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Xue X, Liu P, Zhang C, Ding Z, Wang L, Jiang Y, Shen WD, Yang S, Wang F. Transcriptional profile changes caused by noise-induced tinnitus in the cochlear nucleus and inferior colliculus of the rat. Ann Med 2024; 56:2402949. [PMID: 39268590 PMCID: PMC11404370 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2402949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tinnitus is a prevalent and disabling condition characterized by the perception of sound in the absence of external acoustic stimuli. The hyperactivity of the auditory pathway is a crucial factor in the development of tinnitus. This study aims to examine genetic expression variations in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) and inferior colliculus (IC) following the onset of tinnitus using transcriptomic analysis. The goal is to investigate the relationship between hyperactivity in the DCN and IC. METHODS To confirm the presence of tinnitus behavior, we utilized the gap pre-pulse inhibition of the acoustic startle (GPIAS) response paradigm. In addition, we conducted auditory brainstem response (ABR) tests to determine the baseline hearing thresholds, and repeated the test one week after subjecting the rats to noise exposure (8-16 kHz, 126 dBHL, 2 h). Samples of tissue were collected from the DCN and IC in both the tinnitus and non-tinnitus groups of rats. We employed RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR techniques to analyze the changes in gene expression between these two groups. This allowed us to identify any specific genes or gene pathways that may be associated with the development or maintenance of tinnitus in the DCN and IC. RESULTS Our results demonstrated tinnitus-like behavior in rats exposed to noise, as evidenced by GPIAS measurements. We identified 61 upregulated genes and 189 downregulated genes in the DCN, along with 396 upregulated genes and 195 downregulated genes in the IC. Enrichment analysis of the DCN revealed the involvement of ion transmembrane transport regulation, synaptic transmission, and negative regulation of neuron apoptotic processes in the development of tinnitus. In the IC, the enrichment analysis indicated that glutamatergic synapses and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways may significantly contribute to the process of tinnitus development. Additionally, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed, and 9 hub genes were selected based on their betweenness centrality rank in the DCN and IC, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal enrichment of differential expressed genes (DEGs) associated with pathways linked to alterations in neuronal excitability within the DCN and IC when comparing the tinnitus group to the non-tinnitus group. This indicates an increased trend in neuronal excitability within both the DCN and IC in the tinnitus model rats. Additionally, the enriched signaling pathways within the DCN related to changes in synaptic plasticity suggest that the excitability changes may propagate to IC. NEW AND NOTEWORTHY Our findings reveal gene expression alterations in neuronal excitability within the DCN and IC when comparing the tinnitus group to the non-tinnitus group at the transcriptome level. Additionally, the enriched signaling pathways related to changes in synaptic plasticity in the differentially expressed genes within the DCN suggest that the excitability changes may propagate to IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Xue
- The Six Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- The Six Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Ding
- The Six Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- The Six Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuke Jiang
- The Six Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wei-Dong Shen
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shiming Yang
- The Six Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fangyuan Wang
- The Six Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, PR China
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Wallace MN, Berger JI, Hockley A, Sumner CJ, Akeroyd MA, Palmer AR, McNaughton PA. Identifying tinnitus in mice by tracking the motion of body markers in response to an acoustic startle. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1452450. [PMID: 39170684 PMCID: PMC11335616 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1452450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rodent models of tinnitus are commonly used to study its mechanisms and potential treatments. Tinnitus can be identified by changes in the gap-induced prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle (GPIAS), most commonly by using pressure detectors to measure the whole-body startle (WBS). Unfortunately, the WBS habituates quickly, the measuring system can introduce mechanical oscillations and the response shows considerable variability. We have instead used a motion tracking system to measure the localized motion of small reflective markers in response to an acoustic startle reflex in guinea pigs and mice. For guinea pigs, the pinna had the largest responses both in terms of displacement between pairs of markers and in terms of the speed of the reflex movement. Smaller, but still reliable responses were observed with markers on the thorax, abdomen and back. The peak speed of the pinna reflex was the most sensitive measure for calculating GPIAS in the guinea pig. Recording the pinna reflex in mice proved impractical due to removal of the markers during grooming. However, recordings from their back and tail allowed us to measure the peak speed and the twitch amplitude (area under curve) of reflex responses and both analysis methods showed robust GPIAS. When mice were administered high doses of sodium salicylate, which induces tinnitus in humans, there was a significant reduction in GPIAS, consistent with the presence of tinnitus. Thus, measurement of the peak speed or twitch amplitude of pinna, back and tail markers provides a reliable assessment of tinnitus in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark N. Wallace
- Hearing Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joel I. Berger
- Human Brain Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Adam Hockley
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Michael A. Akeroyd
- Hearing Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alan R. Palmer
- Hearing Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A. McNaughton
- Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Ciralli B, Malfatti T, Lima TZ, Silva SRB, Cederroth CR, Leao KE. Alterations of auditory sensory gating in mice with noise-induced tinnitus treated with nicotine and cannabis extract. J Psychopharmacol 2023; 37:1116-1131. [PMID: 37837354 DOI: 10.1177/02698811231200879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Tinnitus is a phantom sound perception affecting both auditory and limbic structures. The mechanisms of tinnitus remain unclear and it is debatable whether tinnitus alters attention to sound and the ability to inhibit repetitive sounds, a phenomenon also known as auditory gating. Here we investigate if noise exposure interferes with auditory gating and whether natural extracts of cannabis or nicotine could improve auditory pre-attentional processing in noise-exposed mice. We used 22 male C57BL/6J mice divided into noise-exposed (exposed to a 9-11 kHz narrow band noise for 1 h) and sham (no sound during noise exposure) groups. Hearing thresholds were measured using auditory brainstem responses, and tinnitus-like behavior was assessed using Gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle. After noise exposure, mice were implanted with multi-electrodes in the dorsal hippocampus to assess auditory event-related potentials in response to paired clicks. The results showed that mice with tinnitus-like behavior displayed auditory gating of repetitive clicks, but with larger amplitudes and longer latencies of the N40 component of the aERP waveform. The combination of cannabis extract and nicotine improved the auditory gating ratio in noise-exposed mice without permanent hearing threshold shifts. Lastly, the longer latency of the N40 component appears due to an increased sensitivity to cannabis extract in noise-exposed mice compared to sham mice. The study suggests that the altered central plasticity in tinnitus is more sensitive to the combined actions on the cholinergic and the endocannabinoid systems. Overall, the findings contribute to a better understanding of pharmacological modulation of auditory sensory gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ciralli
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Thawann Malfatti
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Experimental Audiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Thiago Z Lima
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Exact and Earth Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Christopher R Cederroth
- Experimental Audiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
- Translational Hearing Research, Tübingen Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katarina E Leao
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Shayanmehr S, Rahbar N, Pourbakht A, Sameni SJ, Mazaher Yazdi M. Gap pre-pulse inhibition of the cortical auditory evoked potentials as a possible objective tinnitus assessment tool. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2023; 17:117-136. [PMID: 38074929 PMCID: PMC10704293 DOI: 10.22037/ijcn.v17i4.42300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Objectives The objective assessment tests overcome the variability of subjective methods. Cortical recordings with gap pre-pulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex stimulus have been used as objective tinnitus assessments in humans. This study aims to investigate this possible objective tinnitus test and compare gap-induced inhibition in different stimulus parameters and brain regions. Materials & Methods Twenty People (18-50 years old) without hearing loss and tinnitus were included. The sound stimuli consisted of continuous background noise with a loud startle tone preceded by a silent gap (20 and 40 ms duration, 120 and 150 ms distance from the startle). The N1-P2 complex amplitude and topoplot maps were extracted in 27-channel cortical response recording after signal processing. Four brain regions of interest (ROI) of anterior-frontal, centro-frontal, right, and left temporal were investigated. Results The results showed that the maximum inhibition occurred in a 40 ms gap duration and 150 ms distance in all 4 ROIs. In comparing ROIs, the centro-frontal and left temporal regions revealed the most inhibition (p<0.05). The decrease in the amplitude of the N1 and P2 in that region could also be traced in the 100 and 200 ms topoplots. Conclusion Gap-induced inhibition was observed in all gap-embedded stimuli and all ROIs. However, the 40-150 mode and centro-frontal and left temporal regions had maximum inhibition in normal subjects. It provides a promising tool for objectively assessing tinnitus in humans with particular implications in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Shayanmehr
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Rahbar
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Pourbakht
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Jalal Sameni
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Mazaher Yazdi
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Liu P, Xue X, Zhang C, Zhou H, Ding Z, Wang L, Jiang Y, Shen W, Yang S, Wang F. Transcriptional Profile Changes after Noise-Induced Tinnitus in Rats. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040573. [PMID: 37190538 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is an unpleasant symptom characterized by detective hearing without the actual sound input. Despite numerous studies elucidating a variety of pathomechanisms inducing tinnitus, the pathophysiology of tinnitus is not fully understood. The genes that are closely associated with this subtype of the auditory hallucination that could be utilized as potential treatment targets are still unknown. In this study, we explored the transcriptional profile changes of the auditory cortex after noise-induced tinnitus in rats using high throughput sequencing and verification of the detected genes using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Tinnitus models were established by analyzing startle behaviors through gap pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle. Two hundred and fifty-nine differential genes were identified, of which 162 genes were up-regulated and 97 genes were down-regulated. Analysis of the pathway enrichment indicated that the tinnitus group exhibited increased gene expression related to neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington’s disease and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Based on the identified genes, networks of protein–protein interaction were established and five hub genes were identified through degree rank, including Fos, Nr4a1, Nr4a3, Egr2, and Egr3. Therein, the Fos gene ranked first with the highest degree after noise exposure, and may be a potential target for the modulation of noise-induced tinnitus.
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Hayes SH, Beh K, Typlt M, Schormans AL, Stolzberg D, Allman BL. Using an appetitive operant conditioning paradigm to screen rats for tinnitus induced by intense sound exposure: Experimental considerations and interpretation. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1001619. [PMID: 36845432 PMCID: PMC9950262 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1001619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In an effort to help elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying tinnitus in humans, researchers have often relied on animal models; a preclinical approach which ultimately required that behavioral paradigms be designed to reliably screen animals for tinnitus. Previously, we developed a two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) paradigm for rats that allowed for the simultaneous recording of neural activity at the very moments when they were reporting the presence/absence of tinnitus. Because we first validated our paradigm in rats experiencing transient tinnitus following a high-dose of sodium salicylate, the present study now sought to evaluate its utility to screen for tinnitus caused by intense sound exposure; a common tinnitus-inducer in humans. More specifically, through a series of experimental protocols, we aimed to (1) conduct sham experiments to ensure that the paradigm was able to correctly classify control rats as not having tinnitus, (2) confirm the time course over which the behavioral testing could reliably be performed post-exposure to assess chronic tinnitus, and (3) determine if the paradigm was sensitive to the variable outcomes often observed after intense sound exposure (e.g., hearing loss with our without tinnitus). Ultimately, in accordance with our predictions, the 2AFC paradigm was indeed resistant to false-positive screening of rats for intense sound-induced tinnitus, and it was able to reveal variable tinnitus and hearing loss profiles in individual rats following intense sound exposure. Taken together, the present study documents the utility of our appetitive operant conditioning paradigm to assess acute and chronic sound-induced tinnitus in rats. Finally, based on our findings, we discuss important experimental considerations that will help ensure that our paradigm is able to provide a suitable platform for future investigations into the neural basis of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H. Hayes
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Sarah H. Hayes,
| | - Krystal Beh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada,National Centre for Audiology, Elborn College, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Marei Typlt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada,Audifon GmbH & Co. KG, Kölleda, Germany
| | - Ashley L. Schormans
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Stolzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brian L. Allman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada,National Centre for Audiology, Elborn College, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Fawcett TJ, Longenecker RJ, Brunelle DL, Berger JI, Wallace MN, Galazyuk AV, Rosen MJ, Salvi RJ, Walton JP. Universal automated classification of the acoustic startle reflex using machine learning. Hear Res 2023; 428:108667. [PMID: 36566642 PMCID: PMC10734095 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The startle reflex (SR), a robust, motor response elicited by an intense auditory, visual, or somatosensory stimulus has been widely used as a tool to assess psychophysiology in humans and animals for almost a century in diverse fields such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, hearing loss, and tinnitus. Previously, SR waveforms have been ignored, or assessed with basic statistical techniques and/or simple template matching paradigms. This has led to considerable variability in SR studies from different laboratories, and species. In an effort to standardize SR assessment methods, we developed a machine learning algorithm and workflow to automatically classify SR waveforms in virtually any animal model including mice, rats, guinea pigs, and gerbils obtained with various paradigms and modalities from several laboratories. The universal features common to SR waveforms of various species and paradigms are examined and discussed in the context of each animal model. The procedure describes common results using the SR across species and how to fully implement the open-source R implementation. Since SR is widely used to investigate toxicological or pharmaceutical efficacy, a detailed and universal SR waveform classification protocol should be developed to aid in standardizing SR assessment procedures across different laboratories and species. This machine learning-based method will improve data reliability and translatability between labs that use the startle reflex paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Fawcett
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Research Computing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Ryan J Longenecker
- Sound Pharmaceuticals Inc, 4010 Stone Way N., Suite 120, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
| | - Dimitri L Brunelle
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joel I Berger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark N Wallace
- Hearing Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alex V Galazyuk
- Hearing Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Merri J Rosen
- Hearing Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Richard J Salvi
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, University of Buffalo, USA
| | - Joseph P Walton
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Fabrizio-Stover EM, Nichols G, Corcoran J, Jain A, Burghard AL, Lee CM, Oliver DL. Comparison of two behavioral tests for tinnitus assessment in mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:995422. [PMID: 36299293 PMCID: PMC9588978 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.995422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal research focused on chronic tinnitus associated with noise-induced hearing loss can be expensive and time-consuming as a result of the behavioral training required. Although there exist a number of behavioral tests for tinnitus; there have been few formal direct comparisons of these tests. Here, we evaluated animals in two different tinnitus assessment methods. CBA/CaJ mice were trained in an operant conditioning, active avoidance (AA) test, and a reflexive, gap-induced pre-pulse inhibition of acoustic startle (GPIAS) test, or both. Tinnitus was induced in awake mice by unilateral continuous sound exposure using a 2-kHz- or 12 octave-wide noise centered at 16 kHz and presented at 113- or 116-dB SPL. Tinnitus was assessed 8 weeks after sound overexposure. Most mice had evidence of tinnitus behavior in at least one of the two behaviors. Of the mice evaluated in AA, over half (55%) had tinnitus positive behavior. In GPIAS, fewer animals (13%) were positive than were identified using the AA test. Few mice were positive in both tests (10%), and only one was positive for tinnitus behavior at the same spectral frequency in both tests. When the association between tinnitus behavior and spontaneous activity recorded in the inferior colliculus was compared, animals with tinnitus behavior in AA exhibited increased spontaneous activity, while those positive in GPIAS did not. Thus, it appears that operant conditioning tests, like AA, maybe more reliable and accurate tests for tinnitus than reflexive tests.
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Comprehensive Behavioral Analysis of Opsin 3 (Encephalopsin)-Deficient Mice Identifies Role in Modulation of Acoustic Startle Reflex. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0202-22.2022. [PMID: 36041828 PMCID: PMC9532019 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0202-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Opsin-3 (Opn3, encephalopsin) was the first nonvisual opsin gene discovered in mammals. Since then, several Opn3 functions have been described, and in two cases (adipose tissue, smooth muscle) light sensing activity is implicated. In addition to peripheral tissues, Opn3 is robustly expressed within the central nervous system, for which it derives its name. Despite this expression, no studies have investigated developmental or adult CNS consequences of Opn3 loss-of-function. Here, the behavioral consequences of mice deficient in Opn3 were investigated. Opn3-deficient mice perform comparably to wild-type mice in measures of motor coordination, socialization, anxiety-like behavior, and various aspects of learning and memory. However, Opn3-deficient mice have an attenuated acoustic startle reflex (ASR) relative to littermates. This deficit is not because of changes in hearing sensitivity, although Opn3 was shown to be expressed in auditory and vestibular structures, including cochlear outer hair cells. Interestingly, the ASR was not acutely light-dependent and did not vary between daytime and nighttime trials, despite known functions of Opn3 in photoreception and circadian gene amplitude. Together, these results demonstrate the first role of Opn3 on behavior, although the role of this opsin in the CNS remains largely elusive.
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Malfatti T, Ciralli B, Hilscher MM, Leao RN, Leao KE. Decreasing dorsal cochlear nucleus activity ameliorates noise-induced tinnitus perception in mice. BMC Biol 2022; 20:102. [PMID: 35550106 PMCID: PMC9097071 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) is a region known to integrate somatosensory and auditory inputs and is identified as a potential key structure in the generation of phantom sound perception, especially noise-induced tinnitus. Yet, how altered homeostatic plasticity of the DCN induces and maintains the sensation of tinnitus is not clear. Here, we chemogenetically decrease activity of a subgroup of DCN neurons, Ca2+/Calmodulin kinase 2 α (CaMKII α)-positive DCN neurons, using Gi-coupled human M4 Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (hM4Di DREADDs), to investigate their role in noise-induced tinnitus. Results Mice were exposed to loud noise (9–11kHz, 90dBSPL, 1h, followed by 2h of silence), and auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (GPIAS) were recorded 2 days before and 2 weeks after noise exposure to identify animals with a significantly decreased inhibition of startle, indicating tinnitus but without permanent hearing loss. Neuronal activity of CaMKII α+ neurons expressing hM4Di in the DCN was lowered by administration of clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). We found that acutely decreasing firing rate of CaMKII α+ DCN units decrease tinnitus-like responses (p = 3e −3, n = 11 mice), compared to the control group that showed no improvement in GPIAS (control virus; CaMKII α-YFP + CNO, p = 0.696, n = 7 mice). Extracellular recordings confirmed CNO to decrease unit firing frequency of CaMKII α-hM4Di+ mice and alter best frequency and tuning width of response to sound. However, these effects were not seen if CNO had been previously administered during the noise exposure (n = 6 experimental and 6 control mice). Conclusion We found that lowering DCN activity in mice displaying tinnitus-related behavior reduces tinnitus, but lowering DCN activity during noise exposure does not prevent noise-induced tinnitus. Our results suggest that CaMKII α-positive cells in the DCN are not crucial for tinnitus induction but play a significant role in maintaining tinnitus perception in mice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1186/s12915-022-01288-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thawann Malfatti
- Hearing and Neuronal activity Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Barbara Ciralli
- Hearing and Neuronal activity Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Markus M Hilscher
- Institute for Analysis and Scientific Computing, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richardson N Leao
- Hearing and Neuronal activity Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Katarina E Leao
- Hearing and Neuronal activity Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
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The blinking eye as a window into tinnitus: A new animal model of tinnitus in the macaque. Hear Res 2022; 420:108517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Kim YH, Schrode KM, Engel J, Vicencio-Jimenez S, Rodriguez G, Lee HK, Lauer AM. Auditory Behavior in Adult-Blinded Mice. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2022; 23:225-239. [PMID: 35084628 PMCID: PMC8964904 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-022-00835-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-modal plasticity occurs when the function of remaining senses is enhanced following deprivation or loss of a sensory modality. Auditory neural responses are enhanced in the auditory cortex, including increased sensitivity and frequency selectivity, following short-term visual deprivation in adult mice (Petrus et al. Neuron 81:664-673, 2014). Whether or not these visual deprivation-induced neural changes translate into improved auditory perception and performance remains unclear. As an initial investigation of the effects of adult visual deprivation on auditory behaviors, CBA/CaJ mice underwent binocular enucleation at 3-4 weeks old and were tested on a battery of learned behavioral tasks, acoustic startle response (ASR), and prepulse inhibition (PPI) tests beginning at least 2 weeks after the enucleation procedure. Auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) were also measured to screen for potential effects of visual deprivation on non-behavioral hearing function. Control and enucleated mice showed similar tone detection sensitivity and frequency discrimination in a conditioned lick suppression test. Both groups showed normal reactivity to sound as measured by ASR in a quiet background. However, when startle-eliciting stimuli were presented in noise, enucleated mice showed decreased ASR amplitude relative to controls. Control and enucleated mice displayed no significant differences in ASR habituation, PPI tests, or ABR thresholds, or wave morphology. Our findings suggest that while adult-onset visual deprivation induces cross-modal plasticity at the synaptic and circuit levels, it does not substantially influence simple auditory behavioral performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Hyun Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Center for Hearing and Balance, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Katrina M Schrode
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Center for Hearing and Balance, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - James Engel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Center for Hearing and Balance, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sergio Vicencio-Jimenez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Center for Hearing and Balance, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Gabriela Rodriguez
- Cell, Molecular, Developmental Biology, and Biophysics (CMDB) Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hey-Kyoung Lee
- Cell, Molecular, Developmental Biology, and Biophysics (CMDB) Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Zanvyl-Krieger Mind/Brain Institute and Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanda M Lauer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Center for Hearing and Balance, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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13
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Longenecker RJ, Gu R, Homan J, Kil J. Development of Tinnitus and Hyperacusis in a Mouse Model of Tobramycin Cochleotoxicity. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:715952. [PMID: 34539342 PMCID: PMC8440845 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.715952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides (AG) antibiotics are a common treatment for recurrent infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. AGs are highly ototoxic, resulting in a range of auditory dysfunctions. It was recently shown that the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) can assess behavioral evidence of hyperacusis and tinnitus in an amikacin cochleotoxicity mouse model. The goal of this study was to establish if tobramycin treatment led to similar changes in ASR behavior and to establish whether ebselen can prevent the development of these maladaptive neuroplastic symptoms. CBA/Ca mice were divided into three groups: Group 1 served as a control and did not receive tobramycin or ebselen, Group 2 received tobramycin (200 mg/kg/s.c.) and the vehicle (DMSO/saline/i.p.) daily for 14 continuous days, and Group 3 received the same dose/schedule of tobramycin as Group 2 and ebselen at (20 mg/kg/i.p.). Auditory brainstem response (ABR) and ASR hearing assessments were collected at baseline and 2, 6, 10, 14, and 18 weeks from the start of treatment. ASR tests included input/output (I/O) functions which assess general hearing and hyperacusis, and Gap-induced prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle (GPIAS) to assess tinnitus. At 18 weeks, histologic analysis showed predominantly normal appearing hair cells and spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) synapses. Following 14 days of tobramycin injections, 16 kHz thresholds increased from baseline and fluctuated over the 18-week recovery period. I/O functions revealed exaggerated startle response magnitudes in 50% of mice over the same period. Gap detection deficits, representing behavioral evidence of tinnitus, were observed in a smaller subset (36%) of animals. Interestingly, increases in ABR wave III/wave I amplitude ratios were observed. These tobramycin data corroborate previous findings that AGs can result in hearing dysfunctions. We show that a 14-day course of tobramycin treatment can cause similar levels of hearing loss and tinnitus, when compared to a 14-day course of amikacin, but less hyperacusis. Evidence suggests that tinnitus and hyperacusis might be common side effects of AG antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rende Gu
- Sound Pharmaceuticals Inc., Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Jonathan Kil
- Sound Pharmaceuticals Inc., Seattle, WA, United States
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14
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An Auditory Phantom Percept That Does Not Impair External Sound Perception. J Neurosci 2021; 41:1622-1624. [PMID: 33627482 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2528-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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15
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Robust and replicable measurement for prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1909-1927. [PMID: 32144356 PMCID: PMC7483293 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Measuring animal behavior in the context of experimental manipulation is critical for modeling, and understanding neuropsychiatric disease. Prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response (PPI) is a behavioral phenomenon studied extensively for this purpose, but the results of PPI studies are often inconsistent. As a result, the utility of this phenomenon remains uncertain. Here, we deconstruct the phenomenon of PPI and confirm several limitations of the methodology traditionally utilized to describe PPI, including that the underlying startle response has a non-Gaussian distribution, and that the traditional PPI metric changes with different stimuli. We then develop a novel model that reveals PPI to be a combination of the previously appreciated scaling of the startle response, as well as a scaling of sound processing. Using our model, we find no evidence for differences in PPI in a rat model of Fragile-X Syndrome (FXS) compared with wild-type controls. These results in the rat provide a reliable methodology that could be used to clarify inconsistent PPI results in mice and humans. In contrast, we find robust differences between wild-type male and female rats. Our model allows us to understand the nature of these differences, and we find that both the startle-scaling and sound-scaling components of PPI are a function of the baseline startle response. Males and females differ specifically in the startle-scaling, but not the sound-scaling, component of PPI. These findings establish a robust experimental and analytical approach that has the potential to provide a consistent biomarker of brain function.
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16
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Torrisi SA, Lavanco G, Maurel OM, Gulisano W, Laudani S, Geraci F, Grasso M, Barbagallo C, Caraci F, Bucolo C, Ragusa M, Papaleo F, Campolongo P, Puzzo D, Drago F, Salomone S, Leggio GM. A novel arousal-based individual screening reveals susceptibility and resilience to PTSD-like phenotypes in mice. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 14:100286. [PMID: 33392367 PMCID: PMC7772817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational animal models for studying post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are valuable for elucidating the poorly understood neurobiology of this neuropsychiatric disorder. These models should encompass crucial features, including persistence of PTSD-like phenotypes triggered after exposure to a single traumatic event, trauma susceptibility/resilience and predictive validity. Here we propose a novel arousal-based individual screening (AIS) model that recapitulates all these features. The AIS model was designed by coupling the traumatization (24 h restraint) of C57BL/6 J mice with a novel individual screening. This screening consists of z-normalization of post-trauma changes in startle reactivity, which is a measure of arousal depending on neural circuits conserved across mammals. Through the AIS model, we identified susceptible mice showing long-lasting hyperarousal (up to 56 days post-trauma), and resilient mice showing normal arousal. Susceptible mice further showed persistent PTSD-like phenotypes including exaggerated fear reactivity and avoidance of trauma-related cue (up to 75 days post-trauma), increased avoidance-like behavior and social/cognitive impairment. Conversely, resilient mice adopted active coping strategies, behaving like control mice. We further uncovered novel transcriptional signatures driven by PTSD-related genes as well as dysfunction of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, which corroborated the segregation in susceptible/resilient subpopulations obtained through the AIS model and correlated with trauma susceptibility/resilience. Impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity was also observed in susceptible mice. Finally, chronic treatment with paroxetine ameliorated the PTSD-like phenotypes of susceptible mice. These findings indicate that the AIS model might be a new translational animal model for the study of crucial features of PTSD. It might shed light on the unclear PTSD neurobiology and identify new pharmacological targets for this difficult-to-treat disorder. The AIS model includes highly requested features necessary to shape a translational PTSD animal model. Susceptible mice identified through the AIS model exhibited persistent PTSD-like phenotypes. Resilient mice identified through the AIS model adopted active coping strategies. The AIS model revealed molecular adaptations underlying trauma susceptibility/resilience. The AIS model meets the criterion of predictive validity by exclusively using susceptible mice.
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Key Words
- 5-trial SM, 5-trial social memory
- AIS, arousal-based individual screening
- ASR, acoustic startle reactivity
- Amy, amygdala
- Animal model
- BDNF, brain derived neurotropic factor
- BST, basal synaptic transmission
- C, control
- CORT, corticosterone
- DSM-5, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
- EPM, elevated plus maze
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- FKBP5, FK506 binding protein 5
- FST, forced swim test
- Fear conditioning
- HIP, hippocampus
- HPA, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
- HT, hypothalamus
- OF, open field
- PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder
- Resilience
- SGK1, serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1
- SSRIs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- Stress
- Susceptibility
- TE, trauma-exposed
- Z-score
- fEPSPs, field excitatory post-synaptic potentials
- mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano A Torrisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lavanco
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,INSERM, U1215 Neurocentre Magendie and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Oriana M Maurel
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Research Group "Neuronal Plasticity", Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Walter Gulisano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Samuele Laudani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Geraci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Grasso
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy.,Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy.,Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Francesco Papaleo
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Neuroscience area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Campolongo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Neurobiology of Behavior Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Puzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Salomone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Leggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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17
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Fournier P, Hébert S. The gap prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle (GPIAS) paradigm to assess auditory temporal processing: Monaural versus binaural presentation. Psychophysiology 2020; 58:e13755. [PMID: 33355931 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Gap Prepulse Inhibition of the Acoustic Startle Reflex (GPIAS) is a paradigm used to assess auditory temporal processing in both animals and humans. It consists of the presentation of a silent gap embedded in noise and presented a few milliseconds before a startle sound. The silent gap produces the inhibition of the startle reflex, a phenomenon called gap-prepulse inhibition (GPI). This paradigm is also used to detect tinnitus in animal models. The lack of inhibition by the silent gaps is suggested to be indicative of the presence of tinnitus "filling-in" the gaps. The current research aims at improving the GPIAS technique by comparing the GPI produced by monaural versus binaural silent gaps in 29 normal-hearing subjects. Two gap durations (5 or 50 ms), each embedded in two different frequency backgrounds (centered around 500 or 4 kHz). Both low- and high- frequency narrowband noises had a bandwidth of half an octave. Overall, the startle magnitude was greater for the binaural versus the monaural presentation, which might reflect binaural loudness summation. In addition, the GPI was similar between the monaural and the binaural presentations for the high-frequency background noise. However, the GPI was greater for the low-frequency background noise for the binaural, compared to the monaural, presentation. These findings suggest that monaural GPIAS might be more suited to detect tinnitus compared to the binaural presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Fournier
- École d'orthophonie et d'audiologie, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,BRAMS, International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research, Université de Montréal and McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Aix-Marseille, Centre St-Charles-Pôle 3C, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvie Hébert
- École d'orthophonie et d'audiologie, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,BRAMS, International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research, Université de Montréal and McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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18
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Longenecker RJ, Gu R, Homan J, Kil J. A Novel Mouse Model of Aminoglycoside-Induced Hyperacusis and Tinnitus. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:561185. [PMID: 33041759 PMCID: PMC7530258 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.561185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides (AG) such as amikacin are commonly used in cystic fibrosis patients with opportunistic pulmonary infections including multi-drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacterium. Unfortunately, this class of drugs is known to cause peripheral damage to the cochlea leading to hearing loss that can fluctuate and become permanent over time or multiple exposures. However, whether amikacin can lead to central auditory dysfunction like hyperacusis (increased sensitivity to sound) or tinnitus (perception of sound in the absence of acoustic stimulation) is not well-described in the literature. Thus, an animal model needs to be developed that documents these side effects in order to develop therapeutic solutions to reduce AG-induced auditory dysfunction. Here we present pioneer work in mice which demonstrates that amikacin can lead to fluctuating behavioral evidence of hyperacusis and tinnitus as assessed by the acoustic startle reflex. Additionally, electrophysiological assessments of hearing via auditory brainstem response demonstrate increased central activity in the auditory brainstem. These data together suggest that peripheral AG-induced dysfunction can lead to central hyperactivity and possible behavioral manifestations of hyperacusis and tinnitus. Importantly, we demonstrate that ebselen, a novel investigational drug that acts as both an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, can mitigate AG-induced hyperacusis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rende Gu
- Sound Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Jonathan Kil
- Sound Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Seattle, WA, United States
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19
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A Mouse Model of Tinnitus Using Gap Prepulse Inhibition of the Acoustic Startle in an Accelerated Hearing Loss Strain. Otol Neurotol 2020; 41:e516-e525. [DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000002573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Rybalko N, Mitrovic D, Šuta D, Bureš Z, Popelář J, Syka J. Behavioral evaluation of auditory function abnormalities in adult rats with normal hearing thresholds that were exposed to noise during early development. Physiol Behav 2019; 210:112620. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Gerum R, Rahlfs H, Streb M, Krauss P, Grimm J, Metzner C, Tziridis K, Günther M, Schulze H, Kellermann W, Schilling A. Open(G)PIAS: An Open-Source Solution for the Construction of a High-Precision Acoustic Startle Response Setup for Tinnitus Screening and Threshold Estimation in Rodents. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:140. [PMID: 31293403 PMCID: PMC6603242 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The modulation of the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) by a pre-stimulus called pre-pulse inhibition (PPI, for gap of silence pre-stimulus: GPIAS) is a versatile tool to, e.g., estimate hearing thresholds or identify subjective tinnitus percepts in rodents. A proper application of these paradigms depends on a reliable measurement of the ASR amplitudes and an exact stimulus presentation in terms of frequency and intensity. Here, we introduce a novel open-source solution for the construction of a low-cost ASR setup. The complete software for data acquisition and stimulus presentation is written in Python 3.6 and is provided as an Anaconda package. Furthermore, we provide a construction plan for the sensor system based on low-cost hardware components. Exemplary GPIAS data from two animal models (Mus musculus, Meriones unguiculatus) show that the ratio histograms (1-GPIAS) of the gap-pre-stimulus and no pre-stimulus ASR amplitudes can be well described by a log-normal distribution being in good accordance to previous studies with already established setups. Furthermore, it can be shown that the PPI as a function of pre-stimulus intensity (threshold paradigm) can be approximated with a hard-sigmoid function enabling a reproducible sensory threshold estimation. Thus, we show that the open-source solution could help to further establish the ASR method in many laboratories and, thus, facilitate and standardize research in animal models of tinnitus and/or hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gerum
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Center for Medical Physics and Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hinrich Rahlfs
- Experimental Otolaryngology, ENT-Hospital, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Multimedia Communications and Signal Processing, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Streb
- Experimental Otolaryngology, ENT-Hospital, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Multimedia Communications and Signal Processing, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Krauss
- Experimental Otolaryngology, ENT-Hospital, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group at the Chair of English Philology and Linguistics, Department of English and American Studies, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jannik Grimm
- Experimental Otolaryngology, ENT-Hospital, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claus Metzner
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Center for Medical Physics and Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Tziridis
- Experimental Otolaryngology, ENT-Hospital, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Günther
- Multimedia Communications and Signal Processing, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Schulze
- Experimental Otolaryngology, ENT-Hospital, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Walter Kellermann
- Multimedia Communications and Signal Processing, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Achim Schilling
- Experimental Otolaryngology, ENT-Hospital, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group at the Chair of English Philology and Linguistics, Department of English and American Studies, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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