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Corredor D, Duchicela J, Flores FJ, Maya M, Guerron E. Review of Explosive Contamination and Bioremediation: Insights from Microbial and Bio-Omic Approaches. TOXICS 2024; 12:249. [PMID: 38668472 PMCID: PMC11053648 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Soil pollution by TNT(2,4,6-trinitrotoluene), RDX(hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane), and HMX(octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine), resulting from the use of explosives, poses significant challenges, leading to adverse effects such as toxicity and alteration of microbial communities. Consequently, there is a growing need for effective bioremediation strategies to mitigate this damage. This review focuses on Microbial and Bio-omics perspectives within the realm of soil pollution caused by explosive compounds. A comprehensive analysis was conducted, reviewing 79 articles meeting bibliometric criteria from the Web of Science and Scopus databases from 2013 to 2023. Additionally, relevant patents were scrutinized to establish a comprehensive research database. The synthesis of these findings serves as a critical resource, enhancing our understanding of challenges such as toxicity, soil alterations, and microbial stress, as well as exploring bio-omics techniques like metagenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics in the context of environmental remediation. The review underscores the importance of exploring various remediation approaches, including mycorrhiza remediation, phytoremediation, bioaugmentation, and biostimulation. Moreover, an examination of patented technologies reveals refined and efficient processes that integrate microorganisms and environmental engineering. Notably, China and the United States are pioneers in this field, based on previous successful bioremediation endeavors. This review underscores research's vital role in soil pollution via innovative, sustainable bioremediation for explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Corredor
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, ESPE, Sangolqui 171103, Ecuador;
| | - Jessica Duchicela
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, ESPE, Sangolqui 171103, Ecuador;
| | - Francisco J. Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, ESPE, Sangolqui 171103, Ecuador;
- Centro de Investigación de Alimentos, CIAL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería e Industrias, Universidad UTE, Quito 170147, Ecuador
| | - Maribel Maya
- Departamento de Ciencias Económicas, Administrativas y de Comercio, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, ESPE, Sangolqui 171103, Ecuador;
| | - Edgar Guerron
- Departamento de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, ESPE, Sangolqui 171103, Ecuador;
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Gupta S, Goel SS, Ramanathan G, Ronen Z. Biotransformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by Diaphorobacter sp. strain DS2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:120749-120762. [PMID: 37943434 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Diaphorobacter strain DS2 degrades 3-nitrotoluene and 2-nitrotoluene via ring oxidation with 3-nitrotoluene dioxygenase (3NTDO). In the current study, we hypothesized that 3NTDO might also be involved in the degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), a major nitroaromatic explosive contaminant in soil and groundwater. Strain DS2 transforms TNT as a sole carbon and nitrogen source when grown on it. Ammonium chloride and succinate in the medium accelerated the TNT degradation rate. A resting cell experiment suggested that TNT does not compete with 3NT degradation (no negative impact of TNT on the reaction velocity for 3NT). Enzyme assay with 3NTDO did not exhibit TNT transformation activity. The above results confirmed that 3NTDO of DS2 is not responsible for TNT degradation. In the resting cell experiment, within 10 h, 4ADNT completely degraded. The degradation of 2ADNT was 97% at the same time. We hypothesized that 3NTDO involve in this reaction. Based on the DS2 genome, we proposed that the N-ethylmaleimide reductases (nemA) were involved in the initial reduction of the nitro group and aromatic ring of TNT. Our findings suggest that strain DS2 could be helpful for the removal of TNT from contaminated sites with or without any additional carbon and nitrogen source and with minimal accumulation of undesirable intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Gupta
- Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker Campus 8490000, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Shikhar S Goel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Gurunath Ramanathan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Zeev Ronen
- Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker Campus 8490000, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
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Fuller ME, Hedman PC, Chu KH, Webster TS, Hatzinger PB. Evaluation of a sequential anaerobic-aerobic membrane bioreactor system for treatment of traditional and insensitive munitions constituents. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139887. [PMID: 37604336 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
New energetic formulations containing insensitive high explosives (IHE), such as 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO), and nitroguanidine (NQ) are being developed to provide safer munitions. The addition of IHE to munitions formulations results in complex wastewaters from explosives manufacturing, load and pour operations and demilitarization activities. New technologies are required to treat those wastewaters. The core objective of this research effort was to develop and optimize a dual anaerobic-aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) system for treatment of wastewater containing variable mixtures of traditional energetics, IHE, and anions. The combined system proved highly effective for treatment of traditional explosives (TNT, RDX, HMX), IHE (DNAN, NTO, NQ) and anions commonly used as military oxidants (ClO4-, NO3-). The anaerobic MBR, which was operated for more than 500 d, was observed to completely degrade mg L-1 concentrations of TNT, DNAN, ClO4- and NO3- under all operational conditions, including at the lowest hydraulic residence time (HRT) tested (2.2 d). The combined system generally resulted in complete treatment of mg L-1 concentrations of RDX and HMX to <20 μg L-1, with most of the degradation occurring in the anaerobic MBR and polishing in the aerobic system. No common daughter products of DNAN, TNT, RDX, or HMX were detected in the effluent. NTO was completely transformed in the anaerobic MBR, but residual 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-one (ATO) was detected in system effluent. The ATO rapidly decomposed when bleach solution was added to the final effluent. NQ was initially recalcitrant in the system, but microbial populations eventually developed that could degrade >90% of the ∼10 mg L-1 NQ entering the anaerobic MBR, with the remainder degraded to <50 μg L-1 in the aerobic system. The dual MBR system proved to be capable of complete degradation of a wide mixture of munitions constituents and was resilient to changing influent composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Fuller
- Aptim Federal Services, 17 Princess Road, Lawrenceville, NJ, 08648, USA
| | - Paul C Hedman
- Aptim Federal Services, 17 Princess Road, Lawrenceville, NJ, 08648, USA
| | - Kung-Hui Chu
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Todd S Webster
- Envirogen Technologies, Inc., 9360 Santa Anita Ave., Suite 107, Rancho Cucamonga, CA, 91730, USA
| | - Paul B Hatzinger
- Aptim Federal Services, 17 Princess Road, Lawrenceville, NJ, 08648, USA.
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Karimi H, Mohammadi F, Rajabi S, Mahvi AH, Ghanizadeh G. Biological 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene removal by extended aeration activated sludge: optimization using artificial neural network. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9053. [PMID: 37270572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Serious health issues can result from exposure to the nitrogenous pollutant like 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), which is emitted into the environment by the munitions and military industries, as well as from TNT-contaminated wastewater. The TNT removal by extended aeration activated sludge (EAAS) was optimized in the current study using artificial neural network modeling. In order to achieve the best removal efficiency, 500 mg/L of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 4 and 6 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT), and 1-30 mg/L of TNT were used in this study. The kinetics of TNT removal by the EAAS system were described by the calculation of the kinetic coefficients K, Ks, Kd, max, MLSS, MLVSS, F/M, and SVI. Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and genetic algorithms (GA) were used to optimize the data obtained through TNT elimination. ANFIS approach was used to analyze and interpret the given data, and its accuracy was around 97.93%. The most effective removal efficiency was determined using the GA method. Under ideal circumstances (10 mg/L TNT concentration and 6 h), the TNT removal effectiveness of the EAAS system was 84.25%. Our findings demonstrated that the artificial neural network system (ANFIS)-based EAAS optimization could enhance the effectiveness of TNT removal. Additionally, it can be claimed that the enhanced EAAS system has the ability to extract wastewaters with larger concentrations of TNT as compared to earlier experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Karimi
- Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeed Rajabi
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghader Ghanizadeh
- Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Klapec DJ, Czarnopys G, Pannuto J. Interpol review of the analysis and detection of explosives and explosives residues. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2023; 6:100298. [PMID: 36685733 PMCID: PMC9845958 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2022.100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J. Klapec
- Arson and Explosives Section I, United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Forensic Science Laboratory, 6000 Ammendale Road, Ammendale, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Greg Czarnopys
- Forensic Services, United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Forensic Science Laboratory, 6000 Ammendale Road, Ammendale, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Julie Pannuto
- United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Forensic Science Laboratory, 6000 Ammendale Road, Ammendale, MD, 20705, USA
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Efficient and comparative adsorption of trinitrotoluene on MOF MIL-100(Fe)-derived porous carbon/Fe composite adsorbents with rod-like morphology: behavior, mechanism, and new perspectives. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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7
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Bylaska EJ, Tratnyek PG, Torralba-Sanchez TL, Edwards KC, Dixon DA, Pignatello JJ, Xu W. Computational Predictions of the Hydrolysis of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN). J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:9059-9075. [PMID: 36417759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hydrolysis is a common transformation reaction that can affect the environmental fate of many organic compounds. In this study, three proposed mechanisms of alkaline hydrolysis of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2,4-dinitroaniline (DNAN) were investigated with plane-wave density functional theory (DFT) combined with ab initio and classical molecular dynamics (AIMD/MM) free energy simulations, Gaussian basis set DFT calculations, and correlated molecular orbital theory calculations. Most of the computations in this study were carried out using the Arrows web-based tools. For each mechanism, Meisenheimer complex formation, nucleophilic aromatic substitution, and proton abstraction reaction energies and activation barriers were calculated for the reaction at each relevant site. For TNT, it was found that the most kinetically favorable first hydrolysis steps involve Meisenheimer complex formation by attachment of OH- at the C1 and C3 arene carbons and proton abstraction from the methyl group. The nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions at the C2 and C4 arene carbons were found to be thermodynamically favorable. However, the calculated activation barriers were slightly lower than in previous studies, but still found to be ΔG‡ ≈ 18 kcal/mol using PBE0 AIMD/MM free energy simulations, suggesting that the reactions are not kinetically significant. For DNAN, the barriers of nucleophilic aromatic substitution were even greater (ΔG‡ > 29 kcal/mol PBE0 AIMD/MM). The most favorable hydrolysis reaction for DNAN was found to be a two-step process in which the hydroxyl first attacks the C1 carbon to form a Meisenheimer complex at the C1 arene carbon C1-(OCH3)OH-, and subsequently, the methoxy anion (-OCH3) at the C1 arene carbon dissociates and the proton shuttles from the C1-OH to the dissociated methoxy group, resulting in methanol and an aryloxy anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Bylaska
- Fundamental Sciences, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington99354, United States
| | - Paul G Tratnyek
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon97239, United States
| | - Tifany L Torralba-Sanchez
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon97239, United States
| | - Kyle C Edwards
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama35487-0336, United States
| | - David A Dixon
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama35487-0336, United States
| | - Joseph J Pignatello
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut06511, United States
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania19085, United States
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Srivastava V, Boczkaj G, Lassi U. An Overview of Treatment Approaches for Octahydro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocine (HMX) Explosive in Soil, Groundwater, and Wastewater. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15948. [PMID: 36498024 PMCID: PMC9737503 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Octahydro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocine (HMX) is extensively exploited in the manufacturing of explosives; therefore, a significant level of HMX contamination can be encountered near explosive production plants. For instance, up to 12 ppm HMX concentrations have been observed in the wastewater effluent of a munitions manufacturing facility, while up to 45,000 mg/kg of HMX has been found in a soil sample taken from a location close to a high-explosive production site. Owing to their immense demand for a variety of applications, the large-scale production of explosives has culminated in severe environmental issues. Soil and water contaminated with HMX can pose a detrimental impact on flora and fauna and hence, remediation of HMX is paramount. There is a rising demand to establish a sustainable technology for HMX abatement. Physiochemical and bioremediation approaches have been employed to treat HMX in the soil, groundwater, and wastewater. It has been revealed that treatment methods such as photo-peroxidation and photo-Fenton oxidation can eliminate approximately 98% of HMX from wastewater. Fenton's reagents were found to be very effective at mineralizing HMX. In the photocatalytic degradation of HMX, approximately 59% TOC removal was achieved by using a TiO2 photocatalyst, and a dextrose co-substrate was used in a bioremediation approach to accomplish 98.5% HMX degradation under anaerobic conditions. However, each technology has some pros and cons which need to be taken into consideration when choosing an HMX remediation approach. In this review, various physiochemical and bioremediation approaches are considered and the mechanism of HMX degradation is discussed. Further, the advantages and disadvantages of the technologies are also discussed along with the challenges of HMX treatment technologies, thus giving an overview of the HMX remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Srivastava
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
- EkoTech Center, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ulla Lassi
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
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Photolysis by UVA-Visible Light of TNT in Ethanolic, Aqueous-Ethanolic, and Aqueous Solutions According to Electrospray and Aerodynamic Thermal Breakup Droplet Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227992. [PMID: 36432093 PMCID: PMC9697284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of photolytic degradation of 2-4-6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) by UVA−visible light (>320 nm) in ethanolic, aqueous-ethanolic, and aqueous solutions was investigated by electrospray and aerodynamic thermal breakup droplet ionization mass-spectrometric analyses. For the photolysis, a DRK-120 mercury-quartz lamp was used. Products of the photolysis reaction were compared with known products of TNT transformation in the environment. Because the photochemistry of some compounds in alcohols (in contrast to aqueous solutions) features a transfer of electrons from the solvent to the light-excited compound, we believe that the efficiency of photolysis (polymerization) of TNT in ethanol and aqueous-ethanolic solutions is based on this mechanism.
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Rios-Valenciana EE, Menezes O, Niu XZ, Romero J, Root RA, Chorover J, Sierra-Alvarez R, Field JA. Reductive transformation of the insensitive munitions compound nitroguanidine by different iron-based reactive minerals. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119788. [PMID: 35843454 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitroguanidine (NQ) is an emerging contaminant being used by the military as a constituent of new insensitive munitions. NQ is also used in rocket propellants, smokeless pyrotechnics, and vehicle restraint systems. Its uncontrolled transformation in the environment can generate toxic and potentially mutagenic products, posing hazards that need to be remediated. NQ transformation has only been investigated to a limited extent. Thus, it is crucial to expand the narrow spectrum of NQ remediation strategies and understand its transformation pathways and end products. Iron-based reactive minerals should be investigated for NQ treatment because they are successfully used in existing technologies, such as permeable reactive barriers, for treating a wide range of organic pollutants. This study tested the ability of micron-sized zero-valent iron (m-ZVI), mackinawite, and commercial FeS, to transform NQ under anoxic conditions. NQ transformation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The reaction rate constants decreased as follows: commercial FeS > mackinawite > m-ZVI. For the assessed minerals, the NQ transformation started with the reduction of the nitro group forming nitrosoguanidine (NsoQ). Then, aminoguanidine (AQ) was accumulated during the reaction of NQ with m-ZVI, accounting for 86% of the nitrogen mass recovery. When NQ was reacted with commercial FeS, 45% and 20% of nitrogen were recovered as AQ and guanidine, respectively, after 24 h. Nonetheless, NsoQ persisted, contributing to the N-balance. When mackinawite was present, NsoQ disappeared, but AQ was not detected, and guanidine accounted for 11% of the nitrogen recovery. AQ was ultimately transformed into cyanamide, whose dimerization triggered the formation of cyanoguanidine. Alternatively, NsoQ was transformed into guanidine, which reacted with cyanamide to form biguanide. This is the first report systematically investigating the NQ transformation by different iron-based reactive minerals. The evidence indicates that these minerals are attractive alternatives for developing NQ remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika E Rios-Valenciana
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, P.O. Box 210011, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Osmar Menezes
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, P.O. Box 210011, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Xi-Zhi Niu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, P.O. Box 210011, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jonathan Romero
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, P.O. Box 210011, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Robert A Root
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jon Chorover
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Reyes Sierra-Alvarez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, P.O. Box 210011, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jim A Field
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, P.O. Box 210011, AZ, 85721, USA.
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Sai Preethi P, Hariharan NM, Vickram S, Rameshpathy M, Manikandan S, Subbaiya R, Karmegam N, Yadav V, Ravindran B, Chang SW, Kumar Awasthi M. Advances in bioremediation of emerging contaminants from industrial wastewater by oxidoreductase enzymes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127444. [PMID: 35691504 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The bioremediation of emerging recalcitrant pollutants in wastewater via enzyme biotechnology has been evolving as cost-effective with an input of low-energy technological approach. However, the enzyme based bioremediation technology is still not fully developed at a commercial level. The oxidoreductases being the domineering biocatalysts are promising candidates for wastewater treatments. Henceforth, comprehending their global market and biotransformation efficacy is mandatory for establishing these techno-economic bio-enzymes in commercial scale. The biocatalytic strategy can be established as a combinatorial approach with existing treatment technology to achieve towering bioremediation and effective removal of emerging pollutants from wastewater. This review provides a novel insight on the toxicological xenobiotics released from industries such as paper and pulps, soap and detergents, pharmaceuticals, textiles, pesticides, explosives and aptitude of peroxidases, nitroreductase and cellobiose dehydrogenase in their bio-based treatment. Moreover, the review comprehensively covers environmental relevance of wastewater pollution and the critical challenges based on remediation achieved through biocatalysts for future prospectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sai Preethi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3# Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China; Department of Biotechnology, Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chembarambakkam - 600 123, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N M Hariharan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chembarambakkam - 600 123, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundaram Vickram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai - 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Rameshpathy
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore - 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Manikandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai - 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Subbaiya
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Copperbelt University, Riverside, Jambo Drive, P O Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - N Karmegam
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem 636 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vivek Yadav
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, South Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S W Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, South Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3# Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China.
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Synthesis of Magnetic Fe 3O 4 Nano Hollow Spheres for Industrial TNT Wastewater Treatment. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050881. [PMID: 35269369 PMCID: PMC8912354 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to synthesize magnetite (Fe3O4) nano hollow spheres (NHS) via simple, one-pot, template-free, hydrothermal method. The structural, morphological, and surface analysis of Fe3O4 NHS were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction technique (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR and burner-Emmett-teller (BET). The as obtained magnetic (Fe3O4) NHS were used as an adsorbent for treating industrial trinitrotoluene (TNT) wastewater to reduce its Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) values. Adsorption capacity (Qe) of the NHS obtained is 70 mg/g, confirming the attractive forces present between adsorbent (Fe3O4 NHS) and adsorbate (TNT wastewater). COD value of TNT wastewater was reduced to >92% in 2 h at room temperature. The adsorption capacity of Fe3O4 NHS was observed as a function of time, initial concentration, pH, and temperature. The applied Fe3O4 NHS was recovered for reuse by simply manipulating its magnetic properties with slight shift in pH of the solution. A modest decrease in Qe (5.0−15.1%) was observed after each cycle. The novel Fe3O4 NHS could be an excellent candidate for treating wastewater generated by the intermediate processes during cyclonite, cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine (HMX), nitroglycerin (NG) production and other various environmental pollutants/species.
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Huang L, Jin S, Bao F, Tang S, Yang J, Peng K, Chen Y. Construction of a physically cross-linked carrageenan/chitosan/calcium ion double-network hydrogel for 3-Nitro-1, 2, 4-triazole-5-one removal. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127510. [PMID: 34879513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
3-Nitro-1, 2, 4-triazole-5-one (NTO) is an important insensitive explosive. The discharge of NTO wastewater not only pollutes the environment but also causes the economic loss of the valuable explosive. Currently, the NTO wastewater in industrial production is often treated with activated carbon adsorbents. There are no green, efficient and specific adsorption materials for the NTO treatment yet. In the present work, polymer materials suitable for NTO adsorption were screened by molecular dynamics simulation. With the optimized materials, a carrageenan/chitosan/calcium ion physically cross-linked double network hydrogel (KC/CTS/Ca2+ PCDNH) was successfully prepared by the semi-soluble-acidified sol-gel conversion method. The structure and NTO adsorption performance of the hydrogel were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The NTO adsorption kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics were further studied to understand the adsorption behavior and mechanism. In addition, the adsorbed NTO was successfully released and recovered by soaking the hydrogel in NaOH solution. Our work has provided an environmentally friendly and targeted preparation method of NTO adsorbent materials for NTO wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Shaohua Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Fang Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Shuxian Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jueying Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Kelin Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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Recruiting Perovskites to Degrade Toxic Trinitrotoluene. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14237387. [PMID: 34885550 PMCID: PMC8658843 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Everybody knows TNT, the most widely used explosive material and a universal measure of the destructiveness of explosions. A long history of use and extensive manufacture of toxic TNT leads to the accumulation of these materials in soil and groundwater, which is a significant concern for environmental safety and sustainability. Reliable and cost-efficient technologies for removing or detoxifying TNT from the environment are lacking. Despite the extreme urgency, this remains an outstanding challenge that often goes unnoticed. We report here that highly controlled energy release from explosive molecules can be accomplished rather easily by preparing TNT-perovskite mixtures with a tailored perovskite surface morphology at ambient conditions. These results offer new insight into understanding the sensitivity of high explosives to detonation initiation and enable many novel applications, such as new concepts in harvesting and converting chemical energy, the design of new, improved energetics with tunable characteristics, the development of powerful fuels and miniaturized detonators, and new ways for eliminating toxins from land and water.
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