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Tammas I, Bitchava K, Gelasakis AI. Transforming Aquaculture through Vaccination: A Review on Recent Developments and Milestones. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:732. [PMID: 39066370 PMCID: PMC11281524 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture has rapidly emerged as one of the fastest growing industries, expanding both on global and on national fronts. With the ever-increasing demand for proteins with a high biological value, the aquaculture industry has established itself as one of the most efficient forms of animal production, proving to be a vital component of global food production by supplying nearly half of aquatic food products intended for human consumption. As in classic animal production, the prevention of diseases constitutes an enduring challenge associated with severe economic and environmental repercussions. Nevertheless, remarkable strides in the development of aquaculture vaccines have been recently witnessed, offering sustainable solutions to persistent health-related issues challenging resilient aquaculture production. These advancements are characterized by breakthroughs in increased species-specific precision, improved vaccine-delivery systems, and innovations in vaccine development, following the recent advent of nanotechnology, biotechnology, and artificial intelligence in the -omics era. The objective of this paper was to assess recent developments and milestones revolving around aquaculture vaccinology and provide an updated overview of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the sector, by incorporating and comparatively discussing various diffuse advances that span across a wide range of topics, including emerging vaccine technologies, innovative delivery methods, insights on novel adjuvants, and parasite vaccine development for the aquaculture sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iosif Tammas
- Laboratory of Applied Hydrobiology, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantina Bitchava
- Laboratory of Applied Hydrobiology, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios I. Gelasakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy & Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Feng Z, Cheng W, Ma M, Yu C, Zhang Y, Lu L, Wang H, Gui L, Xu D, Dong C. Generation and Characterization of ORF55/ORF57-Deleted Recombinant Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 Mutants with Chimeric Capsid Protein Gene of Grouper Nervous Necrosis Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:43. [PMID: 38250856 PMCID: PMC10820899 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) is a pathogen that causes significant losses to the global aquaculture industry due to mass mortality in crucian carp and goldfish. This study demonstrates that the ORF55/ORF57 deletion mutants CyHV-2-Δ55-CP and CyHV-2-Δ57-CP obtained through homologous recombination replicate effectively within the caudal fin of Carassius auratus gibelio (GiCF) cells and exhibit morphologies similar to the CyHV-2 wild-type strain. Both mutants demonstrated a decrease in virulence, with CyHV-2-Δ57-CP exhibiting a more significant reduction. This serves as a reference for the subsequent development of recombinant attenuated vaccines against CyHV-2. Additionally, both mutants expressed the inserted RGNNV-CP (capsid protein of Redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus) fusion protein gene, and inoculation with CyHV-2-Δ57-CP-infected GiCF cell lysates elicited an antibody response in the grouper. These results indicate that, while ORF55 and ORF57 genes of CyHV-2 are not required for viral replication in vitro, they do play a role in virulence in vivo. Additionally, expression of foreign protein in CyHV-2 suggests that the fully attenuated mutant of CyHV-2 could potentially function as a viral vector for developing subunit vaccines or multivalent recombinant attenuated vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhao Feng
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Z.F.); (W.C.); (M.M.); (C.Y.); (Y.Z.); (L.L.); (H.W.); (L.G.)
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wenjie Cheng
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Z.F.); (W.C.); (M.M.); (C.Y.); (Y.Z.); (L.L.); (H.W.); (L.G.)
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Mingyang Ma
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Z.F.); (W.C.); (M.M.); (C.Y.); (Y.Z.); (L.L.); (H.W.); (L.G.)
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Chenwei Yu
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Z.F.); (W.C.); (M.M.); (C.Y.); (Y.Z.); (L.L.); (H.W.); (L.G.)
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Z.F.); (W.C.); (M.M.); (C.Y.); (Y.Z.); (L.L.); (H.W.); (L.G.)
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Liqun Lu
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Z.F.); (W.C.); (M.M.); (C.Y.); (Y.Z.); (L.L.); (H.W.); (L.G.)
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hao Wang
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Z.F.); (W.C.); (M.M.); (C.Y.); (Y.Z.); (L.L.); (H.W.); (L.G.)
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lang Gui
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Z.F.); (W.C.); (M.M.); (C.Y.); (Y.Z.); (L.L.); (H.W.); (L.G.)
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Dan Xu
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Z.F.); (W.C.); (M.M.); (C.Y.); (Y.Z.); (L.L.); (H.W.); (L.G.)
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Chuanfu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Liu Q, Li L, Zhao J, Ren G, Lu T, Shao Y, Xu L. Andrographolide Alleviates Oxidative Damage and Inhibits Apoptosis Induced by IHNV Infection via CTSK/BCL2/Cytc Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:308. [PMID: 38203479 PMCID: PMC10778657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is an important pathogen that causes significant economic losses to salmon trout farming. Although vaccines have been invented for the treatment of IHNV, findings from our previous survey show that breeding enterprises and farmers require effective oral drugs or immune enhancers. However, studies on the development of oral drugs are limited. In the present study, we used bioinformatics methods to predict the protein targets of andrographolide (Andro) in IHNV. Cells were infected with IHNV, and the effect of andrographolide was explored by evaluating the expression levels of genes implicated in oxidative stress, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and the expression of genes implicated in apoptosis and necrosis. In the present study, cells were divided into NC, IHNV, IHNV+10 μM andrographolide, and IHNV+20 μM andrographolide groups. qRT-PCR was performed to determine the expression level of genes, and an antioxidant enzyme detection kit was used to evaluate the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Fluorescent staining was performed using a reactive oxygen species detection kit (ROS) and Hoechst 33342/PI double staining kit, and the mechanism of alleviation of apoptosis and oxidative stress andrographolide after IHNV infection was determined. The results indicated that andrographolide inhibits viral growth by binding to the NV protein of IHNV and increasing the antioxidant capacity of the body through the CTSK/BCL2/Cytc axis, thereby inhibiting the occurrence of IHNV-induced apoptosis. This is the first study to explore the antagonistic mechanism of action of andrographolide in alleviating IHNV infection. The results provide valuable information on alternative strategies for the treatment of IHNV infection during salmon family and provide a reference for the use of andrographolide as an antioxidant agent in agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China (J.Z.); (G.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Linfang Li
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China (J.Z.); (G.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Jingzhuang Zhao
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China (J.Z.); (G.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Guangming Ren
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China (J.Z.); (G.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Tongyan Lu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China (J.Z.); (G.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Yizhi Shao
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China (J.Z.); (G.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Liming Xu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China (J.Z.); (G.R.); (T.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150070, China
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Ratvaj M, Maruščáková IC, Popelka P, Fečkaninová A, Koščová J, Chomová N, Mareš J, Malý O, Žitňan R, Faldyna M, Mudroňová D. Feeding-Regime-Dependent Intestinal Response of Rainbow Trout after Administration of a Novel Probiotic Feed. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1892. [PMID: 37370408 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive fish farming is associated with a high level of stress, causing immunosuppression. Immunomodulators of natural origin, such as probiotics or phytoadditives, represent a promising alternative for increasing the immune function of fish. In this study, we tested the autochthonous trout probiotic strain L. plantarum R2 in a newly developed, low-cost application form ensuring the rapid revitalization of bacteria. We tested continuous and cyclic feeding regimes with regard to their effect on the intestinal immune response and microbiota of rainbow trout. We found that during the continuous application of probiotic feed, the immune system adapts to the immunomodulator and there is no substantial stimulation of the intestinal immune response. During the cyclic treatment, after a 3-week break in probiotic feeding and the reintroduction of probiotics, there was a significant stimulation of the gene expression of molecules associated with both cellular and humoral immunity (CD8, TGF-β, IL8, TLR9), without affecting the gene expression for IL1 and TNF-α. We can conclude that, in aquaculture, this probiotic feed can be used with a continuous application, which does not cause excessive immunostimulation, or with a cyclic application, which provides the opportunity to stimulate the immunity of trout, for example, in periods of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Ratvaj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Cingeľová Maruščáková
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Popelka
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology, and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Adriána Fečkaninová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Koščová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Natália Chomová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jan Mareš
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Mendel University, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Malý
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Mendel University, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Žitňan
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Center, 95141 Lužianky, Slovakia
| | - Martin Faldyna
- Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Mudroňová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
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Gorgoglione B, Liu JT, Li J, Vakharia VN. The efficacy of new oral vaccine feeds against Salmonid novirhabdovirus in rainbow trout. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 4:100082. [PMID: 36660300 PMCID: PMC9842750 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonid novirhabdovirus (IHNV) causes infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN) in salmonid species. Despite an injectable plasmid-based DNA vaccine of the glycoprotein (G) gene is effective, there are no oral vaccines for mass vaccination of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. Recombinant baculoviruses were generated, used in cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) insect larvae to produce IHNV G and IHNV G-C5a proteins. Western blotting and chemiluminescence assays confirmed the expression of recombinant proteins, which were added to the fish feeding and top-coated with unflavored gelatin binder. Commercial rainbow trout were fed with experimental diets containing either IHNV G or IHNV G-C5a proteins for 2 weeks, and boosted 4 weeks after. Four weeks post-booster, fish were challenged with IHNV by immersion. Survival upon the infection challenge was evaluated. Spleen were sampled at 7 and 14 days post infection (dpi). Non-vaccinated and IHNV G fed trout reached a mortality of 91.7 and 97.6%, and 70.9 and 88.4%, respectively at 8 and 15 dpi. The IHNV G-C5a fed group exhibited a reduced mortality of 51.2% at 8 dpi, reaching 81.7% at 15 dpi, suggesting some level of antiviral protection. The individual viral load was measured by RT-qPCR detection of IHNV N gene, showing no significant difference across experimental groups. The transcription modulation of selected immune response markers was evaluated across experimental groups, including Type I IFN-a, Mx-1, CD4, and IgM. Further study is needed to assess how new oral vaccines may become effective to mitigate IHNV pathogenesis in juvenile trout by modulating the host immune response to protect towards IHNV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartolomeo Gorgoglione
- Fish Pathobiology and Immunology Laboratory, Dept. Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation (CVM)/ Dept. Fisheries and Wildlife (CANR), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States,Corresponding authors.
| | - Juan-Ting Liu
- Fish Pathobiology and Immunology Laboratory, Dept. Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation (CVM)/ Dept. Fisheries and Wildlife (CANR), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Dept. of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Baltimore Country, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vikram N. Vakharia
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Dept. of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Baltimore Country, Baltimore, MD, United States,Corresponding authors.
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Li S, Li X, Yuan R, Chen X, Chen S, Qiu Y, Yang Q, Wang M, Shi J, Zhang S. Development of a recombinant adenovirus-vectored vaccine against both infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108457. [PMID: 36455780 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) are typical pathogens of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, and the concurrent infection of the two viruses is very common among modern trout hatcheries, which has caused huge economic losses to the rainbow trout farming industry. To prevent and control the spread of IHNV and IPNV in juvenile trout simultaneously, in this study a bivalent recombinant adenovirus vaccine with IHNV Glycoprotein (G) and IPNV VP2 genes was developed. After immunizing juvenile trout with this bivalent vaccine via the immersion route, the expression levels of IHNV G and IPNV VP2 and the representative immune genes in vaccinated and control rainbow trout were tested to evaluate the correlation of immune responses with the expression of viral genes. The neutralizing antibody level induced by this bivalent vaccine as well as the protection efficacy of the vaccine against IHNV and IPNV was also evaluated. The results showed that IHNV G and IPNV VP2 were successfully expressed in juvenile trout, and all the innate and adaptive immune genes were up-regulated. This indicated that the level of the innate and adaptive immune responses were significantly increased, which might be induced by the high expression of the two viral proteins. Compared with the controls, high levels of neutralizing antibodies against IHNV and IPNV were induced in the vaccinated trout. Besides, the bivalent recombinant adenovirus vaccine showed high protection rate against IHNV, with the relative percent survival (RPS) of 81.25%, as well as against IPNV, with the RPS of 78.95%. Taken together, our findings clearly demonstrated that replication-defective adenovirus can be developed as a qualified vector for fish vaccines and IHNV G and IPNV VP2 were two suitable antigenic genes that could induce effective immune protection against these two pathogens. This study provided new insights into developing bivalent vectored vaccines and controlling the spread of IHNV and IPNV simultaneously in juvenile trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China; College of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huan Road, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Xincang Li
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Rui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Shouxu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Yu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China; College of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huan Road, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Qingfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Jiangao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Shuo Zhang
- College of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huan Road, Shanghai, 200090, China.
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Expression and purification of S5 196-272 and S6 200-317 proteins from Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) and their potential use as vaccines. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 190:106013. [PMID: 34752859 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.106013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tilapia Lake Virus Disease (TiLVD) is caused by Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV), and it has a cumulative mortality rate of up to 90% in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). TiLV is a negative enveloped single-stranded RNA virus with 10 genomic segments. Segment 5 (S5) and segment 6 (S6) were predicted to include a signaling peptide, suggesting that the encoded proteins of these two segments may exist as part of the virus envelope. Based on bioinformatic predictions, the S5 and S6 proteins in this study were produced, including S527-343, S527-172, S5196-272, S630-317, S630-190, and S6200-317. All proteins were tested for their expression in Escherichia coli. Only S5196-272 and S6200-317 were expressed as soluble and insoluble proteins, respectively. The soluble protein was purified using affinity chromatography, whereas the insoluble protein was solubilized using 6 M urea lysis buffer before purification. Both proteins were further purified using gel filtration chromatography, and the results showed a symmetric peak of both proteins suggested a high degree of uniformity in the conformation of these proteins. Antigenicity results indicated that these proteins were recognized by serum from TiLV-infected fish. The immunization tests revealed that serum antibodies levels in Nile tilapia produced by S5196-272 and S6200-317 were significantly increased (p-value < 0.05) at 7 days post-immunization (dpi) compared to antibody levels on Day 0 (D0). All the results combined suggested a potential vaccine candidate of S5 and S6 for TiLV protection in Nile tilapia.
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Cheng GF, Kong WG, Zhai X, Mu QJ, Dong ZR, Zhan MT, Xu Z. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of CD79a and CD79b in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after bacterial, parasitic, and viral infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:385-395. [PMID: 34563671 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CD79a and CD79b heterodimers are important components that consist of B cell receptor compound, which play a crucial role in transduction activation signal of the antigen binding BCR, and B cell development and antibody production. In order to investigate the characters and potential functions of CD79a and CD79b in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), we firstly cloned and analyzed the expression of CD79a and CD79b and found that the cDNA sequences of CD79a and CD79b both contained open reading frame of 711 and 645 bp in length for encoding the protein of 237 and 215 amino acid residues, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequences from trout were highly conserved with those of other teleost fishes in structure. Phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze the evolutionary relationship between the trout and other known species, the result indicated that CD79a and CD79b of trout clustered at high bootstrap values with Salmo salar. Moreover, three trout infection models with F. columnare G4, I. multifiliis and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) were constructed, which resulted in morphological changes and serious lesions in skin and gills. Importantly, the high expression of CD79a and CD79b occurred in skin, gills, and followed by head kidney in response to bacterial, parasitic, and viral infection, as its expression was closely related to that of Igs. Our findings indicated that CD79a and CD79b play vital roles in both systemic and mucosal immune responses of rainbow trout during bacterial, parasitic, and viral infection, which will contribute to explore the roles of CD79 subunits in B cell signaling during ontogeny and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Feng Cheng
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Wei-Guang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Xue Zhai
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Qing-Jiang Mu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zhao-Ran Dong
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Meng-Ting Zhan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China.
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Lee SH, Beck BR, Hwang SH, Song SK. Feeding olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) with Lactococcus lactis BFE920 expressing the fusion antigen of Vibrio OmpK and FlaB provides protection against multiple Vibrio pathogens: A universal vaccine effect. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:253-262. [PMID: 33979691 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vibriosis, an illness caused by the Vibrio bacteria species, results in significant economic loss in olive flounder farms. Here we present a novel anti-Vibrio feed vaccine protecting multiple strains of Vibrio pathogens, a universal vaccine effect. The vaccine was generated by engineering Lactococcus lactis BFE920 to express the fusion antigens of Vibrio outer membrane protein K (OmpK) and flagellin B subunit (FlaB). These antigen genes are highly conserved among Vibrio species. Olive flounder (7.1 ± 0.8 g and 140 ± 10 g) were fed the vaccine adsorbed to a regular feed (1 × 107 CFU/g) for one week with a 1-week interval, repeating three times (a triple boost). The vaccinated fish increased the significant levels of antigen-specific antibodies, T cell numbers (CD4-1, CD4-2, and CD8α), cytokine production (T-bet and IFN-γ), and innate immune responses (TLR5M, IL-1β, and IL-12p40). Also, the survival rates of adult and juvenile fish fed the vaccine were significantly elevated when challenged with V. anguillarum, V. alginolyticus, and V. harveyi. In addition, weight gain rate and feed conversion ratio were improved in vaccinated fish. The feed vaccine protected multiple Vibrio pathogens, a universal vaccine effect, by activating innate and adaptive immune responses. This oral vaccine may be developed as an anti-Vibrio vaccine to protect against a broad spectrum of Vibrio pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Ho Lee
- School of Life Science, Handong University, 558 Handong-ro, Pohang-city, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea
| | - Bo Ram Beck
- School of Life Science, Handong University, 558 Handong-ro, Pohang-city, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea
| | - Seok-Hong Hwang
- School of Life Science, Handong University, 558 Handong-ro, Pohang-city, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Song
- School of Life Science, Handong University, 558 Handong-ro, Pohang-city, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea.
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Review on Immersion Vaccines for Fish: An Update 2019. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120627. [PMID: 31795391 PMCID: PMC6955699 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immersion vaccines are used for a variety of aquacultured fish to protect against infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses. During immersion vaccination the antigens are taken up by the skin, gills or gut and processed by the immune system, where the resulting response may lead to protection. The lack of classical secondary responses following repeated immersion vaccination may partly be explained by the limited uptake of antigens by immersion compared to injection. Administration of vaccines depends on the size of the fish. In most cases, immersion vaccination is inferior to injection vaccination with regard to achieved protection. However, injection is problematic in small fish, and fry as small as 0.5 gram may be immersion vaccinated when they are considered adaptively immunocompetent. Inactivated vaccines are, in many cases, weakly immunogenic, resulting in low protection after immersion vaccination. Therefore, during recent years, several studies have focused on different ways to augment the efficacy of these vaccines. Examples are booster vaccination, administration of immunostimulants/adjuvants, pretreatment with low frequency ultrasound, use of live attenuated and DNA vaccines, preincubation in hyperosmotic solutions, percutaneous application of a multiple puncture instrument and application of more suitable inactivation chemicals. Electrostatic coating with positively charged chitosan to obtain mucoadhesive vaccines and a more efficient delivery of inactivated vaccines has also been successful.
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