Role(s) of IL-2 inducible T cell kinase and Bruton's tyrosine kinase in mast cell response to lipopolysaccharide

Mast cell activation by NGF drives the formation of trauma-induced heterotopic ossification

Soft tissue trauma can cause immune system disturbance and neuropathological invasion, resulting in heterotopic ossification (HO) due to aberrant chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the molecular mechanisms behind the interaction between the immune and nervous systems in promoting HO pathogenesis are unclear. In this study, we found that mast cell-specific deletion attenuated localized tissue inflammation, with marked inhibition of HO endochondral osteogenesis. Likewise, blockage of nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor, known as tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), led to similar attenuations in tissue inflammation and HO. Moreover, while NGF/TrkA signaling did not directly affect MSCs chondrogenic differentiation, it modulated mast cell activation in traumatic soft tissue. Mechanistically, lipid A in LPS binding to TrkA enhanced NGF-induced TrkA phosphorylation, synergistically stimulating mast cells to release neurotrophin-3 (NT3), thereby promoting MSC chondrogenic differentiation in situ. Finally, analysis of single-cell datasets and human pathological specimens confirmed the important role of mast cell-mediated neuroinflammation in HO pathogenesis. In conclusion, NGF regulates mast cells in soft tissue trauma and drives HO progression via paracrine NT3. Targeted early inhibition of mast cells holds substantial promise for treating traumatic HO.

IL-10 Combined with NGAL Has Diagnostic Value for AECOPD Combined with AKI

Background

In patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI) has an acute onset and seriously affects the prognosis of patients. The inflammatory factors are still in doubt in the diagnosis of AECOPD with AKI.

Material and Methods

This study is a retrospective study. By collecting the plasma concentrations of inflammatory factors IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, and NGAL in patients with AECOPD group, AECOPD plus AKI group, and control group. The expression level of each factor among the three different groups was analyzed, and the correlation of each factor was analyzed. The diagnostic value of each factor in patients with AECOPD combined with AKI was tested.

Results

A total of 245 cases of AECOPD, 69 cases of AECOPD with AKI, and 50 healthy control group were included in this study. IFN-γ and IL-4 were differentially expressed among the three groups (P <0.001). However, there was no difference between the AECOPD group and the AECOPD + AKI group (P = 0.153, and 0.070, respectively). The expression of IL-2, IL-10, IL-17, and NGAL in the three groups were different, and there are statistical differences in pairwise comparisons. (all P values are <0.001). The univariate analysis showed that NGAL and IL-10 with the best correlation (r = 0.696). The ROC curve shows that IL-10 and NGAL have better diagnostic value for AECOPD with AKI.

Conclusion

The inflammatory factor IL-10 combined with NGAL has a better diagnostic value for AECOPD with AKI.