limiting factors and climate response variability in Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) along an elevation and precipitation gradients in Slovenia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:311-324. [PMID: 33067671 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-02033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) is among the most sensitive coniferous species to ongoing climate change. However, previous studies on its growth response to increasing temperatures have yielded contrasting results (from stimulation to suppression), suggesting highly site-specific responses. Here, we present the first study that applies two independent approaches, i.e. the nonlinear, process-based Vaganov-Shashkin (VS) model and linear daily response functions. Data were collected at twelve sites in Slovenia differing in climate regimes and ranging elevation between 170 and 1300 m a.s.l. VS model results revealed that drier Norway spruce sites at lower elevations are mostly moisture limited, while moist high-elevation sites are generally more temperature limited. Daily response functions match well the pattern of growth-limiting factors from the VS model and further explain the effect of climate on radial growth: prevailing growth-limiting factors correspond to the climate variable with higher correlations. Radial growth correlates negatively with rising summer temperature and positively with higher spring precipitation. The opposite response was observed for the wettest site at the highest elevation, which positively reacts to increased summer temperature and will most likely benefit from a warming climate. For all other sites, the future radial growth of Norway spruce largely depends on the balance between spring precipitation and summer temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Jevšenak
- Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ivan Tychkov
- Laboratory for Integral Studies of Forest Dynamics of Eurasia, Siberian Federal University, Akademgorodok St., 50/2, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, 660075
| | - Jožica Gričar
- Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tom Levanič
- Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jan Tumajer
- Department of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12843, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Prislan
- Department of Forest Technique and Economics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Domen Arnič
- Department of Forest Technique and Economics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Margarita Popkova
- Laboratory for Integral Studies of Forest Dynamics of Eurasia, Siberian Federal University, Akademgorodok St., 50/2, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, 660075
| | - Vladimir V Shishov
- Laboratory for Integral Studies of Forest Dynamics of Eurasia, Siberian Federal University, Akademgorodok St., 50/2, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, 660075
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Variability among Sites and Climate Models Contribute to Uncertain Spruce Growth Projections in Denmark. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f12010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Projecting trees species growth into future climate is subject to large uncertainties and it is of importance to quantify the different sources (e.g., site, climate model) to prioritize research efforts. This study quantifies and compares sites and climate model-induced uncertainties in projected Norway spruce growth from Denmark. We analyzed tree-rings from 340 Norway spruce trees sampled in 14 planted stands (1. Plantation; period 1950–1987) and additionally 36 trees from six trials in a common garden experiment (2. Common garden; period 1972–2012). Growth-climate correlations were estimated and multiple linear and nonlinear regression models relating growth with climate were tested. Tree growth was projected up to 2100 applying multiple linear or quadratic regression models based on the 15 Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The climate-growth models showed that summer drought and warm previous-year late-summer and early-autumn constrain growth. In some stands, warm springs affected growth positively. The projections of growth under future climates on average showed from no to slightly negative changes in growth compared to present growth rates. However, projections showed a very large variation, ranging from highly positive to highly negative growth changes. The uncertainties due to variation in site responses and in climate models were substantial. A lesser degree of uncertainty was related to the emission scenarios. Even though our projections on average suggest that Norway spruce may experience a growth reduction in the future, the tremendous variation in growth predictions due to differences between stands and climate models calls for further research and caution when projections are interpreted. These results also suggest that forest managers in general should avoid the use of Norway spruce on exposed and drought prone sites and as an additional resilience measure primarily use it in mixtures with other more climate tolerant species.
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A Complex Method for Estimation of Multiple Abiotic Hazards in Forest Ecosystems. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12102872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Forest ecosystems are faced with a variety of threats, including increasingly prolonged droughts and other abiotic stresses such as extreme high temperatures, very strong wind, invasive insect outbreaks, and the rapid spread of pathogens. The aim of the study was to define crucial abiotic stressors affecting Central Europe forest ecosystems and, with regard to their possible simultaneous effect, develop a universal method of multi-hazard evaluation. The method was then applied to the particular area of interest represented by part of the Czech Republic with forest land cover (12–19 ° E, 48–51 ° N). Based on National Threat Analysis, the most significant threats of natural origin with a close relationship to forest stability were identified as drought, high temperature, and wind gusts. Using suitable indicators, a level of their risk based on occurrence and consequences was estimated. The resulting combined level of risk, divided into five categories, was then spatially expressed on a grid map. The novelty of our paper lies in: (i) all relevant climatic data were combined and evaluated simultaneously with respect to the different level of risk, (ii) the developed methodological road map enables an application of the method for various conditions, and (iii) multiple hazards were estimated for the case study area.
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Cukor J, Vacek Z, Linda R, Sharma RP, Vacek S. Afforested farmland vs. forestland: Effects of bark stripping by Cervus elaphus and climate on production potential and structure of Picea abies forests. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221082. [PMID: 31415638 PMCID: PMC6695186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate (1) effects of bark stripping and climatic factors on radial growth of Picea abies /L./ Karst., (2) production and structural differences between stands established on the forestland and abandoned farmland (afforested farmland–henceforth, farmland), and (3) interaction among the losses caused by ungulate damages, production, diversity, and soil types. Data acquired from four permanent research plots (PRPs) located on the forestland and eight PRPs on the farmland were used. A number of tree- and stand-level models, stand structural indices, tree-rings, and climate characteristics were analysed to evaluate the hypotheses. The results show significantly higher means of DBH, tree height and basal area on the forestland compared to those on the farmland. There was a larger mean standing stem volume on the forestland (466 m3 ha–1) compared to farmland (770 m3 ha–1). Significant difference was observed between the mean DBH and mean stem volume of healthy trees compared to those of the trees with substantial damage (girth damage >1/3 of stem circumference). A greater extent of the girth damage was found on 86% trees on the farmland, while 54% damage on the forestland. About 62% bark-strip damage was further deteriorated by rot infection on the farmland, while on the forestland such an infection was only for 39% trees. The precipitation significantly positively affected the radial growth of trees that were largely affected by ungulate damages on the farmland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Cukor
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká, Prague –Suchdol, Czech Republic
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, Jíloviště, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Vacek
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká, Prague –Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Rostislav Linda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká, Prague –Suchdol, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Ram Prasad Sharma
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká, Prague –Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Vacek
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká, Prague –Suchdol, Czech Republic
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Sidor CG, Camarero JJ, Popa I, Badea O, Apostol EN, Vlad R. Forest vulnerability to extreme climatic events in Romanian Scots pine forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 678:721-727. [PMID: 31078863 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, large-scale mass forest withering and dieback have been reported for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) across eastern Europe, particularly in Romania. In these regions, the climate models forecast an increase in intensity and frequency of extreme climate events such as drought. Taking into account these aspects, the exact identification of the influences of drought on the loss of radial growth and vitality in Scots pine stands becomes mandatory. To achieve this aim, we developed the first country-wide Scots pine dendrochronological network in Romania consisting of 34 chronologies of basal area increment (BAI), and including 1401 individual tree-ring width series. Romanian Scots pine forests were severely impacted by the 2000 and 2012 droughts. The high temperatures and low precipitation from April to August were the main climatic causes of radial-growth reduction and large-scale withering in some areas. By mapping post-drought growth resilience, we identified locations where resilience was low and could identify foci of future forest dieback and high tree mortality. The projected appearance of similar prolonged and severe droughts in the future will lead to the damage or local extinction of some Scots pine forests in Romania, regardless of their age, composition or spatial location. The elaboration of adaptive forest management strategies to the impact of climate changes, specifically designed for the Scots pine stands, is not possible without knowing and understanding these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Gheorghe Sidor
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry 'Marin Drăcea', Calea Bucovinei 73 bis, Câmpulung Moldovenesc, Romania.
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ionel Popa
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry 'Marin Drăcea', Calea Bucovinei 73 bis, Câmpulung Moldovenesc, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Badea
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry 'Marin Drăcea', Calea Bucovinei 73 bis, Câmpulung Moldovenesc, Romania
| | - Ecaterina Nicoleta Apostol
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry 'Marin Drăcea', Calea Bucovinei 73 bis, Câmpulung Moldovenesc, Romania
| | - Radu Vlad
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry 'Marin Drăcea', Calea Bucovinei 73 bis, Câmpulung Moldovenesc, Romania
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Effects of Bark Stripping on Timber Production and Structure of Norway Spruce Forests in Relation to Climatic Factors. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of bark stripping caused by sika deer (Cervus nippon [Temminck]) on the production and structure of young Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) forest stands (41–43 years). Production parameters, structure, diversity, and the dynamics of radial growth in selected forest stands in relation to climatic conditions were evaluated. Similar to other production parameters, stand volumes showed lower values on research plots heavily damaged by bark stripping (290 m3 ha−1) compared to stands with lower tree stem damages (441 m3 ha−1). A significant decrease in stem volume was recorded for trees with stem circumference damage higher than 1/3 of the stem circumference. In most cases, the trees were damaged between the ages of 10–23 years, specifically the radial growth was significantly lowered in this period. The diameter increment of damaged trees dropped to 64% of the healthy counterparts in this period. Bark stripping damages reached up to 93% of the stem circumference with a mean damage of 31%. Stem rot was found on 62% of damaged trees. In our study area, with respect to the terms of climatic conditions, precipitation had a higher effect on radial growth of the Norway spruce compared to temperature. The main limiting climatic factor of tree growth was the lack of precipitation within a growing season, particularly in June of the current year.
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Dalsgaard L, Astrup R, Antón-Fernández C, Borgen SK, Breidenbach J, Lange H, Lehtonen A, Liski J. Modeling Soil Carbon Dynamics in Northern Forests: Effects of Spatial and Temporal Aggregation of Climatic Input Data. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149902. [PMID: 26901763 PMCID: PMC4762889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Boreal forests contain 30% of the global forest carbon with the majority residing in soils. While challenging to quantify, soil carbon changes comprise a significant, and potentially increasing, part of the terrestrial carbon cycle. Thus, their estimation is important when designing forest-based climate change mitigation strategies and soil carbon change estimates are required for the reporting of greenhouse gas emissions. Organic matter decomposition varies with climate in complex nonlinear ways, rendering data aggregation nontrivial. Here, we explored the effects of temporal and spatial aggregation of climatic and litter input data on regional estimates of soil organic carbon stocks and changes for upland forests. We used the soil carbon and decomposition model Yasso07 with input from the Norwegian National Forest Inventory (11275 plots, 1960–2012). Estimates were produced at three spatial and three temporal scales. Results showed that a national level average soil carbon stock estimate varied by 10% depending on the applied spatial and temporal scale of aggregation. Higher stocks were found when applying plot-level input compared to country-level input and when long-term climate was used as compared to annual or 5-year mean values. A national level estimate for soil carbon change was similar across spatial scales, but was considerably (60–70%) lower when applying annual or 5-year mean climate compared to long-term mean climate reflecting the recent climatic changes in Norway. This was particularly evident for the forest-dominated districts in the southeastern and central parts of Norway and in the far north. We concluded that the sensitivity of model estimates to spatial aggregation will depend on the region of interest. Further, that using long-term climate averages during periods with strong climatic trends results in large differences in soil carbon estimates. The largest differences in this study were observed in central and northern regions with strongly increasing temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Dalsgaard
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Rasmus Astrup
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Holger Lange
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | - Aleksi Lehtonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Liski
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Helsinki, Finland
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Rosner S, Světlík J, Andreassen K, Børja I, Dalsgaard L, Evans R, Luss S, Tveito OE, Solberg S. Novel Hydraulic Vulnerability Proxies for a Boreal Conifer Species Reveal That Opportunists May Have Lower Survival Prospects under Extreme Climatic Events. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:831. [PMID: 27375672 PMCID: PMC4899478 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Top dieback in 40-60 years old forest stands of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in southern Norway is supposed to be associated with climatic extremes. Our intention was to learn more about the processes related to top dieback and in particular about the plasticity of possible predisposing factors. We aimed at (i) developing proxies for P 50 based on anatomical data assessed by SilviScan technology and (ii) testing these proxies for their plasticity regarding climate, in order to (iii) analyze annual variations of hydraulic proxies of healthy looking trees and trees with top dieback upon their impact on tree survival. At two sites we selected 10 tree pairs, i.e., one healthy looking tree and one tree with visual signs of dieback such as dry tops, needle shortening and needle yellowing (n = 40 trees). Vulnerability to cavitation (P 50) of the main trunk was assessed in a selected sample set (n = 19) and we thereafter applied SilviScan technology to measure cell dimensions (lumen (b) and cell wall thickness (t)) in these specimen and in all 40 trees in tree rings formed between 1990 and 2010. In a first analysis step, we searched for anatomical proxies for P 50. The set of potential proxies included hydraulic lumen diameters and wall reinforcement parameters based on mean, radial, and tangential tracheid diameters. The conduit wall reinforcement based on tangential hydraulic lumen diameters ((t/b ht)(2)) was the best estimate for P 50. It was thus possible to relate climatic extremes to the potential vulnerability of single annual rings. Trees with top dieback had significantly lower (t/b ht)(2) and wider tangential (hydraulic) lumen diameters some years before a period of water deficit (2005-2006). Radial (hydraulic) lumen diameters showed however no significant differences between both tree groups. (t/b ht)(2) was influenced by annual climate variability; strongest correlations were found with precipitation in September of the previous growing season: high precipitation in previous September resulted in more vulnerable annual rings in the next season. The results are discussed with respect to an "opportunistic behavior" and genetic predisposition to drought sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Rosner
- Institute of Botany, BOKU ViennaVienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Sabine Rosner
| | - Jan Světlík
- Centre MendelGlobe – Global Climate Change and Managed Ecosystems, Mendel UniversityBrno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Robert Evans
- CSIRO Materials Science and EngineeringClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Saskia Luss
- Institute of Botany, BOKU ViennaVienna, Austria
| | | | - Svein Solberg
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅs, Norway
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Gričar J, Prislan P, de Luis M, Gryc V, Hacurová J, Vavrčík H, Čufar K. Plasticity in variation of xylem and phloem cell characteristics of Norway spruce under different local conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:730. [PMID: 26442044 PMCID: PMC4564692 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
There is limited information on intra-annual plasticity of secondary tissues of tree species growing under different environmental conditions. To increase the knowledge about the plasticity of secondary growth, which allows trees to adapt to specific local climatic regimes, we examined climate-radial growth relationships of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.] from three contrasting locations in the temperate climatic zone by analyzing tree-ring widths for the period 1932-2010, and cell characteristics in xylem and phloem increments formed in the years 2009-2011. Variation in the structure of xylem and phloem increments clearly shows that plasticity in seasonal dynamics of cambial cell production and cell differentiation exists on xylem and phloem sides. Anatomical characteristics of xylem and phloem cells are predominantly site-specific characteristics, because they varied among sites but were fairly uniform among years in trees from the same site. Xylem and phloem tissues formed in the first part of the growing season seemed to be more stable in structure, indicating their priority over latewood and late phloem for tree performance. Long-term climate and radial growth analyses revealed that growth was in general less dependent on precipitation than on temperature; however, growth sensitivity to local conditions differed among the sites. Only partial dependence of radial growth of spruce on climatic factors on the selected sites confirms its strategy to adapt the structure of wood and phloem increments to function optimally in local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jožica Gričar
- Department of Yield and Silviculture, Department of Forest Techniques and Economics, Slovenian Forestry InstituteLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Prislan
- Department of Yield and Silviculture, Department of Forest Techniques and Economics, Slovenian Forestry InstituteLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin de Luis
- Department Geografía, University of ZaragozaZaragoza, Spain
| | - Vladimír Gryc
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in BrnoBrno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hacurová
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in BrnoBrno, Czech Republic
| | - Hanuš Vavrčík
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in BrnoBrno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Čufar
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
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Santoni I, Callone E, Sandak A, Sandak J, Dirè S. Solid state NMR and IR characterization of wood polymer structure in relation to tree provenance. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 117:710-721. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Eastaugh CS, Pötzelsberger E, Hasenauer H. Assessing the impacts of climate change and nitrogen deposition on Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) growth in Austria with BIOME-BGC. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 31:262-274. [PMID: 21512099 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpr033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to determine whether a detectable impact of climate change is apparent in Austrian forests. In regions of complex terrain such as most of Austria, climatic trends over the past 50 years show marked geographic variability. As climate is one of the key drivers of forest growth, a comparison of growth characteristics between regions with different trends in temperature and precipitation can give insights into the impact of climatic change on forests. This study uses data from several hundred climate recording stations, interpolated to measurement sites of the Austrian National Forest Inventory (NFI). Austria as a whole shows a warming trend over the past 50 years and little overall change in precipitation. The warming trends, however, vary considerably across certain regions and regional precipitation trends vary widely in both directions, which cancel out on the national scale These differences allow the delineation of 'climatic change zones' with internally consistent climatic trends that differ from other zones. This study applies the species-specific adaptation of the biogeochemical model BIOME-BGC to Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) across a range of Austrian climatic change zones, using input data from a number of national databases. The relative influence of extant climate change on forest growth is quantified, and compared with the far greater impact of non-climatic factors. At the national scale, climate change is found to have negligible effect on Norway spruce productivity, due in part to opposing effects at the regional level. The magnitudes of the modeled non-climatic influences on aboveground woody biomass increment increases are consistent with previously reported values of 20-40 kg of added stem carbon sequestration per kilogram of additional nitrogen deposition, while climate responses are of a magnitude difficult to detect in NFI data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris S Eastaugh
- Institute of Silviculture, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria.
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Inter-annual and inter-plot variations of wood biomass production as related to biotic and abiotic characteristics at a deciduous forest in complex terrain, Korea. Ecol Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-010-0705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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