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Chen H, Geng X, Ning Q, Shi L, Zhang N, He S, Zhao M, Zhang J, Li Z, Shi J, Li J. Biophilic Positive Carbon Dot Exerts Antifungal Activity and Augments Corneal Permeation for Fungal Keratitis. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4044-4053. [PMID: 38517749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Fungal keratitis (FK) is an infectious eye disease that poses a significant risk of blindness. However, the effectiveness of conventional antifungal drugs is limited due to the intrinsic ocular barrier that impedes drug absorption. There is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies to effectively combat FK. Herein, we synthesized an ultrasmall positively charged carbon dot using a simple stage-melting method. The carbon dot can penetrate the corneal barrier by opening the tight junctions, allowing them to reach the lesion site and effectively kill the fungi. The results both in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that it exhibited good biocompatibility and antifungal activity, significantly improving the therapeutic effect in a mouse model of FK. Therefore, this biophilic ultrasmall size and positive carbon dot, characterized by its ability to penetrate the corneal barrier and its antifungal properties, may offer valuable insights into the design of effective ocular nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Chen
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450003 Zhengzhou, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiwen Geng
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450003 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingyun Ning
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450003 Zhengzhou, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liuqi Shi
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450003 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450003 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siyu He
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450003 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengyang Zhao
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450003 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450003 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanrong Li
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450003 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Shi
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingguo Li
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450003 Zhengzhou, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, China
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2
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Ghorbani M, Moradi M, Tajik H, Molaei R, Alizadeh A. Carbon dots embedded bacterial cellulose membrane as active packaging: Toxicity, in vitro release and application in minced beef packaging. Food Chem 2024; 433:137311. [PMID: 37683493 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes incorporated with carbon dots (CDs) were developed to improve the shelf life and ensure the safety of minced beef during 9 days of storage at 4 °C. An ex-situ method was used to develop BC-CDs with different CDs loading capacities (16.50, 22.50, and 38.50 mg/cm3). Only BC-CDs38.50 membrane exhibited toxicity in human embryonic kidney cells, and BC-CDs membranes had the slowest release rate of CDs in 95% ethanol. Significant differences were noted in the chemical and sensory attributes of samples packaged with BC-CDs16.50 and BC-CDs22.50, compared to the control. The microbial counts in samples with BC-CDs were significantly lower than those in samples with pristine BC membranes or the control. Notably, the BC-CDs22.50 membrane exhibited a substantial reduction (4.7 log10 CFU/g) in Escherichia coli counts by the end of storage. These findings highlight the potential of BC-CDs membranes as effective antimicrobial materials in meat packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ghorbani
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Mehran Moradi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hossein Tajik
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | | | - Arash Alizadeh
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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3
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Bakeshlouy Afshar M, Poursattar Marjani A, Gozali Balkanloo P. Introducing graphene quantum dots in decomposable wheat starch-gelatin based nano-biofilms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2069. [PMID: 38267510 PMCID: PMC10808199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This research aims to discover a viable substitute for the common harmful plastic packaging utilized in food products. Citric acid was employed as an accessible and risk-free precursor in synthesizing graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Using the efficient carbonization technique, GQDs were obtained and subsequently transferred to nano-biofilms in varying percentages relative to natural polymers. FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, and AFM analyses were conducted to examine the formation of the nano-biofilms. GQDs demonstrated optimal performance in the disk diffusion method and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical approach. Adding GQDs to starch and gelatin composite improved the physical properties of nano-biofilms such as moisture contact, swelling index, and solubility. The transparency of the films was reduced by GQDs, which reduces the transmission of visible light and plays an important role in food protection. The packaging films' weight loss due to decomposition was examined after being buried in soil for 50 days, which relieved the eco-concerns of these packaging films. To evaluate the performance of the films in inhibiting food spoilage, cherries, and cucumbers were packed with a control film and the fabricated film containing 14 wt% of GQD. After 14 days, the modified nano-biofilm was able to maintain the freshness of the samples.
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4
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Nasution H, Harahap H, Julianti E, Safitri A, Jaafar M. Properties of active packaging of PLA-PCL film integrated with chitosan as an antibacterial agent and syzygium cumini seed extract as an antioxidant agent. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23952. [PMID: 38192781 PMCID: PMC10772727 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Active packaging is becoming increasingly significant in the food industry. The present study aims to explore the use of Syzygium Cumini Seed Extract (SCSE) as an antioxidant and chitosan as an antibacterial agent to produce active packaging based on polylactic acid (PLA), poly ε-caprolactone (PCL), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) blend. Using advanced characterization techniques, active packaging (PLA/PCL/PEG) incorporating with 0.5 g chitosan-0.5 mL SCSE was evaluated for its mechanical, physical, structural, and antibacterial-antioxidant properties. The addition of chitosan-SCSE caused an 18.57 % increase in tensile strength and decreased the Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR) by up to 52 %, whereas smooth surface microscopy indicated good compatibility between polymers and active agents. Active packaging incorporating chitosan-SCSE reduced 96.66 % of Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and 73.98 % of Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli. During 15 days of storage, the active packaging was able to slow the increase in Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (TVBN) in beef and prevent the decrease in vitamin C contents in pineapple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halimatuddahliana Nasution
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Padang Bulan, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Hamidah Harahap
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Padang Bulan, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Elisa Julianti
- Department of Food and Science Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Padang Bulan, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Aida Safitri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Padang Bulan, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Mariatti Jaafar
- School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Kim DY, Patel SKS, Rasool K, Lone N, Bhatia SK, Seth CS, Ghodake GS. Bioinspired silver nanoparticle-based nanocomposites for effective control of plant pathogens: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168318. [PMID: 37956842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, pose significant challenges to the farming community due to their extensive diversity, the rapidly evolving phenomenon of multi-drug resistance (MDR), and the limited availability of effective control measures. Amid mounting global pressure, particularly from the World Health Organization, to limit the use of antibiotics in agriculture and livestock management, there is increasing consideration of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) as promising alternatives for antimicrobial applications. Studies focusing on the application of ENMs in the fight against MDR pathogens are receiving increasing attention, driven by significant losses in agriculture and critical knowledge gaps in this crucial field. In this review, we explore the potential contributions of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their nanocomposites in combating plant diseases, within the emerging interdisciplinary arena of nano-phytopathology. AgNPs and their nanocomposites are increasingly acknowledged as promising countermeasures against plant pathogens, owing to their unique physicochemical characteristics and inherent antimicrobial properties. This review explores recent advancements in engineered nanocomposites, highlights their diverse mechanisms for pathogen control, and draws attention to their potential in antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral applications. In the discussion, we briefly address three crucial dimensions of combating plant pathogens: green synthesis approaches, toxicity-environmental concerns, and factors influencing antimicrobial efficacy. Finally, we outline recent advancements, existing challenges, and prospects in scholarly research to facilitate the integration of nanotechnology across interdisciplinary fields for more effective treatment and prevention of plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Young Kim
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kashif Rasool
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nasreena Lone
- School of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, JAIN Deemed University, Whitefield, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Gajanan Sampatrao Ghodake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Oladzadabbasabadi N, Dheyab MA, Nafchi AM, Ghasemlou M, Ivanova EP, Adhikari B. Turning food waste into value-added carbon dots for sustainable food packaging application: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 321:103020. [PMID: 37871382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a recent addition to the nanocarbon family, encompassing both crystalline and amorphous phases. They have sparked significant research interest due to their unique electrical and optical properties, remarkable biocompatibility, outstanding mechanical characteristics, customizable surface chemistry, and negligible cytotoxicity. Their current applications are mainly limited to flexible photonic and biomedical devices, but they have also garnered attention for their potential use in intelligent packaging. The conversion of food waste into CDs further contributes to the concept of the circular economy. It provides a comprehensive overview of emerging green technologies, energy-saving reactions, and cost-effective starting materials involved in the synthesis of CDs. It also highlights the unique properties of biomass-derived CDs, focusing on their structural performance, cellular toxicity, and functional characteristics. The application of CDs in the food industry, including food packaging, is summarized in a concise manner. This paper sheds light on the current challenges and prospects of utilizing CDs in the packaging industry. It aims to provide researchers with a roadmap to tailor the properties of CDs to suit specific applications in the food industry, particularly in food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Ali Dheyab
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Anbar, 31001 Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia; Department of Food Science and Technology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Mehran Ghasemlou
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia; Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001., Australia
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Lacivita V, Tarantino F, Molaei R, Moradi M, Conte A, Alessandro Del Nobile M. Carbon dots from sour whey to develop a novel antimicrobial packaging for fiordilatte cheese. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113159. [PMID: 37689912 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, monodispersed and quasi-spherical C-Dots with an average size of 7.2 nm were successfully synthesized from sour whey solution by a hydrothermal method (200 °C for 9 h) for fiordilatte cheese packaging. C-Dots (2500 and 5000 mgL-1) were added to the cheese through an alginate-based coating or directly to the cheese brine. No significant changes in TM4 cell viability were observed at concentrations lower than 10,000 mgL-1. Microbiological and sensory properties of cheese coated and uncoated with C-Dots indicate a substantial preserving effect of the C-Dots. The uncoated control fiordilatte exhibited unacceptable levels of microbial proliferation within 3.5 days. Conversely, the coated cheese remained within acceptable limits, effectively doubling its shelf life compared to the control, primarily due to the coating protection rather than the addition of C-Dots. When compared to the control fiordilatte, the addition of C-Dots in the brine at 5000 mgL-1 resulted in an extension of over 10 days in cheese shelf life. Considering the significance of the sustainable approach in C-Dots synthesis and the exceptional use of C-Dots in the food industry, these findings hold great potential in terms of research and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lacivita
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25 - 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca Tarantino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25 - 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Mehran Moradi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, 1177 Urmia, Iran
| | - Amalia Conte
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25 - 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Matteo Alessandro Del Nobile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25 - 71122 Foggia, Italy
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Yong Y, Wang S, Li L, Li R, Ahmad HN, Munawar N, Zhu J. A curcumin-crosslinked bilayer film of soy protein isolate and chitosan with enhanced antibacterial property for beef preservation and freshness monitoring. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125778. [PMID: 37437680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, antibacterial and antioxidant bilayer films were prepared by using curcumin (Cur) crosslinked soy rotein isolate (SPI) and chitosan (CS). Molecular docking simulations and multispectral analysis revealed that hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions were the primary driving forces that promoted the self-assembly of the bilayer films. The tensile strength, the UV-blocking properties and the hydrophobicity was greatly improved of the bilayer antimicrobial films. Moreover, water vapor permeability, thermal shrinkage and opacity were all reduced significantly. In addition, the composite films with curcumin demonstrated effective antioxidant activity and a slow release characteristic. Morphology observation of the bacteria by AFM revealed that the antibacterial bilayer film had a significant damaging effect on the cell structures of S. aureus and E. coli due to the dual antibacterial effect of curcumin and chitosan. SPI + Cur-CS antimicrobial bilayer film effectively inhibited the growth of bacteria and extended the shelf life of beef. According to the findings, SPI + Cur-CS antimicrobial bilayer film can be used as an active package material for beef preservation and freshness monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyuan Yong
- Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, China
| | - Shancan Wang
- Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Laihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hafiz Nabeel Ahmad
- Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Noshaba Munawar
- Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, China.
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Iñiguez-Moreno M, González-González RB, Flores-Contreras EA, Araújo RG, Chen WN, Alfaro-Ponce M, Iqbal HMN, Melchor-Martínez EM, Parra-Saldívar R. Nano and Technological Frontiers as a Sustainable Platform for Postharvest Preservation of Berry Fruits. Foods 2023; 12:3159. [PMID: 37685092 PMCID: PMC10486450 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Berries are highly perishable and susceptible to spoilage, resulting in significant food and economic losses. The use of chemicals in traditional postharvest protection techniques can harm both human health and the environment. Consequently, there is an increasing interest in creating environmentally friendly solutions for postharvest protection. This article discusses various approaches, including the use of "green" chemical compounds such as ozone and peracetic acid, biocontrol agents, physical treatments, and modern technologies such as the use of nanostructures and molecular tools. The potential of these alternatives is evaluated in terms of their effect on microbial growth, nutritional value, and physicochemical and sensorial properties of the berries. Moreover, the development of nanotechnology, molecular biology, and artificial intelligence offers a wide range of opportunities to develop formulations using nanostructures, improving the functionality of the coatings by enhancing their physicochemical and antimicrobial properties and providing protection to bioactive compounds. Some challenges remain for their implementation into the food industry such as scale-up and regulatory policies. However, the use of sustainable postharvest protection methods can help to reduce the negative impacts of chemical treatments and improve the availability of safe and quality berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricarmen Iñiguez-Moreno
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (M.I.-M.); (R.B.G.-G.); (E.A.F.-C.); (R.G.A.); (H.M.N.I.); (R.P.-S.)
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Reyna Berenice González-González
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (M.I.-M.); (R.B.G.-G.); (E.A.F.-C.); (R.G.A.); (H.M.N.I.); (R.P.-S.)
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Elda A. Flores-Contreras
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (M.I.-M.); (R.B.G.-G.); (E.A.F.-C.); (R.G.A.); (H.M.N.I.); (R.P.-S.)
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Rafael G. Araújo
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (M.I.-M.); (R.B.G.-G.); (E.A.F.-C.); (R.G.A.); (H.M.N.I.); (R.P.-S.)
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Wei Ning Chen
- Food Science and Technology Programme, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore;
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Mariel Alfaro-Ponce
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14380, Mexico;
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (M.I.-M.); (R.B.G.-G.); (E.A.F.-C.); (R.G.A.); (H.M.N.I.); (R.P.-S.)
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Elda M. Melchor-Martínez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (M.I.-M.); (R.B.G.-G.); (E.A.F.-C.); (R.G.A.); (H.M.N.I.); (R.P.-S.)
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (M.I.-M.); (R.B.G.-G.); (E.A.F.-C.); (R.G.A.); (H.M.N.I.); (R.P.-S.)
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
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10
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Sul Y, Ezati P, Rhim JW. Preparation of chitosan/gelatin-based functional films integrated with carbon dots from banana peel for active packaging application. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125600. [PMID: 37390998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) were manufactured with banana peels using a hydrothermal method (200 °C for 6 h). The synthesized CDs were spherical particles with a size of 1-3 nm having carboxyl groups and amine groups on the surface. CDs have been impregnated into chitosan/gelatin films to synthesize multifunctional packaging films. The composite film showed a slight decrease in transparency but a significant increase in UV protection properties. The fabricated film displayed strong antioxidant efficacy showing >74 % DPPH and 99 % ABTS radical scavenging potential. The film also unveiled substantial antibacterial activity against the foodborne pathogenic bacteria, Listeria monocytogenes, fully eliminating the growth of these bacteria within 6 h of exposure. The chitosan/gelatin film containing CD was used for minced meat packaging, and the film delayed bacterial growth (< 1 Log CFU/g after 24 h) and maintained the meat color even after 24 h of storage at 20 °C. The CD-added chitosan/gelatin functional film has a high probability of application in active food packaging, especially for extending the shelf life of packaged meat and maintaining its aesthetic quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjung Sul
- BioNanocomposite Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Parya Ezati
- BioNanocomposite Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, 1177 Urmia, Iran
| | - Jong-Whan Rhim
- BioNanocomposite Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Manikandan V, Min SC. Biofabrication of carbon quantum dots and their food packaging applications: a review. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1159-1171. [PMID: 37362813 PMCID: PMC10290018 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are an emerging class of novel carbon nanomaterials (< 10 nm). These zero-dimensional CQDs have recently invoked significant interest due to their high fluorescence ability, strong electronic conductivity, biocompatibility, excellent chemical stability, non-toxicity, and environmental safety. Bio-fabrication of CQDs from organic resources remains attractive owing to their excellent functional properties. An emerging class of CQDs is fabricated by various conventional methods. However, these methods need many chemical agents and instrument facilities. Bio-fabrication of CQDs has a lot of benefits because of its simple fabrication and eco-friendly. Therefore, the green synthesized CQDs are considered optimistic candidates for developing novel functional materials for food packaging applications. Thus, it is important to investigate the latest update on green-based CQDs for food packaging applications. This current review paper discusses the physicochemical properties of CQDs, the bio-fabrication of CQDs, and the fluorescent properties of CQDs along with their food packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velu Manikandan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women’s University, 621 Hwarangro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01797 Republic of Korea
| | - Sea Cheol Min
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women’s University, 621 Hwarangro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01797 Republic of Korea
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Bao J, Hu Y, Farag MA, Huan W, Wu J, Yang D, Song L. Carbon dots, cellulose nanofiber, and essential oil from Torreya grandis aril added to fish scale gelatin film for tomato preservation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125482. [PMID: 37348576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, carbon dots (CDs), cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and essential oil nanoemulsion (EON) were extracted from the aril waste of Torreya grandis following nuts production. These three nanomaterials were formulated for the preparation of a composite film to be employed for postharvest tomato storage. Visual, microscopical and physicochemical properties of the prepared nanocomposite films were analyzed at different levels of CDs and CNF for optimization purposes. The UV absorption and antioxidant capacity of gelatin film with 10 % CDs (G/10CD) were enhanced compared with gelatin (G) film, concurrent with a reduction in water barrier capacity, water contact angle (WCA) and tensile strength (TS). Compared with G/10CD film, the WCA of gelatin film after incorporation of 10 % CDs and 3 % CNF (G/10CD/3CNF) was significantly increased by 14.5°at 55 s. In contrast, TS increased by 1.26 MPa, as well as the significant enhancement in water barrier capacity. The above composite film mixed with NEO (G/10CD/3CNF/EON) exerted further antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli. G/10CD/3CNF/EON coating effectively extended tomato shift life compared with the control group. Therefore, this new eco-friendly film presents several advantages of biodegradability, sustainability as well as multifunctional properties posing it as potential packaging material for food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini st., 16, Cairo P.B. 11562, Egypt
| | - Weiwei Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dapeng Yang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for Preparation and Function Development of Active Substances from Marine Algae, College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China.
| | - Lili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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Khan A, Ezati P, Rhim JW. Chitosan/Starch-Based Active Packaging Film with N, P-Doped Carbon Dots for Meat Packaging. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1294-1305. [PMID: 36877603 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen, phosphorus-doped green-tea-derived carbon dots (NP-CDs) incorporated chitosan/starch (Chi/St) based multifunctional nanocomposite films were prepared. FE-SEM images verified a homogeneous distribution of CDs with minimum aggregation in the fabricated films. Incorporating NP-CDs led to enhanced UV-light blocking (93.1% of UV-A and ∼99.7% of UV-B) without significantly affecting the films' water transparency and water vapor permeability. Besides, incorporating NP-CDs into the Chi/St films enhanced antioxidant activity (98.0% for ABTS and 71.4% for DPPH) and displayed strong antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes, E. coli, and S. aureus. Wrapping the meat in the prepared film and storing it at 20 °C has been shown to reduce bacterial growth (less than 2.5 Log CFU/g after 48 h) without significantly altering the actual color of the wrapped meat. The Chi/St film loaded with NP-CD has high potential as an active packaging material to ensure safety and extend the shelf life of meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajahar Khan
- BioNanocomposite Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Parya Ezati
- BioNanocomposite Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Whan Rhim
- BioNanocomposite Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Gelatin/poly(vinyl alcohol)-based functional films integrated with spent coffee ground-derived carbon dots and grapefruit seed extract for active packaging application. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123493. [PMID: 36731691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are attractive, functional additives with great potential to be applied in biomaterial and food packaging. However, these particles are not soluble in water, thus limiting their widespread application. Here, we report a facile fabrication of carbon dots (CDs) using the spent coffee ground as the carbon source through a hydrothermal method. The CD was added to the gelatin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (Gel/PVA) film and grapefruit seed extract (GSE) to prepare multifunctional packaging films. The functional films' physiochemical and functional properties and packaging application were investigated. The composite film showed good UV protection properties with a slight decrease in transparency. The composite film containing CD/GSE showed strong antioxidant activity, scavenging >38 % DPPH and 100 % ABTS radicals. The film also exhibited significant antibacterial activity against the foodborne pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli, completely eradicating the growth of these bacteria within 9 h of exposure. The CD/GSE-incorporated Gel/PVA films were used for pork packaging. The films were able to enhance the pork shelf life by reducing the L. monocytogenes bacterial growth in meat by 2 Log CFU/mL lower than the control wrapping film. The multifunctional Gel/PVA films are expected to be used for the active packaging of meat products.
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Chitosan-based multifunctional coating combined with sulfur quantum dots to prevent Listeria contamination of enoki mushrooms. Food Packag Shelf Life 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2022.101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kim YH, Kim HJ, Yoon KS, Rhim JW. Cellulose nanofiber/deacetylated quaternary chitosan composite packaging film for growth inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes in raw salmon. Food Packag Shelf Life 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2023.101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Tammina SK, Khan A, Rhim JW. Advances and prospects of carbon dots for microplastic analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137433. [PMID: 36460157 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics have become the world's most emerging pollutants today due to the ubiquitous use of plastics in everyday life and their ability to migrate from micro to nanoscale to every corner of the natural world, leading to ecological imbalances and global catastrophes. However, a standardized method for separating and analyzing microplastics from actual food or environmental samples has not been established. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a simple, fast, cost-effective, and accurate method that can accurately measure the degree of contamination of microplastics. As one of these methods, fluorometry has been proposed as a cost-effective method to detect, quantify and differentiate individual plastic particles. Therefore, this review discussed the technique for analyzing microplastics using fluorescent carbon dots (CDs). This review provided an overview of the impact of microplastics and the feasibility of using CDs to detect and analyze microplastics. In particular, this review will discuss novel microplastic analysis methods using CD and future application studies. The method using CDs will overcome the limitations of current microplastic analysis technology and may become a new method for detecting and analyzing microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kumar Tammina
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajahar Khan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Whan Rhim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Ezati P, Khan A, Rhim JW, Kim JT, Molaei R. pH-Responsive strips integrated with resazurin and carbon dots for monitoring shrimp freshness. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 221:113013. [PMID: 36401960 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal approach using tangerine peel (Tan) and resazurin (Res) to fabricate biocompatible indicators for food freshness. The CDs' pH-responsive mechanism, morphology, zeta potential, XPS, and optical and fluorescence analysis were investigated. The as-prepared tangerine peel/resazurin carbon dots (Tan/Res CDs) exhibited pH-responsive emission that changed from yellow to orange as the pH value increased. The Tan/Res CDs showed the sensing ability of ammonia with a detection limit of 0.84 μM by proportionally losing fluorescence intensity as the concentration increased from 1 to 100 μM. The CDs were coated onto paper strips to impart biogenic amine (BAs) detection for pH-responsive intelligent monitoring of packaged foods. The Tan/Res CDs paper-based indicator exhibited an impressive color change from yellow to brown during the detection of ammonia vapor. The indicator also showed the ability to detect BAs through a color change, demonstrating the ability to monitor the freshness of shrimp in situ. Additionally, the efficacy of the Tan/Res CDs indicator is validated by total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), providing customers and suppliers with a simple, inexpensive, and portable tool to monitor the freshness of seafood in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parya Ezati
- BioNanocomposite Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajahar Khan
- BioNanocomposite Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Whan Rhim
- BioNanocomposite Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Tae Kim
- BioNanocomposite Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Rahim Molaei
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Jackfruit seed starch/tamarind kernel xyloglucan/zinc oxide nanoparticles-based composite films: Preparation, characterization, and application on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ezati P, Rhim JW. Pectin/carbon quantum dots fluorescent film with ultraviolet blocking property through light conversion. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 219:112804. [PMID: 36084511 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized using glucose as a carbon source through a hydrothermal method. CQDs showed negligible cytotoxicity to L929 cells even after prolonged exposure of 72 h. The addition of CQD did not affect the pectin film's mechanical properties, water contact angle, and thermal stability. However, the CQD-added composite film generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), providing high antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria (L. monocytogenes and E. coli) and antifungal activity against mold (Aspergillus flavus), where a 100% eradication of bacteria and fungi population was observed. Also, the addition of CQD strengthens the antioxidant activity of the composite films by 95%. Further, the CQD-added pectin film converted ultraviolet rays into blue light, which improved the film's UV protection properties. Therefore, the pectin/CQD film has a high potential for a light conversion active packaging film that may prevent the deterioration of high-fat foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parya Ezati
- BioNanocomposite Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Whan Rhim
- BioNanocomposite Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Srisa A, Promhuad K, San H, Laorenza Y, Wongphan P, Wadaugsorn K, Sodsai J, Kaewpetch T, Tansin K, Harnkarnsujarit N. Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antiviral Polymeric Food Packaging in Post-COVID-19 Era. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194042. [PMID: 36235988 PMCID: PMC9573034 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumers are now more concerned about food safety and hygiene following the COVID-19 pandemic. Antimicrobial packaging has attracted increased interest by reducing contamination of food surfaces to deliver quality and safe food while maintaining shelf life. Active packaging materials to reduce contamination or inhibit viral activity in packaged foods and on packaging surfaces are mostly prepared using solvent casting, but very few materials demonstrate antiviral activity on foods of animal origin, which are important in the human diet. Incorporation of silver nanoparticles, essential oils and natural plant extracts as antimicrobial agents in/on polymeric matrices provides improved antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral properties. This paper reviews recent developments in antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral packaging incorporating natural or synthetic compounds using preparation methods including extrusion, solvent casting and surface modification treatment for surface coating and their applications in several foods (i.e., bakery products, fruits and vegetables, meat and meat products, fish and seafood and milk and dairy foods). Findings showed that antimicrobial material as films, coated films, coating and pouches exhibited efficient antimicrobial activity in vitro but lower activity in real food systems. Antimicrobial activity depends on (i) polar or non-polar food components, (ii) interactions between antimicrobial compounds and the polymer materials and (iii) interactions between environmental conditions and active films (i.e., relative humidity, oxygen and water vapor permeability and temperature) that impact the migration or diffusion of active compounds in foods. Knowledge gained from the plethora of existing studies on antimicrobial polymers can be effectively utilized to develop multifunctional antimicrobial materials that can protect food products and packaging surfaces from SARS-CoV-2 contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atcharawan Srisa
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Latyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Khwanchat Promhuad
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Latyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Horman San
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Latyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Yeyen Laorenza
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Latyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Phanwipa Wongphan
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Latyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kiattichai Wadaugsorn
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Latyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Janenutch Sodsai
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Latyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Thitiporn Kaewpetch
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Latyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kittichai Tansin
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Latyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Nathdanai Harnkarnsujarit
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Latyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Latyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-562-5045
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