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Dong S, Wu S, Li L, Hao F, Wu J, Liao Z, Wang J, Zhong R, Wei H, Fang X. Alleviation of lipid metabolic dysfunction through regulation of intestinal bacteriophages and bacteria by green tea polyphenols in Ob/Ob mice. Food Chem 2024; 456:139988. [PMID: 38852447 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Green tea polyphenols (GTP) have been shown to ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders by regulating intestinal bacteria. Given the significant role of intestinal bacteriophages in shaping the gut microbiota, this study investigates GTP's influence on gut bacteriophage-bacteria interactions and lipid metabolism using metagenomics and metabonomics. The research results indicated that GTP significantly reduced body weight, serum triglycerides, leptin, insulin resistance, interleukin-6, and TNF-α levels while increasing adiponectin in ob/ob mice fed high-fat diet, aiding intestinal repair. GTP improved gut health by decreasing Enterobacter, Siphoviridae and Enterobacteria_phage_sfv, increasing Bifidobacterium and intestinal metabolites SCFA and hippuric acid. Correlation analysis showed negative correlations between Enterobacter sp. 50,588,862 and Enterobacteria_phages, Shigella_phages with 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and hippuric acid. Bifidobacterium choerinum and Bifidobacterium sp. AGR2158 were positively correlated with fatty acids and bile acids. In conclusion, GTP reduced fat accumulation and inflammation, enhanced gut barrier function in obese mice, closely associated with changes in the gut bacteriophage community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashuang Dong
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512000, PR China
| | - Sitong Wu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Lanyin Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Fanyu Hao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Zhenlin Liao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Ruimin Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512000, PR China
| | - Hong Wei
- Yu- Yue Pathology Scientific Research Center, Chongqing 401329, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang Fang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China.
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Song Z, Ho CT, Zhang X. Gut Microbiota Mediate the Neuroprotective Effect of Oolong Tea Polyphenols in Cognitive Impairment Induced by Circadian Rhythm Disorder. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12184-12197. [PMID: 38745351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Oolong tea polyphenols (OTP) have attracted wide attention due to their ability to reduce inflammatory response, regulate gut microbiota, and improve cognitive function. However, exactly how the gut microbiota modulates nervous system activity is still an open question. We previously expounded that supplementing with OTP alleviated neuroinflammation in circadian rhythm disorder (CRD) mice. Here, we showed that OTP can relieve microglia activation by reducing harmful microbial metabolites lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that alleviate CRD-induced cognitive decline. Mechanistically, OTP suppressed the inflammation response by regulating the gut microbiota composition, including upregulating the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae and Clostridia_UCG-014 and downregulating Desulfovibrio, promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Moreover, the use of OTP alleviated intestinal barrier damage and decreased the LPS transport to the serum. These results further inhibited the activation of microglia, thus alleviating cognitive impairment by inhibiting neuroinflammation, neuron damage, and neurotoxicity metabolite glutamate elevation. Meanwhile, OTP upregulated the expression of synaptic plasticity-related protein postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) and synaptophysin (SYN) by elevating the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level. Taken together, our findings suggest that the OTP has the potential to prevent CRD-induced cognition decline by modulating gut microbiota and microbial metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyi Song
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
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Fang W, Jin M, Qi W, Kong C, Song G, Peng W, Wang Y. Caffeic acid combined with arabinoxylan or β-glucan attenuates diet-induced obesity in mice via modulation of gut microbiota and metabolites. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131683. [PMID: 38649076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Polyphenols and dietary fibers in whole grains are important bioactive compounds to reduce risks for obesity. However, whether the combination of the two components exhibits a stronger anti-obesity effect remains unclear. Caffeic acid is a major phenolic acid in cereals, and arabinoxylan and β-glucan are biological macromolecules with numerous health benefits. Here, we investigated the effect of caffeic acid combined with arabinoxylan or β-glucan on glucose and lipid metabolism, gut microbiota, and metabolites in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Caffeic acid combined with arabinoxylan or β-glucan significantly reduced the body weight, blood glucose, and serum free fatty acid concentrations. Caffeic acid combined with β-glucan effectively decreased serum total cholesterol levels and hepatic lipid accumulation, modulated oxidative and inflammatory stress, and improved gut barrier function. Compared with arabinoxylan, β-glucan, and caffeic acid alone, caffeic acid combined with arabinoxylan or β-glucan exhibited a better capacity to modulate gut microbiota, including increased microbial diversity, reduced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and increased abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium. Furthermore, caffeic acid combined with β-glucan reversed HFD-induced changes in microbiota-derived metabolites involving tryptophan, purine, and bile acid metabolism. Thus, caffeic acid and β-glucan had a synergistic anti-obesity effect by regulating specific gut microbiota and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Mingyu Jin
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Wentao Qi
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Chunli Kong
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ge Song
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wenting Peng
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China.
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Jiang X, Li X, Li S, Wang M, Zhao Y, He S, Liu J, Fan W. Potential mechanism of probiotic fermentation of Auricularia cornea var. Li./blueberry to reduce obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101160. [PMID: 38379806 PMCID: PMC10876580 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this research was to investigate the effects of fermented Auricularia cornea var. Li./blueberry (FACB) on the gut microbiota of these super-large mouse models. The study, found that the groups who were given different amounts of FACB saw a significant reduction in their triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. There was a noteworthy increase in the ranks of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, it was noted that FACB influenced the gut microbiota of the obese rats, improving in both the variety and quantity of short-chain fatty acids present in their intestines. This research provided the inaugural evidence of FACB's potential as an effective anti-obesity agent in a high-fat diet model, implying it could serve as a preventive measure against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Xue Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yunzhu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - SiHan He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Junmei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wenguang Fan
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Gansu 730050, China
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Cong S, Ji J, Zhang X, Sun J, Zhao H, Liu X, Hu N. Effect of Ethanol Extract of Tea on the Microstructural Features and Retrogradation Characteristics of Glutinous Rice Starch. Foods 2024; 13:1029. [PMID: 38611335 PMCID: PMC11011411 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The glutinous rice starch (GRS) regeneration process could lead to decreased product quality and shorter shelf life. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of an ethanol extract of tea (EET) on the regeneration properties of GRS. The microstructure of starch was determined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to determine the microstructure of starch-polyphenol molecular groups, an X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument was used to determine the starch crystal structure, a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to determine the thermodynamic properties of starch, and the inhibitory effect of EET on GRS regeneration was comprehensively evaluated. The effect of EET on the in vitro digestion properties of GRS was also determined. The results showed that the addition of EET in GRS resulted in an increase in solubility and swelling power and a decrease in crystallinity and ΔHr. Compared to the control group, when retrograded for 10 days, the ΔHr of GRS with 1%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% addition of EET decreased by 34.61%, 44.53%, 52.93%, and 66.79%, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of EET resulted in a decrease in the content of RDS and an increase in the content of SDS and RS in GRS. It was shown that the addition of EET could significantly inhibit the retrogradation of GRS, improve the processability, and prolong the shelf life of GRS products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzi Cong
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China (X.L.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Corn Deep Processing Theory and Technology, Qiqihar 161006, China
- Engineering Research Center of Plant Food Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Jie Ji
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China (X.L.)
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China (X.L.)
| | - Jingyi Sun
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China (X.L.)
| | - Hongji Zhao
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China (X.L.)
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China (X.L.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Corn Deep Processing Theory and Technology, Qiqihar 161006, China
- Engineering Research Center of Plant Food Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Nan Hu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China (X.L.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Corn Deep Processing Theory and Technology, Qiqihar 161006, China
- Engineering Research Center of Plant Food Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Qiqihar 161006, China
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Luo H, Ou J, Huang J. Reactive Carbonyl Species Scavenger: Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate. Foods 2024; 13:992. [PMID: 38611299 PMCID: PMC11012208 DOI: 10.3390/foods13070992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a prominent polyphenol found abundantly in tea, has garnered significant attention for its potential in preventing and ameliorating a wide range of diseases. Its remarkable antioxidant properties and ability to capture reactive carbonyl species make it a key player among tea's polyphenolic components. This paper delves into the synthesis and origins of both EGCG and reactive carbonyl species (RCS), emphasizing the toxicity of RCS in various food sources and their formation during food processing. Understanding EGCG's capability to capture and metabolize RCS is crucial for harnessing its health benefits. Thus, this paper explores the underlying mechanisms of EGCG for RCS inhibition and its role in capturing these compounds to generate EGCG-RCS adducts. And the absorption and metabolism of EGCG-RCS adducts is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Luo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (H.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Juanying Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (H.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Junqing Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Yi W, Liu Y, Fu S, Zhuo J, Wang J, Shan T. Dietary novel alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis improves broiler meat nutritional value and modulates intestinal microbiota and metabolites. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:1. [PMID: 38184648 PMCID: PMC10770948 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00287-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different types of exogenous protease supplements have a positive impact on animal performance, but their effects on the nutritional value of meat and the gut microbial community of broilers have not been extensively studied. The objective of this investigation was to determine the impact of supplementation with a novel alkaline protease derived from Bacillus licheniformis (at doses of 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 g/t) on the fatty acid and amino acid profiles, inosine monophosphate (IMP) levels, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content found within the breast muscle, as well as the impact on the cecal microbiota and metabolites. RESULTS Supplementation with 200-400 g/t of the novel protease resulted in a significant elevation in the concentration of essential amino acids (P < 0.001), flavor amino acids (P < 0.001), and total protein (P = 0.013) within the breast muscle. Results derived from the 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis of the cecal content revealed that the novel protease reshaped the cecal microbial and metabolite profiles. In particular, it led to increased relative abundances of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Alistipes, and Eubacterium, while simultaneously causing a reduction in the metabolites of D-lactic acid and malonic acid. Moreover, correlation analyses unveiled significant relationships between distinct microbes and metabolites with the contents of IMP, fatty acids, and amino acids in the broiler's breast muscle. CONCLUSION In summary, the novel protease regulated the intestinal microbial community and metabolism, thereby inducing changes in the compositions of fatty acids and amino acids profiles, as well as IMP levels in broiler meat. These alterations significantly contributed to the enhancement of the nutritional value and flavor of the meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuzhou Yi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Jinan Bestzyme Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Shijun Fu
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, China
| | - Jianshu Zhuo
- Jinan Bestzyme Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | | | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.
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Zhao X, Yan F, Li X, Qu D, Xu Y. A systematic review of tea pigments: Prevention of major diseases, protection of organs, and potential mechanisms and applications. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6830-6844. [PMID: 37970420 PMCID: PMC10630803 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
With the growing awareness of a healthy life, tea pigments (TPGs) are in focus for their health benefits. TPGs not only provide specific color to tea liquor but also possess health benefits such as anti-obesity, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-oxidative, and bacteriostatic properties. Also, TPGs can benefit bone, liver, kidney, cardiovascular, gut microbiome, and sleep health. Based on previous reports, this review provides a brief introduction to the health benefits of TPGs, focusing on the prevention of human diseases and the protection of organs. Also, the latest research on the functional mechanism(s), practical application, and development strategies of TPGs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- Qinba Black Tea Research Institute, Shaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongChina
| | - Fei Yan
- Qinba Black Tea Research Institute, Shaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongChina
- Shaanxi Bio‐Resources Key LaboratoryHanzhongChina
- Coordination and Innovation Center for Comprehensive Development of Qinba Biological ResourcesHanzhongChina
- College of Biological Science and EngineeringShaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongChina
| | - Xin‐Sheng Li
- Qinba Black Tea Research Institute, Shaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongChina
- Shaanxi Bio‐Resources Key LaboratoryHanzhongChina
- Coordination and Innovation Center for Comprehensive Development of Qinba Biological ResourcesHanzhongChina
- College of Biological Science and EngineeringShaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongChina
| | - Dong Qu
- Shaanxi Bio‐Resources Key LaboratoryHanzhongChina
- Coordination and Innovation Center for Comprehensive Development of Qinba Biological ResourcesHanzhongChina
- College of Biological Science and EngineeringShaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongChina
| | - Yue‐Ling Xu
- Qinba Black Tea Research Institute, Shaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongChina
- College of Biological Science and EngineeringShaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongChina
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Jing H, Nie M, Wang X, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Zhang G, Li D, Dai Z. Lutein combined with EGCG improved retinitis pigmentosa against N-methyl- N nitrosourea-induced. Food Funct 2023; 14:9554-9566. [PMID: 37822286 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02716c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the synergistic improving effect of lutein (LUT) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) treatment on retinitis pigmentosa (RP), an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mouse model was conducted in the present study. Compared to the LUT alone treatment group, in the LUT combined with EGCG (LUT-EGCG) treatment group, the accumulation content of LUT was significantly increased by 50.24% in the liver. The morphological results indicated that LUT-EGCG treatment significantly improved the retina structure with the thickness of the outer nuclear layer restored to 185.28 ± 0.29 μm, showing no significant difference compared to the control group. The LUT-EGCG treatment also increased the production of short-chain fatty acids, such as acetic and propionic acids. Compared with the LUT alone treatment, the LUT-EGCG treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Helicobacteraceae. RT-qPCR results indicated that LUT-EGCG treatment significantly increased the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 expression. In addition, the expression of IL-6 was significantly down-regulated in the LUT-EGCG group, while there was no significance in NF-κβ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18 compared with the LUT group. Correlation analysis supported the conclusion that LUT combined with EGCG may improve RP by modulating antiapoptotic gene expression and regulating the abundance of gut microbiota. However, the underlying mechanism still needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Jing
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Meimei Nie
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhang
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Yayuan Xu
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Jiangsu Aland Nutrition Co., Ltd, Taizhou 214500, China
| | - Dajing Li
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhuqing Dai
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
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10
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Pisaniello A, Handley KM, White WL, Angert ER, Boey JS, Clements KD. Host individual and gut location are more important in gut microbiota community composition than temporal variation in the marine herbivorous fish Kyphosus sydneyanus. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:275. [PMID: 37773099 PMCID: PMC10540440 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota play a key role in the nutrition of many marine herbivorous fishes through hindgut fermentation of seaweed. Gut microbiota composition in the herbivorous fish Kyphosus sydneyanus (family Kyphosidae) varies between individuals and gut sections, raising two questions: (i) is community composition stable over time, especially given seasonal shifts in storage metabolites of dietary brown algae, and (ii) what processes influence community assembly in the hindgut? RESULTS We examined variation in community composition in gut lumen and mucosa samples from three hindgut sections of K. sydneyanus collected at various time points in 2020 and 2021 from reefs near Great Barrier Island, New Zealand. 16S rRNA gene analysis was used to characterize microbial community composition, diversity and estimated density. Differences in community composition between gut sections remained relatively stable over time, with little evidence of temporal variation. Clostridia dominated the proximal hindgut sections and Bacteroidia the most distal section. Differences were detected in microbial composition between lumen and mucosa, especially at genus level. CONCLUSIONS High variation in community composition and estimated bacterial density among individual fish combined with low variation in community composition temporally suggests that initial community assembly involved environmental selection and random sampling/neutral effects. Community stability following colonisation could also be influenced by historical contingency, where early colonizing members of the community may have a selective advantage. The impact of temporal changes in the algae may be limited by the dynamics of substrate depletion along the gut following feeding, i.e. the depletion of storage metabolites in the proximal hindgut. Estimated bacterial density, showed that Bacteroidota has the highest density (copies/mL) in distal-most lumen section V, where SCFA concentrations are highest. Bacteroidota genera Alistipes and Rikenella may play important roles in the breakdown of seaweed into useful compounds for the fish host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pisaniello
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Kim M Handley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - W Lindsey White
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Esther R Angert
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, 123 Wing Drive, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jian Sheng Boey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kendall D Clements
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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11
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Deng H, Liu J, Xiao Y, Wu JL, Jiao R. Possible Mechanisms of Dark Tea in Cancer Prevention and Management: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3903. [PMID: 37764687 PMCID: PMC10534731 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea is one of the most popular drinks in the world. Dark tea is a kind of post-fermented tea with unique sensory characteristics that is produced by the special fermentation of microorganisms. It contains many bioactive substances, such as tea polyphenols, theabrownin, tea polysaccharides, etc., which have been reported to be beneficial to human health. This paper reviewed the latest research on dark tea's potential in preventing and managing cancer, and the mechanisms mainly involved anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, inducing cancer cell apoptosis, inhibiting tumor metastasis, and regulating intestinal flora. The purpose of this review is to accumulate evidence on the anti-cancer effects of dark tea, the corresponding mechanisms and limitations of dark tea for cancer prevention and management, the future prospects, and demanding questions about dark tea's possible contributions as an anti-cancer adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Deng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Road, Guangzhou 510632, China; (H.D.); (J.L.)
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Road, Guangzhou 510632, China; (H.D.); (J.L.)
| | - Ying Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China;
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China;
| | - Rui Jiao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Road, Guangzhou 510632, China; (H.D.); (J.L.)
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12
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Xu H, Zhang X, Li P, Luo Y, Fu J, Gong L, Lv Z, Guo Y. Effects of Tannic Acid Supplementation on the Intestinal Health, Immunity, and Antioxidant Function of Broilers Challenged with Necrotic Enteritis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1476. [PMID: 37508014 PMCID: PMC10376868 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens causes necrotic enteritis (NE) after proliferation in the intestine of poultry, resulting in considerable losses to the poultry industry. This study aimed to investigate the impact of tannic acid on the antioxidant, immunity, and gut health of broilers with NE. In the experiment, 630 one-day-old Cobb500 male chicks were randomly divided into six treatment groups, with seven replicate cages and with fifteen birds in each cage. The treatment groups were as follows: control group (NC), challenged group (PC), and challenged NE chickens treated with 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg tannic acid (PTA1, PTA2, PTA3, and PTA4, respectively). To induce NE, coccidia vaccine and Clostridium perfringens were administered on day 19 and days 22-28, respectively. Indexes related to antioxidant, immune, and intestinal health were measured on days 28 and 35. During the infection period, we observed significant increases in fecal water content, D-LA, TNF-α, and malondialdehyde concentrations (p < 0.05). Conversely, significant decreases were noted in chyme pH and in T-AOC, IL-4, and IL-10 concentrations (p < 0.05). The addition of tannic acid exhibited a linear decrease in fecal water content and TNF-α concentration (p < 0.05). Furthermore, tannic acid supplementation resulted in a quadratic curve decrease in D-LA concentration and linear increases in T-AOC, IL-4, and IL-10 (p < 0.05). Cecal microbiological analysis revealed that Ruminococcaceae and Butyricimona were dominant in PTA3. In conclusion, the dietary addition of tannic acid may reduce the negative effects of NE by increasing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity, improving the intestinal barrier, and regulating the intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Li
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yimeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianyang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zengpeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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13
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James A, Wang K, Wang Y. Therapeutic Activity of Green Tea Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on Metabolic Diseases and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases: The Current Updates. Nutrients 2023; 15:3022. [PMID: 37447347 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea polyphenols have numerous functions including antioxidation and modulation of various cellular proteins and are thus beneficial against metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, and their comorbidities. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant polyphenol in green tea and is attributed to antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities, and the likelihood of targeting multiple metabolic pathways. It has been shown to exhibit anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-arteriosclerotic, and weight-reducing effects in humans. Worldwide, the incidences of metabolic diseases have been escalating across all age groups in modern society. Therefore, EGCG is being increasingly investigated to address the problems. This review presents the current updates on the effects of EGCG on metabolic diseases, and highlights evidence related to its safety. Collectively, this review brings more evidence for therapeutic application and further studies on EGCG and its derivatives to alleviate metabolic diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armachius James
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), Makutupora Center, Dodoma P.O. Box 1676, Tanzania
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Rizhao Huawei Institute of Comprehensive Health Industries, Shandong Keepfit Biotech. Co., Ltd., Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Yousheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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14
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Li A, Kou R, Liu H, Chen M, Wang J, Liu Q, Xing X, Zhang B, Dong L, Wang S. Multi-omics analyses reveal relationships among polyphenol-rich oolong tea consumption, gut microbiota, and metabolic profile: A pilot study. Food Chem 2023; 426:136653. [PMID: 37348398 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Convincing evidence has suggested the health potentials of oolong tea (OT) on gut microbiota homeostasis; however, limited population-based studies exist regarding the effect of OT consumption on human gut microbial and metabolic profile. This pilot study explored gut microbial and metabolic changes in healthy adults with a 3-week oolong tea intake. Our findings showed that OT treatment significantly altered gut microbial diversity (Shannon index, 5.4±0.1 vs. 5.7±0.1 pre- and post-OT treatment), reorganized gut microbiota composition, enriched Bacteroides and Prevotella, decreased Megamonas, and improved gastrointestinal function. Also, gut microbes from overweight subjects with BMI >23.9 exhibited greater responses to OT treatment compared with normal-weight counterparts. Metabolomic analysis identified OT intake-induced 23 differential metabolites and 10 enriched metabolic pathways. This study may provide new insights into the association among OT intervention, host gut microbiome and metabolic profile, and improve the knowledge of clinical strategies and personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ruixin Kou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Haiwei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Mengshan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qisijing Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaolong Xing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lu Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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15
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Ge J, Song T, Li M, Chen W, Li J, Gong S, Zhao Y, Ma L, Yu H, Li X, Fu K. The medicinal value of tea drinking in the management of COVID-19. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12968. [PMID: 36647394 PMCID: PMC9833859 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is presently the largest international public health event, individuals infected by the virus not only have symptoms such as fever, dry cough, and lung infection at the time of onset, but also possibly have sequelae in the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, nervous system, mental health and other aspects. However, numerous studies have depicted that the active ingredients in tea show good antiviral effects and can treat various diseases by regulating multiple pathways, and the therapeutic effects are associated with the categories of chemical components in tea. In this review, the differences in the content of key active ingredients in different types of tea are summarized. In addition, we also highlighted their effects on COVID-19 and connected sequelae, further demonstrating the possibility of developing a formulation for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and its sequelae through tea extracts. We have a tendency to suggest forestalling and treating COVID-19 and its sequelae through scientific tea drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Ge
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianbao Song
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Weisan Chen
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiarong Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Sihan Gong
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjian Yu
- Wuxi Century Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Xiankuan Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China,Corresponding author10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China.
| | - Kun Fu
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300120, Tianjin, China,Corresponding author. 69 Increasen Road, Hebei District, Tianjin, China.
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16
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Hu T, Zhu Y, Zhu J, Yang M, Wang Y, Zheng Q. Wine-processed radix scutellariae alleviates ARDS by regulating tryptophan metabolism through gut microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1104280. [PMID: 36686672 PMCID: PMC9849372 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1104280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute and diffuse pulmonary inflammation, characterized by severe hypoxic respiratory failure caused by inflammatory tissue damage, which is a common cause of respiratory failure. Currently, there is no treatment available that can prevent or reverse the devastating effects caused by these conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of WRS on gut microbiota and the potential effect of gut microbiota on the treatment of lung disease by using a staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)-induced ARDS model. The results showed that WRS could significantly reduce the pathological damage to lung and colon tissues and improve the lung and intestinal functions of ARDS mice. WRS was able to improve the level of cytokines in serum and lung tissue. Additionally, WRS could reverse the gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by SEB in ARDS mice. WRS increases the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the gut. This increase in SCFAs may lead to increased migration of SCFAs to the lungs and activation of free fatty acid receptors (FFAR) three and FFAR2 in lung epithelial cells, alleviating the symptoms of ARDS. Interestingly, WRS improves the faecal metabolite profiles in SEB-induced ARDS mice via tryptophan metabolism. On the basis of the component-target-metabolism strategy, baicalin, oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide and skullcapflavon II were identified as the potential bioactive markers in WRS for the treatment of ARDS. Our study showed that WRS could ameliorate SEB-induced ARDS by regulating the structure of gut microbiota, increasing the production of SCFAs and modifying the faecal metabolite profiles through the lung-gut axis, and providing alternative treatment strategies for lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Blood Transfusion Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Yaqi Wang,
| | - Qin Zheng
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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17
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Xiang Q, Liu Y, Wu Z, Wang R, Zhang X. New hints for improving sleep: Tea polyphenols mediate gut microbiota to regulate circadian disturbances. FOOD FRONTIERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Xiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo P.R. China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo P.R. China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo P.R. China
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18
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Beneficial Effects of Theaflavins on Metabolic Syndrome: From Molecular Evidence to Gut Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147595. [PMID: 35886943 PMCID: PMC9317877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many natural foods and herbs rich in phytochemicals have been proposed as health supplements for patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Theaflavins (TFs) are a polyphenol hydroxyl substance with the structure of diphenol ketone, and they have the potential to prevent and treat a wide range of MetS. However, the stability and bioavailability of TFs are poor. TFs have the marvelous ability to alleviate MetS through antiobesity and lipid-lowering (AMPK-FoxO3A-MnSOD, PPAR, AMPK, PI3K/Akt), hypoglycemic (IRS-1/Akt/GLUT4, Ca2+/CaMKK2-AMPK, SGLT1), and uric-acid-lowering (XO, GLUT9, OAT) effects, and the modulation of the gut microbiota (increasing beneficial gut microbiota such as Akkermansia and Prevotella). This paper summarizes and updates the bioavailability of TFs, and the available signaling pathways and molecular evidence on the functionalities of TFs against metabolic abnormalities in vitro and in vivo, representing a promising opportunity to prevent MetS in the future with the utilization of TFs.
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19
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Chen S, Zhu H, Luo Y. Chitosan-based oral colon-specific delivery systems for polyphenols: recent advances and emerging trends. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:7328-7348. [PMID: 35766297 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00874b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oral colon-targeted delivery systems (OCDSs) have attracted great attention in the delivery of active compounds targeted to the colon for the treatment of colon and non-colon diseases with the advantages of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects. Chitosan, the second-most abundant biopolymer next to cellulose, has great biocompatibility, is non-toxic, is sensitive to colonic flora and shows strong adhesion to colonic mucus, making it an ideal biomaterial candidate for the construction of OCDSs. Being rich in functional groups, the chitosan structure is easily modified, both physically and chemically, for the fabrication of delivery systems with diverse geometries, including nanoparticles, microspheres/microparticles, and hydrogels, that are resistant to the harsh environment of the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This review offers a detailed overview of the preparation of chitosan-based delivery systems as the basis for building OCDSs. A variety of natural polyphenols with potent biological activities are used to treat diseases of the colon, or to be metabolized as active ingredients by colonic microorganisms to intervene in remote organ diseases after absorption into the circulation. However, the poor solubility of polyphenols limits their application, and the acidic environment of the upper GIT and various enzymes in the small intestine disrupt their structure and activity. As a result, the development of OCDSs for polyphenols has become an emerging and popular area of current research in the past decade. Thus, the second objective of this review is to systematically summarize the most recent research findings in this area and shed light on the future development of chitosan-based OCDSs for nutritional and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunni Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Nanotechnology and Biodelivery Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Yangchao Luo
- Nanotechnology and Biodelivery Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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20
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Wan M, Li Q, Lei Q, Zhou D, Wang S. Polyphenols and Polysaccharides from Morus alba L. Fruit Attenuate High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome Modifying the Gut Microbiota and Metabolite Profile. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121818. [PMID: 35742014 PMCID: PMC9223293 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Morus alba L. fruit, a medicinal and edible fruit in East Asia, showed potential health-promoting effects against metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, both the protective effects and mechanisms of different fractions extracted from Morus alba L. fruit against MetS remain unclear. Additionally, the gut microbiota and its metabolites are regarded as key factors in the development of MetS. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of polyphenols and polysaccharides derived from Morus alba L. fruit against MetS in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, individually and in combination, focusing on remodeling effects on gut microbiota and metabolite profiles. In the study, polyphenols and polysaccharides derived from Morus alba L. fruit improved the traditional pharmacodynamic parameters of MetS, including reductions in body weight (BW) and fat accumulation, improvement in insulin resistance, regulation of dyslipidemia, prevention of pathological changes in liver, kidney and proximal colon tissue, and suppressive actions against oxidative stress. In particular, the group treated with polyphenols and polysaccharides in combination showed better efficacy. The relative abundance of beneficial bacterial genera Muribaculum and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group were increased to various degrees, while opportunistic pathogens such as Prevotella_2, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium and Fusobacterium were markedly decreased after treatments. Moreover, fecal metabolite profiles revealed 23 differential metabolites related to treatments with polyphenols and polysaccharides derived from Morus alba L. fruit, individually and in combination. Altogether, these results demonstrated that polyphenols and polysaccharides derived from Morus alba L. fruit attenuated MetS in HFD-fed mice, and improved the gut microbiota composition and fecal metabolite profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Wan
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (M.W.); (Q.L.); (Q.L.); (D.Z.)
- Qibo College of Medicine, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China
| | - Qing Li
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (M.W.); (Q.L.); (Q.L.); (D.Z.)
| | - Qianya Lei
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (M.W.); (Q.L.); (Q.L.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dan Zhou
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (M.W.); (Q.L.); (Q.L.); (D.Z.)
| | - Shu Wang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (M.W.); (Q.L.); (Q.L.); (D.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-028-85-503-950
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21
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Shahwan M, Alhumaydhi F, Ashraf GM, Hasan PMZ, Shamsi A. Role of polyphenols in combating Type 2 Diabetes and insulin resistance. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:567-579. [PMID: 35247420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Compromised carbohydrate metabolism leading to hyperglycemia is the primary metabolic disorder of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Reformed digestion and altered absorption of carbohydrates, exhaustion of glycogen stock, enhanced gluconeogenesis and overproduced hepatic glucose, dysfunction of β-cell, resistance to insulin in peripheral tissue, and impaired insulin signaling pathways are essential reasons for hyperglycemia. Although oral anti-diabetic drugs like α-glucosidase inhibitors, sulfonylureas and insulin therapies are commonly used to manage Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and hyperglycemia, natural compounds in diet also play a significant role in combating the effect of diabetes. Due to their vast bioavailability and anti-hyperglycemic effect with least or no side effects, polyphenolic compounds have gained wide popularity. Polyphenols such as flavonoids and tannins play a significant role in carbohydrate metabolism by inhibiting key enzymes responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates to glucose like α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Several polyphenols such as resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and quercetin enhanced glucose uptake in the muscle and adipocytes by translocating GLUT4 to plasma membrane mainly by the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. This review provides an insight into the protective role of polyphenols in T2D, highlighting the aspects of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyad Shahwan
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fahad Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prince M Z Hasan
- Centre of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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22
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Wang X, Liu Y, Wu Z, Zhang P, Zhang X. Tea Polyphenols: A Natural Antioxidant Regulates Gut Flora to Protect the Intestinal Mucosa and Prevent Chronic Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020253. [PMID: 35204136 PMCID: PMC8868443 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tract of a healthy human body hosts many microorganisms that are closely linked to all aspects of people’s lives. The impact of intestinal flora on host health is no longer limited to the gut but can also affect every organ in the body through various pathways. Studies have found that intestinal flora can be altered by external factors, which provides new ideas for treating some diseases. Tea polyphenols (TP), a general term for polyphenols in tea, are widely used as a natural antioxidant in various bioactive foods. In recent years, with the progress of research, there have been many experiments that provide strong evidence for the ability of TP to regulate intestinal flora. However, there are very few studies on the use of TP to modify the composition of intestinal microorganisms to maintain health or treat related diseases, and this area has not received sufficient attention. In this review, we outline the mechanisms by which TP regulates intestinal flora and the essential role in maintaining suitable health. In addition, we highlighted the protective effects of TP on intestinal mucosa by regulating intestinal flora and the preventive and therapeutic effects on certain chronic diseases, which will help further explore measures to prevent related chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhou Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Student Affairs, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (X.Z.)
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