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Karimi-Zarchi M, Zanbagh L, Javaheri A, Tabatabaei RS, Abbasi H, Meibodi B, Hadadan A, Bahrami R, Mirjalili SR, Neamatzadeh H. Association of Insulin-like Growth Factor-II Apa1 and MspI Polymorphisms with Intrauterine Growth Restriction Risk. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2021; 40:605-611. [PMID: 32249650 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2020.1745970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundInsulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) has a prominent role in fetal growth and development. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of IGF-II Apa1 and MspI polymorphisms with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) risk. Methods: A total of 45 infants with IUGR and 45 infants appropriate for gestational (AGA) were enrolled. Genotyping of Apa1 and MspI polymorphisms was assayed by PCR-RFLP approach. Results: The heterozygote genotype (AG) of IGF-II Apa1 CT was associated with an increased risk of IUGR. Genotypes and alleles of IGF-II MspI polymorphism had no significant association with IUGR susceptibility (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The current study suggests that IGF-II Apa1 polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of IUGR, while IGF-II MspI showed no association with IUGR. Thus, IGF-II Apa1 polymorphism could be used as a relevant molecular marker to identify the fetus at risk of developing IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Karimi-Zarchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Zanbagh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Atiyeh Javaheri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Razieh Sadat Tabatabaei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hajar Abbasi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahare Meibodi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amaneh Hadadan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Bahrami
- Neonatal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mirjalili
- Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Mother and Newborn Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Neamatzadeh
- Mother and Newborn Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetic, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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The role of genetics in fetal programming of adult cardiometabolic disease. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 13:292-299. [PMID: 34176548 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174421000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances affecting early development have broad repercussions on the individual's health during infancy and adulthood. Multiple observational studies throughout the years have shown that alterations of fetal growth are associated with increased cardiometabolic disease risks. However, the genetic component of this association only started to be investigated in the last 40 years, when single genes with distinct effects were investigated. Birth weight (BW), commonly reported as the outcome of developmental growth, has been estimated to be 20% to 60% heritable. Through Genome-Wide Association (GWA) meta-analyses, 190 different loci have been identified being associated with BW, and while many of these loci designate genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, with clear ties to fetal development, the role of others is not yet understood. In addition, due to its influence over the intrauterine environment, the maternal genotype also plays an important part in the determination of offspring BW, with the same loci having independent effects of different magnitude or even direction. There is still much to uncover regarding the genetic determinants of BW and the interactions between maternal, offspring, and even paternal genotype. To fully understand these, diverse and novel cohorts from multiple ancestries collecting extensive neonatal phenotype will be needed. This review compiles, chronologically, the main findings in the investigation of the genetics of BW.
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Chang HP, Yang SF, Wang SL, Su PH. Associations among IGF-1, IGF2, IGF-1R, IGF-2R, IGFBP-3, insulin genetic polymorphisms and central precocious puberty in girls. BMC Endocr Disord 2018; 18:66. [PMID: 30249230 PMCID: PMC6154940 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-018-0271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 coupled with growth hormone helps control timing of sexual maturation. Mutations and variants in multiple genes are associated with development or reduced risk of central precocious puberty (CPP). METHODS We assessed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IGF-1, IGF-2, IGF-3, IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R), IGF-2 receptor (IGF2R), and IGF -binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) genes, and their association with demographics and metabolic proteins in girls with CPP. Z-scores of height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were calculated with the WHO reference growth standards for children. RESULTS IGF-1 serum levels of CPP group exhibited a higher correlation with bone age, z-scores of height and weight, and luteinizing hormone (LH) than those of control group, regardless of BMI adjustment. In the CPP group, height was associated with IGF-2(3580), an adenine to guanine (A/G) SNP at position + 3580. BMI in the CPP group was associated with IGF-2(3580), IGF1R, and the combinations of [IGF-2(3580) + IGF2R], and [IGF-2(3580) + IGFBP-3]. Body weight in the CPP group was associated with the combination of [IGF-2(3580) + IGFBP-3] (p = 0.024). Weight and BMI were significantly associated with the combination of [IGF-2(3580) + IGF2R + IGFBP-3] in the CPP group. These associations were not significantly associated with z-scores of weight, height, or BMI. The distribution of these genotypes, haplotypes, and allele frequencies were similar between control and CPP groups. CONCLUSIONS These known SNPs of these IGF-1 axis genes appear to play minor roles in the risk for development of CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Pin Chang
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Zhuman, Taiwan
- The Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pen-Hua Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Number 110, Section 1, Chien-Kou North Road, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
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4
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Hăşmăşanu MG, Baizat M, Procopciuc LM, Blaga L, Văleanu MA, Drugan TC, Zaharie GC, Bolboacă SD. Serum levels and ApaI polymorphism of insulin-like growth factor 2 on intrauterine growth restriction infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 31:1470-1476. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1319921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica G. Hăşmăşanu
- Department of Neonatology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Melinda Baizat
- Department of Neonatology, Gynecology Clinic, Emergency County Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucia Maria Procopciuc
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ligia Blaga
- Department of Neonatology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mădălina A. Văleanu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tudor C. Drugan
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela C. Zaharie
- Department of Neonatology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorana D. Bolboacă
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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5
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Kadakia R, Josefson J. The Relationship of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 to Fetal Growth and Adiposity. Horm Res Paediatr 2016; 85:75-82. [PMID: 26812688 DOI: 10.1159/000443500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) is necessary for adequate human growth. Overexpression of the IGF2 gene is associated with fetal overgrowth and may play a role in the intrauterine programming of adipose tissue. As obesity in children is a major public health problem associated with early onset of comorbid metabolic diseases, identifying early life markers of obesity may serve as useful tool for counseling and implementation of preventive efforts before obesity develops. The relationship between IGF-2 and body composition is an emerging field of study and existing data are conflicting. In this review, we discuss the IGF2 gene and its function, highlight the proposed mechanisms for the effects of IGF-2 on adiposity, and examine the current literature studying the relationships between IGF-2 levels, changes within the IGF2 gene, weight, and adiposity. With additional study, IGF-2 may emerge as a useful marker of future obesity risk in infants.
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Queiroz EM, Cândido APC, Castro IM, Bastos AQA, Machado-Coelho GLL, Freitas RN. IGF2, LEPR, POMC, PPARG, and PPARGC1 gene variants are associated with obesity-related risk phenotypes in Brazilian children and adolescents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:595-602. [PMID: 25923461 PMCID: PMC4512097 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Association studies of genetic variants and obesity and/or obesity-related risk factors have yielded contradictory results. The aim of the present study was to determine the possible association of five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the IGF2, LEPR, POMC, PPARG, and PPARGC1 genes with obesity or obesity-related risk phenotypes. This case-control study assessed overweight (n=192) and normal-weight (n=211) children and adolescents. The SNPs were analyzed using minisequencing assays, and variables and genotype distributions between the groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance and Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and gender was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) for selected phenotype risks in each group. No difference in SNP distribution was observed between groups. In children, POMC rs28932472(C) was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure (P=0.001), higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P=0.014), and higher risk in overweight children of altered total cholesterol (OR=7.35, P=0.006). In adolescents, IGF2 rs680(A) was associated with higher glucose (P=0.012) and higher risk in overweight adolescents for altered insulin (OR=10.08, P=0.005) and homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (OR=6.34, P=0.010). PPARG rs1801282(G) conferred a higher risk of altered insulin (OR=12.31, P=0.003), and HOMA-IR (OR=7.47, P=0.005) in overweight adolescents. PARGC1 rs8192678(A) was associated with higher triacylglycerols (P=0.005), and LEPR rs1137101(A) was marginally associated with higher LDL cholesterol (P=0.017). LEPR rs1137101(A) conferred higher risk for altered insulin, and HOMA-IR in overweight adolescents. The associations observed in this population suggested increased risk for cardiovascular diseases and/or type 2 diabetes later in life for individuals carrying these alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Queiroz
- Departamento de Nutrição Clínica e Social, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - A P C Cândido
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - I M Castro
- Departamento de Farmácia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - A Q A Bastos
- Departamento de Nutrição Clínica e Social, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - G L L Machado-Coelho
- Escola de Medicina, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - R N Freitas
- Departamento de Nutrição Clínica e Social, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
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Gatford KL, Heinemann GK, Thompson SD, Zhang JV, Buckberry S, Owens JA, Dekker GA, Roberts CT. Circulating IGF1 and IGF2 and SNP genotypes in men and pregnant and non-pregnant women. Endocr Connect 2014; 3:138-49. [PMID: 25117571 PMCID: PMC4151385 DOI: 10.1530/ec-14-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Circulating IGFs are important regulators of prenatal and postnatal growth, and of metabolism and pregnancy, and change with sex, age and pregnancy. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes coding for these hormones associate with circulating abundance of IGF1 and IGF2 in non-pregnant adults and children, but whether this occurs in pregnancy is unknown. We therefore investigated associations of plasma IGF1 and IGF2 with age and genotype at candidate SNPs previously associated with circulating IGF1, IGF2 or methylation of the INS-IGF2-H19 locus in men (n=134), non-pregnant women (n=74) and women at 15 weeks of gestation (n=98). Plasma IGF1 concentrations decreased with age (P<0.001) and plasma IGF1 and IGF2 concentrations were lower in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women or men (each P<0.001). SNP genotypes in the INS-IGF2-H19 locus were associated with plasma IGF1 (IGF2 rs680, IGF2 rs1004446 and IGF2 rs3741204) and IGF2 (IGF2 rs1004446, IGF2 rs3741204 and H19 rs217727). In single SNP models, effects of IGF2 rs680 were similar between groups, with higher plasma IGF1 concentrations in individuals with the GG genotype when compared with GA (P=0.016), or combined GA and AA genotypes (P=0.003). SNPs in the IGF2 gene associated with IGF1 or IGF2 were in linkage disequilibrium, hence these associations could reflect other genotype variations within this region or be due to changes in INS-IGF2-H19 methylation previously associated with some of these variants. As IGF1 in early pregnancy promotes placental differentiation and function, lower IGF1 concentrations in pregnant women carrying IGF2 rs680 A alleles may affect placental development and/or risk of pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Gatford
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive HealthRobinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - G K Heinemann
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive HealthRobinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - S D Thompson
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive HealthRobinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - J V Zhang
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive HealthRobinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - S Buckberry
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive HealthRobinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - J A Owens
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive HealthRobinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - G A Dekker
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive HealthRobinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - C T Roberts
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive HealthRobinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Rashad NM, El-Shal AS, Abd Elbary EH, Abo Warda MH, Hegazy O. Impact of insulin-like growth factor 2, insulin-like growth factor receptor 2, insulin receptor substrate 2 genes polymorphisms on susceptibility and clinicopathological features of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cytokine 2014; 68:50-8. [PMID: 24656929 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) is an important autocrine and paracrine growth factor which may induce cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis leading to the transformation of normal cells into malignant cells. This study aimed to evaluate the possible roles of IGF-2, insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor (IGF-2R), and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2 genes polymorphisms in susceptibility and clinicopathological features of HCC in Egyptian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four hundred and twenty-six HCC patients and 334 controls were enrolled in the study. Polymorphisms of IGF-2+3580, IGF-2+3123, IGF-2R 1619, and IRS-2 1057 gene were detected using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Serum IGF-2 were determined using ELISA. RESULTS Serum IGF-2 levels were significantly lower in HCC patients than in healthy controls. IGF-2+3580 AA genotype, IGF-2+3123 GG genotype or G allele, IRS-2 1057 DD genotype and D allele were significantly associated with HCC risk. The combination of IGF-2+3580 AA homozygosity and IGF-2R 1619 GG homozygosity presented a significant protective effect against HCC (OR=0.16,95% CI=0. 08-0.34, P=0. 005). Serum IGF-2 concentrations were significantly increased in HCC patients with the IGF-2+3580 AA genotype. We also observed that increased alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), Child-Pugh grade, tumor size, and number of malignant lesions were accompanied by a significant increase of serum IGF-2 mean values of in HCC patients. CONCLUSION IGF-2, IGF-2R, and IRS-2 genes polymorphisms and their combinations are associated with risk of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nearmeen M Rashad
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amal S El-Shal
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Eman H Abd Elbary
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Abo Warda
- Radiodiagnosis Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Osama Hegazy
- Hepatobillary Surgery Department, National Liver Institute, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
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Effect of IGF-II (insulin-like growth factor-II) genotype on the quality of dry-cured hams and shoulders. Meat Sci 2012; 92:562-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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de Mascena Diniz Maia PFC, da Silva TME, Angelo HD, e Silva LW, Gondim Martins DB, Maia MDMD, de Lima Filho JL. IGF2/ApaIpolymorphism associated with birth weight in children of the region of Petrolina–PE, Brazil. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012; 26:316-7. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2012.733769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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St-Pierre J, Hivert MF, Perron P, Poirier P, Guay SP, Brisson D, Bouchard L. IGF2 DNA methylation is a modulator of newborn's fetal growth and development. Epigenetics 2012; 7:1125-32. [PMID: 22907587 DOI: 10.4161/epi.21855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) gene, located within a cluster of imprinted genes on chromosome 11p15, encodes a fetal and placental growth factor affecting birth weight. DNA methylation variability at the IGF2 gene locus has been previously reported but its consequences on fetal growth and development are still mostly unknown in normal pediatric population. We collected one hundred placenta biopsies from 50 women with corresponding maternal and cord blood samples and measured anthropometric indices, blood pressure and metabolic phenotypes using standardized procedures. IGF2/H19 DNA methylation and IGF2 circulating levels were assessed using sodium bisulfite pyrosequencing and ELISA, respectively. Placental IGF2 (DMR0 and DMR2) DNA methylation levels were correlated with newborn's fetal growth indices, such as weight, and with maternal IGF2 circulating concentration at the third trimester of pregnancy, whereas H19 (DMR) DNA methylation levels were correlated with IGF2 levels in cord blood. The maternal genotype of a known IGF2/H19 polymorphism (rs2107425) was associated with birth weight. Taken together, we showed that IGF2/H19 epigenotype and genotypes independently account for 31% of the newborn's weight variance. No association was observed with maternal diabetic status, glucose concentrations or prenatal maternal body mass index. This is the first study showing that DNA methylation at the IGF2/H19 genes locus may act as a modulator of IGF2 newborn's fetal growth and development within normal range. IGF2/H19 DNA methylation could represent a cornerstone in linking birth weight and fetal metabolic programming of late onset obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie St-Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, Chicoutimi Hospital, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
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12
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Alfimova MV, Lezheiko TV, Gritsenko IK, Golimbet VE. Association of the insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) gene with human cognitive functions. RUSS J GENET+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795412080029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Ishida M, Moore GE. The role of imprinted genes in humans. Mol Aspects Med 2012; 34:826-40. [PMID: 22771538 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Genomic imprinting, a process of epigenetic modification which allows the gene to be expressed in a parent-of-origin specific manner, has an essential role in normal growth and development. Imprinting is found predominantly in placental mammals, and has potentially evolved as a mechanism to balance parental resource allocation to the offspring. Therefore, genetic and epigenetic disruptions which alter the specific dosage of imprinted genes can lead to various developmental abnormalities often associated with fetal growth and neurological behaviour. Over the past 20 years since the first imprinted gene was discovered, many different mechanisms have been implicated in this special regulatory mode of gene expression. This review includes a brief summary of the current understanding of the key molecular events taking place during imprint establishment and maintenance in early embryos, and their relationship to epigenetic disruptions seen in imprinting disorders. Genetic and epigenetic causes of eight recognised imprinting disorders including Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), and also their association with Assisted reproductive technology (ART) will be discussed. Finally, the role of imprinted genes in fetal growth will be explored by investigating their relationship to a common growth disorder, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and also their potential role in regulating normal growth variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ishida
- Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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Ishida M, Monk D, Duncan AJ, Abu-Amero S, Chong J, Ring SM, Pembrey ME, Hindmarsh PC, Whittaker JC, Stanier P, Moore GE. Maternal inheritance of a promoter variant in the imprinted PHLDA2 gene significantly increases birth weight. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 90:715-9. [PMID: 22444668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth weight is an important indicator of both perinatal and adult health, but little is known about the genetic factors contributing to its variability. Intrauterine growth restriction is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality and is also associated with adult disease. A significant correlation has been reported between lower birth weight and increased expression of the maternal PHLDA2 allele in term placenta (the normal imprinting pattern was maintained). However, a mechanism that explains the transcriptional regulation of PHLDA2 on in utero growth has yet to be described. In this study, we sequenced the PHLDA2 promoter region in 263 fetal DNA samples to identify polymorphic variants. We used a luciferase reporter assay to identify in the PHLDA2 promoter a 15 bp repeat sequence (RS1) variant that significantly reduces PHLDA2-promoter efficiency. RS1 genotyping was then performed in three independent white European normal birth cohorts. Meta-analysis of all three (total n = 9,433) showed that maternal inheritance of RS1 resulted in a significant 93 g increase in birth weight (p = 0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 22-163). Moreover, when the mother was homozygous for RS1, the influence on birth weight was 155 g (p = 0.04; 95% CI = 9-300), which is a similar magnitude to the reduction in birth weight caused by maternal smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ishida
- Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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Murphy SK, Adigun A, Huang Z, Overcash F, Wang F, Jirtle RL, Schildkraut JM, Murtha AP, Iversen ES, Hoyo C. Gender-specific methylation differences in relation to prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke. Gene 2011; 494:36-43. [PMID: 22202639 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations may mechanistically explain the developmental origins of adult disease, namely the hypothesis that many complex adult chronic diseases originate as a result of conditions encountered in utero. If true, epigenetically regulated imprinted genes, critical to normal growth and development, may partially mediate these outcomes. We determined the influence of in utero exposure to cigarette smoking on methylation at two differentially methylated regions (DMRs) regulating Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) and H19, and how this might relate to birth weight of infants born to 418 pregnant women. Smoking status was ascertained through self-report and medical records. Bisulfite pyrosequencing was used to measure methylation in umbilical cord blood DNAs. Least squares DNA methylation means at each DMR and birth weight were compared between infants of smokers and non-smokers, using generalized linear models. While there were no significant differences at the H19 DMR, infants born to smokers had higher methylation at the IGF2 DMR than those born to never smokers or those who quit during pregnancy (49.5%, SD=8.0 versus 46.6%, SD=5.6 and 45.8%, SD=6.3, respectively; p=0.0002). The smoking-related increase in methylation was most pronounced in male offspring (p for sex interaction=0.03), for whom approximately 20% of smoking-related low birth weight was mediated by DNA methylation at the IGF2 DMR. Our findings suggest that IGF2 DMR plasticity is an important mechanism by which in utero adjustments to environmental toxicants are conferred. Larger studies to replicate these findings are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Petry CJ, Seear RV, Wingate DL, Manico L, Acerini CL, Ong KK, Hughes IA, Dunger DB. Associations between paternally transmitted fetal IGF2 variants and maternal circulating glucose concentrations in pregnancy. Diabetes 2011; 60:3090-6. [PMID: 21926269 PMCID: PMC3198064 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that polymorphic variation in the paternally transmitted fetal IGF2 gene is associated with maternal glucose concentrations in the third trimester of pregnancy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 17 haplotype tag single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IGF2 gene region were genotyped in 1,160 mother/partner/offspring trios from the prospective Cambridge Baby Growth Study (n = 845 trios) and the retrospective Cambridge Wellbeing Study (n = 315 trios) (3,480 samples in total). Associations were tested between inferred parent-of-origin fetal alleles, z scores of maternal glucose concentrations 60 min. after an oral glucose load performed at week 28 of pregnancy, and offspring birth weights. RESULTS Using the minimum P value test, paternally transmitted fetal IGF2 polymorphisms were associated with maternal glucose concentrations; specifically, paternally transmitted fetal rs6578987 (P = 0.006), rs680 (P = 0.01), rs10770125 (P = 0.0002), and rs7924316 (P = 0.01) alleles were associated with increased maternal glucose concentrations in the third trimester of pregnancy and placental IGF-II contents at birth (P = 0.03). In contrast, there were no associations between maternal glucose concentrations and maternal or maternally transmitted fetal IGF2 genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphic variation in paternally transmitted fetal IGF2 is associated with increased maternal glucose concentrations in pregnancy and could potentially alter the risk of gestational diabetes in the mother. The association may be at least partially mediated by changes in placental IGF2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive J Petry
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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17
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Genotypes, haplotypes and diplotypes of IGF-II SNPs and their association with growth traits in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:4359-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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18
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Association between endometriosis and polymorphisms in insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-I receptor genes in Korean women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2011; 156:87-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Adkins RM, Somes G, Morrison JC, Hill JB, Watson EM, Magann EF, Krushkal J. Association of birth weight with polymorphisms in the IGF2, H19, and IGF2R genes. Pediatr Res 2010; 68:429-34. [PMID: 20639793 PMCID: PMC3063315 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3181f1ca99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
There is a substantial genetic component for birth weight variation. We tested 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IGF2, H19, and IGF2R genes for associations with birth weight variation in 342 mother-newborn pairs (birth weight 2.1-4.7 kg at term) and 527 parent-newborn trios (birth weight 2.1-5.1 kg) across three localities. SNPs in the IGF2R (rs8191754; maternal genotype), IGF2 (rs3741205; newborn genotype), and 5' region of the H19 (rs2067051, rs2251375, and rs4929984) genes were associated with birth weight. Detailed analyses to distinguish direct maternal, direct newborn, and parent of origin effects for the most strongly associated H19 SNP (rs4929984) determined that the association of maternal genotype with newborn birth weight was due to parent of origin effects not direct maternal effects. That SNP is located near the CTCF binding sites that influence expression of the maternally imprinted IGF2 and paternally imprinted H19 locus, and there are statistically significant and independent opposite effects of the same rs4929984 allele, depending on the parent from which it was inherited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald M Adkins
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38103, USA.
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20
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Soares MR, Huber J, Rios AFL, Ramos ES. Investigation of IGF2/ApaI and H19/RsaI polymorphisms in patients with cutaneous melanoma. Growth Horm IGF Res 2010; 20:295-297. [PMID: 20483645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The etiology of cutaneous melanoma is complex, involving both heterogeneous genetic and environmental components. The aim of our study was to verify if single polymorphic sites within IGF2 and H19 genes and their consequent haplotypes influence risk and/or prognosis of familial melanoma. DESIGN Twenty one patients with clinical criteria of hereditary melanoma (early onset, presence of multiple primary melanoma, and/or one or more affected first- or second-degree relatives) and previously screened for CDKN2A mutations were genotyped by IGF2/ApaI and H19/RsaI PCR-RFLPs. Data were compared between patients and a control group (100 healthy young individuals) using Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. We also investigated if these polymorphic sites could be microRNAs potential targets, using RegRNA software. RESULTS Although the IGF2 and H19 genotypes/haplotypes were not significantly associated with melanoma, two of the most severe cases (very early onset or multiple melanomas) showed to be heterozygous for both genes. We found an overlap between IGF2/ApaI and miR-615-5p, and between H19/RsaI and miR-574-3p. CONCLUSIONS Some studies have shown H19, and IGF2 genes (or related genes or protein, for example, IGF2R and IMP-3) differential expression in melanoma. However, no study has attempted to examine markers across this cluster in relation to melanoma until now. Since the base change may impair the pairing of microRNA and its binding site, our results suggest a new window for future studies of IGF2 and H19 genetic variability and posttranscriptional regulation. Due to the importance and based on the present results, we suggest that the genotype/haplotype analysis of IGF2 and H19 polymorphisms should be better investigated in large populations with cutaneous melanoma, attempting to tie the association with progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Soares
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Melis D, Pivonello R, Parenti G, Della Casa R, Salerno M, Balivo F, Piccolo P, Di Somma C, Colao A, Andria G. The growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor axis in glycogen storage disease type 1: evidence of different growth patterns and insulin-like growth factor levels in patients with glycogen storage disease type 1a and 1b. J Pediatr 2010; 156:663-70.e1. [PMID: 20022338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in patients with glycogen storage disease type 1 (GSD1). STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective, case-control study. Ten patients with GSD1a and 7 patients with GSD1b who were given dietary treatment and 34 sex-, age-, body mass index-, and pubertal stage-matched control subjects entered the study. Auxological parameters were correlated with circulating GH, either at basal or after growth hormone releasing hormone plus arginine test, insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II), and anti-pituitary antibodies (APA). RESULTS Short stature was detected in 10.0% of patients with GSD1a, 42.9% of patients with GSD1b (P = .02), and none of the control subjects. Serum IGF-I levels were lower in patients with GSD1b (P = .0001). An impaired GH secretion was found in 40% of patients with GSD1a (P = .008), 57.1% of patients with GSD1b (P = .006), and none of the control subjects. Short stature was demonstrated in 3 of 4 patients with GSD1b and GH deficiency. The prevalence of APA was significantly higher in patients with GSD1b than in patients with GSD1a (P = .02) and control subjects (P = .03). The GH response to the provocative test inversely correlated with the presence of APA (P = .003). Compared with levels in control subjects, serum IGF-II and insulin levels were higher in both groups of patients, in whom IGF-II levels directly correlated with height SD scores (P = .003). CONCLUSION Patients with GSD1a have an impaired GH secretion associated with reference range serum IGF-I levels and normal stature, whereas in patients with GSD1b, the impaired GH secretion, probably because of the presence of APA, was associated with reduced IGF-I levels and increased prevalence of short stature. The increased IGF-II levels, probably caused by increased insulin levels, in patients with GSD1 are presumably responsible for the improved growth pattern observed in patients receiving strict dietary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Melis
- Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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22
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Faienza MF, Santoro N, Lauciello R, Calabrò R, Giordani L, Di Salvo G, Ventura A, Delvecchio M, Perrone L, Del Giudice EM, Cavallo L. IGF2 gene variants and risk of hypertension in obese children and adolescents. Pediatr Res 2010; 67:340-4. [PMID: 20057340 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3181d22757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Obese children have a great risk of hypertension and cardiovascular morbidity in adults. The insulin-like growth factor type II (IGF-II) regulates glucose homeostasis, cardiovascular functions, and lipid metabolism. IGF2 gene variants have shown a strong association with weight, body mass index (BMI), and metabolic profile in adults. We performed the molecular screening of two IGF2 polymorphisms (6815 A/T, 820 G/A), in 227 obese children to evaluate the potential association between IGF2 variants with either obesity or high blood pressure (assessed with a 24-h holter system) or both. A second cohort of age-, sex-, and BMI-matched children were enrolled to confirm any eventual association. We observed a significant association between the 6815 A/T IGF2 gene variant and high systolic blood pressure in obese children. Homozygote subjects for the T6815 allele showed, even in 24-h measurements, a higher risk to develop hypertension than those carrying the A6815 allele (OR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.59-8.66). This result was confirmed in the second cohort (OR = 4.1, 95% CI: 1.41-6.50). Any statistically significant difference in terms of BMI between the genotype groups was observed. Our results suggest that IGF2 gene variants are involved in the blood pressure regulation in obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Faienza
- Department of Biomedicine of Developmental Age, University of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy.
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23
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Weng CJ, Hsieh YH, Tsai CM, Chu YH, Ueng KC, Liu YF, Yeh YH, Su SC, Chen YC, Chen MK, Yang SF. Relationship of insulin-like growth factors system gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility and pathological development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 17:1808-15. [PMID: 20119675 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-009-0904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) system consists of a group of proteins which may induce cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis through several signal pathways, leading to transformation of normal cells into cancer cells. However, the impact of genetic polymorphisms of the IGFs system on HCC has not been clarified. METHODS In this case-control study, a total of 102 HCC patients and 306 age- and gender-matched controls were recruited. The genetic polymorphisms of the IGFs system genes, including IGF-1, IGF-2, IGF-1receptor (IGF-1R), IGF-2R, IGF binding protein (IGFBP-3), and insulin (INS) genes, were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and real-time PCR genotyping analysis. RESULTS A significant difference (p = 0.02) between case and control group in the distribution frequency of IGF-2 +3580 polymorphism was observed. Multiple regression model analysis showed that the presence of AA or AG at IGF-2R may exhibit a potential protective effect against hepatitis C [odds ratio (OR) = 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.15-0.82]. The combination of IGF-2 +3580 AA genotype and IGF-2R GG genotype may present a significantly lower risk of HCC (OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.05-0.87). Additionally, no polymorphisms of any IGFs system genes were associated with liver-related clinicopathological markers in serum. CONCLUSIONS Among IGFs system genes, IGF-2 and IGF-2R gene polymorphisms and combination could be considered as the most important factors contributing to increased susceptibility and pathological development of HCC.
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Marcolin AC, Duarte G, Quintana SM, Araújo FM, El Beitune P, Gonçalves CV, Ramos ES. Evaluation of IGF-2/ApaI polymorphism in pregnant women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 taking antiretroviral drugs. Growth Horm IGF Res 2009; 19:513-516. [PMID: 19560381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2008] [Revised: 05/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies carried out to assess the effects of antiretroviral drugs (ARV) in HIV-1 infected pregnant women have demonstrated carbohydrate intolerance. Some reports also refer to the effect of disturbances in the expression of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system on pancreas beta-cell function in humans and IGF-2/ApaI polymorphisms have been associated with obesity and features of the metabolic syndromes. In the present study, we tested the association between IGF-2/ApaI genotype and hyperglycemia in HIV-1 infected pregnant women receiving ARV. DESIGN We studied IGF-2/ApaI polymorphism in 87 healthy pregnant women, 43 HIV-1 infected pregnant women taking ARV with hyperglycemia during pregnancy, and 43 HIV-1-negative pregnant women with gestational diabetes. Blood samples were obtained for DNA extraction, PCR and genotyping. Data were analyzed statistically by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality, ANOVA and chi-square tests. RESULTS There were no significant differences in genotype frequency among the three groups analyzed. Considering the HIV-1-infected pregnant women, there were no significant differences in genotype frequency between the zidovudine group and the triple antiretroviral treatment group. There were no significant differences in allele frequencies among the groups evaluated. Non-white pregnant women tended to present the GG genotypes compared to white pregnant women. CONCLUSION These results contribute to a better understanding of metabolic glycemic disorders in HIV-1-infected pregnant women using ARV, showing that IGF-2/ApaI polymorphisms are not responsible as a single causative factor of glycemic alterations. These data indicate that other variables should be studied in order to explain these glycemic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra C Marcolin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Parent-of-origin specific linkage and association of the IGF2 gene region with birth weight and adult metabolic risk factors. Int J Obes (Lond) 2009; 33:962-70. [PMID: 19546867 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2009.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The maternally imprinted insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) gene is an important fetal growth factor and is also suggested to have postnatal metabolic effects. In this study, we examined whether common polymorphisms in IGF2 (6815_6819delAGGGC, 1156T>C and 820G>A (ApaI)) and a microsatellite marker in the close vicinity of IGF2 were linked to or associated with birth weight and adult metabolic risk factors. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Polymorphisms were genotyped in 199 monozygotic complete twin pairs, 109 dizygotic complete twin pairs, 15 single twins, 231 mothers and 228 fathers recruited from the East Flanders Prospective Twin Survey. Conventional and parent-of-origin specific linkage and association analyses were carried out with birth weight, adult body height and parameters quantifying obesity, insulin sensitivity and dyslipidaemia measured at adult age (mean age 25 years). RESULTS In the parent-of-origin specific association analysis, in which only the paternally inherited allele was incorporated, the 1156T>C SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) showed significant association with IGF-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) levels (T and C (mean (95% CI)): 13.2 (12.1-14.3) and 16.2 (14.6-18.0) ng ml(-1), P=0.002). No linkage was observed in either the conventional or in the parent-of-origin specific linkage analysis. CONCLUSION This study suggests that paternally inherited alleles of a common polymorphism in the IGF2 gene affect IGFBP1 levels.
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Suzuki H, Li Y, Dong X, Hassan MM, Abbruzzese JL, Li D. Effect of insulin-like growth factor gene polymorphisms alone or in interaction with diabetes on the risk of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:3467-73. [PMID: 19064563 PMCID: PMC2600618 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) have been associated with risk of common human cancers, but the association between IGFs and pancreatic cancer risk is unclear. To determine whether genetic variations of IGF modify pancreatic cancer risk, we compared the frequency of six single nucleotide polymorphisms of IGF1 and IGF2 in a large-scale case control study. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were investigated using the TaqMan method in 892 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and 783 healthy controls who were recruited from The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center from 2000 to 2007. Cases and controls were frequency matched by age (+/-5 years), race, and sex. Risk factor information was collected using direct interviews. We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using unconditional multivariate logistic regression models. A haplotype of IGF1 gene containing the 3'-UTR Ex4 -177 G>C G allele had a significantly lower frequency in cases (0.027) than in controls (0.041; P = 0.039). A statistically significant joint effect of the IGF1 3'-UTR Ex4 -177 G>C C allele and diabetes on pancreatic cancer risk was observed. The OR (95% CI) were 1.07 (0.81-1.42), 2.12 (1.53-2.93), and 5.69 (2.63-12.3) for individuals who had the CC/CG genotype alone, diabetes alone, or both factors, respectively, compared with subjects without either of the two factors with adjustment for other risk factors. The IGF2 3'-UTR Ex4 -233C>T TT genotype was significantly associated with a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer (OR = 0.07; 95% CI = 0.01-0.57; P = 0.013). The polymorphic variants of the IGF genes may serve as a susceptibility factor for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Suzuki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 426, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Van den Maagdenberg K, Stinckens A, Claeys E, Buys N, De Smet S. Effect of the insulin-like growth factor-II and RYR1 genotype in pigs on carcass and meat quality traits. Meat Sci 2008; 80:293-303. [PMID: 22063334 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Revised: 11/23/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a new QTN (quantitative trait nucleotide), which is located in the regulatory sequence of the imprinted IGF-II gene was discovered in the pig and is associated with a significant increase in IGF-II mRNA expression in skeletal muscle during postnatal growth. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of the IGF-II paternal allele (Apat and Gpat animals that inherited, respectively, the mutant and wild type paternal allele of interest) on carcass and meat quality traits in Nn and NN RYR1 genotypes. A total of 141 animals were measured, almost equally distributed over the IGF-II and RYR1 genotypes and gender. The Apat allele increased carcass lean meat percentage with approximately 4.5% (P<0.001) as a result of decreased backfat thickness. Average live weight daily gain was not affected, hence average daily lean meat gain was significantly higher for Apat compared to Gpat animals. The IGF-II mutation had no noticeable effect on meat quality in contrast with the RYR1 mutation. No interaction effects of both mutations on meat quality were noticed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Van den Maagdenberg
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Proefhoevestraat 10, 9090 Melle, Belgium
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Kaku K, Osada H, Seki K, Sekiya S. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and IGF2 receptor gene variants are associated with fetal growth. Acta Paediatr 2007; 96:363-7. [PMID: 17407457 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2006.00120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Normal variation in size at birth is a result of the interaction between fetal genetic factors and the maternal uterine environment. It is, however, unclear how genetic factors contribute to fetal growth. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system regulates uterine, placental and fetal development, thereby partially controlling the rate of fetal growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between the neonatal birth weight and the genotypes of polymorphic loci in the IGF2 and IGF2 receptor (IGF2R) genes. METHODS We determined the genotypes of two polymorphic loci in the IGF2 gene and four loci in the IGF2R gene in 884 pairs of normal Japanese mothers and their neonates, and compared the genotypes with the birth weight converted into standard deviation scores (SDSs) according to sex, parity and gestational weeks at delivery. RESULTS There was a significant difference in birth weight SDSs among the three neonatal +3123/ApaI genotypes of the IGF2 gene; AA, AG and GG. There was also a significant difference in birth weight among the three neonatal c.901C > G genotypes of the IGF2R gene; CC, CG and GG. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that both IGF2 and IGF2R gene variants are associated with fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kaku
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Chen JM, Férec C, Cooper DN. A systematic analysis of disease-associated variants in the 3' regulatory regions of human protein-coding genes II: the importance of mRNA secondary structure in assessing the functionality of 3' UTR variants. Hum Genet 2006; 120:301-33. [PMID: 16807757 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-006-0218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/29/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt both to catalogue 3' regulatory region (3' RR)-mediated disease and to improve our understanding of the structure and function of the 3' RR, we have performed a systematic analysis of disease-associated variants in the 3' RRs of human protein-coding genes. We have previously analysed the variants that have occurred in two specific domains/motifs of the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) as well as in the 3' flanking region. Here we have focused upon 83 known variants within the upstream sequence (USS; between the translational termination codon and the upstream core polyadenylation signal sequence) of the 3' UTR. To place these variants in their proper context, we first performed a comprehensive survey of known cis-regulatory elements within the USS and the mechanisms by which they effect post-transcriptional gene regulation. Although this survey supports the view that RNA regulatory elements function within the context of specific secondary structures, there are no general rules governing how secondary structure might exert its influence. We have therefore addressed this question by systematically evaluating both functional and non-functional (based upon in vitro reporter gene and/or electrophoretic mobility shift assay data) USS variant-containing sequences against known cis-regulatory motifs within the context of predicted RNA secondary structures. This has allowed us not only to establish a reliable and objective means to perform secondary structure prediction but also to identify consistent patterns of secondary structural change that could potentiate the discrimination of functional USS variants from their non-functional counterparts. The resulting rules were then used to infer potential functionality in the case of some of the remaining functionally uncharacterized USS variants, from their predicted secondary structures. This not only led us to identify further patterns of secondary structural change but also several potential novel cis-regulatory motifs within the 3' UTRs studied.
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