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Robles M, Nakhaeizadeh S, Rando C, Morgan RM. Human identification: an investigation of 3D models of paranasal sinuses to establish a biological profile on a modern UK population. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:1411-1424. [PMID: 38351205 PMCID: PMC11164725 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Medical imaging is a valuable source for facilitating empirical research and provides an accessible gateway for developing novel forensic anthropological methods for analysis including 3D modelling. This is especially critical for the United Kingdom (UK), where methods developed from modern UK populations do not currently exist. This study introduces a new approach to assist in human identification using 3D models of the paranasal sinuses. The models were produced from a database of 500 modern CT scans provided by University College London Hospital. Linear measurements and elliptic Fourier coefficients taken from 1500 three-dimensional models across six ethnic groups assessed by one-way ANOVA and discriminant function analysis showed a range of classification rates with certain rates reaching 75-85.7% (p < 0.05) in correctly classifying age and sex according to size and shape. The findings offer insights into the potential for employing paranasal sinuses as an attribute for establishing the identification of unknown human remains in future crime reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Robles
- UCL Department of Security and Crime Science, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, UK.
- UCL Centre for the Forensic Sciences, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, UK.
- School of Applied Sciences, College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Sherry Nakhaeizadeh
- UCL Department of Security and Crime Science, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, UK
- UCL Centre for the Forensic Sciences, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, UK
| | - Carolyn Rando
- UCL Institute of Archaeology, 31-34 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0PY, UK
| | - Ruth M Morgan
- UCL Department of Security and Crime Science, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, UK
- UCL Centre for the Forensic Sciences, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, UK
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Robles M, Carew RM, Rando C, Nakhaeizadeh S, Morgan RM. Sex estimation from virtual models: exploring the potential of stereolithic 3D crania models for morphoscopic trait scoring. Forensic Sci Res 2023; 8:123-132. [PMID: 37621450 PMCID: PMC10445579 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern computed tomography (CT) databases are becoming an accepted resource for the practice and development of identification methods in forensic anthropology. However, the utility of 3D models created using free and open-source visualization software such as 3D Slicer has not yet been thoroughly assessed for morphoscopic biological profiling methods where virtual methods of analysis are becoming more common. This paper presents a study that builds on the initial findings from Robles et al. (2020) to determine the feasibility of estimating sex on stereolithic (STL) 3D cranial models produced from CT scans from a modern, living UK population (n = 80) using equation 2 from the Walker's (2008) morphoscopic method. Kendall's coefficients of concordance (KCC) indicated substantial agreement using cranial features scores in an inter-observer test and a video-inter-observer test. Fleiss' Kappa scores showed moderate agreement (0.50) overall between inter-observer sex estimations, and for observer sex estimations in comparison to recorded sexes (0.56). It was found that novice users could virtually employ morphoscopic sex estimation methods effectively on STL 3D cranial models from modern individuals. This study also highlights the potential that digital databases of modern living populations can offer forensic anthropology. Key points First example of Walker's (2008) method applied to a living UK population.Open-source software is a valuable resource for crime reconstruction approaches.Male scoring bias was observed in method application.Forensic anthropologists would benefit from virtual anthropology training to use and interpret 3D models.Digital databases offer more ethical, diverse, modern populations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Robles
- UCL Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, UK
- UCL Centre for the Forensic Sciences, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, UK
- School of Applied Sciences, College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, UK
| | - Rachael M Carew
- UCL Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, UK
- UCL Centre for the Forensic Sciences, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, UK
| | - Carolyn Rando
- UCL Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London, UK
| | - Sherry Nakhaeizadeh
- UCL Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, UK
- UCL Centre for the Forensic Sciences, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, UK
| | - Ruth M Morgan
- UCL Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, UK
- UCL Centre for the Forensic Sciences, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, UK
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Corron LK, Broehl KA, Chu EY, Vlemincq-Mendieta T, Wolfe CA, Pilloud MA, Scott GR, Spradley MK, Stull KE. Agreement and error rates associated with standardized data collection protocols for skeletal and dental data on 3D virtual subadult crania. Forensic Sci Int 2022; 334:111272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Carew RM, Iacoviello F, Rando C, Moss RM, Speller R, French J, Morgan RM. A multi-method assessment of 3D printed micromorphological osteological features. Int J Legal Med 2022; 136:1391-1406. [PMID: 35141777 PMCID: PMC9375746 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02789-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of 3D printed osteological materials has highlighted the difficulties associated with accurately representing fine surface details on printed bones. Moreover, there is an increasing need for reconstructions to be demonstrably accurate and reliable for use in the criminal justice system. The aim of this study was to assess the surface quality of 3D prints (n = 9) that presented with micromorphological alterations from trauma, taphonomy and pathology processes. The archaeological bones were imaged using micro-CT scanning and 3D printed with selective laser sintering (SLS) printing. A multi-method experimental approach subsequently identified: (1) the 3D printed bones to be metrically accurate to within 1.0 mm; (2) good representation of micromorphological surface features overall, albeit with some loss of intricate details, depths, and fine textures that can be important for visual processing; (3) five of the nine 3D printed bones were quantitatively scored as accurate using the visual comparison method; and, (4) low mesh comparison distances (± 0.2 mm) between the original models and the digitised 3D print models. The findings offer empirical data that can be used to underpin 3D printed reconstructions of exhibits for use in courts of law. In addition, an adaptable pathway was presented that can be used to assess 3D print accuracy in future reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Carew
- UCL Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, UK. .,UCL Centre for the Forensic Sciences, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, UK.
| | - Francesco Iacoviello
- The Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carolyn Rando
- UCL Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0PY, UK
| | - Robert M Moss
- UCL Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Robert Speller
- UCL Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - James French
- UCL Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, UK.,UCL Centre for the Forensic Sciences, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, UK
| | - Ruth M Morgan
- UCL Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, UK.,UCL Centre for the Forensic Sciences, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, UK
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Carew RM, French J, Morgan RM. Suitability of 3D printing cranial trauma: Prospective novel applications and limitations of 3D replicas. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL: REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2021.100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Abraham S, Jani G, Vinay V, Belcher W, Johnson A. A preliminary study to quantify the efficacy of 3D data acquisition for human bone replication. J Forensic Leg Med 2021; 83:102244. [PMID: 34438227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2021.102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional imaging is a rapidly growing technology that has revealed exciting insights in disparate fields of research, especially in medicine, forensics, and archaeology. Recent advancements in this technology have also made a remarkable impact in the field of anthropology and odontology. A major benefit of this technology is that they offer effective methods of creating digital records that can aid in physical documentation and can be digitally stored for later assessment and research. AIM The aim of the current study is to evaluate the metric accuracy of 3D models generated using three different 3D acquisition techniques for performing metric analytical procedures. MATERIALS AND METHOD Twenty standard craniometric linear measurements (using both sliding and spreading callipers) were taken on two craniums and eight standard measurements were taken on 2 mandibles (using sliding callipers and a mandibulometer); these measurements were then replicated on 3D digital models. RESULTS Statistical analysis of these dataset using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Bonferroni test suggested that the physical and virtual measurements were accurate, comparable, and concordant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings open up numerous avenues for future study, especially in the fields of forensics and clinical studies. However, in order to overcome the limitations faced in using the digital method certain standardised protocols and guidelines must be established to record these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Abraham
- Laboratory of Forensic Odontology, School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Gujarat, India.
| | - Gargi Jani
- Laboratory of Forensic Odontology, School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Gujarat, India.
| | - Vineet Vinay
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sinhgad Dental College & Hospital, Pune, India.
| | - William Belcher
- Department of Anthropology, School of Global Integrative Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA.
| | - Abraham Johnson
- Laboratory of Forensic Odontology, School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Gujarat, India.
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