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Khales P, Razizadeh MH, Ghorbani S, Moattari A, Saadati H, Tavakoli A. Prevalence of respiratory viruses in children with respiratory tract infections during the COVID-19 pandemic era: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med 2025; 25:135. [PMID: 40133851 PMCID: PMC11934662 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-025-03587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The evaluation of the spread of respiratory viruses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is required to understand how SARS-CoV-2 may have impacted the spectrum of respiratory viruses among children. Our study aimed to examine the viral etiology of respiratory infections other than SARS-CoV-2 in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Three databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched from 2020 to 2023 to assess the pooled prevalence of respiratory viruses in different regions, types of patient care, and types of respiratory disease. RESULTS A total of 68 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Rhinovirus/Enterovirus (29.1%) and Respiratory syncytial virus (11.3%) were among the most common viruses among children with respiratory infections during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the case of patients younger than 5 years old, Rhinovirus/Enterovirus (36.2%) were the most prevalent viruses among all types of respiratory diseases. Also, Rhinovirus/Enterovirus were the most common viruses in the case of acute respiratory infection (26.1%), upper respiratory tract infection (21.0%), pneumonia (97.3%), and severe acute respiratory infection (54.7%). The most common viruses detected among inpatient cases were Rhinovirus/Enterovirus (47.4%) and Respiratory syncytial virus (14.9%). The prevalence of Influenza A + B viruses and Metapneumovirus among inpatients was also significantly higher than among outpatients. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of viruses such as Rhinovirus/Enterovirus and Respiratory syncytial virus in various respiratory conditions, shows the requirement for enhanced surveillance, vaccination, and treatment strategies. The significance of Influenza viruses and metapneumovirus in inpatient settings delineates the importance of prioritizing them in future preventive measures such as vaccine development to minimize respiratory infection-associated hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Khales
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Razizadeh
- Becky Mayer Centre for Phage Research, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Cancer Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Saied Ghorbani
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afagh Moattari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Saadati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tavakoli
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Velikova T, Ali H, Tomov L, Velinov T, Lazova S. Nasopharyngeal Colonization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacterial Isolates in Children and Young Adults with Acute, Protracted, and Chronic Cough: A Cross-Sectional Bulgarian Study. ACTA MICROBIOLOGICA HELLENICA 2025; 70:10. [DOI: 10.3390/amh70010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2025]
Abstract
Since the nasopharynx serves as an ecological niche for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Corynebacterium spp., Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, etc., colonization is influenced by antimicrobial treatments, host immune responses, viral infections, and vaccines, often leading to local and systemic infections. We aimed to investigate the patterns of nasopharyngeal colonization and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates in Bulgarian individuals under 20 years of age presenting with acute, protracted, and chronic cough. We analyzed 1383 samples using conventional culture methods, MALDI-TOF MS, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and genetic analyses for Bordetella pertussis and Mycoplasma spp. Among 896 isolates, H. influenzae was the most prevalent (26.23%), followed by M. catarrhalis (23.55%), S. pneumoniae (22.54%), and S. pyogenes causing 7.59% of infections. In children (0–10 years), M. catarrhalis (198 isolates) and H. influenzae (142 isolates) were the most common pathogens, followed by S. pneumoniae (73 isolates), while in those aged 10–20 years, S. pneumoniae was the most common isolate (129), followed by H. influenzae (93) and M. pneumoniae (21). Colonization in children and young adults serves as a reservoir for pathogen transmission to adults, highlighting its significant public health implications. Monitoring bacterial colonization and resistance patterns remains essential to inform targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Velikova
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1 Kozyak Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Hassan Ali
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Latchezar Tomov
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1 Kozyak Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Informatics, New Bulgarian University, Montevideo 21 Str., 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tzvetan Velinov
- Medical Faculty, University Prof. Dr. Assen Zlatarov, Northern Industrial Zone, Prof. Yakim Yakimov Blvd. 1., 8010 Burgas, Bulgaria
| | - Snezhina Lazova
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1 Kozyak Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Healthcare, Faculty of Public Health “Prof. Tsekomir Vodenicharov, MD, DSc”, Medical University of Sofia, Bialo More 8 Str., 1527 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Matsumura Y, Yamamoto M, Tsuda Y, Shinohara K, Tsuchido Y, Yukawa S, Noguchi T, Takayama K, Nagao M. Epidemiology of respiratory viruses according to age group, 2023-24 winter season, Kyoto, Japan. Sci Rep 2025; 15:924. [PMID: 39762485 PMCID: PMC11704254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-85068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
The seasonality and epidemiology of viral acute respiratory infections (ARIs) have changed since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. However, molecular-based ARI surveillance has not been conducted in Japan. We developed a regional surveillance program to define the local epidemiology of ARIs. Between December 2023 and March 2024, 2,992 upper respiratory samples collected from patients suspected of having ARIs at five facilities in Kyoto City, Japan, were tested for SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) using RT‒PCR. Samples negative for these viruses were randomly selected for testing with the FilmArray Respiratory Panel, and the detection rates of other viruses were estimated. SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and RSV were detected in 598 (20.3%), 165 (5.6%), and 40 (1.4%) of the 2,949 samples with valid RT‒PCR results, respectively. The most prevalent viruses in the < 6, 6-17, 18-64, and ≥ 65 year age groups were rhinovirus/enterovirus, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2; influenza virus, seasonal coronavirus, and rhinovirus/enterovirus; SARS-CoV-2, seasonal coronavirus, and influenza virus; and SARS-CoV-2, seasonal coronavirus, and influenza virus, respectively. Significant differences in the detection rates of these viruses were detected between the age groups. This study highlights the importance of age-stratified molecular-based surveillance for a comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of ARIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Matsumura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsuda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koh Shinohara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tsuchido
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satomi Yukawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taro Noguchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miki Nagao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Mori T, Kitano T, Kitagawa D, Murata M, Onishi M, Hachisuka S, Okubo T, Yamamoto N, Nishikawa H, Onaka M, Suzuki R, Sekine M, Suzuki S, Nakamura F, Yoshida S. Risk of admission requirement among children with respiratory infection in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:102570. [PMID: 39481292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/20/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the effect of the type and codetection of respiratory viruses on admission requirements among children with respiratory infections in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. METHODS In this retrospective study, we analyzed patients with acute respiratory symptoms using FilmArray® Respiratory Panel between December 2020 and March 2024. The viruses were classified into eight groups: adenovirus, seasonal coronavirus, human metapneumovirus, human rhinovirus/enterovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and severe acute respiratory virus coronavirus-2. The impact of the detected viral groups and viral codetection on hospitalization rates were examined using multivariable regression analysis in three pediatric age groups (<2 years, 2-4 years, and 5-17 years). RESULTS A total of 4684 tests were performed, of which 3555 (75.9 %) tested positive for at least one respiratory virus and negative for atypical bacteria. Of these, 946 (26.6 %) were hospitalized. Multivariable regression analyses showed that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection was associated with hospitalization requirement among young children (adjusted odds ratios (aOR) 2.46 [1.65-3.67], p < 0.001 in < 2 years, and 1.34 [1.02-2.30], p = 0.042 in 2-4 years). Influenza (aOR 0.23 [0.07-0.83], p = 0.025) and SARS-CoV-2 (aOR 0.39 [0.22-0.69], p = 0.001) were negatively correlated with hospitalization among children younger than 2 years. Viral codetection was not significantly associated with hospitalization in any pediatric age group. CONCLUSION RSV infection was associated with a higher risk of hospitalization in children younger than 5 years than other respiratory viruses. These results highlight the importance of preventive measures against RSV infections, including maternal vaccination and childhood immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Taito Kitano
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Kitagawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Masayuki Murata
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Mai Onishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Soshi Hachisuka
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Tenshin Okubo
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Naohiro Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Masayuki Onaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Rika Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Madoka Sekine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Soma Suzuki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Nakamura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
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Ohbayashi H, Sakurai T, Himeji D, Fukushima Y, Takahashi H, Kiyosue A, Sabater Cabrera E, Matsuki T, Molnar D, Preckler Moreno V, Damaso S, Pirçon JY, Moitinho de Almeida M. Burden of respiratory syncytial virus infections in older adults with acute respiratory infection in Japan: An epidemiological study among outpatients. Respir Investig 2024; 62:914-921. [PMID: 39126825 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory illness, with severe outcomes in older adults. Information on the prevalence, hospitalization rate, and impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of RSV in older adults with acute respiratory infections (ARI) in outpatient settings in Japan is limited. METHODS This multi-center epidemiological study included outpatients aged ≥60 years presenting with ARI between August 2021 and February 2023. Nasal and throat swabs were collected and tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The prevalence of RT-PCR-confirmed RSV (cRSV)-ARI, cRSV-lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD), and other respiratory viruses was calculated by season, region, age group, and RSV subtype. HRQoL was assessed via patient-reported outcomes. RESULTS The study included 923 ARI episodes (cRSV-ARI: N = 24; non-cRSV-ARI: N = 899). In years 1 and 2 (August 2021-July 2022 and August 2022-February 2023), the prevalence of cRSV-ARI was 2.5% and 2.8%, respectively. There was a predominance of RSV-B and RSV-A subtypes in years 1 and 2, respectively. In years 1 and 2 combined, 37.5% of cRSV-ARI cases had lower respiratory tract infection; all cRSV-LRTD cases occurred in those aged 60-74 years. RSV-ARI cases reported throat, chest, and respiratory symptoms, leading to impaired functioning and HRQoL. CONCLUSIONS During the observed study period, RSV was circulating among older adults in Japan. RSV was a leading cause of ARI and LRTD. More data are needed to fully clarify the burden of RSV among older adults in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ohbayashi
- Medical Corporation, Syureikai, Tohno Chuo Clinic, 1 Chome-14-1 Matsugasecho, Mizunami City, Gifu 50-6134, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sakurai
- NTT Medical Center, 5 Chome-9-22 Higashigotanda, Shinagawa City, Tokyo 141-8625, Japan
| | - Daisuke Himeji
- Miyazaki Prefectural Hospital, 5-30 Kitatakamatsucho, Miyazaki, 880-0017, Japan
| | - Yasushi Fukushima
- Fukuwa Clinic, 1 Chome-1-6, Kyobachi, Cyuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Saka General Hospital, 16-5 Nishikicho, Shiogama, Miyagi 985-0024, Japan
| | - Arihiro Kiyosue
- Tokyo-Eki Center-building Clinic, 3 Chome-2-2 Nihonbashi, Chuo City, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
| | | | - Taizo Matsuki
- GSK, Akasaka Intercity Air, 1 Chome-8-1 Akasaka, Minato City, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan
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Kitaura S, Okamoto K. The effect of infectious diseases on lung transplantation in Japan. J Thorac Dis 2024; 16:1632-1644. [PMID: 38505071 PMCID: PMC10944739 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-22-1884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Lung transplantation in Japan is an increasingly accessible treatment option for end-stage lung disease; however, the lack of donor organs is a persisting challenge. Five- and 10-year survival rates of lung transplant recipients in Japan are comparable, if not superior, to international standards. The outcomes of lung transplantation in Japan are likely affected by multiple factors. Infectious disease complications are a significant burden to transplant recipients and account for approximately 30% of recipient mortality in Japan, presenting a major challenge in peri-transplant management. Herein, we explore the current status of infectious disease epidemiology, available evidence surrounding infectious diseases in lung transplantation, and potentially influential factors pertinent to lung transplantation outcomes in Japan. Although infection remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality associated with lung transplantation in Japan, there is limited data and evidence. Despite some uncertainties, publicly available data suggests a low rate of antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria and a distinct set of endemic pathogens that recipients may encounter. As a countermeasure against the burden of infectious diseases, 8 out of 10 transplant centers in Japan have a dedicated infectious diseases department. Despite these efforts, specific surveillance, prevention, and management are indispensable to improving post-transplantation infectious disease management. We accordingly lay out potential areas for improving infectious disease-related outcomes among lung transplant recipients in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kitaura
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh Okamoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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