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Chen J, Ma X, Lu X, Xu H, Chen D, Li Y, Zhou Z, Li Y, Ma S, Yakov K. Long-term phosphorus addition alleviates CO 2 and N 2O emissions via altering soil microbial functions in secondary rather primary tropical forests. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121295. [PMID: 36822311 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests, where the soils are nitrogen (N) rich but phosphorus (P) poor, have a disproportionate influence on global carbon (C) and N cycling. While N deposition substantially alters soil C and N retention in tropical forests, whether P input can alleviate these N-induced effects by regulating soil microbial functions remains unclear. We investigated soil microbial taxonomy and functional traits in response to 10-year independent and interactive effects of N and P additions in a primary and a secondary tropical forest in Hainan Island. In the primary forest, N addition boosted oligotrophic bacteria and phosphatase and enriched genes responsible for C-, P-mineralization, nitrification and denitrification, suggesting aggravated P limitation while N excess. This might stimulate P excavation via organic matter mineralization, and enhance N losses, thereby increasing soil CO2 and N2O emissions by 86% and 110%, respectively. Phosphorus and NP additions elevated C-mining enzymes activity mainly due to intensified C limitation, causing 82% increase in CO2 emission. In secondary forest, P and NP additions reduced phosphatase activity, enriched fungal copiotrophs and increased microbial biomass, suggesting removal of nutrient deficiencies and stimulation of fungal growth. Meanwhile, soil CO2 emission decreased by 25% and N2O emission declined by 52-82% due to alleviated P acquisition from organic matter decomposition and increased microbial C and N immobilization. Overall, N addition accelerates most microbial processes for C and N release in tropical forests. Long-term P addition increases C and N retention via reducing soil CO2 and N2O emissions in the secondary but not primary forest because of strong C limitation to microbial N immobilization. Further, the seasonal and annual variations in CO2 and N2O emissions should be considered in future studies to test the generalization of these findings and predict and model dynamics in greenhouse gas emissions and C and N cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Xiaomin Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiankai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Han Xu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou, 510520, China.
| | - Dexiang Chen
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Yanpeng Li
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Zhang Zhou
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Yide Li
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Suhui Ma
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kuzyakov Yakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia
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Müller M, Kües U, Budde KB, Gailing O. Applying molecular and genetic methods to trees and their fungal communities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2783-2830. [PMID: 36988668 PMCID: PMC10106355 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12480-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Forests provide invaluable economic, ecological, and social services. At the same time, they are exposed to several threats, such as fragmentation, changing climatic conditions, or increasingly destructive pests and pathogens. Trees, the inherent species of forests, cannot be viewed as isolated organisms. Manifold (micro)organisms are associated with trees playing a pivotal role in forest ecosystems. Of these organisms, fungi may have the greatest impact on the life of trees. A multitude of molecular and genetic methods are now available to investigate tree species and their associated organisms. Due to their smaller genome sizes compared to tree species, whole genomes of different fungi are routinely compared. Such studies have only recently started in forest tree species. Here, we summarize the application of molecular and genetic methods in forest conservation genetics, tree breeding, and association genetics as well as for the investigation of fungal communities and their interrelated ecological functions. These techniques provide valuable insights into the molecular basis of adaptive traits, the impacts of forest management, and changing environmental conditions on tree species and fungal communities and can enhance tree-breeding cycles due to reduced time for field testing. It becomes clear that there are multifaceted interactions among microbial species as well as between these organisms and trees. We demonstrate the versatility of the different approaches based on case studies on trees and fungi. KEY POINTS: • Current knowledge of genetic methods applied to forest trees and associated fungi. • Genomic methods are essential in conservation, breeding, management, and research. • Important role of phytobiomes for trees and their ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Müller
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty for Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of Goettingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Ursula Kües
- Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, Faculty for Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center of Sustainable Land Use (CBL), Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina B Budde
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty for Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center of Sustainable Land Use (CBL), Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Gailing
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty for Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of Goettingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- Center of Sustainable Land Use (CBL), Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Soil microbial community changes in response to the environmental gradients of urbanization in Guangzhou City. Urban Ecosyst 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-022-01279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mundra S, Kauserud H, Økland T, Nordbakken J, Ransedokken Y, Kjønaas OJ. Shift in tree species changes the belowground biota of boreal forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:2073-2087. [PMID: 35307841 PMCID: PMC9325058 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of native birch with Norway spruce has been initiated in Norway to increase long-term carbon storage in forests. However, there is limited knowledge on the impacts that aboveground changes will have on the belowground microbiota. We examined which effects a tree species shift from birch to spruce stands has on belowground microbial communities, soil fungal biomass and relationships with vegetation biomass and soil organic carbon (SOC). Replacement of birch with spruce negatively influenced soil bacterial and fungal richness and strongly altered microbial community composition in the forest floor layer, most strikingly for fungi. Tree species-mediated variation in soil properties was a major factor explaining variation in bacterial communities. For fungi, both soil chemistry and understorey vegetation were important community structuring factors, particularly for ectomycorrhizal fungi. The relative abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi and the ectomycorrhizal : saprotrophic fungal ratio were higher in spruce compared to birch stands, particularly in the deeper mineral soil layers, and vice versa for saprotrophs. The positive relationship between ergosterol (fungal biomass) and SOC stock in the forest floor layer suggests higher carbon sequestration potential in spruce forest soil, alternatively, that the larger carbon stock leads to an increase in soil fungal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Mundra
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EvoGene)Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloPO Box 1066 BlindernOsloNO‐0316Norway
- Department of BiologyCollege of ScienceUnited Arab Emirates UniversityPO Box 15551Al‐Ain, Abu‐DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Håvard Kauserud
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EvoGene)Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloPO Box 1066 BlindernOsloNO‐0316Norway
| | - Tonje Økland
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchPO Box 115ÅsNO‐1431Norway
| | | | - Yngvild Ransedokken
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesPO Box 5003ÅsNO‐1432Norway
| | - O. Janne Kjønaas
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchPO Box 115ÅsNO‐1431Norway
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Valadares RV, Costa MD, Neves JCL, Vieira Netto JAF, Silva IRD, Moro E, Alves MR, Fernandes LA. Rhizosphere microbiological processes and eucalypt nutrition: Synthesis and conceptualization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:141305. [PMID: 32771762 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we present the state of art regarding rhizosphere effects on eucalypt plantations. It provides a greater understanding of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) turnover in forest soils. P organic hydrolysis, soil mineral solubilization, indoleacetic acid, gibberellin, resistance factors, and production of siderophores by rhizosphere microbial populations help to explain the tolerance of Eucalyptus plants to biotic and abiotic stresses and the apparent steady-state condition of C and N soil stocks in many planted forests. This work aims to present the main findings on Eucalyptus rhizosphere processes and highlights their importance for trees nutrition, especially for N mineralization triggered by microbial activation or microbial community structure changes regarding the so-called rhizosphere priming effect and N fixation. Furthermore, we present an explanatory conceptual model of the steady-state condition for soil organic matter (SOM) stocks and its relation with fertilization based on a nutrient balance model. This review also considers the main experimental and modeling studies that demonstrate the quantitative importance of rhizosphere processes to Eucalyptus genus and their shortcomings. This provides a framework for process modeling under scenarios of global climate change. A better understanding of rhizosphere microbiological processes may allow improvements in Eucalyptus nutrition and production, as well as in accurate long-term estimates of SOM stocks and C-CO2 exchanges between forest soils and the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael V Valadares
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Solos, Viçosa, Minas Gerais CEP: 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Maurício D Costa
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Microbiologia, Viçosa, Minas Gerais CEP: 36570-900, Brazil; Bolsista Pesquisador do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Júlio César L Neves
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Solos, Viçosa, Minas Gerais CEP: 36570-900, Brazil
| | - João A F Vieira Netto
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Microbiologia, Viçosa, Minas Gerais CEP: 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Ivo Ribeiro da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Solos, Viçosa, Minas Gerais CEP: 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Edemar Moro
- Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo CEP: 19050-920, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rodrigo Alves
- Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo CEP: 19050-920, Brazil
| | - Luiz Arnaldo Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Montes Claros CEP: 39404-547, Brazil; Bolsista Pesquisador do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Semenova-Nelsen TA, Platt WJ, Patterson TR, Huffman J, Sikes BA. Frequent fire reorganizes fungal communities and slows decomposition across a heterogeneous pine savanna landscape. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:916-927. [PMID: 31396966 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyrogenic savannas with a tree-grassland 'matrix' experience frequent fires (i.e. every 1-3 yr). Aboveground responses to frequent fires have been well studied, but responses of fungal litter decomposers, which directly affect fuels, remain poorly known. We hypothesized that each fire reorganizes belowground communities and slows litter decomposition, thereby influencing savanna fuel dynamics. In a pine savanna, we established patches near and away from pines that were either burned or unburned in that year. Within patches, we assessed fungal communities and microbial decomposition of newly deposited litter. Soil variables and plant communities were also assessed as proximate drivers of fungal communities. Fungal communities, but not soil variables or vegetation, differed substantially between burned and unburned patches. Saprotrophic fungi dominated in unburned patches but decreased in richness and relative abundance after fire. Differences in fungal communities with fire were greater in litter than in soils, but unaffected by pine proximity. Litter decomposed more slowly in burned than in unburned patches. Fires drive shifts between fire-adapted and sensitive fungal taxa in pine savannas. Slower fuel decomposition in accordance with saprotroph declines should enhance fuel accumulation and could impact future fire characteristics. Thus, fire reorganization of fungal communities may enhance persistence of these fire-adapted ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Semenova-Nelsen
- Kansas Biological Survey, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - William J Platt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Taylor R Patterson
- Kansas Biological Survey, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Jean Huffman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Benjamin A Sikes
- Kansas Biological Survey, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
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Puscas RH, Cristea GI, Radu S. Stable Isotope Determination in Edible Mushrooms from the Spontaneous Flora of Transylvania. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1376218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romulus H. Puscas
- Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela Ioana Cristea
- Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stelian Radu
- Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Halbwachs H, Heilmann-Clausen J, Bässler C. Mean spore size and shape in ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic assemblages show strong responses under resource constraints. FUNGAL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Costantini ML, Calizza E, Rossi L. Stable isotope variation during fungal colonisation of leaf detritus in aquatic environments. FUNGAL ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Boberg JB, Finlay RD, Stenlid J, Ekblad A, Lindahl BD. Nitrogen and carbon reallocation in fungal mycelia during decomposition of boreal forest litter. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92897. [PMID: 24651625 PMCID: PMC3961408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Boreal forests are characterized by spatially heterogeneous soils with low N availability. The decomposition of coniferous litter in these systems is primarily performed by basidiomycete fungi, which often form large mycelia with a well-developed capacity to reallocate resources spatially- an advantageous trait in heterogeneous environments. In axenic microcosm systems we tested whether fungi increase their biomass production by reallocating N between Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) needles at different stages of decomposition. We estimated fungal biomass production by analysing the accumulation of the fungal cell wall compound chitin. Monospecific systems were compared with systems with interspecific interactions. We found that the fungi reallocated assimilated N and mycelial growth away from well-degraded litter towards fresh litter components. This redistribution was accompanied by reduced decomposition of older litter. Interconnection of substrates increased over-all fungal C use efficiency (i.e. the allocation of assimilated C to biomass rather than respiration), presumably by enabling fungal translocation of growth-limiting N to litter with higher C quality. Fungal connection between different substrates also restricted N-mineralization and production of dissolved organic N, suggesting that litter saprotrophs in boreal forest ecosystems primarily act to redistribute rather than release N. This spatial integration of different resource qualities was hindered by interspecific interactions, in which litters of contrasting quality were colonised by two different basidiomycete species. The experiments provide a detailed picture of how resource reallocation in two decomposer fungi leads to a more efficient utilisation of spatially separated resources under N-limitation. From an ecosystem point of view, such economic fungal behaviour could potentially contribute to organic matter accumulation in the litter layers of boreal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna B. Boberg
- Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Forest Mycology & Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roger D. Finlay
- Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Forest Mycology & Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Stenlid
- Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Forest Mycology & Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alf Ekblad
- Örebro Isotope Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, Bilberg Building, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Björn D. Lindahl
- Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Forest Mycology & Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Baldrian P, Lindahl B. Decomposition in forest ecosystems: after decades of research still novel findings. FUNGAL ECOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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