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Wu S, Zhong J, Lei Q, Song H, Chen SF, Wahla AQ, Bhatt K, Chen S. New roles for Bacillus thuringiensis in the removal of environmental pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116699. [PMID: 37481057 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
For a long time, the well-known Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been extensively studied and developed as a biological insecticide for Lepidoptera and Coleoptera pests due to its ability to secrete a large number of specific insecticidal proteins. In recent years, studies have found that Bt strains can also potentially biodegrade residual pollutants in the environment. Many researchers have isolated Bt strains from multiple sites polluted by exogenous compounds and characterized and identified their xenobiotic-degrading potential. Furthermore, its pathway for degradation was also investigated at molecular level, and a number of major genes/enzymes responsible for degradation have been explored. At present, a variety of xenobiotics involved in degradation in Bt have been reported, including inorganic pollutants (used in the field of heavy metal biosorption and recovery and precious metal recovery and regeneration), pesticides (chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, 2,2-dichloropropionic acid, etc.), organic tin, petroleum and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, reactive dyes (congo red, methyl orange, methyl blue, etc.), and ibuprofen, among others. In this paper, the biodegrading ability of Bt is reviewed according to the categories of related pollutants, so as to emphasize that Bt is a powerful agent for removing environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiqi Lei
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Haoran Song
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shao-Fang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Abdul Qadeer Wahla
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Kalpana Bhatt
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Shaohua Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Panhwer SN, Gadahi JA, Luo Q, Huang C, Liu W, Lanlan J, Chen Z. The anthelmintic potential of Bacillus thuringiensis to counter the Anthelmintic resistance against Haemonchus contortus. Exp Parasitol 2023; 250:108533. [PMID: 37072106 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus) has developed resistance to nearly all available anthelmintic medications. Hence, alternative strategies are required to counter anthelmintic resistance. The present study investigated the anthelmintic potential of Bacillus thuringiensis (B. thuringiensis) against H. contortus. Bacterialspp were identified by conventional methods and confirmed by PCR; In addition, PCR amplification of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene detected B. thuringiensis at 750 base pairs (bps). The amplified products were sequenced, and the sequence data were confirmed using the Basic Local Alignment Tool (BLAST), which showed a significant alignment (97.98%) with B. thuringiensis and B. cereus. B. thuringiensis were selected to isolate purified crystal proteins (toxins), The protein profile confirmed by SDS-PAGE showed three prominent bands at 70, 36, and 15 kDa. In addition, the larval development of H. contortus was examined in vitro using two different treatments. Purified crystal protein diluted in 10 mM NaCl at a concentration of 2mg/ml significantly reduced (P < 0.001) larval development by 75.10% compared to 1 × 108 CFU/ml spore-crystal suspension reduced (43.97%). The findings of in vitro experiments indicated that purified crystal protein was more toxic to the H. contortus larva than the spore-crystal suspension and control group. Moreover, To test the antinematodal effects of B. thuringiensis toxins in vivo, we chose 12 male goats (6 months old) and reared these animals in parasite-free conditions. We performed Fecal egg count reduction tests (FECRT) on samples collected before and after treatment at various times denotes 48 hours post-treatment with Purified crystal proteins was significantly decreased (842 ± 19.07) EPG compared to 24 (2560 ± 233.66) and 12 hours (4020 ± 165.22). Similarly, after 48 hours of treatment, the FECRT of the Spores-crystal mix was reduced (2920 ± 177.20) EPG followed by 24- and 12-hour denotes (4500 ± 137.84) and (4760 ± 112.24), respectively. Results of the above experiment suggested that purified crystal proteins have more anthelmintic potential in vivo. Current findings determine that B. thuringiensis toxin against H. contortus could be used in small ruminants to counter anthelmintic resistance. This study also suggested that future research structured on these proteins' pharmacokinetics and mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Noor Panhwer
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Javaid Ali Gadahi
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan.
| | - Qihui Luo
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Lanlan
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Sanders J, Xie Y, Gazzola D, Li H, Abraham A, Flanagan K, Rus F, Miller M, Hu Y, Guynn S, Draper A, Vakalapudi S, Petersson KH, Zarlenga D, Li RW, Urban JF, Ostroff GR, Zajac A, Aroian RV. A new paraprobiotic-based treatment for control of Haemonchus contortus in sheep. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2020; 14:230-236. [PMID: 33242790 PMCID: PMC7695930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is a critical parasite of goats and sheep. Infection by this blood-feeding gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasite has significant health consequences, especially in lambs and kids. The parasite has developed resistance to virtually all known classes of small molecule anthelmintics used to treat it, giving rise in some areas to multidrug resistant parasites that are very difficult to control. Thus, new anthelmintics are urgently needed. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crystal protein 5B (Cry5B), a naturally occurring protein made by a bacterium widely and safely used around the world as a bioinsecticide, represents a new non-small molecule modality for treating GINs. Cry5B has demonstrated anthelmintic activities against parasites of monogastric animals, including some related to those that infect humans, but has not yet been studied in a ruminant. Here we show that H. contortus adults are susceptible to Cry5B protein in vitro. Cry5B produced in its natural form as a spore-crystal lysate against H. contortus infections in goats had no significant efficacy. However, a new Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) paraprobiotic form of Cry5B called IBaCC (Inactivated Bacterium with Cytosolic Crystals), in which Cry5B crystals are encapsulated in dead Bt cell wall ghosts, showed excellent efficacy in vitro against larval stages of H. contortus and relative protein stability in bovine rumen fluid. When given to sheep experimentally infected with H. contortus as three 60 mg/kg doses, Cry5B IBaCC resulted in significant reductions in fecal egg counts (90%) and parasite burdens (72%), with a very high impact on female parasites (96% reduction). These data indicate that Cry5B IBaCC is a potent new treatment tool for small ruminants in the battle against H. contortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Sanders
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Yue Xie
- United State Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - David Gazzola
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Hanchen Li
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Ambily Abraham
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Kelly Flanagan
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Florentina Rus
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Melanie Miller
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yan Hu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA; Biology Department, Worcester State University, Worcester, MA, 01602, USA
| | - Sierra Guynn
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Austin Draper
- Synthetic Biomanufacturing Facility, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - Sridhar Vakalapudi
- Synthetic Biomanufacturing Facility, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - Katherine H Petersson
- Department of Fisheries, Animal, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Dante Zarlenga
- United State Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Robert W Li
- United State Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Joseph F Urban
- United State Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA; United State Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Gary R Ostroff
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Anne Zajac
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Raffi V Aroian
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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