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Chiew SF, Looi LM, Cheah PL, Teoh KH, Chang SW, Abdul Sani SF. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition profiles in triple negative breast carcinoma may explain its aggressive nature. Malays J Pathol 2023; 45:363-374. [PMID: 38155378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is increasingly explored in cancer progression. Considering that triple negative (TN) breast cancer has the poorest survival among molecular subtypes, we investigated 49 TN, 45 luminal and 25 HER2-enriched female breast carcinomas for EMT expression (using E-cadherin and vimentin immunohistochemistry) against lymphovascular and/or lymph node invasion. E-cadherin and vimentin expressions were semi-quantitated for positive- cancer cells (0=0-<1%, 1=1-10%, 2 =11-50%, 3=>50%) and staining intensity (0=negative, 1=weak, 2=moderate, 3=strong), with final score (low=0-4 and high=6-9) derived by multiplying percentage and intensity scores for each marker. Low E-cadherin and/or high vimentin scores defined EMT positivity. Low E-cadherin co-existing with high vimentin defined "complete" (EMT-CV), while low E-cadherin (EMT-C) or high vimentin (EMT-V) occurring independently defined "partial" subsets. 38 (31.9%) cancers expressed EMT, while 59.2 % TN, 13.3% luminal and 12% HER2-enriched cancers expressed EMT (p<0.05). Among the cancers with lymphovascular and/or lymph node invasion, EMT positivity by molecular types were 66.7% TN, 7.4% luminal and 11.8% HER2-enriched (p<0.05). Although EMT-V, associated with stem-cell properties was the dominant TN EMT profile, EMT-CV, a profile linked to vascular metastases, was encountered only in TN. EMT appears important in TN cancer and different EMT profiles may be associated with its aggressive nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Chiew
- University of Malaya Medical Centre, Department of Pathology, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - L M Looi
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P L Cheah
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K H Teoh
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S W Chang
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S F Abdul Sani
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Nguyen TT, Bui HT, Nguyen GT, Hoang TN, Van Tran C, Ho PH, Hoai Nguyen PT, Kim JY, Chang SW, Chung WJ, Nguyen DD, La DD. Facile preparation of porphyrin@g-C 3N 4/Ag nanocomposite for improved photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes in aqueous solution. Environ Res 2023; 231:115984. [PMID: 37156354 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In the quest of improving the photocatalytic efficiency of photocatalysts, the combination of two and more semiconductors recently has garnered significant attention among scientists in the field. The doping of conductive metals is also an effective pathway to improve photocatalytic performance by avoiding electron/hole pair recombination and enhancing photon energy absorption. This work presented a design and fabrication of porphyrin@g-C3N4/Ag nanocomposite using acid-base neutralization-induced self-assembly approach from monomeric porphyrin and g-C3N4/Ag material. g-C3N4/Ag material was synthesized by a green reductant of Cleistocalyx operculatus leaf extract. Electron scanning microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR spectroscopy, and UV-vis spectrometer were utilized to analyse the properties of the prepared materials. The prepared porphyrin@g-C3N4/Ag nanocomposite showed well integration of porphyrin nanostructures on the g-C3N4/Ag's surface, in which porphyrin nanofiber was of the diameter in nanoscales and the length of several micrometers, and Ag NPs had an average particle size of less than 20 nm. The photocatalytic behavior of the resultant nanocomposite was tested for the degradation of Rhodamine B dye, which exhibited a remarkable RhB photodegrading percentage. The possible mechanism for photocatalysis of the porphyrin@g-C3N4/Ag nanocomposite toward Rhodamine B dye was also proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Tung Nguyen
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 11307, Viet Nam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 11307, Viet Nam.
| | - Hoa Thi Bui
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 11307, Viet Nam
| | - Giang Thi Nguyen
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 11307, Viet Nam; The Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Education, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tung Nguyen Hoang
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 11307, Viet Nam
| | - Chinh Van Tran
- Institute of Chemistry and Materials, Hoang Sam, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Phuong Hien Ho
- The Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Education, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Phuong T Hoai Nguyen
- Institute of Chemistry and Materials, Hoang Sam, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - J Yup Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin, 16890, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Republic of Korea
| | - W Jin Chung
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Republic of Korea
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Republic of Korea.
| | - D Duc La
- Institute of Chemistry and Materials, Hoang Sam, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Viet Nam.
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Keerthana Devi M, Manikandan S, Oviyapriya M, Selvaraj M, Assiri MA, Vickram S, Subbaiya R, Karmegam N, Ravindran B, Chang SW, Awasthi MK. Recent advances in biogas production using Agro-Industrial Waste: A comprehensive review outlook of Techno-Economic analysis. Bioresour Technol 2022; 363:127871. [PMID: 36041677 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Agrowaste sources can be utilized to produce biogas by anaerobic digestion reaction. Fossil fuels have damaged the environment, while the biogas rectifies the issues related to the environment and climate change problems. Techno-economic analysis of biogas production is followed by nutrient recycling, reducing the greenhouse gas level, biorefinery purpose, and global warming effect. In addition, biogas production is mediated by different metabolic reactions, the usage of different microorganisms, purification process, upgrading process and removal of CO₂ from the gas mixture techniques. This review focuses on pre-treatment, usage of waste, production methods and application besides summarizing recent advancements in biogas production. Economical, technical, environmental properties and factors affecting biogas production as well as the future perspective of bioenergy are highlighted in the review. Among all agro-industrial wastes, sugarcane straw produced 94% of the biogas. In the future, to overcome all the problems related to biogas production and modify the production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Keerthana Devi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3# Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China; Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Manikandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Oviyapriya
- Department of Biotechnology, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Near Virudhunagar, Madurai 625 701, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manickam Selvaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Assiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sundaram Vickram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Subbaiya
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Copperbelt University, Riverside, Jambo Drive, P O Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - N Karmegam
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem 636 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S W Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3# Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China.
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Sai Preethi P, Hariharan NM, Vickram S, Rameshpathy M, Manikandan S, Subbaiya R, Karmegam N, Yadav V, Ravindran B, Chang SW, Kumar Awasthi M. Advances in bioremediation of emerging contaminants from industrial wastewater by oxidoreductase enzymes. Bioresour Technol 2022; 359:127444. [PMID: 35691504 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The bioremediation of emerging recalcitrant pollutants in wastewater via enzyme biotechnology has been evolving as cost-effective with an input of low-energy technological approach. However, the enzyme based bioremediation technology is still not fully developed at a commercial level. The oxidoreductases being the domineering biocatalysts are promising candidates for wastewater treatments. Henceforth, comprehending their global market and biotransformation efficacy is mandatory for establishing these techno-economic bio-enzymes in commercial scale. The biocatalytic strategy can be established as a combinatorial approach with existing treatment technology to achieve towering bioremediation and effective removal of emerging pollutants from wastewater. This review provides a novel insight on the toxicological xenobiotics released from industries such as paper and pulps, soap and detergents, pharmaceuticals, textiles, pesticides, explosives and aptitude of peroxidases, nitroreductase and cellobiose dehydrogenase in their bio-based treatment. Moreover, the review comprehensively covers environmental relevance of wastewater pollution and the critical challenges based on remediation achieved through biocatalysts for future prospectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sai Preethi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3# Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China; Department of Biotechnology, Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chembarambakkam - 600 123, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N M Hariharan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chembarambakkam - 600 123, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundaram Vickram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai - 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Rameshpathy
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore - 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Manikandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai - 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Subbaiya
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Copperbelt University, Riverside, Jambo Drive, P O Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - N Karmegam
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem 636 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vivek Yadav
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, South Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S W Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, South Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3# Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China.
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Dinh NT, Nguyen TH, Mungray AK, Duong LD, Phuong NT, Nguyen DD, Chung WJ, Chang SW, Tuan PD. Biological treatment of saline domestic wastewater by using a down-flow hanging sponge reactor. Chemosphere 2021; 283:131101. [PMID: 34182628 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of salinity on the removal of organic matter and nitrogen concentrations in bioreactor was investigated using a hybrid bench scale down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) system for 145 days of operation. The reactor had three identical sections that were filled to 30% volume with Bio-Bact to serve as attached media. The DHS reactor was fed with domestic wastewater that was mixed with increasing concentration of sodium chloride from 0.5 to 3.0% stepwise. The influent and effluent concentrations of BOD5, CODCr, NH4+-N, and TN were analyzed to evaluate the performance of the DHS reactor during the operational period. Results indicate that when salinity was increased from 0.5 to 3.0%, the removal efficiency gradually decreased from 80.3% to 61.5% for CODCr, 76.4%-65.0% for BOD5, 64.1%-48.4% for NH4+-N, and 50%-36% for TN. Besides, the changes in biofilm characteristics with increasing salinity were observed during the operational period. The results indicate that salinity has a significant influence on the removal of organic matters and nitrogen transformation in the biofilm of the bioreactor. Even so, the DHS reactor revealed a good potential for treating saline wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga T Dinh
- Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Hochiminh City University of Natural Resources and Environment, Viet Nam.
| | - T Hiep Nguyen
- Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Hochiminh City University of Natural Resources and Environment, Viet Nam
| | - Arvind Kumar Mungray
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - La Duc Duong
- Institute of Chemistry and Materials, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen-Tri Phuong
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique, Université Du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada; Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environment, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam; Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea.
| | - W Jin Chung
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Phan D Tuan
- Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Hochiminh City University of Natural Resources and Environment, Viet Nam
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Huang SH, Chang SW, Wang AY. Gynaecological transurethral resection of the prostate syndrome-induced acute pulmonary oedema treated with high-dose nitro-glycerine: a case report. Hong Kong Med J 2021; 26:339-341. [PMID: 32807737 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj198139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S H Huang
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - S W Chang
- Division of Acute Care Surgery and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - A Y Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Vinoth Kumar KC, Jani Subha T, Ahila KG, Ravindran B, Chang SW, Mahmoud AH, Mohammed OB, Rathi MA. Spectral characterization of hydroxyapatite extracted from Black Sumatra and Fighting cock bone samples: A comparative analysis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:840-846. [PMID: 33424374 PMCID: PMC7785448 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, chicken business is occupying a major portion in the market and huge amount of bone wastes are dumped into the open places lead in environmental pollution. In this analysis, natural hydroxyapatite was extracted by thermal calcination process at different temperature ranges from 700 °C, 900 °C and 1100 °C and compared its spectral characteristics. The crystalline nature, functional groups and morphological characteristics of hydroxyapatite obtained from both bone samples were studied using XRD, FTIR and SEM analysis. The crystallite size, lattice parameters, specific surface area, volume and degree of crystallinity were measured using XRD data. The mean grain size of Black Sumatra and Fighting Cock bone hydroxyapatite was 62.67 nm and 31.34 nm respectively. The FTIR spectrum showed major peaks at 634.58 cm−1 and 470.63 cm−1, 1413.82 cm−1 and 1460 cm−1 indicates the presence of carbonate group and phosphate groups in both samples. The SEM micrograph confirmed the existence of maximum pores in matrix of fighting cock bone than Black Sumatra bone sample. Thus, the comparative analysis concluded that nano-sized hydroxyapetite obtained from bone wastes of fighting cock can be utilized as a low-cost biomaterial for the production of various implant coating materials and substitute for ceramics in bones and dentistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Vinoth Kumar
- Department of Physics, Udaya College of Arts and Science, Udaya Nagar, Ammandivilai, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Jani Subha
- Department of Chemistry, Rohini College of Engineering & Technology, Anjugramam, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K G Ahila
- Department of Biotechnology, Udaya College of Arts and Science, Udaya Nagar, Ammandivilai, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu,India
| | - B Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea
| | - S W Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea
| | - Ahmed Hossam Mahmoud
- Department Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama B Mohammed
- Department Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Rathi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Narayana Guru College, Coimbatore 641 105, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ravindran B, Karmegam N, Yuvaraj A, Thangaraj R, Chang SW, Zhang Z, Kumar Awasthi M. Cleaner production of agriculturally valuable benignant materials from industry generated bio-wastes: A review. Bioresour Technol 2021; 320:124281. [PMID: 33099155 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bio-wastes from different agro-based industries are increasing at a rapid rate with the growing human population's demand for the products. The industries procure raw materials largely from agriculture, finish it with the required major product, and produce huge bio-wastes which are mostly disposed unscientifically. This creates serious environmental problems and loss of resources and nutrients. Traditional bio-wastes disposal possess several demerits which again return with negative impact over the eco-system. Anaerobic digestion, composting, co-composting, and vermicomposting are now-a-days given importance due to the improved and modified methods with enhanced transformation of bio-wastes into suitable soil amendments. The advanced and modified methods like biochar assisted composting and vermicomposting is highlighted with the updated knowledge in the field. Hence, the present study has been carried to compile the effective and efficient methods of utilizing industry generated bio-wastes for circularity between agriculture - industrial sectors to promote sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong - Gu, Suwon 16227, South Korea
| | - Natchimuthu Karmegam
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem 636 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ananthanarayanan Yuvaraj
- Vermitechnology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasundaram Thangaraj
- Vermitechnology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S W Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong - Gu, Suwon 16227, South Korea
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3#, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3#, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Nguyen TKL, Ngo HH, Guo WS, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Nghiem LD, Nguyen TV. A critical review on life cycle assessment and plant-wide models towards emission control strategies for greenhouse gas from wastewater treatment plants. J Environ Manage 2020; 264:110440. [PMID: 32217320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For decades, there has been a strong interest in mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Numerous models were developed to measure the emissions and propose the quantification. Existing studies looked at the relationship between GHG emissions and operational cost (OCI), which is one of the most important indicators for decision-makers. Other parameters that can influence the control strategies include the effluent quality (EQI) and total environmental impacts. Plant-wide models are reliable methods to examine the OCI, EQI and GHG emissions while Life cycle assessment (LCA) works to assess the potential environmental impacts. A combined LCA and plant-wide model proved to be a valuable tool evaluating and comparing strategies for the best performance of WWTPs. For this study involving a WWTP, the benchmark model is used while LCA is the decision tool to find the most suitable treatment strategy. LCA adds extra criteria that complement the existing criteria provided by such models. Complementing the cost/performance criteria is proposed for plant-wide models, including environmental evaluation, based on LCA, which provides an overall better assessment of WWTPs. It can capture both the dynamic effects and potential environmental impacts. This study provides an overview of the integration between plant-wide models and LCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K L Nguyen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS, 2007, Australia
| | - H H Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS, 2007, Australia; NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - W S Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS, 2007, Australia
| | - S W Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - D D Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea; Institution of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - L D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS, 2007, Australia
| | - T V Nguyen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS, 2007, Australia
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Abstract
Background:Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis worldwide with a diverse spectrum of clinical manifestations. Many studies indicated that gout is associated with hypertension, metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease and ischaemic heart diseases.Objectives:This study investigated the association between the compliance of urate-lowering agents (ULA) compliance and progression end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and all-cause mortality.Methods:We identified 53,917 patients with incident gout from 2002 to 2012. We followed up these patients till 31DEC2015. The primary data source was the National Health Insurance database of Taiwan. Proportion of days covered (PDC) was used to measure medication adherence. Patients with PDC≧80% more than two years defined adherence to ULA. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate difference and hazard ratios (HRs) for ESRD and all-cause mortality.Results:A total of 53,917 patients were included (figure 1). Patient with urate-lowering agent PDC≧80% more than 2 years were 2,371. After propensity score matched 1:4 with age, sex and comorbidities, PDC <80% were 9,484 matched cohort (Table 1). The mean follow-up duration is 12.30±2.45 years in PDC≧80% group and 9.52±3.46 years in PDC <80%. During follow-up, ESRD was detected in 1,349 patients (306 with PDC≧80% and 1,043 with PDC <80%) and all-cause mortality was found 3,430 patients (842 with PDC≧80% and 2,588 with PDC <80%). This matching showed no difference in ESRD (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.80-1.03) and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.88-1.03) (Table 2).Table 1.Baseline characteristic of adherence and non-adherence of urate-lowering agent among patients with gout in matched and unmatched cohortUnmatched CohortPropensity-score Matched CohortVariablePDC≧80%N=2371^PDC<80%N=51546^PPDC≧80%N=2371^PDC<80%N=9484^PAge (years) (mean ± standard deviation)59.96±13.4451.52±15.61<0.000159.96±13.4460.23±13.410.3755follow-up duration (years) (mean ± standard deviation)12.30±2.459.52±3.46Gender0.30980.2855Male1929(81.36%)42358(82.18%)1929(81.36%)7624(80.39%)Female442(18.64%)9188(17.82%)442(18.64%)1860(19.61%)ComorbiditiesHypertension406(17.12%)3695(7.17%)1.71E-71406(17.12%)1571(16.56%)0.5138Diabetes Mellitus276(11.64%)2367(4.59%)1.78E-54276(11.64%)1080(11.39%)0.7291Ischemic heart disease109(4.60%)988(1.92%)1.58E-19109(4.60%)444(4.68%)0.8617Cerebrovascular disease113(4.77%)891(1.73%)1.05E-26113(4.77%)481(5.07%)0.5416Peripheral arterial disease20(0.84%)170(0.33%)3.67E-0520(0.84%)74(0.78%)0.7561Congestive heart failure81(3.42%)606(1.18%)1.88E-2181(3.42%)286(3.02%)0.3137Anemia182(7.68%)1559(3.02%)5.22E-36182(7.68%)769(8.11%)0.4882CKD266(11.22%)1978(3.84%)2.61E-69266(11.22%)963(10.15%)0.1281Table 2.hazard ratio of ESRD and all-cause mortality in patients with goutOutcomeHazard ratio (95% Confidence interval)ESRDULA adherence level PDC<80%Reference PDC≧80%0.91 (0.80-1.03)All-cause mortalityULA adherence level PDC<80%Reference PDC≧80%0.96 (0.88-1.03)PDC= Proportion of days coveredFigure 1.Flow chart for study designConclusion:Gout patients with/without two years adherence of urate-lowering agents does not have an impact on ESRD and all-cause mortality.References:NilDisclosure of Interests: :None declared
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Wang GC, Gao CQ, Liu YJ, Han GS, Wang YC, Zhang GQ, Ding LL, Li B, Wang BC, Chang SW. [Retrospective analysis of curative effect of total pelvic organ resection and anal preservation in 20 patients with recurrence of cervical cancer after radical radiotherapy]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2020; 42:242-246. [PMID: 32252204 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20190806-00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the surgical method and effect of en bloc pelvic resection and anal preservation after radical radiotherapy for cervical cancer. Methods: Clinical data of 20 cervical cancer patients with central recurrence after radical radiotherapy underwent en bloc pelvic resection in the Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Hainan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2013 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, length of stay, postoperative anal function and postoperative complications were evaluated. Results: The median operation time of 20 patients with anal preservation after en bloc pelvic resection was 135.2 min, the median intraoperative blood loss was 680 ml, and the median hospitalization time was 16.5 days. Among them, 18 patients had good postoperative healing, and the anal function gradually returned to normal within 6 months after surgery, defecated 1~2 times per day.One patient showed incomplete adhesion between the external colon and the anus. One patient presented with pre-sacral infection. Postoperative pathology confirmed the recurrences in 20 patients, of which 11 cases were squamous cell carcinoma, 7 cases were adenocarcinoma, 2 cases were adenosquamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions: It is safe and reliable to preserve anus after en bloc pelvic resection for cervical cancer patients with radical radiotherapy. The anus function is good enough to improve the postoperative life quality of patients significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - C Q Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Y J Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - G S Han
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Y C Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - G Q Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - L L Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - B Li
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan People's Hospital, Haikou 570100, China
| | - B C Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan People's Hospital, Haikou 570100, China
| | - S W Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan People's Hospital, Haikou 570100, China
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Biruntha M, Karmegam N, Archana J, Karunai Selvi B, John Paul JA, Balamuralikrishnan B, Chang SW, Ravindran B. Vermiconversion of biowastes with low-to-high C/N ratio into value added vermicompost. Bioresour Technol 2020; 297:122398. [PMID: 31759857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed (T1), sugarcane trash (T2), coir pith (T3) and vegetable waste (T4) with cowdung (1:1, w/w) were vermicomposted using Eudrilus eugeniae (50 days). The pH in vermicomposts showed a decrease while electrical conductivity showed increment. The organic matter content, organic carbon, lignin, cellulose, C/N and C/P ratios in vermicompost was significantly lower than compost. Total NPK contents of vermicompost were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) with 12.04-63.75%, 19.05-31.58% and 22.47-42.55%, respectively. The significantly higher growth rate of 1.41 and 7.74 mg/worm/day was observed in T1 on 10th and 50th day respectively, with 23.91 initial C/N ratio; while it was 0.85 and 4.81 mg/worm/day in T4 with 69.81 initial C/N ratio. A similar pattern was reflected in cocoon production, hatchling success and hatchling number/cocoon. Results revealed that vermicompost quality, worm growth, and reproduction depend on C/N ratio. The study suggests that amendment materials like cowdung are necessary to reduce C/N ratio for effective vermicomposting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muniyandi Biruntha
- Vermiculture Technology Laboratory, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natchimuthu Karmegam
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem 636 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeyaprakasam Archana
- Vermiculture Technology Laboratory, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balan Karunai Selvi
- Department of Botany, V. V. Vanniaperumal College for Women (Autonomous), Virudhunagar 626 001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - James Arockia John Paul
- Department of Zoology, Arumugam Pillai Seethai Ammal College, Tiruppattur 630 211, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Balamuralikrishnan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong - Gu, Gyeonggi - Do 16227, South Korea
| | - B Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong - Gu, Gyeonggi - Do 16227, South Korea.
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Cheah PL, Li J, Looi LM, Koh CC, Lau TP, Chang SW, Teoh KH, Mun KS, Nazarina AR. Screening for microsatellite instability in colorectal carcinoma: Practical utility of immunohistochemistry and PCR with fragment analysis in a diagnostic histopathology setting. Malays J Pathol 2019; 41:91-100. [PMID: 31427545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since 2014, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) has recommended that colorectal carcinoma (CRC) be universally tested for high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) which is present in 15% of such cancers. Fidelity of resultant microsatellites during DNA replication is contingent upon an intact mismatch repair (MMR) system and lack of fidelity can result in tumourigenesis. Prior to commencing routine screening for MSI-H, we assessed two commonly used methods, immunohistochemical (IHC) determination of loss of MMR gene products viz MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 against PCR amplification and subsequent fragment analysis of microsatellite markers, BAT25, BAT26, D2S123, D5S346 and D17S250 (Bethesda markers) in 73 unselected primary CRC. 15.1% (11/73) were categorized as MSI-H while deficient MMR (dMMR) was detected in 16.4% (12/73). Of the dMMR, 66.7% (8/12) were classified MSI-H, while 33.3% (4/12) were microsatellite stable/low microsatellite instability (MSS/MSI-L). Of the proficient MMR (pMMR), 95.1% (58/61) were MSS/MSI-L and 4.9% (3/61) were MSI-H. The κ value of 0.639 (standard error =0.125; p = 0.000) indicated substantial agreement between detection of loss of DNA mismatch repair using immunohistochemistry and the detection of downstream microsatellite instability using PCR. After consideration of advantages and shortcomings of both methods, it is our opinion that the choice of preferred technique for MSI analysis would depend on the type of laboratory carrying out the testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Cheah
- University Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Lembah Pantai, 59100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Cheng DL, Ngo HH, Guo WS, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Kumar SM. Microalgae biomass from swine wastewater and its conversion to bioenergy. Bioresour Technol 2019; 275:109-122. [PMID: 30579101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ever-increasing swine wastewater (SW) has become a serious environmental concern. High levels of nutrients and toxic contaminants in SW significantly impact on the ecosystem and public health. On the other hand, swine wastewater is considered as valuable water and nutrient source for microalgae cultivation. The potential for converting the nutrients from SW into valuable biomass and then generating bioenergy from it has drawn increasing attention. For this reason, this review comprehensively discussed the biomass production, SW treatment efficiencies, and bioenergy generation potentials through cultivating microalgae in SW. Microalgae species grow well in SW with large amounts of biomass being produced, despite the impact of various parameters (e.g., nutrients and toxicants levels, cultivation conditions, and bacteria in SW). Pollutants in SW can effectively be removed by harvesting microalgae from SW, and the harvested microalgae biomass elicits high potential for conversion to valuable bioenergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Cheng
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - H H Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia.
| | - W S Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia; Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - D D Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea; Institution of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - S M Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600 036, India
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15
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Do MH, Ngo HH, Guo WS, Liu Y, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Nghiem LD, Ni BJ. Challenges in the application of microbial fuel cells to wastewater treatment and energy production: A mini review. Sci Total Environ 2018; 639:910-920. [PMID: 29929329 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater is now considered to be a vital reusable source of water reuse and saving energy. However, current wastewater has multiple limitations such as high energy costs, large quantities of residuals being generated and lacking in potential resources. Recently, great attention has been paid to microbial fuel cells (MFCs) due to their mild operating conditions where a variety of biodegradable substrates can serve as fuel. MFCs can be used in wastewater treatment facilities to break down organic matter, and they have also been analysed for application as a biosensor such as a sensor for biological oxygen which demands monitoring. MFCs represent an innovation technology solution that is simple and rapid. Despite the advantages of this technology, there are still practical barriers to consider including low electricity production, current instability, high internal resistance and costly materials used. Thus, many problems must be overcome and doing this requires a more detailed analysis of energy production, consumption, and application. Currently, real-world applications of MFCs are limited due to their low power density level of only several thousand mW/m2. Efforts are being made to improve the performance and reduce the construction and operating costs of MFCs. This paper explores several aspects of MFCs such as anode, cathode and membrane, and in an effort to overcome the practical challenges of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Do
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - H H Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - W S Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Y Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - S W Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea.
| | - D D Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea; Institution of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - L D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - B J Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
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Cheng DL, Ngo HH, Guo WS, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Kumar SM, Du B, Wei Q, Wei D. Problematic effects of antibiotics on anaerobic treatment of swine wastewater. Bioresour Technol 2018; 263:642-653. [PMID: 29759819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Swine wastewaters with high levels of organic pollutants and antibiotics have become serious environmental concerns. Anaerobic technology is a feasible option for swine wastewater treatment due to its advantage in low costs and bioenergy production. However, antibiotics in swine wastewater have problematic effects on micro-organisms, and the stability and performance of anaerobic processes. Thus, this paper critically reviews impacts of antibiotics on pH, COD removal efficiencies, biogas and methane productions as well as the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the anaerobic processes. Meanwhile, impacts on the structure of bacteria and methanogens in anaerobic processes are also discussed comprehensively. Furthermore, to better understand the effect of antibiotics on anaerobic processes, detailed information about antimicrobial mechanisms of antibiotics and microbial functions in anaerobic processes is also summarized. Future research on deeper knowledge of the effect of antibiotics on anaerobic processes are suggested to reduce their adverse environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Cheng
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - H H Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia.
| | - W S Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - S W Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - D D Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - S Mathava Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600036, India
| | - B Du
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Q Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - D Wei
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
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Muijres FT, Chang SW, van Veen WG, Spitzen J, Biemans BT, Koehl MAR, Dudley R. Escaping blood-fed malaria mosquitoes minimize tactile detection without compromising on take-off speed. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 220:3751-3762. [PMID: 29046418 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.163402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To escape after taking a blood meal, a mosquito must exert forces sufficiently high to take off when carrying a load roughly equal to its body weight, while simultaneously avoiding detection by minimizing tactile signals exerted on the host's skin. We studied this trade-off between escape speed and stealth in the malaria mosquito Anopheles coluzzii using 3D motion analysis of high-speed stereoscopic videos of mosquito take-offs and aerodynamic modeling. We found that during the push-off phase, mosquitoes enhanced take-off speed using aerodynamic forces generated by the beating wings in addition to leg-based push-off forces, whereby wing forces contributed 61% of the total push-off force. Exchanging leg-derived push-off forces for wing-derived aerodynamic forces allows the animal to reduce peak force production on the host's skin. By slowly extending their long legs throughout the push-off, mosquitoes spread push-off forces over a longer time window than insects with short legs, thereby further reducing peak leg forces. Using this specialized take-off behavior, mosquitoes are capable of reaching take-off speeds comparable to those of similarly sized fruit flies, but with weight-normalized peak leg forces that were only 27% of those of the fruit flies. By limiting peak leg forces, mosquitoes possibly reduce the chance of being detected by the host. The resulting combination of high take-off speed and low tactile signals on the host might help increase the mosquito's success in escaping from blood-hosts, which consequently also increases the chance of transmitting vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, to future hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- F T Muijres
- Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - S W Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - W G van Veen
- Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Spitzen
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - B T Biemans
- Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M A R Koehl
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - R Dudley
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Vo Hoang Nhat P, Ngo HH, Guo WS, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Nguyen PD, Bui XT, Zhang XB, Guo JB. Can algae-based technologies be an affordable green process for biofuel production and wastewater remediation? Bioresour Technol 2018; 256:491-501. [PMID: 29472123 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Algae is a well-known organism that its characteristic is prominent for biofuel production and wastewater remediation. This critical review aims to present the applicability of algae with in-depth discussion regarding three key aspects: (i) characterization of algae for its applications; (ii) the technical approaches and their strengths and drawbacks; and (iii) future perspectives of algae-based technologies. The process optimization and combinations with other chemical and biological processes have generated efficiency, in which bio-oil yield is up to 41.1%. Through life cycle assessment, algae bio-energy achieves high energy return than fossil fuel. Thus, the algae-based technologies can reasonably be considered as green approaches. Although selling price of algae bio-oil is still high (about $2 L-1) compared to fossil fuel's price of $1 L-1, it is expected that the algae bio-oil's price will become acceptable in the next coming decades and potentially dominate 75% of the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vo Hoang Nhat
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia and Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, TianjinChengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - H H Ngo
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia and Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, TianjinChengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - W S Guo
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia and Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, TianjinChengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - S W Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - D D Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea; Institution of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - P D Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Technology, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - X T Bui
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Technology, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - X B Zhang
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia and Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, TianjinChengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - J B Guo
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia and Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, TianjinChengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
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Cheng DL, Ngo HH, Guo WS, Liu YW, Zhou JL, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Bui XT, Zhang XB. Bioprocessing for elimination antibiotics and hormones from swine wastewater. Sci Total Environ 2018; 621:1664-1682. [PMID: 29074241 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics and hormones in swine wastewater have become a critical concern worldwide due to the severe threats to human health and the eco-environment. Removal of most detectable antibiotics and hormones, such as sulfonamides (SAs), SMs, tetracyclines (TCs), macrolides, and estrogenic hormones from swine wastewater utilizing various biological processes were summarized and compared. In biological processes, biosorption and biodegradation are the two major removal mechanisms for antibiotics and hormones. The residuals in treated effluents and sludge of conventional activated sludge and anaerobic digestion processes can still pose risks to the surrounding environment, and the anaerobic processes' removal efficiencies were inferior to those of aerobic processes. In contrast, membrane bioreactors (MBRs), constructed wetlands (CWs) and modified processes performed better because of their higher biodegradation of toxicants. Process modification on activated sludge, anaerobic digestion and conventional MBRs could also enhance the performance (e.g. removing up to 98% SMs, 88.9% TCs, and 99.6% hormones from wastewater). The hybrid process combining MBRs with biological or physical technology also led to better removal efficiency. As such, modified conventional biological processes, advanced biological technologies and MBR hybrid systems are considered as a promising technology for removing toxicants from swine wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Cheng
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia and Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - H H Ngo
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia and Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Institution of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
| | - W S Guo
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia and Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Y W Liu
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia and Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - J L Zhou
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia and Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - S W Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea.
| | - D D Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea; Institution of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - X T Bui
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Technology, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - X B Zhang
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia and Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
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Chen C, Guo WS, Ngo HH, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Zhang J, Liang S, Guo JB, Zhang XB. Effects of C/N ratio on the performance of a hybrid sponge-assisted aerobic moving bed-anaerobic granular membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment. Bioresour Technol 2018; 247:340-346. [PMID: 28950144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of C/N ratio on the performance of a hybrid sponge-assisted aerobic moving bed-anaerobic granular membrane bioreactor (SAAMB-AnGMBR) in municipal wastewater treatment. The results showed that organic removal efficiencies were above 94% at all C/N conditions. Nutrient removal was over 91% at C/N ratio of 100/5 but was negatively affected when decreasing C/N ratio to 100/10. At lower C/N ratio (100/10), more noticeable membrane fouling was caused by aggravated cake formation and pore clogging, and accumulation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the mixed liquor and sludge cake as a result of deteriorated granular quality. Foulant analysis suggested significant difference existed in the foulant organic compositions under different C/N ratios, and humic substances were dominant when the fastest fouling rate was observed. The performance of the hybrid system was found to recover when gradually increasing C/N ratio from 100/10 to 100/5.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - W S Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - H H Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - S W Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - D D Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - J Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - S Liang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - J B Guo
- Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - X B Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
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Ho TH, Chang SW, Yeh HW, Yeh CB. Occult Perforation with Circumferential Ischaemic Injury of the Sigmoid Colon following Seat-Belt Trauma: A Case Report. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791702400210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seat-belt syndrome is defined as the presence of a seat-belt sign predominantly involving thoracolumbar vertebral fractures and intra-abdominal organ injury following the use of a seat belt during a traffic collision. Isolated sigmoid colon perforation occurring as part of seat-belt syndrome is rare. We report a 34-year-old patient who presented seat-belt sign after his car collided with a guardrail. The patient was initially haemodynamically stable and complained lower abdomen pain. Serial clinical examination with abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans illustrated sigmoid colon with ischaemic change without perforation. Exploratory laparotomy was performed and isolated sigmoid colon perforation was diagnosed. Therefore, in cases of persistent abdominal pain or tenderness despite an initially negative CT scan, repeated examinations of the abdomen with following abdominal CT are recommended because of the high risk of seat-belt sign and the possibility that the peritoneal symptoms can be hidden, such as in the retroperitoneal duodenum or sigmoid colon. Thus, we recommend using repeat abdominal CT as an adjunct to secondary survey for clarifying the haemodynamic status of patients with seat-belt trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - SW Chang
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Department of Surgery; and Chung Shan Medical University, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - HW Yeh
- Chang Gung University, School of Medicine, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
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22
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Li KY, Li KT, Yang CH, Hwang MH, Chang SW, Lin SM, Wu HJ, Basilio EB, Vega RSA, Laude RP, Ju YT. Insular East Asia pig dispersal and vicariance inferred from Asian wild boar genetic evidence1. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:1451-1466. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. Y. Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10673, Taiwan
| | - K. T. Li
- Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - C. H. Yang
- Department of Indigenous Affairs and Development, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - M. H. Hwang
- Institute of Wildlife Conservation, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - S. W. Chang
- Division of Zoology, Endemic Species Research Institute, Nantou 55244, Taiwan
| | - S. M. Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - H. J. Wu
- Institute of Wildlife Conservation, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - E. B. Basilio
- College of Agriculture and Home Science, Ifugao State University, Ifugao 3605, Philippines
- Animal Breeding and Physiology Division, Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - R. S. A. Vega
- Animal Breeding and Physiology Division, Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - R. P. Laude
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Y. T. Ju
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10673, Taiwan
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Li KY, Li KT, Yang CH, Hwang MH, Chang SW, Lin SM, Wu HJ, Basilio EB, Vega RSA, Laude RP, Ju YT. Insular East Asia pig dispersal and vicariance inferred from Asian wild boar genetic evidence. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Chang SW, Shim KS, Kim YC, Jee KK, Zhu Q, Perinpanayagam H, Kum KY. Cyclic fatigue resistance, torsional resistance, and metallurgical characteristics of V taper 2 and V taper 2H rotary NiTi files. Scanning 2016; 38:564-570. [PMID: 26792574 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance, torsional resistance, and metallurgical characteristics of conventional NiTi wire (V taper 2, V2) and CM wire (V taper 2H, V2H)-based files. Cyclic fatigue and torsional resistance of V2 and V2H were investigated by measuring the number of cycles to fracture, maximum torque at fracture, and maximum angle at fracture. The typical patterns of fatigue and torsional fractures were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The metallurgical characteristics were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) from -100 °C to 100 °C. The austenite finishing temperature (Af) of each instrument was also measured. The microstructures of the instruments were investigated by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) along with selected area diffraction pattern analysis. The results were statistically analyzed by Mann-Whitney U-test (p = 0.05). V2H showed significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance and torsional resistance than V2. SEM images of the fractured surfaces showed typical patterns of fatigue and torsional fracture. The DSC analysis of V2 showed one small peak in both the heating and cooling curves. The Af of V2 was -0.32 °C. V2H showed two remarkable peaks in the heating curve and one remarkable peak in the cooling curve. The Af of V2H was 33.25 °C. The TEM analysis showed that both V2 and V2H are mainly composed of austenite. In conclusion, V2H showed higher cyclic fatigue resistance and torsional resistance than V2. The superior properties of V2H could be attributed to the annealing effect and possibly the martensite phase. SCANNING 38:564-570, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Chang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - K S Shim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y C Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - K K Jee
- Future Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Q Zhu
- Division of Endodontology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - H Perinpanayagam
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - K Y Kum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Program, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National, University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Andriotis OG, Chang SW, Vanleene M, Howarth PH, Davies DE, Shefelbine SJ, Buehler MJ, Thurner PJ. Structure-mechanics relationships of collagen fibrils in the osteogenesis imperfecta mouse model. J R Soc Interface 2016; 12:20150701. [PMID: 26468064 PMCID: PMC4614505 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The collagen molecule, which is the building block of collagen fibrils, is a triple helix of two α1(I) chains and one α2(I) chain. However, in the severe mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta (OIM), deletion of the COL1A2 gene results in the substitution of the α2(I) chain by one α1(I) chain. As this substitution severely impairs the structure and mechanics of collagen-rich tissues at the tissue and organ level, the main aim of this study was to investigate how the structure and mechanics are altered in OIM collagen fibrils. Comparing results from atomic force microscopy imaging and cantilever-based nanoindentation on collagen fibrils from OIM and wild-type (WT) animals, we found a 33% lower indentation modulus in OIM when air-dried (bound water present) and an almost fivefold higher indentation modulus in OIM collagen fibrils when fully hydrated (bound and unbound water present) in phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) compared with WT collagen fibrils. These mechanical changes were accompanied by an impaired swelling upon hydration within PBS. Our experimental and atomistic simulation results show how the structure and mechanics are altered at the individual collagen fibril level as a result of collagen gene mutation in OIM. We envisage that the combination of experimental and modelling approaches could allow mechanical phenotyping at the collagen fibril level of virtually any alteration of collagen structure or chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- O G Andriotis
- Institute for Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria Bioengineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - S W Chang
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M Vanleene
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P H Howarth
- The Brooke Laboratories, Division of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - D E Davies
- The Brooke Laboratories, Division of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - S J Shefelbine
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M J Buehler
- Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA Center for Computational Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P J Thurner
- Institute for Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria Bioengineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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26
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Chang SW, Gong Y, McDonough CW, Langaee TY, Nasiri Kenari N, Beitelshees AL, Gums JG, Chapman AB, Turner ST, Johnson JA, Cooper-DeHoff RM. Melatonin Pathway and Atenolol-Related Glucose Dysregulation: Is There a Correlation? Clin Transl Sci 2016; 9:114-22. [PMID: 26946962 PMCID: PMC4915567 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower melatonin level, melatonin receptor gene variations, and atenolol treatment are associated with glucose dysregulation. We investigated whether atenolol‐related glucose and melatonin changes are correlated, and whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in melatonin candidate genes contribute to interindividual variation in glucose change. Hypertensive Caucasians (n = 232) from the Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses (PEAR) study treated with atenolol for 9 weeks were studied. Urinary 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) was measured pre‐ and posttreatment and normalized to urinary creatinine. Pharmacogenetic effects on glucose change of 160 SNPs in 16 melatonin candidate genes were assessed with multiple linear regression. Atenolol was associated with increased glucose (1.8 ± 10.1mg/dl, P = 0.02) and decreased aMT6s (–4.5 ± 10.1 ng/mg, P < 0.0001). However, the aMT6s change was not correlated with post‐atenolol glucose change. SNP rs11649514 in PRKCB was associated with glucose change (P = 1.0×10−4). PRKCB is involved in the melatonin‐insulin regulatory pathway, and may be important in mediating clinically meaningful atenolol‐related hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Chang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center of Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Y Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center of Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - C W McDonough
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center of Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - T Y Langaee
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center of Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - N Nasiri Kenari
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - A L Beitelshees
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J G Gums
- Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - A B Chapman
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - S T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - J A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center of Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - R M Cooper-DeHoff
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center of Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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27
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Lee JK, Yoo YJ, Perinpanayagam H, Ha BH, Lim SM, Oh SR, Gu Y, Chang SW, Zhu Q, Kum KY. Three-dimensional modelling and concurrent measurements of root anatomy in mandibular first molar mesial roots using micro-computed tomography. Int Endod J 2014; 48:380-9. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. K. Lee
- Private Practice; Beautiful Dental Clinic; Changwon Korea
| | - Y. J. Yoo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Dental Research Institute; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University Dental Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - H. Perinpanayagam
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London ON Canada
| | - B. H. Ha
- Department of Industrial Engineering; Pusan National University; Pusan Korea
| | - S. M. Lim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Jukjeon Dental Hospital; College of Dentistry; Dankook University; Jukjeon Korea
| | - S. R. Oh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Dental Research Institute; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University Dental Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Y. Gu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Dental Research Institute; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University Dental Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - S. W. Chang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Q. Zhu
- Division of Endodontology; Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences; School of Dental Medicine; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT USA
| | - K. Y. Kum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Dental Research Institute; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University Dental Hospital; Seoul Korea
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28
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Lee Y, Chang SW, Perinpanayagam H, Yoo YJ, Lim SM, Oh SR, Gu Y, Ahn SJ, Kum KY. Autotransplantation of mesiodens for missing maxillary lateral incisor with cone-beam CT-fabricated model and orthodontics. Int Endod J 2014; 47:896-904. [PMID: 24298936 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Autotransplantation is a viable treatment option for a missing tooth when there is a suitable donor, especially in adolescents with remaining facial growth. This report presents the aesthetic restoration of a missing maxillary lateral incisor through orthodontic treatment and autotransplantation of a mesiodens using a CBCT-fabricated rapid-prototyping model. SUMMARY A 14-year-old male patient with a congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisor was referred from the Department of Orthodontics. The teeth were moved orthodontically to regain space for the missing lateral incisor and to close the space of the mesiodens after transplantation. A replica of the donor tooth was fabricated from a cone-beam computed tomography scan through a rapid-prototyping machine before autotransplantation surgery. The model was used to create a socket for the graft tooth, thereby shortening the extra-oral time and minimizing the damage to the root surface. After transplantation and orthodontic tooth movement, the mesiodens was finally restored with an aesthetic laminate restoration. Over 3 years, the aesthetics remained excellent, and the transplant functioned normally without any signs or symptoms of root resorption. KEY LEARNING POINT Missing anterior teeth may be replaced through a combination of orthodontics, autotransplantation with a rapid-prototyping model and prosthodontic restoration, in growing patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
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29
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Kum KY, Kim EC, Yoo YJ, Zhu Q, Safavi K, Bae KS, Chang SW. Trace metal contents of three tricalcium silicate materials: MTA Angelus, Micro Mega MTA and Bioaggregate. Int Endod J 2013; 47:704-10. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Y. Kum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Dental Research Institute; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University Dental Hospital; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - E.-C. Kim
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration; School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Biology; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Y.-J. Yoo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Dental Research Institute; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University Dental Hospital; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Q. Zhu
- Department of Endodontology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT USA
| | - K. Safavi
- Department of Endodontology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT USA
| | - K. S. Bae
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Dental Research Institute; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University Dental Hospital; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - S. W. Chang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
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30
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Chung JH, Kim YS, Noh K, Lee YM, Chang SW, Kim EC. Deferoxamine promotes osteoblastic differentiation in human periodontal ligament cells via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-mediated antioxidant signaling pathway. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:563-73. [PMID: 24111577 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Recently it was reported that deferoxamine (DFO), an iron chelator, stimulates bone formation from MG63 and mesenchymal stem cells, but inhibits differentiation in rat calvarial cells; however, the effect of DFO on osteoblastic differentiation in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) has not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and the possible underlying mechanism of DFO on osteoblastic differentiation of hPDLCs. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effect of DFO on osteoblast differentiation was determined by the staining intensity of calcium deposits with Alizarin red and by RT-PCR analysis of the expression of osteoblastic markers. Signal transduction pathways were analyzed by western blotting. RESULTS DFO increased osteogenic differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner by expression of the mRNA for differentiation markers and calcium nodule formation. Exposure of hPDLCs to DFO resulted in increases in the production of reactive oxygen species and in the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) protein in nuclear extractions, as well as a dose-dependent increase in the expression of Nrf2 target genes, including glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase, γ-glutamylcysteine lygase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase. Pretreatment with Nrf2 small interfering RNA, GSH depletion by buthionine sulfoximine and diethyl maleate, and with antioxidants by N-acetylcysteine and vitamin E, blocked DFO-stimulated osteoblastic differentiation. Furthermore, pretreatment with GSH depletion and antioxidants blocked DFO-induced p38 MAPK, ERK, JNK and nuclear factor-kappaB pathways. CONCLUSION These data indicate, for the first time, that nontoxic DFO promotes osteoblastic differentiation of hPDLCs via modulation of the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Chung
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim DS, Kim YS, Bae WJ, Lee HJ, Chang SW, Kim WS, Kim EC. The role of SDF-1 and CXCR4 on odontoblastic differentiation in human dental pulp cells. Int Endod J 2013; 47:534-41. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. S. Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Y. S. Kim
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC); School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - W. J. Bae
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC); School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - H. J. Lee
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC); School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - S. W. Chang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - W. S. Kim
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; Wonkwang University; Iksan Korea
| | - E. C. Kim
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC); School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
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32
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Chen TC, Chang SW, Wang TY. Moxifloxacin modifies corneal fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:1341-54. [PMID: 23072440 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation is associated with scarring, an important issue in corneal surgery. Moxifloxacin (MOX), commonly applied to prevent post-operative infection, would benefit more if it modifies fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation other than antimicrobial activity. Our purpose was to explore whether MOX has anti-fibrotic effect in human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH HCFs were incubated in MOX-containing medium concurrently with TGF-β1 (co-treatment), before (pretreatment) or after (post-treatment) adding TGF-β1. HCF contractility was evaluated with a type I collagen gel contraction assay. Expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Smad2, phospho-Smad2-Ser467, Smad4 and Smad7 was determined by immunoblotting. Formation of α-SMA-positive filaments and distribution of active Smad2 were observed under confocal microscopy. Expression of TGF-β receptor types I (TGFBR1) and II (TGFBR2) was assessed with flow cytometry. KEY RESULTS MOX did not affect gel contractility or α-SMA filament formation in HCFs without TGF-β1 stimulation. MOX did, however, retard HCF-containing gel contractility and α-SMA filament formation following TGF-β1 stimulation in the pretreatment and co-treatment groups but not in the post-treatment group. MOX blocked the expression of Smad2, phospho-Smad2-Ser467 and TGFBR1 under TGF-β1 incubation. Additionally, MOX enhanced Smad7 expression in TGF-β1-incubated HCFs, but did not interfere with TGF-β-triggered Smad2 nuclear translocation or Smad4 expression. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS MOX inhibited TGF-β-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation via blocking TGFBR1 and enhancing Smad7 expression. MOX should be used before or during surgery to achieve these effects. These results suggest a de novo mechanism by which MOX participates in corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Banqiao District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Hsu CN, Tseng SH, Chang SW, Chen Y. Strongyloides stercoralis infection in an intestinal transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis 2013; 15:E139-43. [PMID: 23789974 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Strongyloides stercoralis is a helminth in tropical and subtropical areas. It may cause latent infection and progress to Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome, which is associated with a high mortality rate. Transplant recipients under the treatment of immunosuppressant agents are at risk of severe S. stercoralis infection. According to related literature, most cases of S. stercoralis infection after solid organ transplantation are caused by reactivation of latent infections in the recipients, whereas only a few are acquired from the donors. We report on an intestinal transplant recipient who had S. stercoralis infection diagnosed by a larva of this parasite found in the stool from the ileostomy stoma 1 month after transplantation. The donor was considered the source of the infection because the donor was from an endemic area and had marked eosinophilia, and the recipient had no contact history or clinical manifestations related to the S. stercoralis infection before transplantation. The patient was treated with ivermectin and exhibited no evidence of infection after 7 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Hsu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Pan-Chiao, New Taipei, Taiwan
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Liu QJ, Cheng AYS, Zhu JH, Fong SK, Chang SW, Tam KS, Viseu A. [Ultraviolet Mie lidar observations of aerosol extinction in a dust storm case over Macao]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2012; 32:625-629. [PMID: 22582620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosol over Macao was monitored by using a 355 nm Mie scattering lidar during the dust event on March 22nd, 2010. Vertical profiles of aerosol extinction coefficients were obtained and correlated with local PM10 concentration. The near-surface aerosol extinction coefficients have good agreement with PM10 concentration values. The aerosol extinction vertical profiles showed that there were distinct layers of dust aerosol concentration. The source and tracks of dust aerosol were analyzed by back-trajectory simulation. Observations showed that this lidar could run well even in dust storm episode, and it would help to further the study on aerosol properties over Macao.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-jun Liu
- Department of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Abstract
In contrast to cervical and lumbar fusion procedures, the principal aim of disk arthroplasty is to recapitulate the normal kinematics and biomechanics of the spinal segment affected. Following decompression of the neural elements, disk arthroplasty allows restoration of disk height and maintenance of spinal alignment. Based on clinical observations and biomechanical testing, the anticipated advantage of arthroplasty over standard arthrodesis techniques has been a proposed reduction in the development of symptomatic ALD. In this review of cervical and lumbar disk arthroplasty, we highlight the clinical results and experience with standard fusion techniques, incidence of ALD in the population of patients with surgical fusion, and indications for arthroplasty, as well as the biomechanical and clinical outcomes following arthroplasty. In addition, we introduce the devices currently available and provide a critical appraisal of the clinical evidence regarding arthroplasty procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Uschold
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the speech function of low height bulb obturators with that of high height bulb obturators. Thirteen maxillectomy patients, who underwent post-operative prosthodontic rehabilitations, were included. Two obturators of the same design except for different bulb heights were fabricated for each maxillectomy patient. One of the two obturators had high bulb design and the other had low bulb design. After one of the obturators was used for a period of 3 weeks, the patient's speaking functions were evaluated by measuring nasalance scores, formant frequencies, and vowel working space areas. The same procedures were repeated with the second obturator following another 3-week period of usage. In addition, the effect of delivery sequence and anatomic conditions related to maxillectomy were analysed. The results demonstrated that the nasalance scores with the low bulb obturators were significantly higher than those with the high bulb obturators. There were no significant differences in formant frequencies based on the bulb height of the obturators. The vowel working spaces for the two obturators were similar in shape and there were no significant differences between the vowel working space areas created by the two obturators. The delivery sequence affected the results. However, there were no significant differences related to the other anatomical variables. Although low bulb obturators might function similarly with high bulb obturators in terms of the articulation of speech, they would exhibit a difficulty in controlling hypernasality in maxillectomy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Kwon
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Moon SH, Park J, Oh JM, Kim NJ, Lee D, Chang SW, Nielsen D, Chuang SL. Strong tunable slow and fast lights using a gain-clamped semiconductor optical amplifier. Opt Express 2009; 17:21222-21227. [PMID: 19997361 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.021222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Previously demonstrated slow light is still far from applications, particularly due to the limited bandwidth and control speed. Although semiconductor-based slow light has the high bandwidth and sub-nanosecond control speed, slow light was observed only in the absorption regime with attenuation, while fast light observed in the gain regime with amplification. The large power difference in two regimes makes the use of the optical delay impractical. We report novel slow light in the gain regime, with a high power comparable to that of fast light, utilizing the anomalous gain characteristic in a gain-clamped semiconductor optical amplifier. The slow light is tunable to fast light with the current as the only variable. Additional high speed operation, fast delay control, and wide range of operation wavelength make the present approach practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Moon
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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Chang SW, Reddy V, Pereira T, Dean BJ, Xia YQ, Seto C, Franklin RB, Karanam BV. The pharmacokinetics and disposition of MK-0524, a Prostaglandin D2receptor 1 antagonist, in rats, dogs and monkeys. Xenobiotica 2008; 37:514-33. [PMID: 17523054 DOI: 10.1080/00498250601175565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
MK-0524 is a potent, selective and orally active Prosglandin D(2) Receptor 1 (DP(1)) antagonist currently under clinical development for the treatment of niacin-induced flushing. Experiments to study the pharmacokinetics, metabolism and excretion of MK-0524 were conducted in rats, dogs and monkeys. MK-0524 displayed linear kinetics and rapid absorption following an oral dose. Following intravenous (i.v.) administration of MK-0524 to rats and dogs (1 and 5 mg/kg), the mean Cl(p) was approximately 2 and approximately 6 ml/min/kg, the T(1/2) was approximately 7 and approximately 13 h and the Vd(ss) was approximately 1 and approximately 5 L/kg, respectively. In monkeys dosed i.v. at 3 mg/kg, the corresponding values were 8 ml/min/kg, 3 h and 1 L/kg, respectively. Following oral dosing of MK-0524 to rats (5, 25 and 100 mg/kg), dogs (5 mg/kg) and monkeys (3 mg/kg), the absorption was rapid with the mean C(max) occurring between 1 and 4 h. Absolute oral bioavailability values in rats, dogs and monkeys were 50, 70 and 8%, respectively. The major circulating metabolite was the acyl glucuronide of MK-0524 (M2), with ratios of glucuronide to the parent aglycone being highest in the monkey followed by dog and rat. In bile duct-cannulated rats and dogs, MK-0524 was eliminated primarily via acyl glucuronidation followed by biliary excretion of the acyl glucuronide, M2, the major drug-related entity in bile.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Chang
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065 , USA
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Abstract
Speckled snow mold, caused by the basidiomycete Typhula ishikariensis Imai, is one of the most prominent winter diseases on perennial grasses and cereal crops in the northern hemisphere. The first linkage map of T. ishikariensis was constructed using a population of 93 sibling monokaryons derived from a single dikaryotic hybrid isolate that was created by a hyphal fusion of two monokaryotic parental isolates. The parental isolates were produced from a pathogenic dikaryotic isolate collected from a golf course in Wisconsin. The two parents exhibit significant differences in the production of aerial mycelium and sclerotia, and in their aggressiveness on creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera L.). A total of 251 loci were mapped, comprising 89 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and 160 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers along with 2 phenotype-based mating-type (MAT) loci. The MAT loci were mapped on linkage groups (LGs) 1 and 7. The markers were evenly distributed over 7 LGs, covering 436 cM with an average marker interval of 2.2 cM. Seven chromosomes were cytologically observed using germ tube bursting methods with acetocarmine staining. This reference linkage map of T. ishikariensis should provide a framework for the mapping of quantitatively controlled traits such as fungal growth, survival, and virulence/avirulence under low temperatures. The map should also be utilized for studying the genome organization of the cold-loving plant-pathogenic Typhula spp. and for comparative genome analysis among fungal taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. W. Chang
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - G. Jung
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Jo YK, Chang SW, Rees J, Jung G. Reassessment of vegetative compatibility of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa using nitrate-nonutilizing mutants. Phytopathology 2008; 98:108-114. [PMID: 18943245 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-98-1-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutants were recovered for the first time from 21 isolates of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa collected in the United States. Mutants were selected from shredded mycelium of each isolate when cultured on water agar medium amended with 4% (wt/vol) potassium chlorate. The mutants could be classified into three phenotypes: nit1, nit3, and NitM, based on their growth on minimal medium (Czapek solution agar) supplemented with NaNO(2) or hypoxanthine. Complementary heterokaryons were observed in pairings between different phenotypes of nit mutants derived from compatible isolates, but not in self-fusions or pairings between incompatible isolates. The vigor of prototrophic growth varied with isolates and mutant phenotypes. Strong and continuous heterokaryons, as well as weak and spontaneous ones, formed depending on pairings of nit mutants. Stable heterokaryons between compatible isolates, but apoptotic reactions between incompatible isolates, were observed immediately after hyphal fusion under the epifluorescence microscope. The 21 isolates used in this study, which were previously assigned into 11 different vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) based on the formation of a barrage zone at the contact site of paired isolates on complete medium (potato dextrose agar), were regrouped into five VCGs based on heterokaryon formation between nit mutants on minimal medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-K Jo
- Department of Plant, Soil and Insects Sciences, University of Massachusets, Amherst 01003, USA
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Chang SW, Chang TH, Abler RAB, Jung G. Variation in Bentgrass Susceptibility to Typhula incarnata and in Isolate Aggressiveness Under Controlled Environment Conditions. Plant Dis 2007; 91:446-452. [PMID: 30781188 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-91-4-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Typhula incarnata, the causal agent of gray snow mold, is an important winter pathogen of turfgrasses in the northern United States. The relative susceptibility of cultivars of three bent-grass species (creeping, colonial, and velvet bentgrass) to Typhula incarnata and the aggressiveness of 15 T. incarnata isolates obtained from infected turfgrasses on golf courses in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin were evaluated under controlled conditions. A hypersensitive type of resistance response to T. incarnata was not observed in any cultivar. Disease severity increased with higher inoculum concentration of T. incarnata. Colonization by gray snow mold gradually decreased with increasing plant age from 11 weeks after seeding in most cultivars tested, suggesting that age-related resistance was expressed over time. There were significant differences in disease severity among the three bentgrass species, particularly between tetraploid (creeping and colonial) and diploid (velvet) species, and among cultivars within each species, indicating varying levels of susceptibility to T. incarnata. All 15 isolates were pathogenic on bentgrass and were significantly different in aggressiveness, but aggressiveness was not related to geographic origin. Therefore, turfgrass breeders should be able to use one or a few virulent representative isolates of the pathogen to screen for resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Chang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003
| | - T H Chang
- Department of Plant Resources, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sangju National University, Sangju-city, Gyeongsang Buk-Do, 742-711, South Korea
| | - R A B Abler
- Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Manitowoc, Manitowoc 54220
| | - G Jung
- Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003
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Chang SW, Scheef E, Abler RAB, Thomson S, Johnson P, Jung G. Distribution of Typhula spp. and Typhula ishikariensis Varieties in Wisconsin, Utah, Michigan, and Minnesota. Phytopathology 2006; 96:926-933. [PMID: 18944047 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-96-0926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Snow molds are psychrophilic fungi that grow under snow cover by taking advantage of carbohydrate-depleted, dormant plants. Typhula snow molds caused by Typhula incarnata, T. phacorrhiza, and T. ishikariensis are the most important winter diseases of perennial grasses and winter cereals in the United States. Colonized turfgrass samples with sclerotia were collected from 135 golf courses in Wisconsin, Utah, Michigan, and Minnesota in spring 2001 and 2002. Species and varieties from a total of 2,864 samples were identified using Typhula spp.-specific polymerase chain reaction markers. All three species were found throughout the states sampled, except T. phacorrhiza, which was not found in Minnesota. T. incarnata was distributed in areas of shorter snow cover duration and higher mean temperature than T. ishikariensis. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that snow cover days and mean temperature were significantly correlated with frequency of Typhula spp. and T. ishikariensis varieties infecting turfgrasses on golf courses in Wisconsin, and that T. incarnata, T. phacorrhiza, and T. ishikariensis were ecologically distinct based on the 2001 data. However, because these two variables accounted for a relatively small proportion of total variation, other environmental variables also may be important in characterizing the distribution of these pathogens and require further study.
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Chang SW, Chang TH, Tredway L, Jung G. Aggressiveness of Typhula ishikariensis Isolates to Cultivars of Bentgrass Species (Agrostis spp.) Under Controlled Environment Conditions. Plant Dis 2006; 90:951-956. [PMID: 30781036 DOI: 10.1094/pd-90-0951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Speckled snow mold, caused by Typhula ishikariensis, is one of the most important Typhula snow molds in subarctic zones of the Northern Hemisphere. Nine isolates of three T. ishikariensis varieties (var. ishikariensis, var. canadensis, and var. idahoensis) isolated from infected turfgrasses on golf course fairways throughout Wisconsin were evaluated for their aggressiveness toward nine cultivars of three bentgrass species (three creeping, three colonial, and three velvet cultivars) under controlled environmental conditions. Speckled snow mold severity increased as inoculum concentration of T. ishikariensis was increased. In general, bentgrass susceptibility increased between 9 and 11 weeks after seeding but gradually decreased thereafter, suggesting expression of age-related resistance as plants matured. Significant differences in aggressiveness were detected within and among T. ishikariensis varieties. Significant interactions between T. ishikariensis varieties or isolates and bentgrass species were detected, but there was no interaction between pathogen isolates and bentgrass cultivars. Disease severity evaluations showed significant differences among bentgrass cultivars and species in their response to T. ishikariensis. Since bentgrass species exhibit differential responses to T. ishikariensis varieties, representative isolates of each variety should be employed for screening of bentgrass germplasm for resistance to speckled snow mold.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - T H Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - L Tredway
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695
| | - G Jung
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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Amin-Hanjani S, Chen PR, Chang SW, Spetzler RF. Long-term follow-up of giant serpentine MCA aneurysm treated with EC-IC bypass and proximal occlusion. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2006; 148:227-8. [PMID: 16322902 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-005-0691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2005] [Accepted: 10/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Giant serpentine aneurysms are a rare but important subset of giant aneurysms, with unique management considerations. We present long-term follow-up clinical and imaging features of a giant serpentine middle cerebral artery lesion treated with extracranial-intracranial bypass and proximal occlusion more than a decade earlier. Calcification of the obliterated aneurysm sac and durability of this management strategy are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Amin-Hanjani
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013-4496, USA
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Chang SW, Shieh CJ, Lee GC, Shaw JF. Multiple mutagenesis of the Candida rugosa LIP1 gene and optimum production of recombinant LIP1 expressed in Pichia pastoris. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2004; 67:215-24. [PMID: 15592826 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-004-1815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2004] [Revised: 10/05/2004] [Accepted: 10/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Candida rugosa lipase, a significant catalyst, had been widely employed to catalyze various chemical reactions such as non-specific, stereo-specific hydrolysis and esterification for industrial biocatalytic applications. Several isozymes encoded by the lip gene family, namely lip1 to lip7, possess distinct thermal stability and substrate specificity, among which the recombinant LIP1 showed a distinguished catalytic characterization. In this study, we utilized PCR to remove an unnecessary linker of pGAPZalphaC vector and used overlap extension PCR-based multiple site-directed mutagenesis to convert the 19 non-universal CTG-serine codons into universal TCT-serine codons and successfully express a highly active recombinant C. rugosa LIP1 in the Pichia expression system. Response surface methodology and 4-factor-5-level central composite rotatable design were adopted to evaluate the effects of growth parameters, such as temperature (21.6-38.4 degrees C), glucose concentration (0.3-3.7%), yeast extract (0.16-1.84%), and pH (5.3-8.7) on the lipolytic activity of LIP1 and biomass of P. pastoris. Based on ridge max analysis, the optimum LIP1 production conditions were temperature, 24.1 degrees C; glucose concentration, 2.6%; yeast extract, 1.4%; and pH 7.6. The predicted value of lipolytic activity was 246.9+/-39.7 U/ml, and the actual value was 253.3+/-18.8 U/ml. The lipolytic activity of the recombinant LIP1 resulting from the present work is twofold higher than that achieved by a methanol induction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Chang
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202, Taiwan
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Mott JL, Zhang D, Freeman JC, Mikolajczak P, Chang SW, Zassenhaus HP. Cardiac disease due to random mitochondrial DNA mutations is prevented by cyclosporin A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 319:1210-5. [PMID: 15194495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mice expressing an error-prone mitochondrial DNA polymerase rapidly accumulate random mutations in mitochondrial DNA. Expression of the transgene in the heart leads to dilated cardiomyopathy accompanied by a wave of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, and a vigorous and persistent protective response, including upregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2. To investigate the role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in the development of disease, we treated mice with cyclosporin A (CsA), an inhibitor of pore opening. Drug treatment prevented cardiac dilatation, transgene-specific apoptosis, and upregulation of Bcl-2. It also rescued hearts from the profound decrease in connexin 43, which characterizes the dilatated heart. Treatment with FK506, which like CsA inhibits cytoplasmic calcineurin but not the mitochondrial pore, did not affect disease development, suggesting that the relevant target of CsA was the mitochondrial pore. These data implicate breakdowns in the mitochondrial permeability barrier in pathogenesis of elevated frequencies of mtDNA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Mott
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center, 1402 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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Seo GT, Moon CD, Chang SW, Lee SH. Long term operation of high concentration powdered activated carbon membrane bio-reactor for advanced water treatment. Water Sci Technol 2004; 50:81-87. [PMID: 15566190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A pilot scale experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of a membrane bioreactor filled with high concentration powdered activated carbon. This hybrid system has great potential to substitute for existing GAC or O3/BAC processes in the drinking water treatment train. The system was installed at a water treatment plant located downstream of the Nakdong river basin, Korea. Effluent of rapid sand filter was used as influent of the system which consists of PAC bio-reactor, submerged MF membrane module and air supply facility. PAC concentration of 20 g/L was maintained at the beginning of the experiment and it was increased to 40 g/L. The PAC has not been changed during the operational periods. The membrane was a hollow fiber type with pore sizes of 0.1 and 0.4 microm. It was apparent that the high PAC concentration could prevent membrane fouling. 40 g/L PAC was more effective to reduce the filtration resistance than 20 g/L. At the flux of 0.36 m/d, TMP was maintained less than 40 kPa for about 3 months by intermittent suction type operation (12 min suction/3 min idling). Adsorption was the dominant role to remove DOC at the initial operational period. However the biological effect was gradually increased after around 3 months operation. Constant DOC removal could be maintained at about 40% without any trouble and then a tremendous reduction of DBPs (HAA5 and THM) higher than 85% was achieved. Full nitrification was observed at the controlled influent ammonia nitrogen concentration of 3 and 7 mg/L. pH was an important parameter to keep stable ammonia oxidation. From almost two years of operation, it is clear that the PAC membrane bioreactor is highly applicable for advanced water treatment under the recent situation of more stringent DBPs regulation in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Seo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Sarim-dong 9, Changwon, Gyeongnam 641-773, South Korea.
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Chang SW, Hong JM, Hong JW, Cho HN. Synthesis and characterization of fluorene-based electroluminescent polymers containing silyl groups. Polym Bull (Berl) 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/s289-001-8176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
AIMS To further understand the effect of refractive error on the corneal dimensions and function. METHODS Corneal curvature, corneal thickness, and axial length measurements were performed, as well as specular microscopy and fluorophotometry, on patients with various refractive statuses. 216 subjects, mean age 22.2 (SD 4.2) years, were examined. Patients with previous contact lens wear history, external eye diseases, as well as previous ocular surgeries, were excluded. RESULTS The corneas were flatter in eyes with longer axial length (r = -0.22, p = 0.003). Eyes with more myopic spherical equivalent had longer axial length (r = -0.90, p <0.001) as well as less corneal endothelial density (r = 0.20, p = 0.037). Corneal endothelial density decreased in eyes with longer axial length (r = 0.24, p = 0.019); however, it correlated neither with corneal thickness (r = -0.06, p = 0.59) nor with corneal curvature (r = -0.07, p = 0.52). The corneas had a mean corneal thickness of 533 (SD 29) microm and were thinner in more myopic eyes (r = 0.16, p = 0.021). The corneas tended to be thinner in eyes with longer axial length. However, the correlation did not reach statistical significance (r = -0.11, p = 0.14). Besides, there was no significant correlation between the corneal thickness and the corneal curvature (r = -0.13, p = 0.093) and the endothelial permeability (r = 0.042, p = 0.69). The corneas with higher endothelial density had larger corneal transfer coefficient (r = 0.26, p = 0.024) and higher permeability to fluorescein molecules (r = 0.28, p = 0.014). Nevertheless, the corneal endothelial permeability did not correlate significantly with either the axial length (r = -0.18, p = 0.11) or the degree of myopia (r = 0.12, p = 0.26). CONCLUSION Changes in the anterior segments as the eyeball elongates in myopia progression included flatter corneal curvature, decreased corneal thickness, as well as decreased endothelial density. These factors should be considered in refractive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taiwan.
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