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Bo Y, Jägermeyr J, Yin Z, Jiang Y, Xu J, Liang H, Zhou F. Global benefits of non-continuous flooding to reduce greenhouse gases and irrigation water use without rice yield penalty. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:3636-3650. [PMID: 35170831 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-continuous flooding is an effective practice for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and irrigation water use (IRR) in rice fields. However, advancing global implementation is hampered by the lack of comprehensive understanding of GHGs and IRR reduction benefits without compromising rice yield. Here, we present the largest observational data set for such effects as of yet. By using Random Forest regression models based on 636 field trials at 105 globally georeferenced sites, we identified the key drivers of effects of non-continuous flooding practices and mapped maximum GHGs or IRR reduction benefits under optimal non-continuous flooding strategies. The results show that variation in effects of non-continuous flooding practices are primarily explained by the UnFlooded days Ratio (UFR, that is the ratio of the number of days without standing water in the field to total days of the growing period). Non-continuous flooding practices could be feasible to be adopted in 76% of global rice harvested areas. This would reduce the global warming potential (GWP) of CH4 and N2 O combined from rice production by 47% or the total GWP by 7% and alleviate IRR by 25%, while maintaining yield levels. The identified UFR targets far exceed currently observed levels particularly in South and Southeast Asia, suggesting large opportunities for climate mitigation and water use conservation, associated with the rigorous implementation of non-continuous flooding practices in global rice cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bo
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jonas Jägermeyr
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zun Yin
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junzeng Xu
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Liang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Helping feed the world with rice innovations: CGIAR research adoption and socioeconomic impact on farmers. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2022; 33:100628. [PMID: 35784265 PMCID: PMC9231551 DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2022.100628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rice production has increased significantly with the efforts of international research centers and national governments in the past five decades. Nonetheless, productivity improvement still needs to accelerate in the coming years to feed the growing population that depends on rice for calories and nutrients. This challenge is compounded by the increasing scarcity of natural resources such as water and farmland. This article reviews 17 ex-post impact assessment studies published from 2016 to 2021 on rice varieties, agronomic practices, institutional arrangements, information and communication technologies, and post-harvest technologies used by rice farmers. From the review of these selected studies, we found that stress-tolerant varieties in Asia and Africa significantly increased rice yield and income. Additionally, institutional innovations, training, and natural resource management practices, such as direct-seeded rice, rodent control, and iron-toxicity removal, have had a considerable positive effect on smallholder rice farmers’ economic well-being (income and rice yield). Additional positive impacts are expected from the important uptake of stress-tolerant varieties documented in several Asian, Latin American, and African countries. The study reviews ex-post impact assessment studies on improved rice varieties. Articles were published between 2016 and 2021. Stress-tolerant varieties significantly affect rice yields and income of smallholders. Institutional innovations and training programs show impact on income and rice yields. Direct-seeded rice, rodent control, and iron-toxicity removal significantly affect economic well-being.
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Jiang P, Xu F, Zhang L, Liu M, Xiong H, Guo X, Zhu Y, Zhou X. Impact of tillage and crop establishment methods on rice yields in a rice-ratoon rice cropping system in Southwest China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18421. [PMID: 34531436 PMCID: PMC8445942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simplified cultivation methods for rice production offer considerable social, economic, and environmental benefits. However, limited information is available on yield components of rice grown using simplified cultivation methods in a rice-ratoon rice cropping system. A field experiment using two hybrid and two inbred rice cultivars was conducted to compare four cultivation methods (conventional tillage and transplanting, CTTP; conventional tillage and direct seeding, CTDS; no-tillage and transplanting, NTTP; no-tillage and direct seeding, NTDS) in a rice-ratoon rice system from 2017 to 2020. Main season yields for CTDS and NTDS were higher than for CTTP by 6.1% and 2.8%, respectively; whereas ratoon season yields for CTDS and NTDS were equal to or higher than for CTTP. Annual grain yields for CTDS and NTDS were higher than for CTTP by 4.4% and 3.2%, respectively. The higher CTDS and NTDS yields were associated with higher panicle numbers per m2 and biomass production. Rice hybrids had higher yields than inbred cultivars by 15.8–19.3% for main season and by 15.6–19.4% for ratoon season, which was attributed to long growth duration, high grain weight and biomass production. Our results suggest that CTTP can be replaced by CTDS and NTDS to maintain high grain yields and save labor costs. Developing cultivars with high grain weight could be a feasible approach to achieve high rice yields in the rice-ratoon rice cropping system in southwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Deyang, 618000, China. .,Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, 611130, China.
| | - Fuxian Xu
- Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Deyang, 618000, China. .,Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, 611130, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Deyang, 618000, China
| | - Mao Liu
- Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Deyang, 618000, China
| | - Hong Xiong
- Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Deyang, 618000, China
| | - Xiaoyi Guo
- Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Deyang, 618000, China
| | - Yongchuan Zhu
- Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Deyang, 618000, China
| | - Xingbing Zhou
- Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Deyang, 618000, China
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Saito K, Six J, Komatsu S, Snapp S, Rosenstock T, Arouna A, Cole S, Taulya G, Vanlauwe B. Agronomic gain: Definition, approach, and application. FIELD CROPS RESEARCH 2021; 270:108193. [PMID: 34366552 PMCID: PMC8326246 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Meeting future global staple crop demand requires continual productivity improvement. Many performance indicators have been proposed to track and measure the increase in productivity while minimizing environmental degradation. However, their use has lagged behind theory, and has not been uniform across crops in different geographies. The consequence is an uneven understanding of opportunities for sustainable intensification. Simple but robust key performance indicators (KPIs) are needed to standardize knowledge across crops and geographies. This paper defines a new term 'agronomic gain' based on an improvement in KPIs, including productivity, resource use efficiencies, and soil health that a specific single or combination of agronomic practices delivers under certain environmental conditions. We apply the concept of agronomic gain to the different stages of science-based agronomic innovations and provide a description of different approaches used to assess agronomic gain including yield gap assessment, meta-data analysis, on-station and on-farm studies, impact assessment, panel studies, and use of subnational and national statistics for assessing KPIs at different stages. We mainly focus on studies on rice in sub-Saharan Africa, where large yield gaps exist. Rice is one of the most important staple food crops and plays an essential role in food security in this region. Our analysis identifies major challenges in the assessment of agronomic gain, including differentiating agronomic gain from genetic gain, unreliable in-person interviews, and assessment of some KPIs at a larger scale. To overcome these challenges, we suggest to (i) conduct multi-environment trials for assessing variety × agronomic practice × environment interaction on KPIs, and (ii) develop novel approaches for assessing KPIs, through development of indirect methods using remote-sensing technology, mobile devices for systematized site characterization, and establishment of empirical relationships among KPIs or between agronomic practices and KPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Saito
- Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 B.P. 2551, Bouaké 01, Cote d’Ivoire
| | - Johan Six
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Shota Komatsu
- Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 B.P. 2551, Bouaké 01, Cote d’Ivoire
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Japan
| | - Sieglinde Snapp
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Todd Rosenstock
- Center for International Forestry Research-World Agroforestry, P.O. Box 30677-00100, UN Avenue, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Aminou Arouna
- Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 B.P. 2551, Bouaké 01, Cote d’Ivoire
| | - Steven Cole
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.O. Box 34441, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Godfrey Taulya
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.O. Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bernard Vanlauwe
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, c/o Icipe, Kasarani, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Ye T, Zhang J, Li J, Lu J, Ren T, Cong R, Lu Z, Li X. Nitrogen/potassium interactions increase rice yield by improving canopy performance. Food Energy Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tinghong Ye
- College of Resources and Environment Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
- Microelement Research Center Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Jianglin Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
- Microelement Research Center Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Resources and Environment Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
- Microelement Research Center Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- College of Resources and Environment Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
- Microelement Research Center Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Resources and Environment Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
- Microelement Research Center Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- College of Resources and Environment Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
- Microelement Research Center Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- College of Resources and Environment Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
- Microelement Research Center Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Resources and Environment Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
- Microelement Research Center Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
- Shuangshui Shuanglv Institute Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
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Chen C, van Groenigen KJ, Yang H, Hungate BA, Yang B, Tian Y, Chen J, Dong W, Huang S, Deng A, Jiang Y, Zhang W. Global warming and shifts in cropping systems together reduce China's rice production. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Marin D, Orrego-Varon M, Yanez F, Mendoza L, Garcia MA, Twyman J, Andrade R, Labarta R. Household survey data of adoption of improved varieties and management practices in rice production, Ecuador. Data Brief 2018; 18:1252-1256. [PMID: 29900301 PMCID: PMC5996945 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This article provides a description of an agricultural household survey data of rice growers collected in Ecuador between October 2014 and March 2015. The household survey was implemented using a structured questionnaire administered among 1028 households in the main rice production areas of Ecuador (i.e. Guayas, Los Rios, Manabi, and El Oro provinces). Information collected was provided by household heads (male or female) and included household and plot level data. The survey information includes household socio-demographic characteristics (e.g. age, education, gender, main economic activity, etc.), farm characteristics (e.g. farm land size, assets ownership, other crops planted, etc.), rice management practices (e.g. variety and input use, production costs, etc.), and rice production and utilization (e.g. yields, prices, sales, etc.). Additional socio-economic context variables were also recorded such as government subsidies to rice production, participation in rural organizations, and food security related questions. The dataset contains a total of 6288 variables among numeric, categorical and string variables. The dataset is shared publicly on the Harvard dataverse site and provide access to questionnaires, the complete data and a brief report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Marin
- International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Fernando Yanez
- National Agricultural Research Institute (INIAP), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Luis Mendoza
- National Agricultural Research Institute (INIAP), Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Jennifer Twyman
- International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Robert Andrade
- International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Ricardo Labarta
- International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
- Corresponding author.
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Sustainable and Low Greenhouse Gas Emitting Rice Production in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Review on the Transition from Ideality to Reality. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Contribution of improved rice varieties to poverty reduction and food security in sub-Saharan Africa. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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