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Le HV, Dao NT, Bui HT, Kim Le PT, Le KA, Tuong Tran AT, Nguyen KD, Mai Nguyen HH, Ho PH. Bacterial Cellulose Aerogels Derived from Pineapple Peel Waste for the Adsorption of Dyes. ACS Omega 2023; 8:33412-33425. [PMID: 37744831 PMCID: PMC10515182 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Valorization of pineapple peel waste is an attractive research topic because of the huge quantities of this byproduct generated from pineapple processing industries. In this study, the extract from pineapple waste was collected to produce a hydrogel-like form containing bacterial cellulose fibers with a three-dimensional structure and nanoscale diameter by the Acetobacter xylinum fermentation process. The bacterial cellulose suspension was subsequently activated by freeze-drying, affording lightweight aerogels as potential adsorbents in wastewater treatment, in particular the adsorptive removal of organic dyes. Intensive tests were carried out with the adsorption of methylene blue, a typical cationic dye, to investigate the influence of adsorption conditions (temperature, pH, initial dye concentration, time, and experiment scale) and aerogel-preparation parameters (grinding time and bacterial cellulose concentration). The bacterial cellulose-based aerogels exhibited high adsorption capacity not only for methylene blue but also for other cationic dyes, including malachite green, rhodamine B, and crystal violet (28-49 mg/g). However, its activity was limited for most of the anionic dyes, such as methyl orange, sunset yellow, and quinoline yellow, due to the repulsion of these anionic dyes with the aerogel surface, except for the case of congo red. It is also an anionic dye but has two amine groups providing a strong interaction with the hydroxyl group of the aerogel via hydrogen bonding. Indeed, the aerogel has a substantially large congo red-trapping capacity of 101 mg/g. Notably, the adsorption process exhibited similar performances, upscaling the solution volume to 50 times. The utilization of abundant agricultural waste in the simple aerogel preparation to produce a highly efficient and biodegradable adsorbent is the highlight of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Vu Le
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City
University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 740010, Viet Nam
- Vietnam
National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi
Minh City 740010, Viet Nam
| | - Nghia Thi Dao
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City
University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 740010, Viet Nam
- Vietnam
National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi
Minh City 740010, Viet Nam
| | - Ha Truc Bui
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City
University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 740010, Viet Nam
- Vietnam
National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi
Minh City 740010, Viet Nam
| | - Phung Thi Kim Le
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City
University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 740010, Viet Nam
- Vietnam
National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi
Minh City 740010, Viet Nam
| | - Kien Anh Le
- Institute
for Tropical Technology and Environmental Protection, 57A Truong Quoc Dung, Phu Nhuan
District, Ho Chi Minh City 726500, Viet Nam
| | - An Thi Tuong Tran
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City
University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 740010, Viet Nam
- Vietnam
National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi
Minh City 740010, Viet Nam
| | - Khoa Dang Nguyen
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City
University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 740010, Viet Nam
- Vietnam
National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi
Minh City 740010, Viet Nam
| | - Hanh Huynh Mai Nguyen
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City
University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 740010, Viet Nam
- Vietnam
National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi
Minh City 740010, Viet Nam
| | - Phuoc Hoang Ho
- Chemical
Engineering, Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
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Amara C, El Mahdi A, Akman PK, Medimagh R, Tornuk F, Khwaldia K. Use of cellulose microfibers from olive pomace to reinforce green composites for sustainable packaging applications. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5102-5113. [PMID: 37701209 PMCID: PMC10494640 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To valorize abundant, unexploited, and low-cost agro-industrial by-products, olive pomace is proposed as a sustainable and renewable raw material for cellulose microfibers (CMFs) production. In this study, CMFs were extracted from olive pomace using alkaline and bleaching treatments and characterized in terms of morphological, structural, and thermal properties. Afterward, the reinforcing capability of microfibers was examined using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a polymer matrix by the solvent casting process. The effects of CMF loading (1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%) on the composites' mechanical, physical, morphological, and thermal properties were assessed. CMF incorporation led to a decrease in moisture content (MC), water solubility (WS), and water vapor permeability (WVP) and an increase in tensile strength (TS), stiffness and transparency values, and thermal stability of CMC films. Increasing CMF content to 5%, increased the TS and elasticity modulus by 54% and 79%, respectively, and reduced the WVP and light transmissivity at 280 nm, by 22% and 47%, respectively. The highest water, moisture, light barrier, and mechanical properties of composites were reached at 5% CMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrine Amara
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles, Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico‐chimique (INRAP)BiotechPole Sidi ThabetArianaTunisia
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet (ISBST)University of ManoubaArianaTunisia
| | - Ayoub El Mahdi
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles, Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico‐chimique (INRAP)BiotechPole Sidi ThabetArianaTunisia
| | - Perihan Kubra Akman
- Food Engineering Department, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering FacultyYildiz Technical University, Davutpasa CampusEsenler, IstanbulTurkey
| | - Raouf Medimagh
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles, Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico‐chimique (INRAP)BiotechPole Sidi ThabetArianaTunisia
| | - Fatih Tornuk
- Food Engineering Department, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering FacultyYildiz Technical University, Davutpasa CampusEsenler, IstanbulTurkey
| | - Khaoula Khwaldia
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles, Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico‐chimique (INRAP)BiotechPole Sidi ThabetArianaTunisia
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Naeem M, Imran M, Latif S, Ashraf A, Hussain N, Boczkaj G, Smułek W, Jesionowski T, Bilal M. Multifunctional catalyst-assisted sustainable reformation of lignocellulosic biomass into environmentally friendly biofuel and value-added chemicals. Chemosphere 2023; 330:138633. [PMID: 37030343 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Rapid urbanization is increasing the world's energy demand, making it necessary to develop alternative energy sources. These growing energy needs can be met by the efficient energy conversion of biomass, which can be done by various means. The use of effective catalysts to transform different types of biomasses will be a paradigm change on the road to the worldwide goal of economic sustainability and environmental protection. The development of alternative energy from biomass is not easy, due to the uneven and complex components present in lignocellulose; accordingly, the majority of biomass is currently processed as waste. The problems may be overcome by the design of multifunctional catalysts, offering adequate control over product selectivity and substrate activation. Hence, this review describes recent developments involving various catalysts such as metallic oxides, supported metal or composite metal oxides, char-based and carbon-based substances, metal carbides and zeolites, with reference to the catalytic conversion of biomass including cellulose, hemicellulose, biomass tar, lignin and their derivative compounds into useful products, including bio-oil, gases, hydrocarbons, and fuels. The main aim is to provide an overview of the latest work on the use of catalysts for successful conversion of biomass. The review ends with conclusions and suggestions for future research, which will assist researchers in utilizing these catalysts for the safe conversion of biomass into valuable chemicals and other products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naeem
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Shoomaila Latif
- School of Physical Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland; EkoTech Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Wojciech Smułek
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965, Poznan, Poland.
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Al-Awa ZA, Sangor FIM, Babili SB, Saud A, Saleem H, Zaidi SJ. Effect of Leaf Powdering Technique on the Characteristics of Date Palm-Derived Cellulose. ACS Omega 2023; 8:18930-18939. [PMID: 37273633 PMCID: PMC10233850 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the oldest cultivated tree and is very commonly seen in the Arab countries. In recent times, researchers are working on the conversion of the plant-based biowaste into value-added products. Cellulose is identified as one of the best options to be synthesized from plant-based materials due to its immense application possibilities. It is a natural hydrophilic polymer consisting of linear chains of 1,4-β-d-anhydroglucose units, and the most used method for cellulose extraction is acidic hydrolysis. However, in this study, a very sustainable, ecofriendly, and simple process of isolating cellulose from date palm leaves is discussed. In this study, the best mechanical approach (ball milling, grinding, or its combination) for changing the leaves into powder form, as well as the sustainable and simple chemical extraction of cellulose from those date palm leaves, is analyzed. SEM analyses confirmed that the mechanical treatment process affected the appearance of the cellulose formed. Raman spectrum confirmed the difference in stretching vibrations among the cellulose obtained. From the results obtained, it was noted that cellulose derived utilizing the grinding technique and subsequent chemical treatment was considered as the finest cellulose prepared with respect to its properties and structure, and the greatest yield obtained for Cellulose 2 was 42%. As a future scope, this cellulose developed can be used to produce advanced materials like nanocellulose.
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Dumkor T, Poompradub S. Microcrystalline cellulose from Para rubber leaves as an additive for superabsorbent polymers. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123556. [PMID: 36746303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study prepared microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from the Para rubber leaves (RL) via mechanical and chemical treatments in order to reduce the amount of waste RL by making it a value added product. The obtained MCC had a cellulose content of 61 % with a high crystallinity index of 67.35 %. The MCC-graft-polyacrylate (MCC-g-PA) was then prepared using N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) at 0.05 wt% of acrylic acid via radical polymerization, and was then used as an additive in PA superabsorbent polymers (SAP). The presence of 0.05 g MCC-g-PA in PA (0.1 g) was found to exhibit a 1.17-fold greater water absorbency than the neat PA SAP, which was due to the increased level of hydroxyl and carboxylate groups from the added MCC-g-PA. The MCC-g-PA/PA SAP exhibited a similar reusability to the commercial SAP and could be degraded via cellulase and laccase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tipapan Dumkor
- Program in Petrochemistry and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirilux Poompradub
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Green Materials for Industrial Application, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Roat P, Hada S, Chechani B, Prasher P, Singh Rawat D, Kumar Yadav D, Kumar S, Kumari N. Isolation and Characterization of Fractionated Cellulose from
Madhuca indica. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Roat
- Department of Chemistry Mohanlal Sukhadia University 313001 Udaipur India
| | - Sonal Hada
- Department of Chemistry Mohanlal Sukhadia University 313001 Udaipur India
| | - Bhawna Chechani
- Department of Chemistry Mohanlal Sukhadia University 313001 Udaipur India
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry University Petroleum and Energy Studies 248007 Dehradun India
| | - Devendra Singh Rawat
- Department of Chemistry University Petroleum and Energy Studies 248007 Dehradun India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry Mohanlal Sukhadia University 313001 Udaipur India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology 842003 Muzaffarpur India
- Department of Pharmacy Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology 842003 Muzaffarpur India
| | - Neetu Kumari
- Department of Chemistry Mohanlal Sukhadia University 313001 Udaipur India
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C A A, P N, K K, G VS. Bio-based cellulose supported copper oxide nanoparticles for the reduction of nitro-aromatic compounds. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Senila L, Scurtu DA, Kovacs E, Levei EA, Cadar O, Becze A, Varaticeanu C. High-Pressure Supercritical CO 2 Pretreatment of Apple Orchard Waste for Carbohydrates Production Using Response Surface Methodology and Method Uncertainty Evaluation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227783. [PMID: 36431882 PMCID: PMC9692898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study's objective was to separate cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin after high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide pretreatment for further valorization. The study investigated the supercritical carbon dioxide pretreatment of apple orchard waste at temperatures of 160-200 °C, for 15-45 min, at a pressure of 10 MPa. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the supercritical process and to improve its efficiency. The change of functional groups during different pretreatment conditions was examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the structural changes in the biomass structure before and after pretreatment. A new ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) method was developed and validated for the determination of carbohydrates in the liquid fraction that resulted after pretreatment. The estimated uncertainty of the method ranged from 16.9 to 20.8%. The pre-treatment of high-pressure supercritical CO2 appears to be an effective and promising technique for the recovery of sugars and secondary by-products without the use of toxic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacrimioara Senila
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-264-420-590
| | - Daniela Alexandra Scurtu
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eniko Kovacs
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Erika Andrea Levei
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Cadar
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Becze
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cerasel Varaticeanu
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Pato U, Yusmarini, Riftyan E, Rossi E, Hidayat R, Anjani SF, Riadi N, Octaviani IN, Agrina, Syukri D, Surono IS. Probiotic Properties of Lactobacillus fermentum InaCC B1295 Encapsulated by Cellulose Microfiber from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches. Fermentation 2022; 8:602. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8110602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims at an in vitro characterization of the acid and bile tolerance of Lactobacillus fermentum InaCC B1295 (LFB1295) encapsulated with hydrogel cellulose microfibers (CMF) from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFBs). The viability at different storage temperatures was assessed. The experimental design used in this research was an in vitro trial. The microencapsulated probiotic was stored at 25 °C and 4 °C for 28 days. LFB1295 encapsulated with cellulose microfiber hydrogel from OPEFB showed a stable viability of probiotic bacteria at pH 2 and 0.5% (m/v) oxgall. In addition, the microencapsulation maintained the viability at 25 °C and 4 °C at 0, 14, and 28 days. The characterization of the encapsulant CMF-OPEFB showed that the thickness of CMF was in the range of 5–15 μm, and XRD patterns showed that CMF was of the cellulose I type with a crystallinity index of 77.08%. Based on its resistance to hydrogen peroxide, ability to scavenge DPPH radicals, and activity in scavenging hydroxyl radicals, LFB1295 encapsulated with CMF hydrogel of OPEFB exhibits antioxidant properties as good as the scavenging ability of DPPH radicals with IC50 of 36.880, 188.530, and 195.358 µg/mL, respectively, during storage for 0, 14, and 28 days at room and refrigerated temperature. Furthermore, hydroxyl radicals (HR)-scavenging activity showed an increased inhibition along with the increasing concentration of the Fenton reaction and decreasing concentration of cell-free supernatant (CFS) during storage time. In vitro safety tests, including hemolytic activity, biogenic amines, cytolysin, and gelatinase production, showed that the encapsulated LFB1295 was safe to use as a probiotic. The results of the inhibitory activity against hydrogen peroxide LFB1295 show that the higher the concentration of H2O2, the lower the inhibition value during 28 days of storage. Based on the storage temperature, the inhibition of LAB against H2O2 based on different storage temperatures showed a better level of the inhibition at cold temperatures compared to at room temperature.
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Gonzalez M, Pereira-rojas J, Villanueva I, Agüero B, Silva I, Velasquez I, Delgado B, Hernandez J, Rodriguez G, Labrador H, Barros H, Pereira J. Preparation and characterization of cellulose fibers from Meghatyrsus maximus: Applications in its chemical derivatives. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 296:119918. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Jacob Rani BS, Venkatachalam S. A neoteric approach for the complete valorization of Typha angustifolia leaf biomass: A drive towards environmental sustainability. J Environ Manage 2022; 318:115579. [PMID: 35763999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exploring new biomass resources and developing a sustainable process for holistic utilization has become crucial due to the high demand for bio-based chemicals as alternatives to petrochemicals. Herein, we describe a novel approach to valorize the Typha angustifolia leaves, underutilized biomass into cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin nanoparticles. The process was framed in a sequence to isolate hemicellulose in the first step due to its highly reactive nature and then separate cellulose and lignin. Among the various natural deep eutectic solvents used in screening experiments, LA/ChCl (2:1) was chosen for hemicellulose solubilization and a dissolution yield of 95.97 ± 1.8% was obtained in 30 min at 240 W microwave power. Then the residual solid was delignified using NaOCl2 at 180 W microwave power and a yield of 97 ± 0.75% was obtained in 15 min. Dissolved hemicellulose and lignin were precipitated using anti-solvents. The proposed approach achieved a recovery yield of 95.5 ± 1.2% cellulose, 91.9 ± 2.6% hemicellulose and 89.5 ± 1.6% lignin. Subsequently, the isolated particles were converted into nanoparticles by intense ultrasonication. Spherical shaped nanocellulose, nanohemicellulose and nanolignin were obtained with an average size of 76 ± 7 nm, 86 ± 9 nm, and 64 ± 5 nm, respectively. The produced nanocellulose had a crystallinity of 77.36% with the thermal stability of 265 °C. Nanohemicellulose and nanolignin were found to be semicrystalline with thermal stability up to 245 °C and 275 °C, respectively. The characterization results of the nanoparticles isolated from Typha angustifolia leaves are indicative of their wide range of biomedical and material science applications. This research could open a window for complete utilization of biomass in biorefinery and sustainable management of an invasive plant Typha angustifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baby Salini Jacob Rani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - Sivakumar Venkatachalam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India.
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Bangar SP, Harussani M, Ilyas R, Ashogbon AO, Singh A, Trif M, Jafari SM. Surface modifications of cellulose nanocrystals: Processes, properties, and applications. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Raza M, Abu-Jdayil B, Banat F, Al-Marzouqi AH. Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Date Palm Waste. ACS Omega 2022; 7:25366-25379. [PMID: 35910104 PMCID: PMC9330260 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the isolation, characterization, and kinetic analyses of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from date palm waste in the United Arab Emirates. After bleaching date palm stem waste with acidified NaClO2 and delignification via NaOH treatments, cellulose was extracted. Mineral acid hydrolysis (62 wt % H2SO4) was performed at 45 °C for 45 min to produce crystalline nanocellulose. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and chemical composition analysis confirmed the removal of noncellulosic constituents. The crystallinity index increased gradually with chemical treatments, according to the obtained X-ray diffraction (XRD) results. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry results revealed that the CNC has high thermal stability. The Coats-Redfern method was used to determine the kinetic parameters. The kinetic analysis confirmed that CNC has more activation energy than cellulose and thus confirms its compact and resistive crystalline structure. This has been attributable to the stronger hydrogen bonding in CNC crystalline domains than that in cellulose crystalline domains. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that lignin and hemicellulose were eliminated after chemical pretreatments, and CNC with a rodlike shape was obtained after hydrolysis. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy confirmed the nanoscale of crystalline cellulose. ζ potential analysis indicated that the CNC afforded a stable suspension (-29.27 mV), which is less prone to flocculation. Kinetic analyses of cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals isolated from date palm waste are useful for making composites and designing selective pyrolysis reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Raza
- Chemical
and Petroleum Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basim Abu-Jdayil
- Chemical
and Petroleum Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- National
Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates
University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- . Tel: +971 3 7135317. Fax: +971 3 7624262
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali H. Al-Marzouqi
- Chemical
and Petroleum Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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14
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Hossain MM, Subbiah VK, Siddiquee S. Augmented Retting Effect on Kenaf Fibers Using Alkalophilic Pectinase-Producing Bacteria in Combination with Water Solvents. Applied Sciences 2022; 12:7136. [DOI: 10.3390/app12147136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A degumming approach is used in this paper with alkalophilic pectinase-producing bacteria (APPB) and two sources of water solvents to address the existing conventional water retting complexities of kenaf. The incorporation of APPB was confirmed based on their retting feasibilities and multiple cell-wall-degrading enzymatic delicacy. The combinations of APPB with seawater offered retting achievements within six-day retting in non-sterile conditions. These retting niches showed maximum (14.67 U/mL) pectinase activity with fiber separation feasibilities of 4.75 Fried test score. The yielded fiber composition analysis showed a higher cellulose composition (84.65%) and the least amount of hemicellulose, pectin, and ligneous gummy substances. The transmission electron microscopy scan of the yielded fibers showed smooth fiber surfaces, 84.20 µm fiber diameter, and 7.65 g/tex fine fiber compared with uninoculated and combinations of freshwater treatments. The FTIR spectra revealed the cellulosic discrepancies of the retting treatments by monitoring O-H and C=O stretching at ~3300 cm−1 and ~1730 cm−1 wavenumbers. These findings are compelling to yield kenaf fibers of quality considering the existing retting difficulties.
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15
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Worku LA, Bachheti RK, Tadesse MG, Perez VH. Isolation and Characterization of Natural Cellulose from Oxytenanthera abyssinica (Lowland Ethiopian Bamboo) Using Alkali Peroxide Bleaching Stages Followed by Aqueous Chlorite in Buffer Solution. INT J POLYM SCI 2022; 2022:1-15. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5155552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are the primary sources of cellulose. This paper is aimed at isolating cellulose from Oxytenanthera abyssinica via chemical treatments. The thermal behavior, functional group, chemical composition, crystallinity, and morphology of raw (ROA), dewaxed (DOA), alkali-treated (AOA), and bleached (BOA) fibers were examined. TGA, FTIR, DSC, DTA, XRD, and SEM were used for characterization techniques. The effects of chemical treatments were examined by determining the content of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash. The cellulose content in the ROA improved from
wt% to
wt% due to the removal of noncellulose components using waxing, alkali treatment, and bleaching with alkali peroxide bleaching stages followed by aqueous chlorite in buffer solution. The highest content of cellulose and holocellulose was exhibited in the BOA samples with a yield of
wt% and
wt%, respectively. ROA had greater hemicellulose (
wt%), lignin (
wt%), and ash content (
wt%) in comparison to AOA and BOA. The XRD data showed a change in crystallinity after each treatment. Because of the high amount of crystalline cellulose, the XRD results revealed that BOA has a higher crystallinity index (CrI) (59.89%) and peak intensity than AOA, DOA, and ROA. The strength of the FTIR peaks increased in the order of ROA, DOA, AOA, and BOA, indicating that pretreatment causes hemicellulose and lignin to be gradually removed from the Oxytenanthera abyssinica fiber. The TGA, DTG, DTA, and DSC data also confirmed that BOA has the highest thermal stability due to the high content of cellulose. The SEM analysis showed a morphological change in the surface due to chemical treatment. These results confirmed that through chemical pretreatment, a high amount of cellulose was produced from Oxytenanthera abyssinica. Even though Oxytenanthera abyssinica is commonly grown in Ethiopia, few studies have been done on it, and no works have been carried out to isolate and characterize cellulose from the plant. Thus, the findings in this work will encourage researchers to use Oxytenanthera abyssinica as a source of cellulose for various applications, including the manufacture of cellulose nanocrystals, polymer matrix biofilters, green biocomposite reinforcing agents, and hydrogel synthesis.
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16
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Rani BSJ, Venkatachalam S. Cleaner approach for the cascade production of nanocellulose, nanohemicellulose and nanolignin from Prosopis juliflora. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 294:119807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruheen Khan
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
| | - Reshma Jolly
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
| | - Tooba Fatima
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
| | - Mohammad Shakir
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
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18
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Liu L, Li S, Zhao C, Chen Y, Han J, Li Y, Xiang D, Li H, Guo M. Carbonized sunflower core based strain sensor for monitoring human motion. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
| | - Siyu Li
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
| | - Yunxin Chen
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
| | - Jin Han
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
| | - Yuntao Li
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
- State Key Lab of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
| | - Dong Xiang
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
| | - Hui Li
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
| | - Min Guo
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
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19
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Mohammad AF, Dar Saleh AF, Khoukhi M, Al-marzouqi AH. A New Method for Capturing CO2 from Effluent Gases Using a Rice-Based Product. Energies 2022; 15:2287. [DOI: 10.3390/en15062287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In 2013, UAE imported around 772 million kilograms of rice, making it one of the largest consumers of this popular grain in the world. However, 40% of rice available in the market is discarded, contributing to the country’s CO2 footprint. Given that CO2 emissions are recognized as a significant contributor to climate change and efforts aimed at their reduction are proving insufficient for combatting the global increase in temperature, various approaches aimed at its removal from the atmosphere have been proposed. The goal of this study is to contribute to this initiative by proposing a new method for CO2 removal based on a special gas contact device filled with buffered puffed rice cakes obtained by heating in a purposely designed sealed chamber at high pressure to obtain layers with 9−12 mm thickness. The resulting cakes are subsequently immersed in a sodium hydroxide liquor (0.25−2.5 M) to increase the moisture content to 5% and pH to >11.0. In the experiments, different rice structures (stacked layers, rice grains, and multi-spaced layers) were tested, varying the CO2 percentage in the simulated effluent gas (1−15%). The highest CO2 uptake value (7.52 × 10−3 mole CO2/cm2 rice cake surface area) was achieved using 10% CO2 and a 500 mL/min flow rate with rice cakes of 80 mm diameter, comprising 12 mm thick layers that occupied 20% of the device volume. These results indicate that the proposed design exhibits high CO2 removal efficiency and should be further optimized in future investigations.
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20
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Im J, Lee S, Jo I, Kang JW, Kim K. Structural characteristics and thermal properties of regenerated cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin after being dissolved in ionic liquids. J IND ENG CHEM 2022; 107:365-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Pattnaik F, Nanda S, Kumar V, Naik S, Dalai AK, Mohanty MK. Extraction of sugars and cellulose fibers from
Cannabis
stems by hydrolysis, pulping and bleaching. Chem Eng Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Pattnaik
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon S7N 5A9 Saskatchewan Canada
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Sonil Nanda
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon S7N 5A9 Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Satyanarayan Naik
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Ajay K. Dalai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon S7N 5A9 Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Mahendra K. Mohanty
- Department of Farm Machinery and Power Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology Bhubaneswar 751003 Odisha India
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22
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Handoko F, Yusuf Y. Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Poly(vinyl) Alcohol Nanocomposites Reinforced with Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Tea ( Camellia sinensis) Waste. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14237154. [PMID: 34885307 PMCID: PMC8658244 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to utilize cellulose from tea waste as nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), which is used as a filler in poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) nanocomposites. To obtain the NCC, a chemical process was conducted in the form of alkali treatment, followed by bleaching and hydrolysis. Nanocomposites were formed by mixing PVA with various NCC suspensions. With chemical treatment, lignin and hemicellulose can be removed from the tea waste to obtain NCC. This can be seen in the functional groups of cellulose and the increase in crystallinity. The NCC had a mean diameter of 6.99 ± 0.50 nm. Furthermore, the addition of NCC to the PVA nanocomposite influenced the properties of the nanocomposites. This can be seen in the general increase in opacity value, thermal and mechanical properties, and crystallinity, as well as the decrease in the value of the swelling ratio after adding NCC. This study has revealed that NCC from tea waste can be used to improve the physicochemical properties of PVA film.
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23
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Syuhada DN, Azura AR. Waste Natural Polymers as Potential Fillers for Biodegradable Latex-Based Composites: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3600. [PMID: 34685359 PMCID: PMC8541419 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, biodegradable composites have become important in various fields because of the increasing awareness of the global environment. Waste natural polymers have received much attention as renewable, biodegradable, non-toxic and low-cost filler in polymer composites. In order to exploit the high potential for residual natural loading in latex composites, different types of surface modification techniques have been applied. This review discusses the preparation and characterization of the modified waste natural fillers for latex-based composites. The potency of the waste natural filler for the latex-based composites was explored with a focus on the mechanical, thermal, biodegradability and filler-latex interaction. This review also offers an update on the possible application of the waste natural filler towards the biodegradability of the latex-based composites for a more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. R. Azura
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia;
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24
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Shaikh HM, Anis A, Poulose AM, Al-Zahrani SM, Madhar NA, Alhamidi A, Alam MA. Isolation and Characterization of Alpha and Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) Trunk Mesh. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111893. [PMID: 34200274 PMCID: PMC8200950 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pure cellulosic polymers obtained from waste lignocellulose offer great potential for designing novel materials in the concept of biorefinery. In this work, alpha-cellulose and nanocrystalline cellulose were isolated from the date palm trunk mesh (DPTM) through a series of physicochemical treatments. Supercritical carbon dioxide treatment was used to remove soluble extractives, and concentrated alkali pretreatment was used to eliminate the lignin portion selectively to obtain alpha-cellulose in approximately 94% yield. Further treatments of this cellulose yielded nanocrystalline cellulose. The structure–property relationship studies were carried out by characterizing the obtained polymers by various standard methods and analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX-XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Almost 65% yield of pure cellulose was achieved, out of which 94% is the alpha-cellulose. This cellulose shows good thermal stability and crystallinity. The microscopic analysis of the nanocellulose showed a heterogeneous mix of irregular-shaped particles with a size range of 20–60 nm. The percentage crystallinity of alpha-cellulose and nanocellulose was found to be 68.9 and 71.8, respectively. Thus, this study shows that, this DPTM-based low-cost waste biomass can be a potential source to obtain cellulose and nano-cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid M. Shaikh
- SABIC Polymer Research Center (SPRC), Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.M.P.); (S.M.A.-Z.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-41-1176747
| | - Arfat Anis
- SABIC Polymer Research Center (SPRC), Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.M.P.); (S.M.A.-Z.); (A.A.)
| | - Anesh Manjaly Poulose
- SABIC Polymer Research Center (SPRC), Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.M.P.); (S.M.A.-Z.); (A.A.)
| | - Saeed M. Al-Zahrani
- SABIC Polymer Research Center (SPRC), Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.M.P.); (S.M.A.-Z.); (A.A.)
| | - Niyaz Ahamad Madhar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah Alhamidi
- SABIC Polymer Research Center (SPRC), Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.M.P.); (S.M.A.-Z.); (A.A.)
| | - Mohammad Asif Alam
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
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25
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Rana AK, Frollini E, Thakur VK. Cellulose nanocrystals: Pretreatments, preparation strategies, and surface functionalization. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1554-1581. [PMID: 34029581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have attracted great interest from researchers from academic and industrial areas because of their interesting structural features and unique physicochemical properties, such as magnificent mechanical strength, high surface area, and many hydroxyl groups for chemical modification, low density, and biodegradability. CNCs are an outstanding contender for applications in assorted fields comprehensive of, e.g., biomedical, electronic gadgets, water purifications, nanocomposites, membranes. Additionally, a persistent progression is going on in the extraction and surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals to fulfill the expanding need of producers to fabricate cellulose nanocrystals-based materials. In this review, the foundation of nanocellulose that emerged from lignocellulosic biomass and recent development in extraction/preparation of cellulose nanocrystals and different types of cellulose nanocrystal surface modification techniques are summed up. The different sorts of cellulose modification reactions that have been discussed are acetylation, oxidations, esterifications, etherifications, ion-pair formation, hydrogen bonding, silanization, nucleophilic substitution reactions, and so forth. The mechanisms of surface functionalization reactions are also introduced and considered concerning the impact on the reactions. Moreover, the primary association of cellulose and different forms of nanocellulose has likewise been examined for beginners in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabete Frollini
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, Macromolecular Materials and Lignocellulosic Fibers Group, Center for Science and Technology of BioResources, University of São Paulo, C.P. 780, São Carlos, SP CEP 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India.
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26
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Galiwango E, Al-marzuoqi AH, Khaleel AA, Abu-omar MM. Catalytic Depolymerization of Date Palm Waste to Valuable C5–C12 Compounds. Catalysts 2021; 11:371. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin depolymerization often requires multiple isolation steps to convert a lignocellulose matrix into high-value chemicals. In addition, lignin structural modification, low yields, and poor product characteristics remain challenges. Direct catalytic depolymerization of lignocellulose from date palm biomass was investigated. Production of high value chemicals heavily depends on optimization of different parameters and method of conversion. The goal of the study was to elucidate the role of different parameters on direct conversion of date palm waste in a bench reactor, targeting valuable C5–C12 compounds. The catalytic performance results demonstrated better liquid yields using a commercial alloy catalyst than with laboratory-prepared transition metal phosphide catalysts made using nickel, cobalt, and iron. According to the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results, C7–C8 compounds were the largest product fraction. The yield improved from 3.6% without a catalyst to 68.0% with a catalyst. The total lignin product yield was lower without a catalyst (16.0%) than with a catalyst (76.0%). There were substantial differences between the carbon distributions from the commercial alloy catalyst, supported transition metal phosphide catalyst, and catalyst-free processes. This may be due to differences between reaction pathways. Lab-made catalysts cracked the biomass to produce more gases than the alloy catalyst. The final pressure rose from 2 bar at the start of the experiment to 146.15 bar and 46.50 bar after the respective reactions. The particle size, solvent type, time, temperature, gas, and catalytic loading conditions were 180 µm, methanol, 6 h, 300 °C, nitrogen, and 5 wt %, respectively. The results from this study provide a deep understanding of the role of different process parameters, the positive attributes of the direct conversion method, and viability of date palm waste as a potential lignocellulose for production of high-value chemicals.
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27
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Cheng Y, Mondal AK, Wu S, Xu D, Ning D, Ni Y, Huang F. Study on the Anti-Biodegradation Property of Tunicate Cellulose. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3071. [PMID: 33371516 PMCID: PMC7767540 DOI: 10.3390/polym12123071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunicate is a kind of marine animal, and its outer sheath consists of almost pure Iβ crystalline cellulose. Due to its high aspect ratio, tunicate cellulose has excellent physical properties. It draws extensive attention in the construction of robust functional materials. However, there is little research on its biological activity. In this study, cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted on tunicate cellulose. During the hydrolysis, the crystalline behaviors, i.e., crystallinity index (CrI), crystalline size and degree of polymerization (DP), were analyzed on the tunicate cellulose. As comparisons, similar hydrolyses were performed on cellulose samples with relatively low CrI, namely α-cellulose and amorphous cellulose. The results showed that the CrI of tunicate cellulose and α-cellulose was 93.9% and 70.9%, respectively; and after 96 h of hydrolysis, the crystallinity, crystalline size and DP remained constant on the tunicate cellulose, and the cellulose conversion rate was below 7.8%. While the crystalline structure of α-cellulose was significantly damaged and the cellulose conversion rate exceeded 83.8% at the end of 72 h hydrolysis, the amorphous cellulose was completely converted to glucose after 7 h hydrolysis, and the DP decreased about 27.9%. In addition, tunicate cellulose has high anti-mold abilities, owing to its highly crystalized Iβ lattice. It can be concluded that tunicate cellulose has significant resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis and could be potentially applied as anti-biodegradation materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Cheng
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.C.); (A.K.M.); (S.W.); (D.X.); (D.N.)
| | - Ajoy Kanti Mondal
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.C.); (A.K.M.); (S.W.); (D.X.); (D.N.)
- Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Shuai Wu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.C.); (A.K.M.); (S.W.); (D.X.); (D.N.)
| | - Dezhong Xu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.C.); (A.K.M.); (S.W.); (D.X.); (D.N.)
| | - Dengwen Ning
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.C.); (A.K.M.); (S.W.); (D.X.); (D.N.)
| | - Yonghao Ni
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.C.); (A.K.M.); (S.W.); (D.X.); (D.N.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.C.); (A.K.M.); (S.W.); (D.X.); (D.N.)
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28
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Ejaz U, Muhammad S, Ali FI, Hashmi IA, Sohail M. Cellulose extraction from methyltrioctylammonium chloride pretreated sugarcane bagasse and its application. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:11-17. [PMID: 32987070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose, the most abundant feedstock of chemicals and energy is extracted from various agro-industrial wastes, such as sugarcane bagasse (SB). Pretreatment of SB with ionic liquids improves extraction of cellulose, yet the use of ionic liquid is hindered by its high cost. In this study, cellulose was extracted from SB pretreated with methyltrioctylammonium chloride under relatively mild conditions. The extracted cellulose from pretreated SB (PTB) and untreated SB (UTB) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and FTIR. Fermentation of cellulose extracted from PTB by a thermophilic bacterium, Bacillus aestuarii UE25, yielded 245.16% higher titers of cellulase than cellulose extracted from UTB. The recyclability of the IL was assessed to make the pretreatment process cost effective and was monitored through TLC and FTIR. The results of this research demonstrated the potential of ionic liquid pretreated SB for cellulose extraction and for its subsequent utilization in thermostable cellulase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uroosa Ejaz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Imran Ali Hashmi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
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29
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Cabrales H, Arzola N, Araque O. The effects of moisture content, fiber length and compaction time on African oil palm empty fruit bunches briquette quality parameters. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05607. [PMID: 33305051 PMCID: PMC7718462 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper a study on the process of densification of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) is presented. An empirical-statistical model that allows the evaluation of densification process is obtained through an experimental factorial design. The main purpose of the experimental arrangement is to find the appropriate reference values for the experimental factors - moisture content, fiber length and compaction time-with which optimal performance responses of briquettes are achieved. Statistical models are obtained that explain in an acceptable way the influence of independent experimental factors on the mechanical properties of briquettes, such as briquettes density, durability index and compressive strength. It is possible to conclude that briquettes manufactured with the appropriate reference values, moisture content of 8% w.b., fiber length of 73.6 mm and a compaction time of 26.6 s respectively, meet mechanical and thermal requirements that are required in the most representative standards for biomass briquettes for energy purposes. Results obtained in the current investigation can be used as reference for the design of an industrial pilot plant destined to the densification of EFB of African oil palm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huber Cabrales
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Mecatrónica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Nelson Arzola
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Mecatrónica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Oscar Araque
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Ibagué, Ibagué 730001, Colombia
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Galiwango E, Al-marzuoqi AH, Khaleel AA, Abu-omar MM. Investigation of Non-Isothermal Kinetics and Thermodynamic Parameters for the Pyrolysis of Different Date Palm Parts. Energies 2020; 13:6553. [DOI: 10.3390/en13246553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Using the thermalgravimetric technique, we investigated the non-isothermal combustion kinetics of abundant and low-cost date palm wastes (leaflet, rachis, fibers, and their composite) as potential biomass energy sources. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were determined by Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger–Akahila–Sunose (KAS), and Starink methods. Thermogravimetric analysis results showed a major peak for the degradation of volatiles between 127–138 °C with average percentage mass loss of 68.04 ± 1.5, 65.57 ± 0.6, 62.97 ± 5.5, and 59.26 ± 3.2, for rachis, composite, leaflet, and fibers, respectively. The FWO model showed the lowest activation energy, Eα, of 157 ± 25.6, 158 ± 25.7, 164 ± 40.1, and 169 ± 51.8 kJ mol−1 for the composite, rachis, leaflet, and fibers, respectively. The positive enthalpy values confirmed an endothermic pyrolysis reaction. For all models, a minimal difference of 4.40, 5.57, 6.55, and 7.51 kJ mol−1 between activation energy and enthalpy for rachis, fibers, composite, and leaflet ensued, respectively. The KAS model was best suited to describe chemical equilibrium with average ΔG values of 90.3 ± 28.8, 99.3 ± 34.9, 178.9 ± 27.3, and 186.5 ± 38.2 kJ mol−1 for rachis, fibers, composite, and leaflet, respectively. The reaction mechanism by the Malek and Popescu methods was ((g(α)=[−ln(1−α)]14) across the conversion range of 0.1–0.9 for all heating rates. The high energy content and volatile matter combined with low energy barriers make date palm waste a potential candidate in a biorefinery.
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Lubis R, Wirjosentono B, Eddyanto, Septevani AA. Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial activity of grafted cellulose fiber from durian rind waste. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kusmono, Listyanda RF, Wildan MW, Ilman MN. Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystal extracted from ramie fibers by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05486. [PMID: 33235939 PMCID: PMC7670211 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from ramie fibers through chemical pretreatments accompanied by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. The influences of both temperature and hydrolysis time on the properties of CNCs were discussed in the present study. The characterization of CNCs was conducted using FT-IR, XRD, TEM, and TGA. The results showed the characteristics of obtained CNCs were influenced significantly by both temperature and time of hydrolysis. The crystallinity, dimensions, and thermal stability of CNCs were found to reduce by increasing both temperature and reaction time of hydrolysis. The optimal hydrolysis parameters were achieved at 45 °C for 30 min with 58% sulfuric acid to produce CNCs, rod-like particles with a high crystallinity (90.77%), diameter (6.67 nm), length (145.61 nm), and best thermal stability among all CNCs. The obtained CNCs had a higher potential for application of alternative reinforcing fillers in the nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusmono
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Grafika No. 2, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - R. Faiz Listyanda
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Grafika No. 2, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Waziz Wildan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Grafika No. 2, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Noer Ilman
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Grafika No. 2, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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Pfeifer L, Classen B. The Cell Wall of Seagrasses: Fascinating, Peculiar and a Blank Canvas for Future Research. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:588754. [PMID: 33193541 PMCID: PMC7644952 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.588754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Seegrasses are a polyphyletic group of angiosperm plants, which evolved from early monocotyledonous land plants and returned to the marine environment around 140 million years ago. Today, seagrasses comprise the five families Zosteraceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Posidoniaceae, Cymodoceaceae, and Ruppiaceae and form important coastal ecosystems worldwide. Despite of this ecological importance, the existing literature on adaption of these angiosperms to the marine environment and especially their cell wall composition is limited up to now. A unique feature described for some seagrasses is the occurrence of polyanionic, low-methylated pectins mainly composed of galacturonic acid and apiose (apiogalacturonans). Furthermore, sulfated galactans have been detected in some species. Recently, arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), highly glycosylated proteins of the cell wall of land plants, have been isolated for the first time from a seagrass of the baltic sea. Obviously, seagrass cell walls are characterized by new combinations of structural polysaccharide and glycoprotein elements known from macroalgae and angiosperm land plants. In this review, current knowledge on cell walls of seagrasses is summarized and suggestions for future investigations are given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Birgit Classen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Gerassimidou S, Velis CA, Williams PT, Komilis D. Characterisation and composition identification of waste-derived fuels obtained from municipal solid waste using thermogravimetry: A review. Waste Manag Res 2020; 38:942-965. [PMID: 32705957 PMCID: PMC7498913 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x20941085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is the most widespread thermal analytical technique applied to waste materials. By way of critical review, we establish a theoretical framework for the use of TGA under non-isothermal conditions for compositional analysis of waste-derived fuels from municipal solid waste (MSW) (solid recovered fuel (SRF), or refuse-derived fuel (RDF)). Thermal behaviour of SRF/RDF is described as a complex mixture of several components at multiple levels (including an assembly of prevalent waste items, materials, and chemical compounds); and, operating conditions applied to TGA experiments of SRF/RDF are summarised. SRF/RDF mainly contains cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate. Polyvinyl chloride is also used in simulated samples, for its high chlorine content. We discuss the main limitations for TGA-based compositional analysis of SRF/RDF, due to inherently heterogeneous composition of MSW at multiple levels, overlapping degradation areas, and potential interaction effects among waste components and cross-contamination. Optimal generic TGA settings are highlighted (inert atmosphere and low heating rate (⩽10°C), sufficient temperature range for material degradation (⩾750°C), and representative amount of test portion). There is high potential to develop TGA-based composition identification and wider quality assurance and control methods using advanced thermo-analytical techniques (e.g. TGA with evolved gas analysis), coupled with statistical data analytics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Costas A Velis
- School of Civil Engineering,
University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul T Williams
- School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Dimitrios Komilis
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece
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Wang D, Liu R, Xie Y, Li J, Wang L. Fabrication of a laminated felt-like electromagnetic shielding material based on nickel-coated cellulose fibers via self-foaming effect in electroless plating process. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:954-961. [PMID: 32184138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable low-cost cellulose-based electronics has exhibited brighter prospects. In this study, a laminated felt-like electromagnetic shielding material was prepared by using cellulose paper as the matrix through the self-foaming effect in electroless nickel plating process in which an efficient palladium-free activation was conducted that alkaline sodium borohydride (NaBH4) reduced nickel ions into nickel cluster to initiate the plating process. NaOH concentration in NaBH4 solution, pH of the plating bath and the plating time affected the thickness, metal deposition and surface resistance of the electromagnetic shielding material. By understanding the morphology, inner structure, chemical component and thermal stability, the pH in the plating solution is a key for the preparation. When the pH was 8.51, the electromagnetic shielding effective reached 65 dB in the frequency ranges of 9 kHz to 1.5 GHz, which could shield more than 99.99% electromagnetic radiation. This work offers a novel and feasible path to develop functional cellulose-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Ruoting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yanjun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China.
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