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Raza SHA, Zhong R, Li X, Pant SD, Shen X, BinMowyna MN, Luo L, Lei H. Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids investigating their role in medicinal applications and genomic protection. J Pharm Pharmacol 2024; 76:1535-1551. [PMID: 39450753 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgae133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ganoderma lucidum (GL) is a white rot fungus widely used for its pharmacological properties and health benefits. GL consists of several biological components, including polysaccharides, sterols, and triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are often found in GL in the form of lanostane-type triterpenoids with quadrilateral carbon structures. KEY FINDINGS The study revealed that triterpenoids have diverse biological properties and can be categorized based on their functional groups. Triterpenoids derived from GL have shown potential medicinal applications. They can disrupt the cell cycle by inhibiting β-catenin or protein kinase C activity, leading to anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic effects. They can also reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines, thus mitigating inflammation. Additionally, triterpenoids have been found to enhance the immune system's defenses against various health conditions. They possess antioxidant, antiparasitic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and antimicrobial activities, making them suitable for pharmaceutical applications. Furthermore, triterpenoids are believed to afford radioprotection to DNA, protecting it from radiation damage. SUMMARY This review focuses on the types of triterpenoids isolated from GL, their synthesis pathways, and their chemical structures. Additionally, it highlights the pharmacological characteristics of triterpenoids derived from GL, emphasizing their significant role in various therapeutic applications and health benefits for both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Ruimin Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Xiangmei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Sameer D Pant
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mona N BinMowyna
- College of Education, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Wu P, Zhang C, Yin Y, Zhang X, Li Q, Yuan L, Sun Y, Zhou S, Ying S, Wu J. Bioactivities and industrial standardization status of Ganoderma lucidum: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36987. [PMID: 39435114 PMCID: PMC11492437 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (GL) is a potent source of bioactive compounds with diverse nutritional and pharmacological benefits. Its popularity as a dietary supplement, herbal remedy, and wellness product is steadily on the rise. Furthermore, the standardized advancement of the GL industry has facilitated reliable sourcing of raw materials and quality control measures, enhancing its utilization and endorsement in the realms of nutritional science and pharmaceutical research. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in research pertaining to the bioactive components of GL, particularly polysaccharides (GLP) and triterpenes (GLTs) as well as highlights the latest findings regarding their beneficial effects on human diseases, including anticancer, antidiabetes, liver protection and other aspects (such as regulating gut microbiota, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory and immune regulation). Furthermore, we summarized the potential applications of GL in the food and pharmaceutical sectors, while also examining the current status of standardization throughout the entire industrial chain of GL, both domestically and internationally. These information offer an insight and guidance for the prospects of industrial development and the innovative advancement of GL within the global health industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- BRICS Standardization (Zhejiang) Research Center, Zhejiang Institute of Quality Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- National Market Regulation Digital Research and Application Technology Innovation Center, Zhejiang Standardization Think Tank, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengyun Zhang
- Wencheng County Food and Drug Comprehensive Testing Center, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yueyue Yin
- Lishui Institute for Quality Inspection and Testing, Lishui, China
| | | | - Qi Li
- Anhui Guotai Zhongxin Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei, China
| | - Lijingyi Yuan
- BRICS Standardization (Zhejiang) Research Center, Zhejiang Institute of Quality Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- National Market Regulation Digital Research and Application Technology Innovation Center, Zhejiang Standardization Think Tank, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yahe Sun
- BRICS Standardization (Zhejiang) Research Center, Zhejiang Institute of Quality Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- National Market Regulation Digital Research and Application Technology Innovation Center, Zhejiang Standardization Think Tank, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuhua Zhou
- BRICS Standardization (Zhejiang) Research Center, Zhejiang Institute of Quality Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- National Market Regulation Digital Research and Application Technology Innovation Center, Zhejiang Standardization Think Tank, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanting Ying
- BRICS Standardization (Zhejiang) Research Center, Zhejiang Institute of Quality Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- National Market Regulation Digital Research and Application Technology Innovation Center, Zhejiang Standardization Think Tank, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayan Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Guo J, Yan W, Duan H, Wang D, Zhou Y, Feng D, Zheng Y, Zhou S, Liu G, Qin X. Therapeutic Effects of Natural Products on Liver Cancer and Their Potential Mechanisms. Nutrients 2024; 16:1642. [PMID: 38892575 PMCID: PMC11174683 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer ranks third globally among causes of cancer-related deaths, posing a significant public health challenge. However, current treatments are inadequate, prompting a growing demand for novel, safe, and effective therapies. Natural products (NPs) have emerged as promising candidates in drug development due to their diverse biological activities, low toxicity, and minimal side effects. This paper begins by reviewing existing treatment methods and drugs for liver cancer. It then summarizes the therapeutic effects of NPs sourced from various origins on liver cancer. Finally, we analyze the potential mechanisms of NPs in treating liver cancer, including inhibition of angiogenesis, migration, and invasion; regulation of the cell cycle; induction of apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis; influence on tumor metabolism; immune regulation; regulation of intestinal function; and regulation of key signaling pathways. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of NPs research in liver cancer treatment, offering a foundation for further development and application in pharmaceuticals and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China; (J.G.); (W.Y.); (H.D.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Wenjie Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China; (J.G.); (W.Y.); (H.D.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Hao Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China; (J.G.); (W.Y.); (H.D.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Diandian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China; (J.G.); (W.Y.); (H.D.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Yaxi Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China; (J.G.); (W.Y.); (H.D.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Duo Feng
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Yue Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Shiqi Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China; (J.G.); (W.Y.); (H.D.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Gaigai Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China; (J.G.); (W.Y.); (H.D.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Xia Qin
- Graduate Department, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101, China
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Li W, Zou G, Bao D, Wu Y. Current Advances in the Functional Genes of Edible and Medicinal Fungi: Research Techniques, Functional Analysis, and Prospects. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:311. [PMID: 38786666 PMCID: PMC11121823 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional genes encode various biological functions required for the life activities of organisms. By analyzing the functional genes of edible and medicinal fungi, varieties of edible and medicinal fungi can be improved to enhance their agronomic traits, growth rates, and ability to withstand adversity, thereby increasing yield and quality and promoting industrial development. With the rapid development of functional gene research technology and the publication of many whole-genome sequences of edible and medicinal fungi, genes related to important biological traits have been mined, located, and functionally analyzed. This paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of different functional gene research techniques and application examples for edible and medicinal fungi; systematically reviews the research progress of functional genes of edible and medicinal fungi in biological processes such as mating type, mycelium and fruit growth and development, substrate utilization and nutrient transport, environmental response, and the synthesis and regulation of important active substances; and proposes future research directions for functional gene research for edible and medicinal fungi. The overall aim of this study was to provide a valuable reference for further promoting the molecular breeding of edible and medicinal fungi with high yield and quality and to promote the wide application of edible and medicinal fungi products in food, medicine, and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyun Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (G.Z.)
- College of Food Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Gen Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Dapeng Bao
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (G.Z.)
- College of Food Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (G.Z.)
- College of Food Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Nong Y, Zhou X, Li S, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Liang J, Zhang Y, Liu C. Efficient and fast screening and separation based on computer-aided screening and complex chromatography methods for lipoxygenase inhibitors from Ganoderma lucidum. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:599-616. [PMID: 38287705 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accurate screening and targeted preparative isolation of active substances from natural medicines have long been technical challenges in natural medicine research. OBJECTIVES This study outlines a new approach for improving the efficiency of natural product preparation, focusing on the rapid and accurate screening of potential active ingredients in Ganoderma lucidum and efficient preparation of lipoxidase inhibitors, with the aim of providing new ideas for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with G. lucidum. METHODS The medicinal plant G. lucidum was selected through ultrafiltration coupled with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (UF-LC-MS) and computer-assisted screening for lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors. In addition, the inhibitory effect of the active compounds on LOX was studied using enzymatic reaction kinetics, and the underlying mechanism is discussed. Finally, based on the earlier activity screening guidelines, the identified ligands were isolated and purified through complex chromatography (high-speed countercurrent chromatography and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography). RESULTS Five active ingredients, ganoderic acids A, B, C2, D2, and F, were identified and isolated from G. lucidum. We improved the efficiency and purity of active compound preparation using virtual computer screening and enzyme inhibition assays combined with complex chromatography. CONCLUSION The innovative methods of UF-LC-MS, computer-aided screening, and complex chromatography provide powerful tools for screening and separating LOX inhibitors from complex matrices and provide a favourable platform for the large-scale production of bioactive substances and nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Nong
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Sainan Li
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuchi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
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