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Fan H, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Feng K, Hong L, Zhao Q, Lu X, Shi M, Li H, Wang L, Wen S. Development and validation of YARN: A novel SE-400 MPS kit for East Asian paternal lineage analysis. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2024; 71:103029. [PMID: 38518712 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2024.103029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat polymorphisms (Y-STRs) and Y-chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) are valuable genetic markers used in paternal lineage identification and population genetics. Currently, there is a lack of an effective panel that integrates Y-STRs and Y-SNPs for studying paternal lineages, particularly in East Asian populations. Hence, we developed a novel Y-chromosomal targeted panel called YARN (Y-chromosome Ancestry and Region Network) based on multiplex PCR and a single-end 400 massive parallel sequencing (MPS) strategy, consisting of 44 patrilineage Y-STRs and 260 evolutionary Y-SNPs. A total of 386 reactions were validated for the effectiveness and applicability of YARN according to SWGDAM validation guidelines, including sensitivity (with a minimum input gDNA of 0.125 ng), mixture identification (ranging from 1:1-1:10), PCR inhibitor testing (using substances such as 50 μM hematin, 100 μM hemoglobin, 100 μM humic acid, and 2.5 mM indigo dye), species specificity (successfully distinguishing humans from other animals), repeatability study (achieved 100% accuracy), and concordance study (with 99.91% accuracy for 1121 Y-STR alleles). Furthermore, we conducted a pilot study using YARN in a cohort of 484 Han Chinese males from Huaiji County, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong, China (GDZQHJ cohort). In this cohort, we identified 52 different Y-haplogroups and 73 different surnames. We found weak to moderate correlations between the Y-haplogroups, Chinese surnames, and geographical locations of the GDZQHJ cohort (with λ values ranging from 0.050 to 0.340). However, when we combined two different categories into a new independent variable, we observed stronger correlations (with λ values ranging from 0.617 to 0.754). Overall, the YARN panel, which combines Y-STR and Y-SNP genetic markers, meets forensic DNA quality assurance guidelines and holds potential for East Asian geographical origin inference and paternal lineage analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoliang Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Yiran Xu
- Institute of Archaeological Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yutao Zhao
- Public Security Bureau of Zhaoqing Municipality, Zhaoqing 526000, China.
| | - Kai Feng
- Duanzhou Branch of Zhaoqing Public Security Bureau, Zhaoqing 526060, China.
| | - Liuxi Hong
- Sihui Public Security Bureau of Guangdong Province, Zhaoqing 526299, China.
| | - Qiancheng Zhao
- Public Security Bureau of Zhaoqing Municipality, Zhaoqing 526000, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- Deepreads Biotech Company Limited, Guangzhou 510663, China.
| | - Meisen Shi
- Criminal Justice College of China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China.
| | - Haiyan Li
- Criminal Technology Center of Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department, Guangzhou 510050, China.
| | - Lingxiang Wang
- MOE Laboratory for National Development and Intelligent Governance, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Shaoqing Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Archaeological Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; MOE Laboratory for National Development and Intelligent Governance, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Wang Z, Wang M, Hu L, He G, Nie S. Evolutionary profiles and complex admixture landscape in East Asia: New insights from modern and ancient Y chromosome variation perspectives. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30067. [PMID: 38756579 PMCID: PMC11096704 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Y-chromosomes are characterized by nonrecombination and uniparental inheritance, carrying traces of human history evolution and admixture. Large-scale population-specific genomic sources based on advanced sequencing technologies have revolutionized our understanding of human Y chromosome diversity and its anthropological and forensic applications. Here, we reviewed and meta-analyzed the Y chromosome genetic diversity of modern and ancient people from China and summarized the patterns of founding lineages of spatiotemporally different populations associated with their origin, expansion, and admixture. We emphasized the strong association between our identified founding lineages and language-related human dispersal events correlated with the Sino-Tibetan, Altaic, and southern Chinese multiple-language families related to the Hmong-Mien, Tai-Kadai, Austronesian, and Austro-Asiatic languages. We subsequently summarize the recent advances in translational applications in forensic and anthropological science, including paternal biogeographical ancestry inference (PBGAI), surname investigation, and paternal history reconstruction. Whole-Y sequencing or high-resolution panels with high coverage of terminal Y chromosome lineages are essential for capturing the genomic diversity of ethnolinguistically diverse East Asians. Generally, we emphasized the importance of including more ethnolinguistically diverse, underrepresented modern and spatiotemporally different ancient East Asians in human genetic research for a comprehensive understanding of the paternal genetic landscape of East Asians with a detailed time series and for the reconstruction of a reference database in the PBGAI, even including new technology innovations of Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) for new genetic variation discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Liping Hu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Guanglin He
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Shengjie Nie
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
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3
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Song M, Wang X, Zhao C, Qian X, Lang M, Hou Y, Song F. Inference of population structure and admixture proportion from Y chromosomal data of Chinese population. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:2351-2362. [PMID: 35973689 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades, Y chromosome data has been generated for human population genetic studies. These Y chromosome datasets were produced with various testing methods and markers, thus difficult to combine them for a comprehensive analysis. In this study, we combine four human Y chromosomal datasets of Han, Tibetan, Hui, and Li ethnic groups. The dataset contains 27 microsatellites and 137 single nucleotide polymorphisms these populations share in common. We assembled a single dataset containing 2439 individuals from 25 nationwide populations in China. A systematic analysis of genetic distance and clustering was performed. To determine the gene flow of the studied population with worldwide populations, we modeled the ancestry informative markers. The reference panel was regarded as a mixture of South Asian (SAS), East Asian (EAS), European (EUR), African (AFR), and American (AMR) populations from 1000 Genomes data of Y chromosome using nonlinear data-fitting. We then calculated the admixture proportion of these four studied populations with 26 worldwide populations. The results showed that the Han and Hui have great genetic affinity, and Hui is the most admixed ethnic group, with 61.53% EAS, 34.65% SAS, 1.91% AFR, 1.56% AMR, and 0.04% EUR ancestry component (the AMR is highly admixed and thus should be ignored). All the other three ethnic groups contained more than 97% EAS ancestry component. The Li is the least admixed population in this study. The combined dataset in this study is the largest of this kind reported to date and proposes reference population data for use in future paternal genetic studies and forensic genealogical identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Med+Molecular Diagnostics Institute of West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xindi Wang
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Qian
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Min Lang
- Law School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yiping Hou
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Feng Song
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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Interpretation of DNA data within the context of UK forensic science - investigation. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:395-404. [PMID: 34151948 PMCID: PMC8457768 DOI: 10.1042/etls20210165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article is the second part of a review of the interpretation of DNA data in forensic science. The first part describes the evaluation of autosomal profile for criminal trials where an evidential weight is assigned to the profile of a person of interest (POI) and a crime-scene profile. This part describes the state of the art and future advances in the interpretation of forensic DNA data for providing intelligence information during an investigation. Forensic DNA is crucial in the investigative phase of an undetected crime where a POI needs to be identified. A sample taken from a crime scene is profiled using a range of forensic DNA tests. This review covers investigation using autosomal profiles including searching national and international crime and reference DNA databases. Other investigative methodologies described are kinship analysis; familial searching; Y chromosome (Y-STR) and mitochondrial (mtDNA) profiles; appearance prediction and geographic ancestry; forensic genetic genealogy; and body identification. For completeness, the evaluation of Y-STRs, mtDNA and kinship analysis are briefly described. Taken together, parts I and II, cover the range of interpretation of DNA data in a forensic context.
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Jin XY, Fang YT, Cui W, Chen C, Guo YX, Meng HT, Wang HD, Zhao K, Zhu BF. Development of the decision tree model for distinguishing individuals of Chinese four surnames from Zhanjiang Han population based on Y-STR haplotypes. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2021; 49:101848. [PMID: 33517135 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Co-separation studies between surnames and Y chromosome genetic markers are beneficial to revealing population migrations, surname origins, population formation histories and forensic familial searching. Genetic distributions of 27 Y-STRs in Chinese four surnames (Li, Lin, Chen and Huang) from Zhanjiang Han population were investigated. Meanwhile, we tried to develop a decision tree model for surname predictions based on Y-STR haplotypes. Allelic frequencies of 27 Y-STRs showed that unique alleles were only observed in a certain surname; besides, some alleles displayed higher frequencies in a certain surname than those in other surnames, implying these alleles might be employed as the useful indicators for surname predictions. Haplotype match probability values of 27 Y-STRs in these surnames revealed that the system could be used as a valuable tool for forensic male identification. The developed decision tree model performed well for the training set with the accuracy of 0.9860 and obtained the relatively high accuracy (>0.70) for surname predictions of the testing set. To sum up, we explored the power of the machine learning to the surname predictions based on obtained Y-STR haplotypes, which showed promising application values in forensic familial searching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ye Jin
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya-Ting Fang
- Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification; Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao-Tian Meng
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Dan Wang
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification; Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo-Feng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification; Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Y chromosome analysis for common surnames in the Japanese male population. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:731-738. [PMID: 33526818 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-00884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
For many years of Japan's long history, Japanese surnames have been handed down patrilineally. This study investigated relations between major surnames and Y chromosomal polymorphism among the Japanese male population. To analyze genetic phylogeny in namesakes, the Y-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) plus Y-short tandem repeat (STR) approach was employed. A haplogroup based on SNPs and haplotypes at 17 STR loci were typed in 567 unrelated volunteers recruited in Kanagawa, Japan. Samples covered 27 common surnames such as Satoh and Suzuki, each name having 10-55 bearers. Significant difference was found for SNP haplogroup compositions and a multidimensional scaling plot using STR haplotypes in several surname groups. By contrast, these common surnames displayed wide diversity with phylogenetic networks, suggesting that no genetic drift event has occurred in their history. In all, 22 descent clusters were found, as judgcriteria ed by ad hoc of groups within five mutational steps in the 15 STR loci with the same haplogroup. The times of the most recent common ancestor ranged from 279 to over 2577 years. According to the approximate millennium span of Japanese surname history, descent criteria are expected to be reasonable for grouping within four step-neighbors. High heterogeneity of common surnames resembles that observed for England and Spain, but not for Ireland. Our results highlight that common Japanese surnames consist of descent clusters and many singletons, reflecting a mixture of long-term bearers and short-term bearers among the population. The genetic study of this population revealed characteristic features of Japanese surnames.
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Wang CZ, Wei LH, Wang LX, Wen SQ, Yu XE, Shi MS, Li H. Relating Clans Ao and Aisin Gioro from northeast China by whole Y-chromosome sequencing. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:775-780. [PMID: 31148597 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Y-chromosome haplogroup C2b1a3a2-F8951 is the paternal lineage of the Aisin Gioro clan, the most important brother branch of the famous Mongolic-speaking population characteristic haplogroup C2*-Star Cluster (C2b1a3a1-F3796). However, investigations on its internal phylogeny are still limited. In this study, we used whole Y-chromosome sequencing to update its phylogenetic tree. In the revised tree, C2b1a3a2-F8951 and C2*-Star Cluster differentiated 3852 years ago (95% CI = 3295-4497). Approximately 3558 years ago (95% CI = 3013-4144), C2b1a3a2-F8951 was divided into two main subclades, C2b1a3a2a-F14753 and C2b1a3a2b-F5483. Currently, samples of C2b1a3a2-F8951 were mainly from the House of Aisin Gioro clan, the Ao family from Daur and some individuals mainly from northeast China. Although other haplogroups are also found in the Ao family, including C2b1a2-M48, C2b1a3a1-F3796, C2a1b-F845, and N1c-M178, the haplogroup C2b1a3a2-F8951 is still the most distinct genetic component. For haplogroup C2b1a3a2-F8951, the time of the most recent common ancestor of the House of Aisin Gioro clan and the Ao family were both very late, just a few hundred years ago. Some family-specific Y-SNPs of the House of Aisin Gioro and the Ao family were also discovered. This revision evidently improved the resolving power of Y-chromosome phylogeny in northeast Asia, deepening our understanding of the origin of these two families, even the Mongolic-speaking population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Zao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan-Hai Wei
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Ling-Xiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-Qing Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Er Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Sen Shi
- Institute of the Investigation, School of Criminal Justice, China University of Political Science and Law, 100088, Beijing, China.
| | - Hui Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China. .,Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Fudan-Datong Institute of Chinese Origin, 037006, Datong, China.
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Chen J, Chen L, Liu Y, Li X, Yuan Y, Wang Y. An index of Chinese surname distribution and its implications for population dynamics. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 169:608-618. [PMID: 31140593 PMCID: PMC6771642 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective We propose an index to characterize the key feature of Chinese surname distributions and investigate its implications for population structure and dynamics. Materials and methods The surname dataset was obtained from the National Citizen Identity Information Center, which contains 1.28 billion Chinese citizens enrolled in 2007, excluding those of Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan. An index, the coverage ratio of stretched exponential distribution (CRSED), is proposed based on the crossover point of stretched exponential truncated power‐law distribution, where the stretched exponential term and the power‐law term contribute equally. We use multidimensional scaling technique to demonstrate the dependence of the similarity of one prefecture to the others on the CRSED. Results The CRSEDs of 362 prefectures exhibit an uneven distribution. The consistency of this index is evident by strong positive correlations of CRSEDs at the three administrative levels. This new index has a strong negative correlation with the proportion of the rare surnames. The prefectures with similar CRSEDs tend to adjoin each other on the administrative map, resulting in several distinct regions, each of which shares similar terrain features or historical migrations. The prefectures with lower CRSEDs are more dissimilar to the other prefectures, while the ones with higher CRSEDs are more similar to the others. Discussion The population dynamics of the prefectures with higher CRSEDs are more likely dominated by migratory movements, the dominant evolutionary forces of the prefectures with lower CRSEDs can be attributed to drift and mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Liujun Chen
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yida Yuan
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yougui Wang
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Tao R, Jin M, Ji G, Zhang J, Zhang J, Yang Z, Chen C, Zhang S, Li C. Forensic characteristics of 36 Y-STR loci in a Changzhou Han population and genetic distance analysis among several Chinese populations. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2019; 40:e268-e270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Shi Y, Li L, Wang Y, Chen J, Yuan Y, Stanley HE. Regional surname affinity: A spatial network approach. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 168:428-437. [PMID: 30586153 PMCID: PMC6590414 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective We investigate surname affinities among areas of modern‐day China, by constructing a spatial network, and making community detection. It reports a geographical genealogy of the Chinese population that is result of population origins, historical migrations, and societal evolutions. Materials and methods We acquire data from the census records supplied by China's National Citizen Identity Information System, including the surname and regional information of 1.28 billion registered Chinese citizens. We propose a multilayer minimum spanning tree (MMST) to construct a spatial network based on the matrix of isonymic distances, which is often used to characterize the dissimilarity of surname structure among areas. We use the fast unfolding algorithm to detect network communities. Results We obtain a 10‐layer MMST network of 362 prefecture nodes and 3,610 edges derived from the matrix of the Euclidean distances among these areas. These prefectures are divided into eight groups in the spatial network via community detection. We measure the partition by comparing the inter‐distances and intra‐distances of the communities and obtain meaningful regional ethnicity classification. Discussion The visualization of the resulting communities on the map indicates that the prefectures in the same community are usually geographically adjacent. The formation of this partition is influenced by geographical factors, historic migrations, trade and economic factors, as well as isolation of culture and language. The MMST algorithm proves to be effective in geo‐genealogy and ethnicity classification for it retains essential information about surname affinity and highlights the geographical consanguinity of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Shi
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Center for Polymer Studies and Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Le Li
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Center for Polymer Studies and Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Yougui Wang
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Center for Polymer Studies and Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Jiawei Chen
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Center for Polymer Studies and Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Yida Yuan
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - H E Stanley
- Center for Polymer Studies and Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
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