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Arroyo Portilla C, Fenouil R, Wagner C, Luciani C, Lagier M, Da Silva C, Hidalgo-Villeda F, Spinelli L, Fallet M, Tomas J, Gorvel JP, Lelouard H. Peyer's patch phagocytes acquire specific transcriptional programs that influence their maturation and activation profiles. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:527-547. [PMID: 37257775 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Peyer's patches (PPs) are secondary lymphoid organs in contact with the external environment via the intestinal lumen, thus combining antigen sampling and immune response initiation sites. Therefore, they provide a unique opportunity to study the entire process of phagocyte differentiation and activation in vivo. Here, we deciphered the transcriptional and spatial landscape of PP phagocyte populations from their emergence in the tissue to their final maturation state at homeostasis and under stimulation. Activation of monocyte-derived Lysozyme-expressing dendritic cells (LysoDCs) differs from that of macrophages by their upregulation of conventional DC (cDC) signature genes such as Ccr7 and downregulation of typical monocyte-derived cell genes such as Cx3cr1. We identified gene sets that distinguish PP cDCs from the villus ones and from LysoDCs. We also identified key immature, early, intermediate, and late maturation markers of PP phagocytes. Finally, exploiting the ability of the PP interfollicular region to host both villous and subepithelial dome emigrated cDCs, we showed that the type of stimulus, the subset, but also the initial location of cDCs shape their activation profile and thus direct the immune response. Our study highlights the importance of targeting the right phagocyte subset at the right place and time to manipulate the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Arroyo Portilla
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France; Departamento de Análisis Clínicos, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Romain Fenouil
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France
| | - Camille Wagner
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France
| | - Cécilia Luciani
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France
| | - Margaux Lagier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France
| | - Clément Da Silva
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France
| | - Fanny Hidalgo-Villeda
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France; Escuela de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Lionel Spinelli
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France
| | - Mathieu Fallet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France
| | - Julie Tomas
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Gorvel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France
| | - Hugues Lelouard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France.
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Filardy AA, Ferreira JRM, Rezende RM, Kelsall BL, Oliveira RP. The intestinal microenvironment shapes macrophage and dendritic cell identity and function. Immunol Lett 2023; 253:41-53. [PMID: 36623708 PMCID: PMC9907447 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The gut comprises the largest body interface with the environment and is continuously exposed to nutrients, food antigens, and commensal microbes, as well as to harmful pathogens. Subsets of both macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are present throughout the intestinal tract, where they primarily inhabit the gut-associate lymphoid tissue (GALT), such as Peyer's patches and isolated lymphoid follicles. In addition to their role in taking up and presenting antigens, macrophages and DCs possess extensive functional plasticity and these cells play complementary roles in maintaining immune homeostasis in the gut by preventing aberrant immune responses to harmless antigens and microbes and by promoting host defense against pathogens. The ability of macrophages and DCs to induce either inflammation or tolerance is partially lineage imprinted, but can also be dictated by their activation state, which in turn is determined by their specific microenvironment. These cells express several surface and intracellular receptors that detect danger signals, nutrients, and hormones, which can affect their activation state. DCs and macrophages play a fundamental role in regulating T cells and their effector functions. Thus, modulation of intestinal mucosa immunity by targeting antigen presenting cells can provide a promising approach for controlling pathological inflammation. In this review, we provide an overview on the characteristics, functions, and origins of intestinal macrophages and DCs, highlighting the intestinal microenvironmental factors that influence their functions during homeostasis. Unraveling the mechanisms by which macrophages and DCs regulate intestinal immunity will deepen our understanding on how the immune system integrates endogenous and exogenous signals in order to maintain the host's homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra A Filardy
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Jesuino R M Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Brian L Kelsall
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, USA
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Love CJ, Masson BA, Gubert C, Hannan AJ. The microbiota-gut-brain axis in Huntington's disease. International Review of Neurobiology 2022; 167:141-184. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wagner C, Bonnardel J, Da Silva C, Spinelli L, Portilla CA, Tomas J, Lagier M, Chasson L, Masse M, Dalod M, Chollat-namy A, Gorvel J, Lelouard H. Differentiation Paths of Peyer’s Patch LysoDCs Are Linked to Sampling Site Positioning, Migration, and T Cell Priming. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Singh N, Kim HC, Song R, Dhinsa JK, Torres SR, De Jesus M. Candida albicans Elicits Pro-Inflammatory Differential Gene Expression in Intestinal Peyer's Patches. Mycopathologia 2019; 184:461-78. [PMID: 31230200 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The details of how gut-associated lymphoid tissues such as Peyer's patches (PPs) in the small intestine play a role in immune surveillance, microbial differentiation and the mucosal barrier protection in response to fungal organisms such as Candida albicans are still unclear. We particularly focus on PPs as they are the immune sensors and inductive sites of the gut that influence inflammation and tolerance. We have previously demonstrated that CD11c+ phagocytes that include dendritic cells and macrophages are located in the sub-epithelial dome within PPs sample C. albicans. To gain insight on how specific cells within PPs sense and respond to the sampling of fungi, we gavaged naïve mice with C. albicans strains ATCC 18804 and SC5314 as well as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We measured the differential gene expression of sorted CD45+ B220+ B-cells, CD3+ T-cells and CD11c+ DCs within the first 24 h post-gavage using nanostring nCounter® technology. The results reveal that at 24 h, PP phagocytes were the cell type that displayed differential gene expression. These phagocytes were able to sample C. albicans and discriminate between strains. In particular, strain ATCC 18804 upregulated fungal-specific pro-inflammatory genes pertaining to innate and adaptive immune responses. Interestingly, PP CD11c+ phagocytes also differentially expressed genes in response to C. albicans that were important in the protection of the mucosal barrier. These results highlight that the mucosal barrier not only responds to C. albicans, but also aids in the protection of the host.
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T'Jonck W, Guilliams M, Bonnardel J. Niche signals and transcription factors involved in tissue-resident macrophage development. Cell Immunol 2018; 330:43-53. [PMID: 29463401 PMCID: PMC6108424 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages form an essential part of the first line of defense in all tissues of the body. Next to their immunological role, they play an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Recently, it was shown that they are primarily of embryonic origin. During embryogenesis, precursors originating in the yolk sac and fetal liver colonize the embryonal tissues where they develop into mature tissue-resident macrophages. Their development is governed by two distinct sets of transcription factors. First, in the pre-macrophage stage, a core macrophage program is established by lineage-determining transcription factors. Under the influence of tissue-specific signals, this core program is refined by signal-dependent transcription factors. This nurturing by the niche allows the macrophages to perform tissue-specific functions. In the last 15 years, some of these niche signals and transcription factors have been identified. However, detailed insight in the exact mechanism of development is still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter T'Jonck
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialization, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Martin Guilliams
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialization, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Johnny Bonnardel
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialization, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium.
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Singh N, Gallagher HC, Song R, Dhinsa JK, Ostroff GR, De Jesus M. RNA isolation from Peyer's patch lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes to determine gene expression profiles using NanoString technology. J Biol Methods 2018; 5:e95. [PMID: 31453245 PMCID: PMC6706143 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2018.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sampling and immune surveillance within gut-associated lymphoid tissues such as the intestinal Peyer’s patch (PP) occurs by an elegantly orchestrated effort that involves the epithelial barrier, B and T lymphocytes, and an extensive network of mononuclear phagocytes. Although we now understand more about the dynamics of antigen and microbial sampling within PPs, the gene expression changes that occur in individual cell subsets during sampling are not well characterized. This protocol describes the isolation of high-quality RNA from sorted PP, B and T-lymphocytes, and CD11c+ phagocytes for use with nCounter-NanoString technology. This method allows investigators to study gene expression changes within PPs in response to antigens, microbes, and oral vaccine delivery vehicles of interest that are sampled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navjot Singh
- Division of Molecular Genetics Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany NY, USA
| | - Heather C Gallagher
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, School of Public Health Albany, Albany NY, USA
| | - Renjie Song
- Biochemistry and Immunology Core, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany NY, USA
| | - Jaskiran K Dhinsa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany NY, USA.,Division of Molecular Genetics Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany NY, USA
| | - Gary R Ostroff
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Magdia De Jesus
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, School of Public Health Albany, Albany NY, USA
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Wagner C, Bonnardel J, Da Silva C, Martens L, Gorvel JP, Lelouard H. Some news from the unknown soldier, the Peyer's patch macrophage. Cell Immunol 2018; 330:159-67. [PMID: 29395860 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, macrophages (MF) are present in virtually all tissues where they serve many different functions linked primarily to the maintenance of homeostasis, innate defense against pathogens, tissue repair and metabolism. Although some of these functions appear common to all tissues, others are specific to the homing tissue. Thus, MF become adapted to perform particular functions in a given tissue. Accordingly, MF express common markers but also sets of tissue-specific markers linked to dedicated functions. One of the largest pool of MF in the body lines up the wall of the gut. Located in the small intestine, Peyer's patches (PP) are primary antigen sampling and mucosal immune response inductive sites. Surprisingly, although markers of intestinal MF, such as F4/80, have been identified more than 30 years ago, MF of PP escaped any kind of phenotypic description and remained "unknown" for decades. In absence of MF identification, the characterization of the PP mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) functions has been impaired. However, taking into account that PP are privileged sites of entry for pathogens, it is important to understand how the latter are handled by and/or escape the PP MPS, especially MF, which role in killing invaders is well known. This review focuses on recent advances on the PP MPS, which have allowed, through new criteria of PP phagocyte subset identification, the characterization of PP MF origin, diversity, specificity, location and functions.
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Bonnardel J, Da Silva C, Wagner C, Bonifay R, Chasson L, Masse M, Pollet E, Dalod M, Gorvel JP, Lelouard H. Distribution, location, and transcriptional profile of Peyer's patch conventional DC subsets at steady state and under TLR7 ligand stimulation. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:1412-30. [PMID: 28378808 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The initiation of the mucosal immune response in Peyer's patch (PP) relies on the sampling, processing, and efficient presentation of foreign antigens by dendritic cells (DCs). Among PP DCs, CD11b+ conventional DCs (cDCs) and lysozyme-expressing DCs (LysoDCs) have distinct progenitors and functions but share many cell surface markers. This has previously led to confusion between these two subsets. In addition, another PP DC subset, termed double-negative (DN), remains poorly characterized. Here we show that both DN and CD11b+ cDCs belong to a unique SIRPα+ cDC subset. At steady state, cDCs and TIM-4+ macrophages are mainly located in T-cell zones, i.e., interfollicular regions, whereas a majority of subepithelial phagocytes are monocyte-derived cells, namely, LysoDCs and TIM-4- macrophages. Finally, oral administration of a Toll-like receptor 7 ligand induces at least three TNF-dependent events: (i) migration of dome-associated villus cDCs in interfollicular regions, (ii) increase of CD8α+ interfollicular cDC number, and (iii) activation of both CD11b+ and CD8α+ interfollicular cDCs. The latter is marked by a genetic reprograming leading to the upregulation of type I interferon-stimulated and of both immuno-stimulatory and -inhibitory gene expression.
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Da Silva C, Wagner C, Bonnardel J, Gorvel JP, Lelouard H. The Peyer's Patch Mononuclear Phagocyte System at Steady State and during Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1254. [PMID: 29038658 PMCID: PMC5630697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut represents a potential entry site for a wide range of pathogens including protozoa, bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Consequently, it is protected by one of the largest and most diversified population of immune cells of the body. Its surveillance requires the constant sampling of its encounters by dedicated sentinels composed of follicles and their associated epithelium located in specialized area. In the small intestine, Peyer’s patches (PPs) are the most important of these mucosal immune response inductive sites. Through several mechanisms including transcytosis by specialized epithelial cells called M-cells, access to the gut lumen is facilitated in PPs. Although antigen sampling is critical to the initiation of the mucosal immune response, pathogens have evolved strategies to take advantage of this permissive gateway to enter the host and disseminate. It is, therefore, critical to decipher the mechanisms that underlie both host defense and pathogen subversive strategies in order to develop new mucosal-based therapeutic approaches. Whereas penetration of pathogens through M cells has been well described, their fate once they have reached the subepithelial dome (SED) remains less well understood. Nevertheless, it is clear that the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) plays a critical role in handling these pathogens. MPS members, including both dendritic cells and macrophages, are indeed strongly enriched in the SED, interact with M cells, and are necessary for antigen presentation to immune effector cells. This review focuses on recent advances, which have allowed distinguishing the different PP mononuclear phagocyte subsets. It gives an overview of their diversity, specificity, location, and functions. Interaction of PP phagocytes with the microbiota and the follicle-associated epithelium as well as PP infection studies are described in the light of these new criteria of PP phagocyte identification. Finally, known alterations affecting the different phagocyte subsets during PP stimulation or infection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camille Wagner
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Johnny Bonnardel
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialisation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Hugues Lelouard
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
The aim of this review is to provide a coherent framework for understanding dendritic cells (DCs). It has seven sections. The introduction provides an overview of the immune system and essential concepts, particularly for the nonspecialist reader. Next, the “History” section outlines the early evolution of ideas about DCs and highlights some sources of confusion that still exist today. The “Lineages” section then focuses on five different populations of DCs: two subsets of “classical” DCs, plasmacytoid DCs, monocyte-derived DCs, and Langerhans cells. It highlights some cellular and molecular specializations of each, and also notes other DC subsets that have been proposed. The following “Tissues” section discusses the distribution and behavior of different DC subsets within nonlymphoid and secondary lymphoid tissues that are connected by DC migration pathways between them. In the “Tolerance” section, the role of DCs in central and peripheral tolerance is considered, including their ability to drive the differentiation of different populations of regulatory T cells. In contrast, the “Immunity” section considers the roles of DCs in sensing of infection and tissue damage, the initiation of primary responses, the T-cell effector phase, and the induction of immunological memory. The concluding section provides some speculative ideas about the evolution of DCs. It also revisits earlier concepts of generation of diversity and clonal selection in terms of DCs driving the evolution of T-cell responses. Throughout, this review highlights certain areas of uncertainty and suggests some avenues for future investigation.
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