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Yang C, Gao J, Wu H, Xiong Z, Xiao J, Wu Y, Yang Q, Xie Z, Song R, Ou D, Feng H. bcIRF5 activates bcTBK1 phosphorylation to enhance PANoptosis during GCRV infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 154:109968. [PMID: 39419131 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
TBK1 is an important IFN antiviral signalling factor, and in previous work black carp TBK1 (bcTBK1) and black carp IRF5 (bcIRF5) together promoted cell death in GCRV-infected cells. In this research, bcTBK1 and bcIRF5 were investigated both in vivo and in vitro to delineate their individual and combined functions. This study demonstrated that both bcTBK1 and bcIRF5 expressions were modulated in response to GCRV infection across the intestine, gill, kidney and spleen. In bcgill cells, overexpression of bcTBK1 and bcIRF5 initially suppressed the expression of cell death-related genes, including RIPK1, caspase1, caspase3 and bax, but this suppression was negated upon GCRV infection. In vivo, mRNA expression levels of RIPK1 and related genes varied by tissue following bcTBK1 or bcIRF5 overexpression and GCRV infection. Notably, intracellular co-overexpression of bcTBK1 and bcIRF5 led to significant upregulation of caspase3, caspase1, bax, and IL1β, along with enhanced caspase3 activity post-GCRV infection. This co-expression correlated with higher survival rates in black carp during GCRV infection and increased caspase3 mRNA in the spleen and gills. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining indicated disorganized spleen tissue and edematous, hyperplastic gill changes in co-transfected groups after infection. TUNEL staining of tissue sections showed that DNA breakage was significantly stronger in the co-transfected group than in the other groups during GCRV infection. Further phosphorylation experiments showed that bcIRF5 promoted phosphorylation modification of bcTBK1. Thus, these data suggest that bcIRF5 activates bcTBK1 by enhancing its phosphorylation and promotes PANoptosis in GCRV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Yang
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha, 410153, China.
| | - Jinwei Gao
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha, 410153, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha, 410153, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xiong
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha, 410153, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yanfang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Zhonggui Xie
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha, 410153, China
| | - Rui Song
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha, 410153, China.
| | - Dongsheng Ou
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha, 410153, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
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Zhang C, Wu H, Feng H, Zhang YA, Tu J. Grass carp reovirus VP56 and VP35 induce formation of viral inclusion bodies for replication. iScience 2024; 27:108684. [PMID: 38188516 PMCID: PMC10767200 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral inclusion bodies (VIBs) are subcellular structures required for efficient viral replication. How type II grass carp reovirus (GCRV-II), the mainly prevalent strain, forms VIBs is unknown. In this study, we found that GCRV-II infection induced punctate VIBs in grass carp ovary (GCO) cells and that non-structural protein 38 (NS38) functioned as a participant in VIB formation. Furthermore, VP56 and VP35 induced VIBs and recruited other viral proteins via the N-terminal of VP56 and the middle domain of VP35. Additionally, we found that the newly synthesized viral RNAs co-localized with VP56 and VP35 in VIBs during infection. Taken together, VP56 and VP35 induce VIB formation and recruit other viral proteins and viral RNAs to the VIBs for viral replication, which helps identify new targets for developing anti-GCRV-II drugs to disrupt viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiagang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Li C, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Li L, Kong X. Autophagy regulation of virus infection in aquatic animals. REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE 2023; 15:1405-1420. [DOI: 10.1111/raq.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
AbstractAutophagy is a conserved intracellular degradation process that is required to maintain host homeostasis and cope with invading pathogens. Over the past few decades, studies on mammals have greatly increased our understanding of the relationship between autophagy and virus infection. Autophagy may convey the invader to lysosomes to degrade or activate the host immune response against virus replication. However, many viruses have developed some strategies that evade the degradative nature of autophagy or hijack this pathway for their gain. It follows that autophagy during viral infection is a double‐edged sword. In contrast to mammals, the review on autophagy modulated by the aquatic animal virus is limited. Here, after a brief description of the main information about autophagy, we highlight current progress on the interplays between autophagy and virus infection in aquatic animals, including the phenomenon of autophagy upon virus infection, the effect of modulating autophagy on virus replication, and the crosstalk between autophagy and immune response during virus infection. This review will help us better understand the pathogenic mechanism of aquatic animal viruses and develop proper antiviral countermeasures aimed at modulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan Province PR China
| | - Yunli Zhang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan Province PR China
| | - Xianliang Zhao
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan Province PR China
| | - Li Li
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan Province PR China
| | - Xianghui Kong
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan Province PR China
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Dai Y, Li Y, Hu X, Jiang N, Liu W, Meng Y, Zhou Y, Xu C, Xue M, Fan Y. Nonstructural protein NS17 of grass carp reovirus Honghu strain promotes virus infection by mediating cell-cell fusion and apoptosis. Virus Res 2023; 334:199150. [PMID: 37302658 PMCID: PMC10410512 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) proteins can promote cell fusion, alter membrane permeability and trigger apoptosis to promote virus proliferation in orthoreoviruses. However, it is unknown whether FAST proteins perform these functions in aquareoviruses (AqRVs). Non-structural protein 17 (NS17) carried by grass carp reovirus Honghu strain (GCRV-HH196) belongs to the FAST protein family, and we preliminarily explored its relevance to virus infection. NS17 has similar domains to FAST protein NS16 of GCRV-873, comprising a transmembrane domain, a polybasic cluster, a hydrophobic patch and a polyproline motif. It was observed in the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Overexpression of NS17 enhanced the efficiency of cell-cell fusion induced by GCRV-HH196 and promoted virus replication. Overexpression of NS17 also led to DNA fragmentation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and it triggered apoptosis. The findings illuminate the functions of NS17 in GCRV infection, and provide a reference for the development of novel antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Dai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yiqun Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| | - Xi Hu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Wenzhi Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Mingyang Xue
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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