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Zhen LL, Feng L, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Tang L, Li SW, Zhong CB, Zhou XQ. Exploring the novel benefits of leucine: protecting nitrite-induced liver damage in sub-adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) through regulating mitochondria quality control. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024:109690. [PMID: 38866347 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Leucine is an essential amino acid for fish. The ability of leucine to resist stress in fish has not been reported. Nitrite is a common pollutant in the aquatic environment. Therefore, we investigated the effects of dietary leucine on growth performance and nitrite-induced liver damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and apoptosis for sub-adult grass carp. A total of 450 grass carp (615.91 ± 1.15 g) were selected and randomly placed into 18 net cages. The leucine contents of the six diets were 2.91, 5.90, 8.92, 11.91, 14.93, and 17.92 g/kg, respectively. After a 9-week feeding trial, the nitrite exposure experiment was set up for 96 h. These results indicated that dietary leucine significantly promoted FW, WG, PWG, and SGR of sub-adult grass carp (P < 0.05). Appropriate levels of dietary leucine (11.91 ∼ 17.92 g/kg) decreased the activities of serum parameters (glucose, cortisol, and methemoglobin contents, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase), the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-). In addition, appropriate levels of dietary leucine (11.91 ∼ 17.92 g/kg) increased the mRNA levels of mitochondrial biogenesis genes (PGC-1α, Nrf1/2, TFAM), fusion genes (Opa1, Mfn1/2) (P < 0.05), and decreased the mRNA levels of caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9, fission-related gene (Drp1), mitophagy-related genes (Pink1, Parkin) and autophagy-related genes (Beclin1, Ulk1, Atg5, Atg7, Atg12) (P < 0.05). Appropriate levels of dietary leucine (8.92 ∼ 17.92 g/kg) also increased the protein levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), prostacyclin (p62) and decreased the protein levels of protein light chain 3 (LC3), E3 ubiquitin ligase (Parkin), and Cytochrome c (Cytc). Appropriate levels of leucine (8.92 ∼ 17.92 g/kg) could promote growth performance and alleviate nitrite-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, apoptosis for sub-adult grass carp. Based on quadratic regression analysis of PWG and serum GPT activity, dietary leucine requirements of sub-adult grass carp were recommended to be 12.47 g/kg diet and 12.55 g/kg diet, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Zhen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Shu-Wei Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng-Bo Zhong
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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Meng X, Yang F, Zhu L, Zhan L, Numasawa T, Deng J. Effects of dietary astaxanthin supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant status, immune response, and intestinal health of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:387-396. [PMID: 38812497 PMCID: PMC11134557 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
A feeding trial was conducted to assess the impacts of dietary astaxanthin from wall-broken Haematococcus pluvialis (WBHPA) on the growth performance, antioxidant status, immune response, and intestinal health of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Six experimental diets were formulated with various concentrations of WBHPA, ranging from 0 to 8.4 g/kg (containing 0 to 125 mg/kg astaxanthin). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of rainbow trout (mean initial weight of 561 g) twice daily for 9 consecutive weeks. The survival rate and feed intake of fish exhibited no significant differences among the dietary groups (P > 0.05). Similarly, dietary inclusion of 25 to 100 mg/kg astaxanthin did not significantly affect the weight gain and daily growth coefficient (P > 0.05), but excessive inclusion of astaxanthin (125 mg/kg) slightly depressed these parameters (P < 0.05). Dietary inclusion of 25 to 50 mg/kg astaxanthin increased the activities of intestinal digestion and absorption enzymes (lipase, creatine kinase, and alkaline phosphatase), while the inclusion of 25 to 75 mg/kg astaxanthin improved the immune response of fish. Furthermore, regardless of inclusion level (25 to 125 mg/kg), dietary astaxanthin supplementation strengthened the intestinal mucosal barrier function and improved antioxidant activity, thereby promoting intestinal development. Conclusively, 25 to 75 mg/kg astaxanthin from WBHPA was recommended to be included in diets for rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Meng
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Fumei Yang
- Kunming Biogenic Co., Ltd., Kunming 650220, China
| | - Lulu Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Lingli Zhan
- Kunming Biogenic Co., Ltd., Kunming 650220, China
| | | | - Junming Deng
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Liu P, Liu Y, Cheng J, Xia Y, Yang Y. Copper exposure causes alteration in the intestinal microbiota and metabolites in Takifugu rubripes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 272:116064. [PMID: 38340599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Copper is an environmental pollutant, and copper in aquatic environments mainly comes from soil and water. It enters the environment through atmospheric deposition, sewage discharge, and industrial production, and enters aquatic organisms, causing toxicity. Takifugu rubripes (T. rubripes) is a marine fish with high economic value. Due to the toxic effects of heavy metals on aquatic organisms such as fish, it can affect the gut community and metabolites of fish. The gut is an important channel for fish to communicate with the outside world and a necessary pathway for the metabolism of nutrients and toxic substances in the fish body. Studies have shown that due to changes in global water emissions and the high sensitivity of aquatic organisms to the environment, copper may pose greater potential hazards to aquatic organisms. Copper poses a greater risk to aquatic species than other heavy metals and metal/metal like pollutants (such as cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, etc.) . In order to elucidate the effects of copper exposure on the gut of T. rubripes. In this study, we exposed T. rubripes to 0, 50, 100, or 500 μg/L of copper for three days, the effects of copper exposure on the gut microbiota structure and metabolites of the T. rubripes were investigated using 16 S rRNA gene and metabolomics techniques. The research results indicate that with the increase copper concentration, the intestinal tissue of T. rubripes undergoes significant damage. 16 S rRNA sequencing results show that copper exposure alters the structure and metabolites of intestinal microbiota. Copper exposure of 100 and 500 μg/L inhibited the colonization of the bacterial gut, disrupted the intestinal barrier, and made the fish susceptible to the pathogens. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that copper regulated the production of metabolites such as L-histidine, arachidonic acid, and L-glutamic acid, which are related to energy and immunity. Microbiome-metabolome correlation analysis showed that Subdoligranulum, Family_XIII_AD3011_group, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 were the key bacteria for copper ion intervention, and they might up-regulate the levels of metabolites such as indole-3-acetic acid, 3-indoleacrylic acid, and 5-hydroxyindole in the tryptophan metabolism pathway. In summary, our research has demonstrated that copper exposure can cause pathological changes in the intestinal tissue of the T. rubripes. High concentrations of copper ions can affect the colonization of the T. rubripes microbiota in the intestine, damage the fish's immune system, and alter the structure and metabolites of the intestinal microbiota, this can lead to intestinal metabolic dysfunction. providing a reference for the evaluation of the biological toxicity effects of heavy metal elements in the marine environment. This study provides a reference for evaluating the biological toxicity effects of heavy metal elements in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University) Ministry of Education, 116023, China; College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yanyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University) Ministry of Education, 116023, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jianxin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University) Ministry of Education, 116023, China; College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Yuqing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University) Ministry of Education, 116023, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University) Ministry of Education, 116023, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
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Yi C, Liang H, Huang D, Yu H, Xue C, Gu J, Chen X, Wang Y, Ren M, Zhang L. Phenylalanine Plays Important Roles in Regulating the Capacity of Intestinal Immunity, Antioxidants and Apoptosis in Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2980. [PMID: 37760380 PMCID: PMC10525992 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment was planned to explore the role of dietary phenylalanine levels in intestinal immunity, antioxidant activity and apoptosis in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Six iso-nitrogen and iso-energy diets with phenylalanine levels of 1.45% (DPHE1), 1.69% (DPHE2), 1.98% (DPHE3), 2.21% (DPHE4), 2.48% (DPHE5) and 2.76% (DPHE6) were designed. Juvenile largemouth bass were fed the experimental diet for 8 weeks. In this study, the DPHE5 group increased the expression of intestinal antioxidant genes in largemouth bass (p < 0.05), and the increase of antioxidant enzyme activities and content of related substances was most concentrated in the DPHE3 and DPHE4 groups (p < 0.05). The results of plasma biochemistry were similar to that of enzyme activity. The expression of genes related to the TOR signalling pathway mainly increased significantly in the DPHE5 group (p < 0.05). Similarly, the expression of inflammatory factors, as well as apoptotic factors, also showed significant increases in the DPHE5 group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, unbalanced phenylalanine in the diet could lead to a decrease in intestinal immune and antioxidant capacity and also cause a decline in the aggravation of intestinal cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changguo Yi
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hualiang Liang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Dongyu Huang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Heng Yu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Chunyu Xue
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jiaze Gu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Xiaoru Chen
- Tongwei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Culture of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610093, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- Tongwei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Culture of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610093, China
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Tongwei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Culture of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610093, China
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Liu J, Zhu F, Yang J, Wang Y, Ma X, Lou Y, Li Y. Effects of high-voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) on frozen shrimp (Solenocera melantho) based on UPLC-MS untargeted metabolism. Food Chem 2023; 411:135499. [PMID: 36696717 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Shrimp meat is prone to autolysis and decay due to the abundance of endogenous enzymes and contamination from microorganisms. HVEF freezing can slow the spoilage of shrimp, producing small and uniform ice crystals, resulting in less damage to muscle tissue. In this study, HVEF technique was used to freeze the shrimp (Solenocera melantho), and the UPLC-MS metabolic technique was used to investigate the metabolites of frozen shrimp meat. Compared with the control group, 367 differential metabolites were identified in the HVEF group. Mapping them to the KEGG database, there were 108 with KEGG ID. Purine metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism were the most enriched pathways. In addition, phosphatidylcholines (PCs), inosine (HxR), and l-valine were identified as potential biomarkers associated with lipid, nucleotide, and organic acid metabolism, respectively. Overall, HVEF can improve freezing quality of shrimp meat by slowing down the metabolism of substances in the muscle of S. melantho.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Deep Processing Technology of Animal Protein of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, PR China; Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, PR China
| | - Feixia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Food Deep Processing Technology of Animal Protein of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, PR China; Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Deep Processing Technology of Animal Protein of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, PR China; Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Deep Processing Technology of Animal Protein of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, PR China; Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Food Deep Processing Technology of Animal Protein of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, PR China; Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, PR China
| | - Yongjiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Food Deep Processing Technology of Animal Protein of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, PR China; Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, PR China
| | - Yongyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Deep Processing Technology of Animal Protein of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, PR China; Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, PR China.
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Shen HC, Chen ZQ, Chen F, Chen S, Ning LJ, Tian HY, Xu C. DHA alleviates high glucose-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in Oreochromis niloticus by inhibiting DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 244:125409. [PMID: 37327936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) is a key regulator in the maintenance of mammalian glucose homeostasis, but the relevant information remains poorly understood on aquatic animals. In the study, DRP1 is formally described for the first time in Oreochromis niloticus. DRP1 encodes a peptide of 673 amino acid residues that contained three conserved domains: a GTPase domain, a dynamin middle domain and a dynamin GTPase effector domain. DRP1 transcripts are widely distributed in all of the detected seven organs/tissues, and the highest mRNA levels in brain. High-carbohydrate (45 %) fed fish showed a significant upregulation of liver DRP1 expression than that of control (30 %) group. Glucose administration upregulated liver DRP1 expression, with peak values observed at 1 h; then its expression returned to the basal value at 12 h. In the in vitro study, DRP1 over-expression significantly decreased mitochondrial abundance in hepatocytes. DHA significantly increased mitochondrial abundance, transcriptions of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and mitofusin 1 and 2 (MFN1 and MFN2) and complex II and III activities of high glucose-treated hepatocyte, whereas the opposite was true for DRP1, mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) and fission (FIS) expression. Together, these findings illustrated that O. niloticus DRP1 is highly conserved, and it participated in glucose control of fish. DHA could alleviate high glucose-induced mitochondrial dysfunction of fish by inhibiting DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chao Shen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Sen Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li-Jun Ning
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong-Yan Tian
- Yancheng Institute of Technology, School of Marine and Bioengineering, No 211 Jianjun east road, 224000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
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Furuya WM, da Cruz TP, Gatlin DM. Amino Acid Requirements for Nile Tilapia: An Update. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050900. [PMID: 36899757 PMCID: PMC10000143 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to consolidate the relevant published data exploring the amino acid (AA) requirements of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, and to reach a new set of recommendations based on those data. There are still inconsistencies in lysine, sulfur-containing AA, threonine, tryptophan, branched-chain AA, and total aromatic AA recommendations in data that have appeared since 1988. This review finds that strain, size, basal diet composition, and assessment method may have contributed to the inconsistencies in AA recommendations. Currently, the expansion of precision AA nutrition diets for Nile tilapia is receiving more attention because of the demand for flexibility in widespread ingredient substitutions which will allow compliance with environmentally sustainable principles. Such approaches involve changes in diet ingredient composition with possible inclusions of non-bound essential and non-essential AAs. Increasing the inclusion of non-bound AAs into Nile tilapia diets may modify protein dynamics and influence AA requirements. Emerging evidence indicates that not only essential but also some non-essential amino acids regulate growth performance, fillet yield, and flesh quality, as well as reproductive performance, gut morphology, intestinal microbiota, and immune responses. Thus, this review considers current AA recommendations for Nile tilapia and proposes refinements that may better serve the needs of the tilapia industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Massamitu Furuya
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-42-3220-3082
| | - Thais Pereira da Cruz
- Animal Science Graduate Degree Program, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Delbert Monroe Gatlin
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX 77840, USA
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