Current research and clinical trends in rosacea pathogenesis

Circadian rhythm disruption promotes M1 macrophages polarization exacerbating the inflammatory response in rosacea

To explore the role of macrophage polarization induced by circadian rhythm disorder (CRD) in the aggravated inflammatory response of rosacea. The rosacesis-like animal model was established by intradermal injection of Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37 (LL37) into the back of mice. HE staining, Western blot and immunofluorescence detection were used to investigate the effect of circadian rhythm disorder on the expression of inflammatory factors and macrophage polarization in rosacea. Overexpression of Brain and Muscle ARNT-Like 1 (Oe-Bmal1) was transfected into HaCaT cells and M0 macrophages treated with LL37 in vitro to investigate the role of Muscle ARNT-Like 1 (Bmal1) on rosacea. In LL37-induced rosacea mice, circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) suppressed the expression of circadian clock proteins, including Bmal1, Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (Clock), Period Circadian Protein 1 (Per1), Period Circadian Protein 2 (Per2), Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group D Member 1 (Rev-erbα), and Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor Alpha (RORα), and induced the polarization of macrophages in rosacea-like mice towards the M1 phenotype. Subsequently, the expression of inflammatory factors, including Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), was promoted, which aggravated the inflammatory response of skin lesions. Over-expression of Bmal1 significantly increased the expression level of clock proteins and inhibited the polarization of macrophages to M1 type, consequently inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors in the cell model of rosacea. Circadian rhythm disorder may aggravate the inflammatory response of rosacea by affecting macrophage polarization, which indicates that paying attention to regular sleep and rest may be necessary for the treatment and management of rosacea.

The effect of rosacea on neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

This study aimed to explore the potential causal relationships between rosacea and Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, anxiety disorders, and depression with MR analysis. Genetic data for rosacea and the four neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders were sourced from GWAS databases. After completing stringent quality control procedures, SNPs meeting significance thresholds were selected as IVs. Our primary statistical analysis was conducted by IVW approach. To investigate the robustness of results, heterogeneity tests, sensitivity analyses, and pleiotropy assessments were conducted. Reverse MR analyses were subsequently carried out to further substantiate the causal relationships. The present study discovered a positive correlation between rosacea and an elevated risk of depression (OR = 1.0015, 95% CI = 1.0002-1.0027, P = 0.02). There is no causal evidence to support a connection between rosacea and Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, or anxiety disorders. Reverse MR analyses indicated no causal associations between these four disorders and the risk of rosacea. The findings reveal that individuals with rosacea may have an elevated risk of depression.

Probiotics and gut microbiota modulation: implications for skin health and disease management

The gut microbiota, consisting of a varied population of microorganisms in the digestive tract, is essential for sustaining overall human health, encompassing skin health. This review explored the intricate relationship between gut microbiota and various skin disorders, investigating the pathways through which gut dysbiosis may have impacted the development and progression of these conditions. We focused on the impact of gut microbiota on atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, acne rosacea, and melanoma. The review highlighted the potential of probiotics as a therapeutic strategy for modulating gut microbiota composition and, consequently, improving skin health. We discussed the evidence supporting the use of probiotics in managing these skin disorders and explored the mechanisms by which probiotics delivered their positive effects. Finally, we discussed the potential role of gut microbiota in other skin diseases, emphasizing the need for further research to unravel the complex interplay between the gut and the skin. Significant gaps remain in understanding the gut-skin axis, how microbial interactions contribute to skin disorders, and how to effectively manipulate the microbiome for therapeutic purposes. This review provided extensive research on the gut-skin axis, highlighting the promising prospects of modulating gut microbiota as a therapeutic strategy for various dermatological conditions.

Demodex mites among solid organ transplant recipients: a cross-sectional study

Introduction

Demodex mites (DM) are pathogenic parasites that in some people cause demodicosis. It is widely discussed which groups of patients are more prone to develop the disease.

Aim

To evaluate the prevalence of DM in a population of solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) in comparison to immunocompetent controls.

Material and methods

A total of 225 SOTRs were tested for DM by 2 methods: microscopic evaluation of scrapings of the face and by dermoscopic examination of the face. Additionally, a group of 95 patients, who do not have any immunosuppression history, were asked to volunteer as controls. Every patient in study group was examined for face symptoms and had his medical history reviewed.

Results

The prevalence of positive Demodex test was not significantly different among SOTRs comparing to controls (21 positive results among SOTRs (9.3%) vs. 6 positive controls (6.3%), (p = 0.38)), but there was a numerically higher rate in SOTRs population. Patients treated with tacrolimus had a higher odds ratio of a positive Demodex test when compared to those treated with cyclosporine A (p = 0.046). Skin symptoms were characterized by relatively high negative predictive values (91.0-93.7%). Itch had the best balance between sensitivity and specificity, whereas exfoliation had the highest diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusions

In our study, demodicosis does not occur more often among SOTRs than in the general population. Notably, itch and exfoliation are symptoms of the greatest diagnostic value in demodicosis diagnosis. Patients receiving tacrolimus had a higher prevalence of a positive Demodex test when compared to those treated with cyclosporine A.

Unveiling the Molecular Mechanisms of Rosacea: Insights From Transcriptomics and In Vitro Experiments

BACKGROUND

Rosacea is a prevalent inflammatory skin condition, but its molecular mechanisms and treatment responses remain poorly understood.

AIMS

This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying rosacea and explore drug response through transcriptomic analysis and in vitro experiments.

PATIENTS/METHODS

We performed high-throughput RNA sequencing to analyze gene expression patterns in rosacea patients. In vitro experiments, including RT-qPCR, Western blot, ELISA, scratch, and Transwell assays, were used to evaluate gene and protein expression and cell behavior in HaCaT cells under simulated rosacea conditions.

RESULTS

Transcriptomic analysis revealed significantly elevated expression of inflammatory-related genes in rosacea patients. In vitro, HaCaT cells exhibited enhanced proliferation and migration abilities, accompanied by increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes and proteins. Specifically, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and S100A9 proteins were upregulated, potentially promoting these processes.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study elucidates the molecular mechanisms of rosacea, highlighting the role of inflammatory pathways and altered cell behavior in the disease. TLR2 and S100A9 may contribute to disease progression, offering potential targets for future therapeutic strategies.

Frontiers of myopia research in the 21st century: A bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most influential articles in the field

Myopia is the most common refractive error worldwide, contributing not only to visual impairment but also serving as a potential risk factor for various severe ocular diseases. Its impact on patients' quality of life and health is significant and imposes substantial socioeconomic burdens. In this study, we analyzed the top 100 most cited articles related to myopia published in the Web of Science Core Collection database from January 2000 to February 2024. Using data visualization tools CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Scimago Graphica, we identified the most influential research papers and academic journals in the field of myopia. The top 100 most influential articles were published in 25 renowned journals across 30 countries, with Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science being the most prolific. Ophthalmology had the highest total citation frequency, while The Lancet had the highest average citation frequency. The United States and the National University of Singapore were the top countries and institutions with the most published papers. The 3 major research directions are Ophthalmology, Medicine, General & Internal, and Genetics & Heredity. The top 5 co-occurring keywords were refractive error, risk factors, prevalence, eye growth, and form-deprivation myopia. Cluster analysis results highlighted focal points such as retinal detachment, high myopia, and contrast sensitivity, indicating potential future research trends. Prospective research directions include investigating the pathogenesis of myopia, updating diagnostic technologies, and identifying risk genes for myopia and its complications.

Signaling pathways and targeted therapy for rosacea

Rosacea is a chronic skin inflammatory disease with a global prevalence ranging from 1% to 20%. It is characterized by facial erythema, telangiectasia, papules, pustules, and ocular manifestations. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, immune, microbial, and neurovascular factors. Recent studies have advanced our understanding of its molecular basis, focusing on toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 pathways, LL37 expression, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation, interleukin (IL)-17 signaling, transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) functions, and the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathways. LL37-associated signaling pathways, particularly involving TLR2 and mTORC1, are critical in the pathogenesis of rosacea. LL37 interacts with signaling molecules such as extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), inflammasomes, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2)-TRPV4, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This interaction activates macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, and vascular endothelial cells, leading to cytokine release including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-1β, C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 5, CXCL9, and CXCL10. These processes contribute to immune response modulation, inflammation, and angiogenesis in rosacea pathophysiology. The IL-17 signaling pathway also plays a crucial role in rosacea, affecting angiogenesis and the production of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, recent insights into the JAK/STAT pathways have revealed their integral role in inflammatory and angiogenic mechanisms associated with rosacea. Rosacea treatment currently focuses on symptom management, with emerging insights into these molecular pathways providing more targeted and effective therapies. Biological agents targeting specific cytokines, IL-17 inhibitors, JAK inhibitors, and VEGF antagonists are promising for future rosacea therapy, aiming for enhanced efficacy and fewer side effects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding signaling pathways in rosacea and potential targeted therapeutic strategies.

Bisphenol-A and pentachlorophenol sodium levels in patients with rosacea

BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES

Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder. Endocrinedisrupting chemicals (EDC) are toxic substances, that may gain entry through the skin and subsequently interfere with hormonal and immune functions. Bisphenol A (BPA) and pentachlorophenol sodium (PCS) are two of these EDCs, incriminated in the pathogenesis of certain inflammatory skin disorders. We aimed to test the hypothesis that exposure to BPA and PCS might be involved in the pathogenesis of rosacea.

METHODS

This prospective cross-sectional study involved 34 patients with rosacea (18F/16 M; mean age 48.5 ± 11 years) and 34 age and sex-matched healthy controls (20 F/14 M; mean age 48.2 ± 10.2 years). Main anthropometric measures, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, HOMA-IR, lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP), BPA, and PCS levels were quantified and recorded.

RESULTS

Serum CRP (9.6 ± 3.4 vs. 3.7 ± 1.6 mg/L, respectively, p0.05 for all). Serum BPA levels were 55.8 ± 14.4 and 51.9 ± 19.2 ng/mL, and PCS levels were 63.3 ± 45.9 ng/mL and 68.6 ± 40.8 ng/mL for patients and healthy controls, respectively. There was no significant difference in BPA and PCS levels between the two groups (p > 0.05 for both). No significant association was found among HOMAIR, CRP, BPA, and PCS levels (p > 0.05 for all).

CONCLUSIONS

Although the present study fails to provide presumptive evidence for the role of BPA and PCS in rosacea, the question as to other EDCs might be involved in its etiopathogenesis remains. This hypothesis requires confirmation in large-scale future prospective trials.

Advancements and Challenges in Aptamer-Based Therapeutics and Diagnostics Across Diverse Medical Domains: A Comprehensive Review

Aptamers, which are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules, are increasingly recognized as important tools in diagnostics and therapeutics across various medical disciplines such as oncology, respiratory diseases, and neurological disorders. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the recent progress and obstacles encountered in the field of aptamer-based applications. Aptamers have shown promise in oncology for early cancer detection and targeted drug delivery, effectively reducing off-target effects. They also hold potential for significantly impacting the management of respiratory conditions such as asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) by selectively targeting cytokines and regulating the inflammatory response. In the realm of neurological disorders, aptamers offer novel methods by influencing the gut-brain axis and proposing potential approaches for early detection and specific therapy. Despite these notable benefits, persistent challenges remain in areas such as molecular stability, delivery mechanisms, and economic viability. This review offers a comprehensive overview of aptamer-based diagnostics and therapeutics while exploring potential avenues for future research.

Bibliometric analysis of PTEN in neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration

Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) was initially recognized as a significant regulator of cancer suppression and could impede cancer cell survival, proliferation, and energy metabolism. PTEN is highly expressed in neurons and performs crucial functions in neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and neuronal survival. Disruption of PTEN activity may also result in abnormal neuronal function and is associated with various neurological disorders, including stroke, seizures, and autism. Although several studies have shown that PTEN is involved in the development and degenerative processes of the nervous system, there is still a lack of in-depth studies that summarize and analyse patterns of cooperation between authors, institutions, countries, and journals, as well as research hotspots and trends in this important field. To identify and further visualize the cooperation and comprehend the development and trends of PTEN in the nervous system, especially in neural development and neurological diseases, we used a bibliometric analysis to identify relevant publications on this topic. We first found that the number of publications displayed a growing trend with time, but this was not stable. Universities, institutions, and authors from the United States are leading in this area of research. In addition, many cutting-edge research results have been discovered, such as key regulatory molecules and cellular mechanisms of PTEN in the nervous system, which may provide novel intervention targets and precise therapeutic strategies for related pathological injuries and diseases. Finally, the literature published within the last 5 years is discussed to identify future research trends regarding PTEN in the nervous system. Taken together, our findings, analysed using bibliometrics, may reflect research hotspots and trends, providing a reference for studying PTEN in the nervous system, especially in neural development and neurological diseases. These findings can assist new researchers in developing their research interests and gaining basic information. Moreover, our findings also may provide precise clinical guidelines and strategies for treating nervous system injuries and diseases caused by PTEN dysfunction.

Associations of serum gamma-linolenic acid levels with erythema severity and anxiety/depression status in patients with rosacea

BACKGROUND

The development of rosacea is suggested to be closely associated with lipid metabolism, inflammation, and anxiety/depression. Gamma linolenic acid (GLA) is a key factor participating in lipid metabolism, which is also confirmed to regulate the inflammatory response. However, the associations of serum GLA levels with rosacea severity and psychological status still remain unclear.

OBJECTIVE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The present study aimed to investigate the associations of gamma linolenic acid (GLA), a key factor participating in lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response, with rosacea severity and psychological status. The present study still had some limitations. First, this study is a cross-sectional study and does not provide longitudinal evidence about the relationship between GLA and rosacea; Second, the cohort in this study is also relatively small, and a larger cohort is needed in further investigation to reveal the potential role of lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of rosacea.

METHODS

A total of 62 rosacea patients were consecutively recruited. Patient's Self-Assessment (PSA) scale and Clinician Erythema Assessment (CEA) as well as 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were conducted to evaluate the degree of erythema severity and anxiety/depression, respectively. Serum GLA levels were determined by gas chromatography mass.

RESULTS

Lower levels of serum GLA in rosacea patients were observed (p<0.001), and subgroup analysis revealed that patients with higher-level GLA had lower scores of PSA, CEA, GAD-7 and PHQ-9. Moreover, Spearman correlation analysis uncovered that serum GLA levels were negatively associated with PSA, CEA, GAD-7 as well and PHQ-9 scores, respectively. Linear regression model found that serum GLA levels at baseline were a predictive factor for prognosis of clinical outcomes after 1-month conventional treatment.

CONCLUSION

The present study indicates that lower levels of serum GLA in rosacea patients are negatively associated with the degree of erythema and anxiety/depression status.

Emerging trends in the blood spinal-cord barrier: A bibliometric analysis

BACKGROUND

The blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) is a unique protective barrier located between the circulatory system and the central nervous system. BSCB plays a vital role in various diseases. However, there is little systematic research and recording in this field by bibliometrics analysis. We aim to visualize this field through bibliometrics to analyze the hotspots and trends of BSCB and in order to facilitate an understanding of future developments in basic and clinical research.

METHODS

To conduct a bibliometric study of original publications and their references, the keywords Blood Spinal-Cord Barrier and BSCB are searched and filtered from the Web of Science database (2000-2022), focusing on citations, authors, journals, and countries/regions. Additionally, clustering of the references and co-citation analysis was completed, including a total of 1926 articles and comments.

RESULTS

From the results, 193 authors were identified, among which Sharma Hs played a key role. As far as the analysis result of the clustering of the references is concerned, the most common type in cluster analysis is spinal cord injury (SCI) which is a current and developing research field. The keywords are also the specific content under these clusters. The most influential organization is Univ Calif San Francisco, and "Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences of The United States of America" magazine is the most cited magazine.

CONCLUSION SUBSECTIONS

The research on BSCB is booming focusing mainly on "BSCB in SCI" including "activation," "pathway," and "drug delivery" which is also the trend of future research.

Pyroptosis-related gene signature elicits immune response in rosacea

Rosacea is a complex chronic inflammatory skin disorder with high morbidity. Pyroptosis is known as a regulated inflammatory cell death. While its association with immune response to various inflammatory disorders is well established, little is known about its functional relevance of rosacea. So, we aimed to explore and enrich the pathogenesis involved in pyroptosis-related rosacea aggravations. In this study, we evaluated the pyroptosis-related patterns of rosacea by consensus clustering analysis of 45 ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs), with multiple immune cell infiltration analysis to identify the pyroptosis-mediated immune response in rosacea using GSE65914 dataset. The co-co-work between PRGs and WGCNA-revealed hub genes has established using PPI network. FRG signature was highlighted in rosacea using multi-transcriptomic and experiment analysis. Based on this, three distinct pyroptosis-related rosacea patterns (non/moderate/high) were identified, and the notably enriched pathways have revealed through GO, KEGG and GSEA analysis, especially immune-related pathways. Also, the XCell/MCPcount/ssGSEA/Cibersort underlined the immune-related signalling (NK cells, Monocyte, Neutrophil, Th2 cells, Macrophage), whose hub genes were identified through WGCNA (NOD2, MYD88, STAT1, HSPA4, CXCL8). Finally, we established a pyroptosis-immune co-work during the rosacea aggravations. FRGs may affect the progression of rosacea by regulating the immune cell infiltrations. In all, pyroptosis with its mediated immune cell infiltration is a critical factor during the development of rosacea.

Evaluation of Dermatological and Neurological Aspects of the Relationship between Rosacea and Headaches

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between rosacea and headaches, focusing on different subtypes, as well as the associated clinical features and triggering factors. In this prospective study, 300 patients diagnosed with rosacea and 320 control subjects without rosacea or any connected mast cell activation illness were included. Patients with rosacea were assessed by a dermatologist according to the 2019 updated rosacea classification (ROSCO panel). Accordingly, patients were classified based on their predominant rosacea subtype as follows: erythematotelangiectatic (ETR), papulopustular (PPR), or phymatous (RhR). Patients experiencing headaches were assessed using the International Headache Classification. Headaches were categorized as migraine, tension-type headaches (TTHs), secondary types (STHs), and cluster-type headaches (CTHs). The ratio of headache was 30.3% in the rosacea group, which did not show a significant difference compared to the control group (30.3% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.138). In 81.3% of rosacea patients with headaches, headache onset occurred after the diagnosis of rosacea. The rate of patients with headaches was higher in the ETR group compared to the PPR and RhR groups (35.2% vs. 16.2% vs. 23.1%, p = 0.007, respectively). In terms of headache subtypes, the rates of patients with migraine and STHs were higher in the ETR group compared to the PPR and RhR groups, while the rate of patients with TTHs was higher in the RhR group. A positive correlation was found between rosacea severity and migraine severity (r = 0.284, p < 0.05). Among the triggering factors for rosacea, only sunlight was found to be associated with headaches. Lower age, female gender, and moderate to severe rosacea severity were identified as independent factors increasing the likelihood of headaches. A significant portion of rosacea patients experience headaches. Particularly, different subtypes of rosacea may be associated with various types of headaches. This study, highlighting the connection between migraine and ETR, is a pioneering work that demonstrates common pathogenic mechanisms and potential triggers.

Rosacea pathogenesis and therapeutics: current treatments and a look at future targets

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition associated with a significant health and economic burden from costs and loss of productivity due to seeking medical treatment. The disease encompasses multiple phenotypic manifestations involving a complex and multi-variate pathogenesis. Although the pathophysiology of rosacea is not completely understood, ongoing research is continually elucidating its mechanisms. In this review, current concepts of rosacea pathogenesis will be addressed which involve skin barrier and permeability dysfunction, the innate and adaptive immune systems, and the neurovascular system. More specifically, the cathelicidin pathway, transient potential receptor channels, mast cells, and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway are various targets of current pharmacologic regimens. Future therapies may seek different mechanisms to act on current treatment targets, like the potential use of JAK/STAT inhibitors in ameliorating skin barrier dysfunction or TLR antagonists in alleviating cathelicidin mediated inflammation. Other potential treatments aim for entirely different molecular targets such as microvesicle particle mediated local and systemic inflammation. Ultimately rosacea is associated with a significant health and economic burden which warrants deeper research into its pathogenesis and resultant new treatment discovery.

The Role of Cosmetology in an Effective Treatment of Rosacea: A Narrative Review

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory facial skin disease usually occurring in middle-aged patients. It manifests itself as an inflammatory condition with perivascular infiltrate, dilated blood vessels, lymphoedema, hyperplasia of sebaceous glands, and disorders of connective tissue structures brought on by fibrosis. Rosacea is characterized by multifactorial inflammatory mechanisms, and therefore it requires an interdisciplinary approach including adequate skin care, topical and/or systemic therapy, and physical modalities to successfully treat the various symptoms and disease subtypes. However, data regarding the possible role of cosmetologists in rosacea remains scanty and equivocal. The objectives of cosmetology therapy include restoration and regeneration, anti-inflammatory effects, the strengthening of blood vessels and regulation of their permeability, and the regulation of keratinization. Vascular abnormalities can be targeted with specific light and laser devices. Therefore, the present paper aims to review the latest advances and summarize different aspects concerning skin care in rosacea. Particular attention has been paid to the co-operation of cosmetologists with other specialists in order to bring about the interdisciplinary management of rosacea. It is also important to keep in mind that it is usually necessary to combine various methods of treatment, as this approach is more effective than monotherapy for attaining satisfactory cosmetic results in rosacea patients.

A bibliometric analysis of hotpots and trends for the relationship between skin inflammation and regeneration

BACKGROUND

Skin regeneration is a challenging issue worldwide. Increasing research has highlighted the role of immune cells in healing and the underlying regulatory mechanism. The purpose of this study was to identify the hotspots and trends in skin regeneration and inflammation research through bibliometrics and to provide insights into the future development of fundamental research and disease treatment.

METHODS

Publications were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection on March 1, 2022. Articles and reviews published in English from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2022, were selected, and statistical analyses of countries, institutions, authors, references, and keywords were performed using VOSviewer 1.6.18 and CiteSpace 5.8.

RESULTS

A total of 3,894 articles and reviews were selected. The number of publications on skin inflammation and regeneration showed an increasing trend over time. Additionally, authors and institutions in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and China appeared to be at the forefront of research in the field of skin inflammation and regeneration. Werner Sabine published some of the most cited papers. Wound Repair and Regeneration was the most productive journal, while Journal of Investigative Dermatology was the most cited journal. Angiogenesis, diamonds, collagen, cytokine, and keratinocytes were the five most commonly used keywords.

CONCLUSION

The number of publications on skin inflammation and regeneration show an increasing trend. Moreover, a series of advanced technologies and treatments for skin regeneration, such as exosomes, hydrogels, and wound dressings, are emerging, which will provide precise information for the treatment of skin wounds. This study can enhance our understanding of current hotspots and future trends in skin inflammation and regeneration research, as well as provide guidelines for fundamental research and clinical treatment.

A bibliometric analysis of apoptosis in glaucoma

BACKGROUND

Glaucoma is the first irreversible and second blindness disease, which is characterized by the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and degeneration of the optic nerve. Previous works have indicated that apoptosis is the main reason for RGC death in glaucoma. Although many studies have investigated the mechanism of apoptosis and different strategies targeting apoptosis to protect the RGCs and finally recover the impaired vision in the glaucoma. However, the global trend and hotspots of apoptosis in glaucoma have not been well illustrated and discussed.

METHODS

Documents were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection on November 2, 2022. We selected articles and reviews published in English from January 1, 1999 to November 1, 2022 to perform visual analysis and statistical analysis of countries, institutions, authors, references and keywords by VOSviewer 1.6.18 and CiteSpace 5.8.

RESULTS

The publications about apoptosis in glaucoma show an increasing trend over time. Besides, the authors, institutions in the US and China published the most numbers of articles with the highest citation, which may be leading the research in the field of apoptosis in glaucoma. Last, series of advanced research results, technology and treatment for glaucoma, such as the discovery of key regulatory mechanisms on RGC apoptosis are emerging and will provide precise strategies for the treatment of glaucoma.

CONCLUSION

This research will broaden our comprehension about the role of apoptosis in the process of glaucoma, and provide guidelines for us in basic research and disease treatment in the further.

Bibliometric analysis of ferroptosis: a comprehensive evaluation of its contribution to cancer immunity and immunotherapy

Background

In the past 5 years, ferroptosis-associated cancer immunity has been attracted significant research interest.

Objective

This study was performed to identify and analyze the global output trend for ferroptosis in cancer immunity.

Methods

Relevant studies were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection on Feb 10^th, 2023. The VOSviewer and Histcite softwares were utilized to perform the visual bibliometric and deep mining analyses.

Results

A total of 694 studies (530 articles (76.4%) and 164 (23.6%) review articles) were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection for visualization analyses. The top 3 key keywords were ferroptosis, prognosis and immunotherapy. The top 30 local citation score (LCS) authors were all collaborators of Zou Weiping. Deep mining of 51 nanoparticle-related articles showed that BIOMATERIALS was the most popular journal. The primary goal of gene signatures related to ferroptosis and cancer immunity was to establish prognostic predictions.

Conclusion

There has been a significant increase in ferroptosis-associated immune publications in the recent 3 years. The key research hotspots include mechanisms, prediction and therapeutic outcomes. The most influential article was from the Zou Weiping's group, which proposed that system xc-mediated ferroptosis is induced by CD8(+) T cell-secreted IFNγ after PD-L1 blockage for immunotherapy. The frontier of research in the field of ferroptosis-associated immune is the study on nanoparticle and gene signature The limitation of this bibliometric study is that publications on this topic are few.

Research Hotspots and Frontiers of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Stroke: A Bibliometric Analysis

Background: Over the past decade, many studies in the field of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in stroke have been published in scholarly journals. However, a scientometric analysis focusing on tDCS after stroke is still missing. The purpose of this study is to deliver a bibliometric analysis to investigate the global hotspots and frontiers in the domain of tDCS in stroke from 2012 to 2021. Methods: Articles and reviews related to tDCS in stroke were retrieved and obtained from the Web of Science core collection database from 2012 to 2021. Data visualization and analysis were conducted by using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Microsoft Excel 2019. Results: Finally, 371 publications were included in the scientometric analysis, including 288 articles and 83 reviews. The results showed that the number of publications per year increased from 15 to 68 in the last 10 years. Neurosciences was the main research hotspot category (n = 201). Frontiers in Human Neuroscience was the most published journal with 14 papers. The most productive author, institution, and country were Fregni F (n = 13), the League of European Research Universities (n = 37), and the United States of America (n = 98), respectively. A burstness analysis of keywords and the literature indicated that current studies in the field of tDCS in stroke focused on poststroke aphasia, tDCS combined with robotic therapy, and anatomical parameters. Conclusion: The research of tDCS in stroke is predicted to remain a research hotspot in the future. We recommend investigating the curative effect of other different tDCS closed-loop rehabilitation methods for different stroke dysfunctions. In conclusion, this bibliometric study presented the hotspots and trends of tDCS in stroke over the last decade, which may help researchers manage their further studies.