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Anand A, Tyagi R, Khosla R, Bali P, Rain M, Maity K, Verma P, Gupta SJ, Nadholta P, Kaur N, Sharma K, Tripathi S, Avti P, Singh A. Integrative Approach to COVID-19: An Indian Facebook Recipe for Mental Health. Ann Neurosci 2022; 28:183-190. [PMID: 35341237 PMCID: PMC8948334 DOI: 10.1177/09727531211052971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has given the world a big blow and has forced the entire world to develop a new thought process. To cope with the stress of lockdown, it was important for people to indulge in educational and health activities to save them from the threats being caused by the news and social media. A Facebook page named Yoga scholars Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) was created where three sessions were held per day for 225 days regularly. This activity resulted in people adopting an integrative approach towards alternative medicine. This also made possible a trial of Ashwagandha for COVID-19 treatment by the Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH) ministry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Anand
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
- Centre for Mind Body Interventions through Yoga (CCRYN), PGIMER, Chandigarh
| | - Rahul Tyagi
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Radhika Khosla
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Parul Bali
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manjari Rain
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kalyan Maity
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Yoga, Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Union Yoga Ayurveda, Singapore
| | - Prashant Verma
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sheetal J Gupta
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Yoga, Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Union Yoga Ayurveda, Singapore
| | - Pooja Nadholta
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kiran Sharma
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Satyam Tripathi
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Amit Singh
- Department of Yoga, Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Union Yoga Ayurveda, Singapore
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Rain M, Subramaniam B, Avti P, Mahajan P, Anand A. Can Yogic Breathing Techniques Like Simha Kriya and Isha Kriya Regulate COVID-19-Related Stress? Front Psychol 2021; 12:635816. [PMID: 33935886 PMCID: PMC8081973 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.635816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The global impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is tremendous on human life, not only affecting the physical and mental health of population but also impacting the economic system of countries and individual itself. The present situation demands prompt response toward COVID-19 by equipping the humans with strategies to overcome the infection and stress associated with it. These strategies must not only be limited to preventive and therapeutic measures, but also aim at improving immunity and mental health. This can be achieved by yogic breathing techniques. In this perspective, we emphasize the importance of yogic breathing, Simha Kriya and Isha kriya, the simple yet effective breathing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Rain
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Balachundhar Subramaniam
- Center for Anesthesia Research Excellence, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pramod Avti
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pranay Mahajan
- Department of Hospital Administration, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akshay Anand
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.,Centre for Mind Body Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.,Centre of Phenomenology and Cognitive Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Nagarathna R, Anand A, Rain M, Srivastava V, Sivapuram MS, Kulkarni R, Ilavarasu J, Sharma MNK, Singh A, Nagendra HR. Yoga Practice Is Beneficial for Maintaining Healthy Lifestyle and Endurance Under Restrictions and Stress Imposed by Lockdown During COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:613762. [PMID: 34239456 PMCID: PMC8257944 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.613762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncertainty about Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and resulting lockdown caused widespread panic, stress, and anxiety. Yoga is a known practice that reduces stress and anxiety and may enhance immunity. This study aimed to (1) investigate that including Yoga in daily routine is beneficial for physical and mental health, and (2) to evaluate lifestyle of Yoga practitioners that may be instrumental in coping with stress associated with lockdown. This is a pan-India cross-sectional survey study, which was conducted during the lockdown. A self-rated scale, COVID Health Assessment Scale (CHAS), was designed by 11 experts in 3 Delphi rounds (Content valid ratio = 0.85) to evaluate the physical health, mental health, lifestyle, and coping skills of the individuals. The survey was made available digitally using Google forms and collected 23,760 CHAS responses. There were 23,290 valid responses (98%). After the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria of yogic practices, the respondents were categorized into the Yoga (n = 9,840) and Non-Yoga (n = 3,377) groups, who actively practiced Yoga during the lockdown in India. The statistical analyses were performed running logistic and multinomial regression and calculating odds ratio estimation using R software version 4.0.0. The non-Yoga group was more likely to use substances and unhealthy food and less likely to have good quality sleep. Yoga practitioners reported good physical ability and endurance. Yoga group also showed less anxiety, stress, fear, and having better coping strategies than the non-Yoga group. The Yoga group displayed striking and superior ability to cope with stress and anxiety associated with lockdown and COVID-19. In the Yoga group, participants performing meditation reportedly had relatively better mental health. Yoga may lead to risk reduction of COVID-19 by decreasing stress and improving immunity if specific yoga protocols are implemented through a global public health initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuram Nagarathna
- Divison of Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - Akshay Anand
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.,Centre for Mind Body Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.,Centre of Phenomenology and Cognitive Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manjari Rain
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vinod Srivastava
- College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Fort Hays State University, Hays, KS, United States
| | - Madhava Sai Sivapuram
- Department of General Medicine, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Chinna-Avutapalli, India
| | - Ravi Kulkarni
- Division of Yoga and Physical Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - Judu Ilavarasu
- Division of Yoga and Physical Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - Manjunath N K Sharma
- Divison of Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Divison of Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
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Sivapuram MS, Nagarathna R, Anand A, Patil S, Singh A, Nagendra HR. Prevalence of Alcohol and Tobacco Use in India and Implications for COVID-19 - Niyantrita Madhumeha Bharata Study Projections. J Med Life 2020; 13:499-509. [PMID: 33456598 PMCID: PMC7803324 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2020-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abuse of legal substances in India includes alcohol and tobacco, which are the major risk factors for various non-communicable diseases and deaths. The current pandemic has identified tobacco consumption as a risk factor for COVID-19, highlighting the need to control substance abuse. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of substance abuse in India and discuss the cost-effective public health strategies (such as yoga) to alleviate COVID-related anxiety in order to prevent substance abuse and its associated co-morbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study reports the data on tobacco and alcohol abuse from a nationwide randomized two-arm diabetes control trial (Niyantrita Madhumeha Bharata, 2017) conducted by the Indian Yoga Association (IYA) through Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Bengaluru. Data of 30,354 participants who abuse tobacco and 30,159 participants who abuse alcohol were collected all over India. The prevalence is estimated at around 8.7% for alcohol abuse and 7.9% for tobacco abuse, Arunachal Pradesh state ranking the highest regarding both alcohol and tobacco abuse, while the Tripura state ranked the lowest. School and college-based mandatory yoga programs need to be implemented to prevent the increase of substance abuse in India to alleviate the psychosocial stress of adolescents and college-going students, besides the installation of the mindfulness-based diabetes yoga protocol (DYP) in the wellness centers of Ayushman Bharat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhava Sai Sivapuram
- Department of General Medicine, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Chinna-Avutapalli, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Raghuram Nagarathna
- Department of Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - Akshay Anand
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Suchitra Patil
- Department of Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
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Mishra A, Podder V, Modgil S, Khosla R, Anand A, Nagarathna R, Malhotra R, Nagendra HR. Higher Perceived Stress and Poor Glycemic Changes in Prediabetics and Diabetics Among Indian Population. J Med Life 2020; 13:132-137. [PMID: 32742503 PMCID: PMC7378337 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2019-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with significant co-morbidities and healthcare burdens. Many large studies have investigated the association between perceived stress and DM; however, none investigated this in a larger Indian population. We hypothesized stress as one of the reasons for the progression of people with prediabetes into DM. The present study was, therefore, planned to report on associations between perceived stress and blood glucose markers stratified by diabetic status. The current descriptive study was a subset analysis of the nationwide cross-sectional survey, conducted in all Indian zones under the National Multicentric Diabetes Control Program. The study examined the perceived stress levels using a perceived stress scale (PSS-10) in people with prediabetes (n=649) and DM (n=485) and then segregated them into three categories (minimum, moderate, and severe). Blood glucose markers (fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and HbA1c) were evaluated to report their association with the perceived stress. The study revealed a significantly higher HbA1c level in people with prediabetes, particularly those with severe perceived stress (6.12 ± 0.27) compared to other categories. Those with DM had a higher fasting blood glucose level, particularly with severe perceived stress (239.28 ± 99.52). An increased HbA1c level is noted in severely stressed people with prediabetes, requiring a comprehensive analysis with a longitudinal study of the role of perceived stress in the progression of prediabetes into DM. Additionally, higher fasting blood glucose levels in patients with DM and severe perceived stress suggests the need for establishing comprehensive diabetic care inclusive of stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Mishra
- Department of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, India
| | - Vivek Podder
- Department of General Medicine, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, Nalgonda, India
| | - Shweta Modgil
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Radhika Khosla
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akshay Anand
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Raghuram Nagarathna
- Department of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, India
| | - Rama Malhotra
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Mathur D, Anand A, Srivastava V, Patil SS, Singh A, Rajesh SK, Nagendra HR, Nagarathna R. Depression in High-Risk Type 2 Diabetes Adults. Ann Neurosci 2020; 27:204-213. [PMID: 34556961 PMCID: PMC8455004 DOI: 10.1177/0972753121990181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients suffering from diabetes mellitus are two to three times more vulnerable to develop depressive symptomatology. PURPOSE To report the association between depression and high-risk diabetes in India. METHODS A total of 1,606 adults were recruited for the study. A patient health questionnaire was used to determine the depression on the basis of score. A statistical analysis was done using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and binary logistic regression to determine the association between diabetes categories and four degrees of depression. RESULTS Out of 1,606 participants, 52.6% were males and 47.4% were females, 56.4% belonged to the urban area and 43.6% to the rural area. However, 19.5% (314) had diabetes; 29.1% of diabetes individuals had minimal depression, 38.7% had mild, 17.2% moderate, 12.0% moderately severe, and 3.1% had severe depression. In the self-reported diabetic participant group (N = 142), there was a significantly higher degree of severe depression (3.3%) in the uncontrolled group (HbA1c >7%) as compared to the well-controlled diabetes group (HbA1c <7%). ANCOVA in gender differences in the uncontrolled diabetes group showed that male gender had significantly (P = -.02) higher mean scores of depression. CONCLUSION This study found that there is a positive association between depression and uncontrolled diabetes in male gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Mathur
- Department of Neurology, Apollo Hospitals, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Akshay Anand
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Lab, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Vinod Srivastava
- College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, USA
| | - Suchitra S. Patil
- Department of Yoga and Life Science, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Kempegowda Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Yoga and Life Science, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Kempegowda Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - SK Rajesh
- Department of Yoga and Life Science, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Kempegowda Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - HR Nagendra
- Department of Yoga and Life Science, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Kempegowda Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghuram Nagarathna
- Department of Arogyadhama, Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (VYASA), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Sharma K, Battu P, Anand A, Nagarathna R, Kaur N, Malik N, Singh A, Nagendra HR. Management of Type II Diabetes by Modulating the Modifiable Risk Factors: A Future Roadmap for Prevention of Cerebrovascular Complications. Ann Neurosci 2020; 27:266-272. [PMID: 34556967 PMCID: PMC8455006 DOI: 10.1177/09727531211000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) is a screening tool for quantifying the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) development in the Indian population. The present study has evaluated the level of risk of developing DM in Chandigarh and Panchkula based on the IDRS score. Methods: As a part of a national diabetes control trial funded by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) and the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, 1,916 participants from the Chandigarh and Panchkula regions were assessed for the risk of developing DM. Risk assessment was done on the basis of the IDRS score which includes age, family history, waist circumference, and physical activity as its contributing factors. Participants with an IDRS score <30 were in the low-risk category, those with 30 to 50 were in the moderate-risk category, and those with >60 were in the high-risk category for DM. Results: Out of the 1,916 screened respondents (59.86% females and 40.14% males), 894 participants (46.65%) were at a high risk for DM (IDRS >60), 764 (39.87%) were at a moderate risk (IDRS = 30–60), and 258 (13.46%) were at a low risk (IDRS <30). Waist circumference contributed to 35.90% of the high-risk category followed by age (19.67%) and physical activity (11.67%). Age and waist circumference also showed a strong correlation with the total IDRS score. Conclusion: The Chandigarh and Panchkula population showed a high tendency to develop DM based on the IDRS score. Modifiable risk factors such as waist circumference and physical activity were the major contributing factors. Apart from the modifiable risk factors, age was also another major contributing risk factor. Based on these outcomes, lifestyle modifications like yoga and exercise can be proposed for this population as a preventive approach to reduce the risk of developing DM and other associated cerebrovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanupriya Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Lab, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.,These contributed equally to this work
| | - Priya Battu
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Lab, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.,These contributed equally to this work
| | - Akshay Anand
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Lab, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.,Centre for Mind-Body Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.,Centre for Cognitive Sciences and Phenomenology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Raghuram Nagarathna
- VYASA Arogyadhama, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Physical Education, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neeru Malik
- Dev Samaj College of Education, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
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