Association of genetic variants in RETN, NAMPT and ADIPOQ gene with glycemic, metabolic traits and diabetes risk in a Chinese population

Variants in GHRL, RETN, and PLIN1 are associated with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, and influence food consumption in adults with obesity

Genetic and environmental factors have important role in the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic diseases. We hypothesized that genes involved in energy intake, cellular lipid metabolism and pro-inflammatory adipokines influence obesity-related metabolic disturbances and food intake. We explored the association of GHRL (rs26311G>C and rs4684677A>T), PLIN1 (rs2289487G>A and rs894160G>A), RETN (rs3745367C>T and rs7408174G>A), and NAMPT (rs1319501T>C) variants with obesity, metabolic and inflammatory markers, and food intake composition. Clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory data were obtained from 237 adults. Genomic DNA was extracted and genetic variants were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Food intake was assessed in 81 subjects with obesity, who underwent a 9-week nutritional orientation program. Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted by covariates showed association of GHRL rs26311-G and rs4684677-A alleles with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and/or metabolic syndrome (P < .05), and RETN rs7408174-C allele with risk of T2D and obesity (P < .05). Covariate-adjusted multivariate linear regression analysis showed association of PLIN1 rs894160-G allele with increased waist-to-hip ratio (P = .003). The nutritional orientation program reduced carbohydrate and total fat intake, in subjects with obesity (P < .05). Analysis of basal data revealed associations of PLIN1 rs894160-G with increased body mass index, PLIN1 rs2289487-A with reduced intake of total fat, monosaturated fatty acids and cholesterol, and RETN rs3745367-A with increased intake of protein and saturated fatty acids (P < .05). GHRL rs26311-G was associated with increased postprogram protein intake (P = .044). In conclusion, variants in GHRL, RETN, and PLIN1 are associated with obesity, T2D, metabolic syndrome, and increased waist-to-hip ratio, and influence food consumption in adults with obesity.

Correlation Analysis of NAMPT rs61330082 Polymorphism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Combined with Hypertension

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate the association of Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) rs61330082 polymorphism with co-morbid hypertension (HTN) and the progression of hypertension in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

A total of 453 T2DM patients were genotyped for the polymorphism of rs61330082 using SNP-scan high-throughput technology. These patients were divided into T2DM group (261 patients) and T2DM combined with hypertension group (T2MH, 192 patients). The T2MH group was further categorized into Grade I, Grade II, and Grade III based on the results of the Hypertension Grade Score. Peripheral blood plasma urea, plasma creatinine, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) indexes, and lipid biochemistry indexes were measured in patients and analyzed in relation to NAMTP polymorphisms.

Results

We found that the presence of the NAMPT rs61330082-AA genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing higher-grade hypertension in patients with T2MH. In addition, the A allele of the NAMPT rs61330082 gene displayed more associated in developing a higher grade of hypertension compared to the G allele. Also, the level of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) increased with hypertension grade in the NAMPT rs61330082-GG genotype.

Conclusion

NAMPT rs61330082 polymorphism was significantly associated with the progression of hypertension grade in T2MH patients and also affected plasma creatinine and LDL-c levels.

Immune-Related Genes can Serve as Potential Biomarkers for Predicting Severe Acute Pancreatitis

We aimed to investigate immune-related candidate genes for predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). RNA sequencing profile GSE194331 was downloaded, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were investigated. Meanwhile, the infiltration of immune cells in AP were assessed using CIBERSORT. Genes related with the infiltration of immune cells were investigated using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Furthermore, immune subtypes, micro-environment, and DEGs between immune subtypes were explored. Immune-related genes, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and functional enrichment analysis were further performed. Overall, 2533 DEGs between AP and healthy controls were obtained. After trend cluster analysis, 411 upregulated and 604 downregulated genes were identified. Genes involved in two modules were significantly positively related to neutrophils and negatively associated with T cells CD4 memory resting, with correlation coefficient more than 0.7. Then, 39 common immune-related genes were obtained, and 56 GO BP were enriched these genes, including inflammatory response, immune response, and innate immune response; 10 KEGG pathways were enriched, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, and IL-17 signaling pathway. Genes, including S100A12, MMP9, IL18, S100A8, HCK, S100A9, RETN, OSM, FGR, CAMP, were selected as genes with top 10 degree in PPI, and the expression levels of these genes increased gradually in subjects of healthy, mild, moderately severe, and severe AP. Our findings indicate a central role of immune-related genes in predicting the severity of AP, and the hub genes involved in PPI represent logical candidates for further study.

Functionally Significant Variants in Genes Associated with Abdominal Obesity: A Review

The high prevalence of obesity and of its associated diseases is a major problem worldwide. Genetic predisposition and the influence of environmental factors contribute to the development of obesity. Changes in the structure and functional activity of genes encoding adipocytokines are involved in the predisposition to weight gain and obesity. In this review, variants in genes associated with adipocyte function are examined, as are variants in genes associated with metabolic aberrations and the accompanying disorders in visceral obesity.

Integrated Analysis of Crucial Genes and miRNAs Associated with Osteoporotic Fracture of Type 2 Diabetes

Purpose. The aim of this study is to explore pathological mechanisms of bone fragility in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods. Identifying common genes for T2DM and osteoporosis by taking the intersection is shared by the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), DISEASES, and GeneCards databases. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified by analyzing the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE35958, GSE43950, and GSE70318). FunRich and miRNet were applied to predict potential upstream transcription factors and downstream target genes of candidate DEMs, respectively. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to explore potential mechanisms using Metascape. Eventually, a miRNA-gene network was constructed by Cytoscape software. Results. 271 common targets and 35 common DEGs between T2DM and osteoporosis were screened out in the above databases, and a total of ten DEMs were obtained in the GSE70318. SP1 was predicted to potentially regulate most of the DEMs. Enrichment analysis showed the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications may play an important role in diabetic skeletal fragility. Two genes (NAMPT and IGFBP5) were considered as key genes involving in the development of diabetic osteoporosis. Through the construction of the miRNA-gene network, most of the hub genes were found to be potentially modulated by miR-96-5p and miR-7-5p. Conclusion. The study uncovered several important genes, miRNAs, and pathological mechanisms involved in diabetic skeletal fragility, among which the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications may play important roles.

Polymorphisms analysis for association between ADIPO signaling pathway and genetic susceptibility to T2DM in Chinese han population

The aim of the present study is to explored the relationship between ADIPO signalling pathway and T2DM, to provide clues for further study of the pathogenesis of T2DM and to determine the possible drug targets. This study employed a case-control study design. Twenty-three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 13 genes in the selected ADIPO signalling pathway were genotyped by SNPscan^TM kit. All statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 25.0, PLINK 1.07, R 2.14.2, Haploview 4.2, SNPstats, and other statistical software packages. In the association analysis based on a single SNPs, rs1044471 had statistical significance in the overdominant model without adjusting covariates. Rs1042531 had statistical significance in the overdominant model. Rs12718444 had statistical significance in the recessive model. There was a linkage disequilibrium between the loci within 9 genes, and the two loci in RXRA gene did not form blocks. Four kernel functions were used for SNPs set analysis based on ADIPO signalling pathway showed that there was no statistical significance whether covariates were added or not, P>0.05.According to our research results, it is found that some single nucleotide polymorphisms (ADIPOR2 rs1044471, PCK1 rs1042531, GLUT1 rs12718444) in the adiponectin signalling pathway may be associated with T2DM

A nomogram for predicting metabolic steatohepatitis: The combination of NAMPT, RALGDS, GADD45B, FOSL2, RTP3, and RASD1

Objective

To identify differentially expressed and clinically significant mRNAs and construct a potential prediction model for metabolic steatohepatitis (MASH).

Method

We downloaded four microarray datasets, GSE89632, GSE24807, GSE63067, and GSE48452, from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis were performed to screen significant genes. Finally, we constructed a nomogram of six hub genes in predicting MASH and assessed it through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA). In addition, qRT-PCR was used for relative quantitative detection of RNA in QSG-7011 cells to further verify the expression of the selected mRNA in fatty liver cells.

Results

Based on common DEGs and brown and yellow modules, seven hub genes were identified, which were NAMPT, PHLDA1, RALGDS, GADD45B, FOSL2, RTP3, and RASD1. After logistic regression analysis, six hub genes were used to establish the nomogram, which were NAMPT, RALGDS, GADD45B, FOSL2, RTP3, and RASD1. The area under the ROC of the nomogram was 0.897. The DCA showed that when the threshold probability of MASH was 0–0.8, the prediction model was valuable to GSE48452. In QSG-7011 fatty liver model cells, the relative expression levels of NAMPT, GADD45B, FOSL2, RTP3, RASD1 and RALGDS were lower than the control group.

Conclusion

We identified seven hub genes NAMPT, PHLDA1, RALGDS, GADD45B, FOSL2, RTP3, and RASD1. The nomogram showed good performance in the prediction of MASH and it had clinical utility in distinguishing MASH from simple steatosis.

[Association of polymorphisms of genes TCF7L2, FABP2, KCNQ1, ADIPOQ with the prognosis of the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus]

AIM

To study the possibility of using polymorphisms of genesTCF7L2,FABP2,KCNQ1,ADIPOQas markers for predicting the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in the population of Novosibirsk.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

On the basis of prospective observation of a representative population sample of residents of Novosibirsk (HAPIEE), 2 groups were formed according to the case-control principle (case people who had diabetes mellitus 2 over 10 years of observation, and control people who did not developed disorders of carbohydrate metabolism). T2D group (n=443, mean age 56.26.7 years, men 29.6%, women 70.4%), control group (n=532, mean age 56.17.1 years, men 32.7%, women 67.3%). DNA was isolated by phenol-chloroform extraction. Genotyping was performed by the method of polymerase chain reaction with subsequent analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism, polymerase chain reaction in real time. Statistical processing was carried out using the SPSS 16.0 software package.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

No significant effect of rs1799883 of theFABP2gene, rs2237892 of theKCNQ1gene, and rs6773957 of theADIPOQgene on the risk of developing T2D was found. Genotypes TT and TC rs7903146 of theTCF7L2gene are genotypes for the risk of developing T2D (relative risk RR 3.90, 95% confidence interval CI 2.316.61,p0.001; RR 1.86, 95% CI 1.422.43,p0.001, respectively). The CC genotype rs7903146 of theTCF7L2gene is associated with a protective effect against T2D (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.290.49,p0.001). When theTCF7L2gene is included in the model for assessing the risk of developing T2D rs7903146, it retains its significance in both men and women.

CONCLUSION

The rs7903146 polymorphism of theTCF7L2gene confirmed its association with the prognosis of the development of T2D, which indicates the possibility of considering it as a candidate for inclusion in a diabetes risk meter. Variants of risk meters have been developed to assess the prognosis of the development of diabetes mellitus 2 in men and women aged 4569 years during 10 years of follow-up. The association with the prognosis of the development of T2D polymorphisms rs1799883 of theFABP2gene, rs2237892 of theKCNQ1gene and rs6773957 of theADIPOQgene was not found.

Significant association between RETN genetic polymorphisms and alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head

BACKGROUND

Alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) is a complex disease and genetic factors are one of the causes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of RETN (resistin; OMIM: 605565) and LDLR (low density lipoprotein receptor; OMIM: 606945) polymorphisms on the risk of alcohol-induced ONFH in Chinese Han population.

METHODS

A case-control study including 201 patients and 201 controls was designed. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RETN gene and four SNPs in LDLR gene were genotyped using Agena MassARRAY platform. In allele model and genetic model, chi-square test and logistic regression were used to study the associations between these SNPs and ONFH susceptibility. In addition, the relationships between these SNPs, clinical phenotypes, and blood lipid level with one-way analysis of variance were analyzed.

RESULTS

In the allele model, rs7408174 and rs3745369 in RETN were associated with increased risk of alcohol-induced ONFH, whereas rs34861192 and rs3219175 in RETN showed reduced risk of alcohol-induced ONFH. In the genetic model, rs7408174 was associated with increased risk of alcohol-induced ONFH in dominant model and log-additive model. Rs3745369 showed an increased risk in codominant model, recessive model, and log-additive model. Rs34861192 showed a decreased risk in codominant model, dominant model, and log-additive model, and rs3219175 showed a decreased risk in dominant model and log-additive model. The rs3745368 in RETN was associated with the clinical stage of the disease.

CONCLUSION

These results suggest that RETN genetic polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility of alcohol-induced ONFH in Chinese Han population.